| antifungal activity of micafungin against candida and aspergillus spp. isolated from pediatric patients in japan. | the in vitro antifungal activities of micafungin in comparison to caspofungin, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin b were evaluated against 93 candida and 23 aspergillus isolates recovered from pediatric patients with fungal infections. mics were determined by the clsi m27-a2 and m38-a for candida and aspergillus species, respectively. micafungin showed potent activity against candida albicans, candida tropicalis, and candida glabrata with a mic range of <= 0.002 to 0.015mu ... | 2009 | 18668422 |
| 2,5-diamino-6-ribitylamino-4(3h)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate synthases of fungi and archaea. | the pathway of riboflavin (vitamin b2) biosynthesis is significantly different in archaea, eubacteria, fungi and plants. specifically, the first committed intermediate, 2,5-diamino-6-ribosylamino-4(3h)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate, can either undergo hydrolytic cleavage of the position 2 amino group by a deaminase (in plants and most eubacteria) or reduction of the ribose side chain by a reductase (in fungi and archaea). we compare 2,5-diamino-6-ribitylamino-4(3h)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate synthase ... | 2008 | 18671734 |
| promiscuous dna in the nuclear genomes of hemiascomycetous yeasts. | abstract transfer of fragments of mtdna to the nuclear genome is a general phenomenon that gives rise to numts (nuclear sequences of mitochondrial origin). we present here the first comparative analysis of the numt content of entirely sequenced species belonging to a monophyletic group, the hemiascomycetous yeasts (candida glabrata, kluyveromyces lactis, kluyveromyces thermotolerans, debaryomyces hansenii and yarrowia lipolytica, along with the updated numt content of saccharomyces cerevisiae). ... | 2008 | 18673395 |
| emergence of resistance to amphotericin b and triazoles in candida glabrata vaginal isolates in a case of recurrent vaginitis. | emergence of resistance to triazoles and amphotericin b in candida glabrata vaginal isolates is documented by etest. during the 18-month follow-up of a case of vaginitis, 14 consecutive isolates of c. glabrata were examined. the isolates exhibited development of in vitro resistance beginning with itraconazole (>32 microg/ml), followed by fluconazole (>256 microg/ml), amphotericin b (>32 microg/ml), and voriconazole (>32 microg/ml). the dna sequence analyses and finger printing of the isolates st ... | 2008 | 18676230 |
| development of caspofungin resistance following prolonged therapy for invasive candidiasis secondary to candida glabrata infection. | we report a case of candida glabrata invasive candidiasis that developed reduced susceptibility to caspofungin during prolonged therapy. pre- and posttreatment isolates were confirmed to be isogenic, and sequencing of hot spots known to confer echinocandin resistance revealed an f659v substitution within the fks2 region of the glucan synthase complex. | 2008 | 18676885 |
| production of white colonies on chromagar candida medium by members of the candida glabrata clade and other species with overlapping phenotypic traits. | we hypothesized that species of the candida glabrata clade and species with phenotypic traits that overlap those of c. glabrata would produce white colonies on chromagar candida medium. of 154 isolates (seven species) tested, c. bracarensis, c. nivariensis, c. norvegensis, c. glabrata, and c. inconspicua produced white colonies; the pichia fermentans group and c. krusei did not. many of these species are difficult to identify phenotypically; white colonies may signal the need for the use of mole ... | 2008 | 18685009 |
| a nonsense mutation in the erg6 gene leads to reduced susceptibility to polyenes in a clinical isolate of candida glabrata. | unlike the molecular mechanisms that lead to azole drug resistance, the molecular mechanisms that lead to polyene resistance are poorly documented, especially in pathogenic yeasts. we investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for the reduced susceptibility to polyenes of a clinical isolate of candida glabrata. sterol content was analyzed by gas-phase chromatography, and we determined the sequences and levels of expression of several genes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis. we also inve ... | 2008 | 18694952 |
| efficacy of denture cleansers on denture liners contaminated with candida species. | as poor denture hygiene is related to candida colonisation, disinfectant solutions have been proposed as an effective method of preventing denture stomatitis. this study assessed the efficacy of denture cleansers on candida albicans and candida glabrata adherence on denture liners. another aim was to correlate materials' surface roughness (ra) to candida adherence. specimens of three denture liners (soft and hard polymethyl methacrylate (pmma)-based and soft silicone-based) were prepared and had ... | 2009 | 18696127 |
| candida glabrata infection in gastric carcinoma patient mimicking cutaneous histoplasmosis. | candida glabrata is the second most common candida species detected among hospitalized patients in usa. in tissue c. glabrata present as yeasts, 3-5 microns in size, which are difficult to visualize on h&e stained slides but can be detected on grocott methenamine silver (gms) stained slides. the presence of yeasts only, without any hyphal elements, makes c. glabrata difficult to distinguish from histoplasma capsulatum yeasts that are of similar size. mycology culture is the method of choice for ... | 2008 | 18700118 |
| the evolution of 5s ribosomal rna genes linked to the rdna units of fungal species. | 5s ribosomal rna (rrna) genes are known to move in and out of various tandemly repeated eukaryotic gene families during evolution. here, we investigated the organization of 5s rrna genes linked to the ribosomal dna (rdna) units in 147 fungal species using available sequence and genome databanks. whereas some fungal species have no 5s rrna genes in their rdna units, others have one or two 5s rrna copies linked on the same or the opposite strand. there were at least 13 independent changes during t ... | 2008 | 18704425 |
| idarubicin inhibits the growth of bacteria and yeasts in an automated blood culture system. | the effect of anti-neoplastic agents on the growth of microorganisms was studied in vitro using aerobic bact/alert standard and fan bottles as the culture media. a 50% longer incubation period to detect microbial growth compared to the control group was interpreted as growth inhibition. idarubicin inhibited the growth of all of the five gram-positive cocci, one of five gram-negative rods and one of three yeast strains studied in the standard bottles but not in the fan bottles. candida glabrata w ... | 2009 | 18763001 |
