| [progress in proteomic study of the penicillin producer---penicillium chrysogenum]. | penicillin is a kind of β-lactam drug which has been applied in the clinical treatment firstly in the world, and it has still been widely used at present. the synthesis and regulation mechanism of penicillium chrysogenum, which is used to produce penicillin, has been studied quite maturely, but its proteomics research started relatively late and fewer reports were published. this paper reviews the synthesis and application of penicillin, transformation of penicillium chrysogenum, and the researc ... | 2015 | 27079113 |
| crispr/cas9 based genome editing of penicillium chrysogenum. | crispr/cas9 based systems have emerged as versatile platforms for precision genome editing in a wide range of organisms. here we have developed powerful crispr/cas9 tools for marker-based and marker-free genome modifications in penicillium chrysogenum, a model filamentous fungus and industrially relevant cell factory. the developed crispr/cas9 toolbox is highly flexible and allows editing of new targets with minimal cloning efforts. the cas9 protein and the sgrna can be either delivered during t ... | 2016 | 27072635 |
| penimethavone a, a flavone from a gorgonian-derived fungus penicillium chrysogenum. | a novel flavone, penimethavone a (1), possessing a rare unique methyl group at ring-b, was isolated from the fungus penicillium chrysogenum cultured from a gorgonian carijoa sp. collected from the south china sea. the structure was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with related known compound. compound 1 showed selective and moderate cytotoxicity against cervical cancer (hela) and rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines with ic50 values of 8.41 and 8.18 μm, respectively. | 2016 | 26998621 |
| comprehensive profiling of proteome changes provide insights of industrial penicillium chrysogenum during pilot and industrial penicillin g fermentation. | the intracellular proteomes of the penicillium chrysogenum throughout pilot and industrial processes were investigated by using 2-de combined with maldi-tof-tof ms, respectively. we detected a total of 223 spots corresponding to 154 proteins and 231 spots corresponding to 157 proteins throughout pilot and industrial processes, respectively. the levels of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase increased (5.1- and 2.5-fold) under the pilot process, while its levels were no significant changes un ... | 2016 | 26961188 |
| at-line determination of spore inoculum quality in penicillium chrysogenum bioprocesses. | spore inoculum quality in filamentous bioprocesses is a critical parameter influencing pellet morphology and, consequently, process performance. it is essential to determine the concentration of viable spores before inoculation, to implement quality control and decrease batch-to-batch variability. the ability to assess the spore physiologic status with close-to-real time resolution would offer interesting perspectives enhanced process analytical technology (pat) and quality by design (qbd) strat ... | 2016 | 26820651 |
| role of penicillium chrysogenum xj-1 in the detoxification and bioremediation of cadmium. | microbial bioremediation is a promising technology to treat heavy metal-contaminated soils. however, the efficiency of filamentous fungi as bioremediation agents remains unknown, and the detoxification mechanism of heavy metals by filamentous fungi remains unclear. therefore, in this study, we investigated the cell morphology and antioxidant systems of penicillium chrysogenum xj-1 in response to different cadmium (cd) concentrations (0-10 mm) by using physico-chemical and biochemical methods. cd ... | 2015 | 26733967 |
| effects of penicillium chrysogenum var. halophenolicum on kraft lignin: color stabilization and cytotoxicity evaluation. | wood industries and agricultural crops generate an inexhaustible supply of by-products like lignin, which constitutes an environmental problem. increasing efforts have been done to find new applications for lignin. one of them is as a food additive, but its chemical nature makes it sensitive to browning which constitutes a major drawback for this type of lignin application. in the present study we are documenting how color stabilization of a commercial kraft lignin was achieved after the treatme ... | 2016 | 28330172 |
| the indole alkaloid meleagrin, from the olive tree endophytic fungus penicillium chrysogenum, as a novel lead for the control of c-met-dependent breast cancer proliferation, migration and invasion. | fungi of the genus penicillium produce unique and chemically diverse biologically active secondary metabolites, including indole alkaloids. the role of dysregulated hepatocyte growth factor (hgf) and its receptor, c-met, in the development and progression of breast carcinoma is documented. the goal of this work is to explore the chemistry and bioactivity of the secondary metabolites of the endophytic penicillium chrysogenum cultured from the leaf of the olive tree olea europea, collected in its ... | 2016 | 26692349 |
| characterization of a novel 8r,11s-linoleate diol synthase from penicillium chrysogenum by identification of its enzymatic products. | to identify novel fatty acid diol synthases, putative candidate sequences from penicillium species were analyzed, and hydroxy fatty acid production by crude penicillium enzyme extracts was assessed. penicillium chrysogenum was found to produce an unknown dihydroxy fatty acid, a candidate gene implicated in this production was cloned and expressed, and the expressed enzyme was purified. the product obtained by the reaction of the purified enzyme with linoleic acid was identified as 8r,11s-dihydro ... | 2016 | 26681780 |