| correlation between enzyme production, germ tube formation and susceptibility to fluconazole in candida species isolated from patients with denture-related stomatitis and control individuals. | phospholipase and proteinase secretion in yeasts of the genus candida has been described as a relevant virulence factor. also, germ tube formation by candida albicans is associated with its invasive capacity and is considered an important pathogenic mechanism. | 2008 | 18764856 |
| [candida glabrata]. | | 2008 | 18769778 |
| anticandidal effects of voriconazole and caspofungin, singly and in combination, against candida glabrata, extracellularly and intracellularly in granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (gm-csf)-activated human monocytes. | the antifungal effects of voriconazole and caspofungin, singly and in combination, were determined against candida glabrata in time-kill curves in broth, in human monocyte-derived macrophages (mdms) and in mdms activated by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf). | 2008 | 18772160 |
| frequency of candida spp. in the oral cavity of brazilian hiv-positive patients and correlation with cd4 cell counts and viral load. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of candida spp., and particularly c. dubliniensis, among oral isolates from brazilian hiv-positive patients correlating these results with cd4 cell counts and viral load. forty-five individuals (23 female and 22 male) diagnosed as hiv-positive by elisa and western-blot, under anti-retroviral therapy for at least 1 year and without oral candidosis signals were included in the study. the control group was constituted by 45 healthy individuals, m ... | 2009 | 18781394 |
| [at the limits of the host--the cell wall of human pathogenic yeasts]. | | 2008 | 18782241 |
| fungaemia caused by candida glabrata with reduced susceptibility to fluconazole due to altered gene expression: risk factors, antifungal treatment and outcome. | the role of candida glabrata in fungaemia is attributed in part to its reduced susceptibility to azoles, usually due to altered expression of genes encoding drug efflux pumps. the aims of this study were to identify risk factors for fungaemia due to c. glabrata isolates with decreased susceptibility to fluconazole and to analyse the response to antifungal treatment and the clinical outcome of c. glabrata infections in hospitalized patients. | 2008 | 18782778 |
| take control over your fluconazole prescriptions: the growing importance of candida glabrata as an agent of candidemia in brazil. | | 2008 | 18785850 |
| mixed candida albicans and candida glabrata populations associated with the pathogenesis of denture stomatitis. | oral yeasts are an important component of the resident microbial ecology of the oral cavity, but they are also associated with various forms of oral candidosis, such as denture stomatitis. although candida albicans is the predominant oral fungal pathogen, other species may also play an integral role in pathogenesis. the aim of this study was to examine the mycological ecology in patients with denture stomatitis, using an improved sampling technique, to determine whether species diversity and spe ... | 2008 | 18793360 |
| biofilm microbial communities of denture stomatitis. | denture stomatitis is a common lesion that affects denture wearers. its multifactorial etiology seems to depend on a complex and poorly characterized biofilm. the purpose of this study was to assess the composition of the microbial biofilm obtained from complete denture wearers with and without denture stomatitis using culture-independent methods. | 2008 | 18793366 |
| hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a pancreas-kidney transplant recipient: response to dexamethasone and cyclosporine. | we describe a severe case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh), secondary to a candida glabrata retroperitoneal abscess in a 41-year-old simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (spkt) recipient. despite percutaneous abscess drainage and antifungal therapy, general status deteriorated with persistent fever, severe pancytopenia and liver dysfunction. presence of hypertriglyceridemia, very high serum levels of ferritin and hemophagocytosis in a bone-marrow aspirate gave the diagnosis of ... | 2008 | 18793556 |
| structure-guided development of efficacious antifungal agents targeting candida glabrata dihydrofolate reductase. | candida glabrata is a lethal fungal pathogen resistant to many antifungal agents and has emerged as a critical target for drug discovery. over the past several years, we have been developing a class of propargyl-linked antifolates as antimicrobials and hypothesized that these compounds could be effective inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from c. glabrata. we initially screened a small collection of these inhibitors and found modest levels of potency. subsequently, we determined the cr ... | 2008 | 18804036 |
| the cell wall of the human pathogen candida glabrata: differential incorporation of novel adhesin-like wall proteins. | the cell wall of the human pathogen candida glabrata governs initial host-pathogen interactions that underlie the establishment of fungal infections. with the aim of identifying species-specific features that may directly relate to its virulence, we have investigated the cell wall of c. glabrata using a multidisciplinary approach that combines microscopy imaging, biochemical studies, bioinformatics, and tandem mass spectrometry. electron microscopy revealed a bilayered wall structure in which th ... | 2008 | 18806209 |
| rationale for reading fluconazole mics at 24 hours rather than 48 hours when testing candida spp. by the clsi m27-a2 standard method. | we investigated if clsi m27-a2 candida species breakpoints for fluconazole mic are valid when read at 24 h. analysis of a data set showed good correlation between 48- and 24-h mics, as well as similar outcomes and pharmacodynamic efficacy parameters, except for isolates in the susceptible dose-dependent category, such as candida glabrata. | 2008 | 18809944 |
| antileishmanial, antimalarial and antimicrobial activities of the extract and isolated compounds from austroplenckia populnea (celastraceae). | austroplenckia populnea (celastraceae), known as "marmelinho do campo", is used in brazilian folk medicine as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumoural agent. the aim of the present work was to evaluate the antimicrobial, antileishmanial and antimalarial activities of the crude hydroalcoholic extract of a. populnea (che) and some of its isolated compounds. the phytochemical study of the che was carried out affording the isolation of methyl populnoate (1), populnoic acid (2), and stigmas ... | 2008 | 18810991 |
| megasatellites: a peculiar class of giant minisatellites in genes involved in cell adhesion and pathogenicity in candida glabrata. | minisatellites are dna tandem repeats that are found in all sequenced genomes. in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, they are frequently encountered in genes encoding cell wall proteins. minisatellites present in the completely sequenced genome of the pathogenic yeast candida glabrata were similarly analyzed, and two new types of minisatellites were discovered: minisatellites that are composed of two different intermingled repeats (called compound minisatellites), and minisatellites containing ... | 2008 | 18812401 |
| synthesis of new 1-[2-azido-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-1h/-imidazoles and in vitro evaluation of their antifungal activity. | new 1-[2-azido-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-1h/-imidazole were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of various tertiary alcohols with azide anion in presence of boron trifluoride-diethyl etherate. their antifungal activity was evaluated against candida albicans, candida glabrata, aspergillus fumigatus and an azole-resistant petite mutant of c. glabrata. preliminary sar results are discussed. | 2008 | 18821251 |
| synthesis and biological activities of new hydrazide derivatives. | the synthesis of a new series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid arylidene-hydrazides is described. the chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by ir, (1)h-nmr, fab(+)-ms spectral data. their biological activity against various bacteria, fungi species, and mycobacterium tuberculosis was investigated. antibacterial activity was measured against escherichia coli (nrrl b-3704), staphylococcus aureus (nrrl b-767), salmonella typhimurium (nrrl b-4420), proteus vulgaris (nrll b-1 ... | 2009 | 18825530 |
| yku70/yku80 and rif1 regulate silencing differentially at telomeres in candida glabrata. | candida glabrata, a common opportunistic fungal pathogen, adheres efficiently to mammalian epithelial cells in culture. this interaction in vitro depends mainly on the adhesin epa1, one of a large family of cell wall proteins. most of the epa genes are located in subtelomeric regions, where they are transcriptionally repressed by silencing. in order to better characterize the transcriptional regulation of the epa family, we have assessed the importance of c. glabrata orthologues of known regulat ... | 2008 | 18836091 |
| comparison of disk diffusion test and etest for voriconazole and fluconazole susceptibility testing. | the distribution for voriconazole and fluconazole susceptibility was determined by etest and disk diffusion test in 143 clinical isolates. the majority of the strains of aspergillus spp., candida krusei, c. inconspicua, c norvegensis and saccharomyces cerevisiae displayed resistance or decreased susceptibility to fluconazole in contrast to voriconazole. the absolute categorical agreement for voriconazole and fluconazole susceptibility results by the disk method and etest was 90.5 and 74.8 % resp ... | 2008 | 18837162 |
| [enhancing alpha-ketoglutaric acid production in torulopsis glabrata: increase of acetyl-coa availability]. | this study aimed at increasing the alpha-ketoglutaric acid production of a multi-vitamin auxotrophic yeast torulopsis glabrata, by increasing the availability of acetyl-coa. | 2008 | 18837363 |
| a reusable method for construction of non-marker large fragment deletion yeast auxotroph strains: a practice in torulopsis glabrata. | a reusable method for construction of yeast auxotrophic mutants with large deletions that do not contain markers was developed and successfully applied to a pyruvate overproducing yeast strain, torulopsis glabrata cctcc m202019. a ura3 knockout fragment with a large deletion of the open reading frame and long homologous arms was constructed by fusion pcr and transformed into the parent strain by high-efficiency electroporation. a high concentration of transformed yeast was achieved by subsequent ... | 2009 | 18840479 |
| treatment of a critically ill child with disseminated candida glabrata with a recombinant human antibody specific for fungal heat shock protein 90 and liposomal amphotericin b, caspofungin, and voriconazole. | to report a case of fungal sepsis treated prospectively with liposomal amphotericin, caspofungin, and a novel monoclonal antibody specific for candidal heat shock protein 90 (mycograb, neutec pharma, manchester, uk). | 2008 | 18843247 |
| prevalence of candida species in different hospital wards and their susceptibility to antifungal agents: results of a three year survey. | over a three years period, 472 candida isolates were obtained from specimens of patients hospitalized either in "at risk", bone marrow transplant unit and intensive care unit, or in conventional wards, pneumological divisions of the "binaghi" hospital of cagliari (italy). antifungal susceptibility profile to amphotericin b, voriconazole, fluconazole and ketoconazole was determined. candida albicans was the predominant species while candida krusei was the most frequent non-albicans species. c. kr ... | 2008 | 18847180 |
| treatment of candiduria with micafungin: a case series. | there has been a gradual increase in the incidence of non-candida albicans-related nosocomial infections. candida glabrata urinary tract infections have increased in frequency, and treating these infections can be difficult because the organism may be resistant to fluconazole. a newer antifungal agent, micafungin, which belongs in the class of echinocandins, provides an alternative and effective therapy against c glabrata. the present report describes three cases of c glabrata-associated urinary ... | 2007 | 18923769 |
| clinical characteristics of vulvovaginal candidiasis and antifungal susceptibilities of candida species isolates among patients in southern china from 2003 to 2006. | to determine the clinical characteristics of vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc), the candida species involved and the antifungal susceptibility of candida species isolated from patients with vvc. | 2008 | 18937710 |
| isolation of candida dubliniensis in denture stomatitis. | to describe the isolation of candida dubliniensis from a patient with denture stomatitis and to compare with the presence of yeasts in the oral cavities of denture wearers. | 2009 | 18950745 |
| [heterologous expression of h2o-forming nadh oxidase in torulopsis glabrata significantly enhance the pyruvate productivity of the host]. | objective: the aim of this manuscript was to illuminate the effect of nadh oxidation pathway on the glycolytic rate and the pyruvate productivity. | 2008 | 18956756 |
| dark brown is the more virulent of the switch phenotypes of candida glabrata. | candida glabrata undergoes reversible, high-frequency core switching between phenotypes that include dark brown (db), light brown (lb) and white (wh). these phenotypes in turn can switch to the irregular wrinkle (iwr) phenotype. natural isolates, however, express predominantly the db phenotype, leading to the hypothesis that it has a colonization advantage over the other switch phenotypes. using the mouse model of systemic infection, results are presented which support this hypothesis. db has an ... | 2008 | 18957584 |