| evolutionary formation of gene clusters by reorganization: the meleagrin/roquefortine paradigm in different fungi. | the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in fungi is catalyzed by enzymes encoded by genes linked in clusters that are frequently co-regulated at the transcriptional level. formation of gene clusters may take place by de novo assembly of genes recruited from other cellular functions, but also novel gene clusters are formed by reorganization of progenitor clusters and are distributed by horizontal gene transfer. this article reviews (i) the published information on the roquefortine/meleagrin/neo ... | 2016 | 26668029 |
| untargeted metabolic profiling of winery-derived biomass waste degradation by penicillium chrysogenum. | winery-derived biomass waste was degraded by penicillium chrysogenum under solid state fermentation over 8 days in a (2)h2o-supplemented medium. multivariate statistical analysis of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) data resulted in the identification of 94 significant metabolites, within 28 different metabolic pathways. the majority of biomass sugars were utilized by day 4 to yield products such as sugars, fatty acids, isoprenoids, and amino acids. the fungus was observed to meta ... | 2015 | 26611372 |
| high throughput de novo rna sequencing elucidates novel responses in penicillium chrysogenum under microgravity. | in this study, the transcriptional alterations in penicillium chrysogenum under simulated microgravity conditions were analyzed for the first time using an rna-seq method. the increasing plethora of eukaryotic microbial flora inside the spaceship demands the basic understanding of fungal biology in the absence of gravity vector. penicillium species are second most dominant fungal contaminant in international space station. penicillium chrysogenum an industrially important organism also has the p ... | 2016 | 26603994 |
| genomic mutational analysis of the impact of the classical strain improvement program on β-lactam producing penicillium chrysogenum. | penicillium chrysogenum is a filamentous fungus that is employed as an industrial producer of β-lactams. the high β-lactam titers of current strains is the result of a classical strain improvement program (csi) starting with a wild-type like strain more than six decades ago. this involved extensive mutagenesis and strain selection for improved β-lactam titers and growth characteristics. however, the impact of the csi on the secondary metabolism in general remains unknown. | 2015 | 26572918 |
| molecular characterization of patulin producing and non-producing penicillium species in apples from morocco. | the isolation of patulin-producing penicillia in apples collected in different markets in four localities in morocco is reported. fungi were identified by β-tubulin sequencing and further characterized using a specific pcr-based method targeting the isoepoxydon dehydrogenase (idh) gene to discriminate between patulin-producing and non-producing strains. production of patulin was also evaluated using standard cultural and biochemical methods. results showed that 79.5% of contaminant fungi belonge ... | 2016 | 26513254 |
| enhanced production of polygalacturonase in solid-state fermentation: selection of the process conditions, isolation and partial characterization of the enzyme. | polygalacturonase (pg) production by penicillium chrysogenum during solid-state fermentation was accompanied by decomposition of orange peels. a leaching procedure was developed through the selection of solvent, time and intensity of stirring. a maximum pg activity was observed after 48 h peel inoculation. further cultivation decreased the enzyme activity significantly, up to 60% of the maximum pg activity. during fermentation, a rapid acidification of the solid medium which inhibited the pectin ... | 2015 | 26505127 |
| in vivo kinetic analysis of the penicillin biosynthesis pathway using paa stimulus response experiments. | in this study we combined experimentation with mathematical modeling to unravel the in vivo kinetic properties of the enzymes and transporters of the penicillin biosynthesis pathway in a high yielding penicillium chrysogenum strain. the experiment consisted of a step response experiment with the side chain precursor phenyl acetic acid (paa) in a glucose-limited chemostat. the metabolite data showed that in the absence of paa all penicillin pathway enzymes were expressed, leading to the productio ... | 2015 | 26476338 |
| increased chitin biosynthesis contributes to the resistance of penicillium polonicum against the antifungal protein pgafp. | antifungal proteins from molds have been proposed as a valuable tool against unwanted molds, but the resistance of some fungi limits their use. resistance to antimicrobial peptides has been suggested to be due to lack of interaction with the mold or to a successful response. the antifungal protein pgafp produced by penicillium chrysogenum inhibits the growth of various ascomycetes, but not penicillium polonicum. to study the basis for resistance to this antifungal protein, localization of pgafp ... | 2016 | 26446386 |
| observability analysis of biochemical process models as a valuable tool for the development of mechanistic soft sensors. | by enabling the estimation of difficult-to-measure target variables using available indirect measurements, mechanistic soft sensors have become important tools for various bioprocess monitoring and control scenarios. despite promising higher process efficiencies and increased process understanding, widespread application of soft sensors has been stalled by uncertainty about the feasibility and reliability of their estimations given present process analytical constraints. observability analysis c ... | 2016 | 26404038 |
| sensitization rates for various allergens in children with allergic rhinitis in qingdao, china. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sensitization to common allergens in children with allergic rhinitis (ar) living in qingdao, china. we conducted a retrospective analysis for ar cases, who underwent skin prick tests (spt) in qingdao. a total of 2841 children with ar qualified for the inclusion criteria (age 3-5 years: 1500 children; age 6-12 years: 1341 children). the most common inhaled allergens to which the ar children were sensitive were dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ... | 2015 | 26371014 |