| [in vitro amphotericin b susceptibility of korean bloodstream yeast isolates assessed by the clsi broth microdilution method, etest, and minimum fungicidal concentration test]. | although amphotericin b (amb) has a wide spectrum of activity that encompasses the majority of yeast isolates, there have been recent reports suggesting that some yeast isolates exhibit decreased susceptibility to amb. however, in vitro amb susceptibility of yeast species isolates from blood cultures in korea has not been fully surveyed. | 2008 | 18971615 |
| the antimicrobial peptide histatin-5 causes a spatially restricted disruption on the candida albicans surface, allowing rapid entry of the peptide into the cytoplasm. | antimicrobial peptides play an important role in host defense against microbial pathogens. their high cationic charge and strong amphipathic structure allow them to bind to the anionic microbial cell membrane and disrupt the membrane bilayer by forming pores or channels. in contrast to the classical pore-forming peptides, studies on histatin-5 (hst-5) have suggested that the peptide is transported into the cytoplasm of candida albicans in a non-lytic manner, and cytoplasmic hst-5 exerts its cand ... | 2008 | 18974864 |
| live candida albicans suppresses production of reactive oxygen species in phagocytes. | production of reactive oxygen species (ros) is an important aspect of phagocyte-mediated host responses. since phagocytes play a crucial role in the host response to candida albicans, we examined the ability of candida to modulate phagocyte ros production. ros production was measured in the murine macrophage cell line j774 and in primary phagocytes using luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. j774 cells, murine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn), human monocytes, and human pmn treated with live c. ... | 2009 | 18981256 |
| identification of candida albicans and candida glabrata within 1.5 hours directly from positive blood culture bottles with a shortened peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization protocol. | candida albicans and candida glabrata can be identified in blood culture bottles within 2.5 h using peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization. a 1.25-h protocol was compared to the standard with 40 positive (clinical and spiked) blood culture bottles tested in batches of 5. all c. albicans (15) and c. glabrata (16) isolates, alone or mixed, were identified correctly using both protocols, whereas 18 isolates (five other species) were negative by both protocols. this shortened method ... | 2009 | 18987173 |
| in vitro activity of essential oils extracted from plants used as spices against fluconazole-resistant and fluconazole-susceptible candida spp. | in the present study, the antifungal activity of selected essential oils obtained from plants used as spices was evaluated against both fluconazole-resistant and fluconazole-susceptible candida spp. the candida species studied were candida albicans, candida dubliniensis, candida tropicalis, candida glabrata, and candida krusei. for comparison purposes, they were arranged in groups as c. albicans, c. dubliniensis, and candida non-albicans. the essential oils were obtained from cinnamomum zeylanic ... | 2008 | 18997851 |
| evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the acetone extract of the lichen ramalina farinacea and its (+)-usnic acid, norstictic acid, and protocetraric acid constituents. | the acetone extract of the lichen ramalina farinacea and its (+)-usnic acid constituent showed antimicrobial activity against bacillus subtilis, listeria monocytogenes, proteus vulgaris, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis, yersinia enterocolitica, candida albicans, and candida glabrata. norstictic acid was active against aeromonas hydrophila as well as the above microorganisms except yersinia enterocolitica. protocetraric acid showed activity only against the tested yeasts candida alb ... | 2004 | 18998406 |
| genome adaptation to chemical stress: clues from comparative transcriptomics in saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida glabrata. | recent technical and methodological advances have placed microbial models at the forefront of evolutionary and environmental genomics. to better understand the logic of genetic network evolution, we combined comparative transcriptomics, a differential clustering algorithm and promoter analyses in a study of the evolution of transcriptional networks responding to an antifungal agent in two yeast species: the free-living model organism saccharomyces cerevisiae and the human pathogen candida glabra ... | 2008 | 19025642 |
| antifungal activity of caspofungin in combination with amphotericin b against candida glabrata: comparison of disk diffusion, etest, and time-kill methods. | the in vitro activities of caspofungin plus amphotericin b against 50 candida glabrata isolates were evaluated by the time-kill, disk diffusion, and etest methods. in vitro experiments showed a positive interaction. even though each of these methods uses different conditions and endpoints, the results of the different methods frequently agreed. | 2009 | 19029317 |
| one-pot synthesis of 5-phenylimino, 5-thieno or 5-oxo-1,2,3-dithiazoles and evaluation of their antimicrobial and antitumor activity. | we here report the synthesis and biological evaluation of rare 4-substituted-5-phenylimino, 5-thieno- and 5-oxo-1,2,3-dithiazoles. dithiazoles were selectively obtained in moderate to high yields (25-73%) via a one-pot reaction from various ethanoneoximes with sulfur monochloride, pyridine in acetonitrile followed by treatment by corresponding nucleophiles (aniline, thioacetamide and formic acid). all the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial (against bacteria escherichia c ... | 2009 | 19036587 |
| a multispecies-based taxonomic microarray reveals interspecies hybridization and introgression in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | a multispecies-based taxonomic microarray targeting coding sequences of diverged orthologous genes in saccharomyces cerevisiae, saccharomyces paradoxus, saccharomyces mikatae, saccharomyces bayanus, saccharomyces kudriavzevii, naumovia castellii, lachancea kluyveri and candida glabrata was designed to allow identification of isolates of these species and their interspecies hybrids. analysis of isolates of several saccharomyces species and interspecies hybrids demonstrated the ability of the micr ... | 2009 | 19054123 |
| biological diversity of yeasts in the gastrointestinal tract of weaned piglets kept under different farm conditions. | the study was conducted to determine yeasts present in the gastrointestinal tract (git) of piglets kept under experimental farm (ef) and commercial farm (cf) conditions. ninety five german landrace full- and half-sibling piglets were sacrificed at 39 days of age. sixty eight piglets were weaned at 28th day of life, when they were offered one diet ad libitum. twenty seven piglets remained unweaned by their dams. none of the piglets received any creep feed before weaning. digesta samples were coll ... | 2008 | 19054135 |
| proteinase and phospholipase activity as virulence factors in candida species isolated from blood. | the number of nosocomial blood stream infections due to candida species has increased over the past few decades. in order to establish an infection, opportunistic pathogens have to evade the immune system, survive, divide in the host environment, and spread to other tissues. proteinase and phospholipase secretion has been implicated as potential virulence factors for some candida species responsible for catheter related candidemia in intensive care unit (icu) patients with indwelling devices. we ... | 2008 | 19071887 |
| [study on vaginal production of human defensins and the correlated pathogenetic factors of vulvovaginal candidiasis]. | to investigate the correlated pathogenetic factors and vaginal local immunity in vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc). | 2008 | 19080508 |
| vinegar as an antimicrobial agent for control of candida spp. in complete denture wearers. | the use of denture is known to increase the carriage of candida in healthy patients, and the proliferation of candida albicans strains can be associated with denture-induced stomatitis. the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of vinegar as an antimicrobial agent for control of candida spp. in complete upper denture wearers. fifty-five patients were submitted to a detailed clinical interview and oral clinical examination, and were instructed to keep their dentures immersed in a 10% vinegar ... | 2008 | 19082396 |
| phylogenetic diversity and antimicrobial activities of fungi associated with haliclona simulans isolated from irish coastal waters. | the diversity and antimicrobial activities of 80 fungi isolated from haliclona simulans were assessed using different fungal media containing either agar or gellum gum. in total, 19 different genotypes were detected. these fungal isolates could be classified as members of the agaricomycotina, mucoromycotina, saccharomycotina, and pezizomycotina, although the majority of the isolates were associated with the latter class. some of these fungal isolates showed antimicrobial inhibition of escherichi ... | 2009 | 19083060 |
| genomic polymorphism in the population of candida glabrata: gene copy-number variation and chromosomal translocations. | the genomic sequence of the type strain of the opportunist human pathogen candida glabrata (cbs138, atcc 2001) is available since 2004. this allows the analysis of genomic structure of other strains by comparative genomic hybridization. we present here the molecular analysis of a collection of 183 c. glabrata strains isolated from patients hospitalized in france and around the world. we show that the mechanisms of microevolution within this asexual species include rare reciprocal chromosomal tra ... | 2009 | 19084610 |
| antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of marrubium alysson and retama raetam grown in tunisia. | antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts obtained from m. alysson, r. raetam were tested using a solid medium technique. we showed that the petroleum ether extract of m. alysson had a minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) varied from 128 to 2000 microg ml(-1) against different enterobacteriaceae and antifungal activity against candida glabrata, candida albicans, candida parapsilosis and candida kreusei with a mic of 256 microg ml(-1). the ethyl acetate extract of r. raetam showed the ... | 2007 | 19086533 |
| [two cases of advanced gastric cancer with postoperative severe complications after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy]. | we report two cases of advanced gastric cancer with severe postoperative complications after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (nac). the first case is a 60-year-old man who was diagnosed as a type 2 advanced gastric cancer with paraaortic lymph node metastases and the elevation of serum ca19-9 level. nac was started, but no reductions were noted after 3 courses. palliative total gastrectomy with distal pancreatectomy, splenectomy, cholecystectomy, and partial hepatectomy for t4 gastric cancer exhibitin ... | 2008 | 19106528 |
| pharmacology and antifungal properties of anidulafungin, a new echinocandin. | anidulafungin is the third echinocandin antifungal agent to receive approval from the united states food and drug administration. it is indicated for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, candidemia, and other candidal infections. anidulafungin is fungicidal against candida species, including candida glabrata and isolates resistant to azoles and polyenes. the drug's efficacy is comparable to that of fluconazole for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, and it is effective in patients with ... | 2009 | 19113794 |
| oral candidiasis: a comparison between conventional methods and multiplex polymerase chain reaction for species identification. | oral candidiasis is the most common fungal infection in dental practice, and is caused by yeasts that are normally present in the endogenous flora. | 2009 | 19121074 |
| optimal use of myco/f lytic and standard bactec blood culture bottles for detection of yeast and mycobacteria. | the optimal use of dedicated fungal and mycobacterial blood culture bottles, such as the bactec myco/f lytic bottle, has not been well defined in clinical practice. | 2009 | 19123744 |
| isolation and properties of a chromosome-dependent khr killer toxin in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | a strain of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae coding for khr on the chromosome secreted a toxin that kills sensitive yeasts. the transformants of multicopy vectors carrying the khr gene could secrete 3-4-fold the killer toxin of the donor strain. this toxic substance was purified 80-fold in specific activity from the culture filtrate by gel filtration and hydrophobic column chromatography. the purified toxin gave a single protein band with molecular mass of 20 kda on sds-page and had an isoelec ... | 1990 | 19130676 |
| epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of bloodstream candida isolates in quebec: report on 453 cases between 2003 and 2005. | between may 2003 and april 2005, a population-based surveillance of candida bloodstream infections was conducted in quebec. a total of 453 episodes of candidemia (464 yeast isolates) from 54 participating hospitals were studied. | 2008 | 19145263 |
| gain of function mutations in cgpdr1 of candida glabrata not only mediate antifungal resistance but also enhance virulence. | cgpdr1p is a candida glabrata zn(2)-cys(6) transcription factor involved in the regulation of the abc-transporter genes cgcdr1, cgcdr2, and cgsnq2, which are mediators of azole resistance. single-point mutations in cgpdr1 are known to increase the expression of at least cgcdr1 and cgcdr2 and thus to contribute to azole resistance of clinical isolates. in this study, we investigated the incidence of cgpdr1 mutations in a large collection of clinical isolates and tested their relevance, not only t ... | 2009 | 19148266 |
| coordinate control of lipid composition and drug transport activities is required for normal multidrug resistance in fungi. | pathogenic fungi present a special problem in the clinic as the range of drugs that can be used to treat these types of infections is limited. this situation is further complicated by the presence of robust inducible gene networks encoding different proteins that confer tolerance to many available antifungal drugs. the transcriptional control of these multidrug resistance systems in several key fungi will be discussed. experiments in the non-pathogenic saccharomyces cerevisiae have provided much ... | 2009 | 19150512 |
| uneven distribution of mating types among genotypes of candida glabrata isolates from clinical samples. | in order to shed light on its basic biology, we initiated a population genetic analysis of candida glabrata, an emerging pathogenic yeast with no sexual stage yet recognized. a worldwide collection of clinical strains was subjected to analysis using variable number of tandem repeats (vntr) at nine loci. the clustering of strains obtained with this method was congruent with that obtained using sequence polymorphism of the nmt1 gene, a locus previously proposed for lineage assignment. linkage dise ... | 2009 | 19151326 |
| probing the active site of candida glabrata dihydrofolate reductase with high resolution crystal structures and the synthesis of new inhibitors. | candida glabrata, a fungal strain resistant to many commonly administered antifungal agents, has become an emerging threat to human health. in previous work, we validated that the essential enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase, is a drug target in c. glabrata. using a crystal structure of dihydrofolate reductase from c. glabrata bound to an initial lead compound, we designed a class of biphenyl antifolates that potently and selectively inhibit both the enzyme and the growth of the fungal culture. in ... | 2009 | 19152636 |
| polarization optical analysis of the surface structures of various fungi. | vicinal hydroxyl groups of the sugar compounds sialic acid and 9-o-acyl sialic acid can be visualised for polarization optical analysis on the surface of different fungi using several topo-optical reactions. we investigated the presence of these molecules in cultures of cryptococcus neoformans (heterogeneous form), saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida krusei and candida tropicalis by topo-optical reactions. additionally, we examined brain and stomach tissues of p ... | 2009 | 19152960 |
| necrotizing soft-tissue infection caused by both candida glabrata and streptococcus agalactiae. | | 2009 | 19153361 |
| donor-to-host transmission of candida glabrata to both recipients of corneal transplants from the same donor. | to report 2 cases of exogenous candida glabrata endophthalmitis after penetrating keratoplasty in recipients of corneas from the same donor transplanted on the same day. | 2009 | 19158573 |
| prevalence of oral candida species ina north american pediatric population. | oral candidiasis caused by species other than candida albicans has been observed. this study evaluated the prevalence of oral yeast species among 196 children during routine oral exam. based on standard mycological testing, 130 (66%) subjects had fungal growth. candida albicans isolates were recovered in 56% of children, but an extensive diversity in the non-albicans species was observed. intrinsic differences in the pediatric population may favor the presence of yeast species other than c. albi ... | 2007 | 19161062 |
| towards new antifolates targeting eukaryotic opportunistic infections. | trimethoprim, an antifolate commonly prescribed in combination with sulfamethoxazole, potently inhibits several prokaryotic species of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). however, several eukaryotic pathogenic organisms are resistant to trimethoprim, preventing its effective use as a therapeutic for those infections. we have been building a program to reengineer trimethoprim to more potently and selectively inhibit eukaryotic species of dhfr as a viable strategy for new drug discovery targeting seve ... | 2009 | 19168759 |
| antimicrobial activity of some thiourea derivatives and their nickel and copper complexes. | five thiourea derivative ligands and their ni(2+) and cu(2+) complexes have been synthesized. the compounds were screened for their in vitro anti-bacterial activity using gram-positive bacteria (two different standard strains of staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus faecalis, streptococcus pyogenes, bacillus cereus) and gram-negative bacteria (esherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, proteus vulgaris, enterobacter aerogenes) and in vitro anti-yeast ... | 2009 | 19169199 |
| candida lusitaniae fungemia in cancer patients: risk factors for amphotericin b failure and outcome. | candida lusitaniae, a candida species frequently resistant to amphotericin b (amb), is a rare cause of candidemia. the clinical significance of this in vitro resistant phenotype, the risk factors for, and the clinical presentation of c. lusitaniae fungemia in comparison with those of candida albicans have not been completely characterized. we reviewed 13 consecutive cases of c. lusitaniae fungemia in cancer patients and compared them with 41 consecutive cases of c. albicans fungemia (1990-2004). ... | 2008 | 19180749 |
| breakpoints for susceptibility testing should not divide wild-type distributions of important target species. | the fluconazole mic distributions for candida glabrata from testing 34 different clinical isolates and performing 51 tests on a single isolate mirrored each other. since what is perceived as biological variation in isolates without resistance mechanisms is mainly methodological variation, breakpoints which divide this distribution not only lack a sound biological basis but also result in poor reproducibility of susceptibility characterization. this makes 2, 4, 8, and possibly 16 microg/ml unsuit ... | 2009 | 19188378 |
| identification of candida nivariensis and candida bracarensis in a large global collection of candida glabrata isolates: comparison to the literature. | we analyzed 1,598 candida glabrata isolates for the presence of the cryptic species candida nivariensis and candida bracarensis. both species were very rare in this collection (0.2% prevalence), despite the number of isolates analyzed and the global distribution of the isolates. we saw no associated antifungal resistance in c. nivariensis. | 2009 | 19193845 |
| mutations in the cgpdr1 and cgerg11 genes in azole-resistant candida glabrata clinical isolates from slovakia. | candida glabrata is an important human pathogen that is naturally less susceptible to antimycotics compared with candida albicans. ten unmatched c. glabrata clinical isolates were selected from a collection of isolates exhibiting decreased susceptibilities to azole antifungals. overexpression of the cgpdr1 gene, encoding the main multidrug resistance transcription factor, and its target genes cgcdr1 and cgcdr2, coding for drug efflux transporters, was observed in six fluconazole-resistant isolat ... | 2009 | 19196495 |
| formation of new chromosomes as a virulence mechanism in yeast candida glabrata. | in eukaryotes, the number and rough organization of chromosomes is well preserved within isolates of the same species. novel chromosomes and loss of chromosomes are infrequent and usually associated with pathological events. here, we analyzed 40 pathogenic isolates of a haploid and asexual yeast, candida glabrata, for their genome structure and stability. this organism has recently become the second most prevalent yeast pathogen in humans. although the gene sequences were well conserved among di ... | 2009 | 19204294 |
| candida glabrata fungaemia: the importance of anaerobic blood culture. | | 2009 | 19208895 |
| modulation of the antifungal activity of new medicinal plant extracts active on candida glabrata by the major transporters and regulators of the pleiotropic drug-resistance network in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the increased incidence of drug-resistant fungal infections, a process in which active efflux plays an important role, calls for the development of new treatments. candida albicans and candida glabrata are the most frequent human fungal pathogens. the latter, in spite of its increased azole tolerance, is rarely used in medicinal plant screening. several extracts inhibiting the growth of this pathogenic yeast are identified here. the ethyl acetate extract of the herb dalea formosa of the american ... | 2009 | 19216644 |
| fenticonazole activity measured by the methods of the european committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing and clsi against 260 candida vulvovaginitis isolates from two european regions and annotations on the prevalent genotypes. | the activity of fenticonazole was studied against 260 west and southeast european vulvovaginal candidiasis isolates, and low mics were displayed. fenticonazole was assessed by european committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing and clsi microdilution methods for the first time, and the results showed excellent agreement (97%) and significant interclass correlation coefficient (p < 0.0001). also, the levels of agreement for the results for itraconazole, fluconazole, and ketoconazole were 8 ... | 2009 | 19223627 |
| risk factors for fluconazole-resistant candida glabrata bloodstream infections. | bloodstream infections (bsis) caused by candida glabrata have increased substantially. candida glabrata is often associated with resistance to fluconazole therapy. however, to our knowledge, risk factors for fluconazole-resistant c glabrata bsis have not been studied. | 2009 | 19237722 |
| candida glabrata endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty. | we report a case of candida glabrata endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty in a 57-year-old man. the infection was thought to be treated successfully with intravitreal amphotericin b but flared 7 months later following cataract extraction and eventually required explantation of the intraocular lens and therapeutic keratoplasty. the literature regarding this rare infection is reviewed. candida glabrata, an uncommon ocular pathogen, is being reported with increasing frequency and with ... | 2009 | 19251157 |
| role for fks1 in the intrinsic echinocandin resistance of fusarium solani as evidenced by hybrid expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the opportunistic mold fusarium solani is intrinsically resistant to cell wall synthesis-inhibiting echinocandins (ecs), including caspofungin and micafungin. mutations that confer acquired ec resistance in saccharomyces cerevisiae and other normally susceptible yeast species have been mapped to the fks1 gene; among these is the mutation of residue 639 from phe to tyr (f639y) within a region designated hot spot 1. fks1 sequence analysis identified the equivalent of y639 in f. solani as well as i ... | 2009 | 19258277 |
| prevalence of candida species and potential risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis in aligarh, india. | the objectives were to determine the frequency of candida species in women of different age groups as well as to suggest the criteria for the diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc). | 2009 | 19261369 |
| relationship between recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis and immune mediators in vaginal fluid. | recurring vulvovaginal candidosis (rvvc) is a common vaginal discharge, affecting 75% of all women at least once in their life. in 5% of these women, this infection is recurring. recent studies have focused on determining the importance of vaginal-associated immunity. to investigate the effects of immune mediators and the probability of an immune defect as well as localized allergic responses due to candida, we examined the cytokines il-4, il-5, il-13 as well as prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)), cand ... | 2009 | 19261373 |
| in vitro antifungal combination effects of micafungin with fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin b, and flucytosine against clinical isolates of candida species. | micafungin (mcfg) is an echinocandin antifungal agent that exhibits potent activity against most species of candida and aspergillus. we investigated the in vitro antifungal combination effects of mcfg with four other antifungal agents - fluconazole (flcz), voriconazole (vrcz), amphotericin b, and flucytosine - against clinical isolates of 54 candida spp. by checkerboard analysis. the synergistic antifungal effects of mcfg-flcz and mcfg-vrcz were 11% and 15%, respectively, and the latter displaye ... | 2009 | 19280292 |
| the epidemiology of candida colonization and invasive candidiasis in a surgical intensive care unit where fluconazole prophylaxis is utilized: follow-up to a randomized clinical trial. | to determine whether candida glabrata colonization and invasive candidiasis (ic) increased among critically ill surgical patients 3 years after the introduction of fluconazole prophylaxis to a surgical intensive care unit (sicu). | 2009 | 19300221 |
| molecular and phenotypic analysis of mutations causing anionic phospholipid deficiency in closely related yeast species. | the pel1 mutation in saccharomyces cerevisiae and the cgpgs1delta mutation in candida glabrata result in deficiency of mitochondrial phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase and lack of two anionic phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. dna sequence analysis of the pcr-amplified pel1 mutant allele revealed that the pel1 mutation resulted from a single amino-acid substitution (glu(463)lys) in the c-terminal part of encoded enzyme. the cgpgs1 gene cloned in a centromeric pfl38 vector f ... | 2009 | 19330542 |
| characterization of a spontaneous flocculation mutant derived from candida glabrata: a useful strain for bioethanol production. | a spontaneous flocculation mutant (cgflo1) was obtained from candida glabrata. flocculation of cgflo1 was dependent on divalent cations such as ca(2+) and mg(2+) and was inhibited by galactose. cgflo1 is believed to be a useful strain for bioethanol production based on its flocculation ability at higher temperatures. | 2009 | 19332296 |
| candida glabrata pho4 is necessary and sufficient for pho2-independent transcription of phosphate starvation genes. | comparative genomic analyses of candida glabrata and saccharomyces cerevisiae suggest many signal transduction pathways are highly conserved. focusing on the phosphate signal transduction (pho) pathway of c. glabrata, we demonstrate that components of the pathway are conserved and confirm the role of cgpho81, cgpho80, cgpho4, and cgmsn5 in the pho pathway through deletion analysis. unlike s. cerevisiae, c. glabrata shows little dependence on the transcription factor, pho2, for induction of phosp ... | 2009 | 19332882 |
| pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling and in vitro simulation of dynamic voriconazole-candida interactions. | using dynamic time-kill experiments with changing voriconazole concentrations, it was demonstrated that candida albicans atcc 90029 as well as candida glabrata and candida parapsilosis clinical isolates (two each) were significantly inhibited by starting concentrations of 4x and 16x the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) but not 1x mic. time-kill data were accurately fitted using a sigmoidal e(max) model. pharmacokinetic (pk) parameters from human data sets were used in the model to simulate ... | 2009 | 19339162 |
| warthin tumor presenting as a fungal abscess in an immunocompetent host: case report and review of the literature. | fungal abscesses of the parotid gland are rare, and cases arising within parotid neoplasms have not been described previously. this report conveys our experience managing such an entity, which is further distinguished by its occurrence in an immunocompetent host. | 2010 | 19340859 |
| [epidemiology of candidemia: a one-year prospective observational study in the west of france]. | a one-year prospective, observational study was conducted in the west of france, to evaluate the epidemiology of candidemia. | 2009 | 19346088 |
| evaluating the resistance to posaconazole by e-test and clsi broth microdilution methodologies of candida spp. and pathogenic moulds. | e-test methodology was compared with clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) broth microdilution, particularly concerning the detection of resistance to posaconazole among clinical fungal isolates. the susceptibility of a large set of fungal strains (n = 300) was evaluated following 24 and 48 h in two different culture media (rpmi 1640 and sabouraud agar). fungal strains were highly susceptible to posaconazole; however, few less susceptible strains were found, mostly regarding candida ... | 2009 | 19350293 |
| antimicrobial dihydroisocoumarins from crassocephalum biafrae. | bioassay-guided fractionation of the chcl (3)-soluble extract of the stem bark of crassocephalum biafrae (asteraceae) resulted in the isolation of three new dihydroisocoumarins, named biafraecoumarins a ( 1), b ( 2), and c ( 3); two known triterpenes ( 4 and 5); and a known ceramide ( 6). the structures of the new compounds were established as 7-but-15-enyl-6,8-dihydroxy-3( r)-penta-9,11-dienylisochroman-1-one ( 1), 7-butyl-6,8-dihydroxy-3( r)-penta-9,11-dienylisochroman-1-one ( 2), and 7-butyl- ... | 2009 | 19350487 |
| purulent pericarditis: report of 2 cases and review of the literature. | purulent pericarditis, a localized infection within the pericardial space, has become a rare entity in the modern antibiotic era. although historically a disease of children and young adults, this is no longer the case: the median age at the time of diagnosis has increased by nearly 30 years over the past 6 decades. despite advances in diagnostic and treatment modalities, purulent pericarditis remains a life-threatening illness. unfortunately, the diagnosis is made postmortem in more than half t ... | 2009 | 19352300 |
| candida glabrata fungaemia in a tertiary centre in taiwan: antifungal susceptibility and outcomes. | the proportion of non-albicans candidaemia has increased during recent decades, especially candida glabrata. we evaluated the antifungal susceptibility, clinical features and outcome of c. glabrata fungaemia treated in a tertiary centre in taiwan. all episodes of c. glabrata fungaemia during 1999-2005 were identified from microbiology laboratory records and all c. glabrata isolates were subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing by the broth microdilution method. a total of 177 episodes of c ... | 2009 | 19361960 |
| structure and in vivo requirement of the yeast spt6 sh2 domain. | during transcription elongation through chromatin, the ser2-phosphorylated c-terminal repeat domain of rna polymerase ii binds the c-terminal src homology 2 (sh2) domain of the nucleosome re-assembly factor spt6. this sh2 domain is unusual in its specificity to bind phosphoserine, rather than phosphotyrosine and because it is the only sh2 domain in the yeast genome. here, we report the high-resolution crystal structure of the sh2 domain from candida glabrata spt6. the structure combines features ... | 2009 | 19371747 |
| structure and mechanism of a eukaryotic fmn adenylyltransferase. | flavin mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (fmnat) catalyzes the formation of the essential flavocoenzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad) and plays an important role in flavocoenzyme homeostasis regulation. by sequence comparison, bacterial and eukaryotic fmnat enzymes belong to two different protein superfamilies and apparently utilize different sets of active-site residues to accomplish the same chemistry. here we report the first structural characterization of a eukaryotic fmnat from the pat ... | 2009 | 19375431 |
| initial treatment and outcome of candida glabrata versus candida albicans bloodstream infection. | candida glabrata is a common cause of bloodstream infection (bsi) and exhibits decreased susceptibility to fluconazole. we sought to determine whether patients with c. glabrata infection were at increased risk of inappropriate initial therapy and mortality compared with the more fluconazole-susceptible species candida albicans by performing a matched case-control study using the prospective antifungal therapy alliance registry of invasive fungal infections. c. glabrata bsi patients were matched ... | 2009 | 19376667 |