| enhanced production of α-amylase by penicillium chrysogenum in liquid culture by modifying the process parameters. | in this paper, we have assessed the role of changing physicochemical parameters and substrate types on the production of α-amylase enzyme from penicillium chrysogenum, with a view to determining the optimal conditions required for its maximum production. the findings of this research revealed that, at ph 6 using linseed oil cake as substratum, α-amylase enzyme production was maximum (550.0 u/ml), when the fungi was incubated for 6 days at 30 °c in 0.1 m acetate buffer. further, reasonably good p ... | 2015 | 26220910 |
| penicillium chrysogenum as a model system for studying cellular effects of methylglyoxal. | α-oxoaldehydes are formed as toxic by-products during metabolic activity. the biologically most important compound of this class, methylglyoxal, results from spontaneous phosphate elimination from dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate which are intermediate glycolysis products. methylglyoxal-mediated modification of lipids, nucleic acids and proteins is known to lead to the formation of advanced glycation end products. these modifications contribute to the aetiology of severe ... | 2015 | 26156309 |
| computing the various pathways of penicillin synthesis and their molar yields. | more than 80 years after its discovery, penicillin is still a widely used and commercially highly important antibiotic. here, we analyse the metabolic network of penicillin synthesis in penicillium chrysogenum based on the concept of elementary flux modes. in particular, we consider the synthesis of the invariant molecular core of the various subtypes of penicillin and the two major ways of incorporating sulfur: transsulfuration and direct sulfhydrylation. 66 elementary modes producing this inva ... | 2016 | 26134880 |
| pcfkh1, a novel regulatory factor from the forkhead family, controls the biosynthesis of penicillin in penicillium chrysogenum. | penicillin biosynthesis in penicillium chrysogenum (re-identified as penicillium rubens) is a good example of a biological process subjected to complex global regulatory networks and serves as a model to study fungal secondary metabolism. the winged-helix family of transcription factors recently described, which includes the forkhead type of proteins, is a key type of regulatory proteins involved in this process. in yeasts and humans, forkhead transcription factors are involved in different proc ... | 2015 | 26049046 |
| a natural short pathway synthesizes roquefortine c but not meleagrin in three different penicillium roqueforti strains. | the production of mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites in penicillium roqueforti is of great interest because of its long history of use in blue-veined cheese manufacture. in this article, we report the cloning and characterization of the roquefortine gene cluster in three different p. roqueforti strains isolated from blue cheese in the usa (the type strain), france, and the uk (cheshire cheese). all three strains showed an identical roquefortine gene cluster organization and almost identi ... | 2015 | 25998659 |
| sexual recombination as a tool for engineering industrial penicillium chrysogenum strains. | the recent discovery and functional characterization of opposite mating-type loci in the industrial penicillin producer penicillium chrysogenum demonstrated their regulatory role in sexual as well as asexual development. subsequent experiments further showed that a sexual life cycle can be induced in p. chrysogenum that was for long believed to reproduce exclusively by asexual propagation. finally, crossing of wild type and production strains resulted in the generation of recombinant ascospore i ... | 2015 | 25993917 |
| dicer-dependent biogenesis of small rnas and evidence for microrna-like rnas in the penicillin producing fungus penicillium chrysogenum. | micrornas (mirnas) are non-coding small rnas (srnas) that regulate gene expression in a wide range of eukaryotes. in this study, we analyzed regulatory srnas in penicillium chrysogenum, the industrial producer of the β-lactam antibiotic penicillin. to identify srnas and microrna-like rnas (milrnas) on a global approach, two srna sequencing libraries were constructed. one library was created with pooled total rna, obtained from twelve differently grown cultures (rna mix), and the other with total ... | 2015 | 25955857 |
| growth inhibition and stability of pgafp from penicillium chrysogenum against fungi common on dry-ripened meat products. | dry-ripened foods favor the development of a superficial fungal population that may include toxigenic molds. to combat unwanted molds, an antifungal protein from penicillium chrysogenum (pgafp) can be useful. the aim of the present work was to study the antimicrobial activity of pgafp against microorganisms common in dry-ripened foods, and to evaluate its sensitivity to proteolytic enzymes and heat treatments that may be applied to foods, as well as to different ph values. the inhibitory effect ... | 2015 | 25874751 |
| a mutasynthesis approach with a penicillium chrysogenum δroqa strain yields new roquefortine d analogues. | penicillium chrysogenum, which lacks the roqa gene, processes synthetic, exogenously added histidyltryptophanyldiketopiperazine (htd) to yield a set of roquefortine-based secondary metabolites also produced by the wild-type strain. feeding a number of synthetic htd analogues to the δroqa strain gives rise to the biosynthesis of a number of new roquefortine d derivatives, depending on the nature of the synthetic htd added. besides delivering semisynthetic roquefortine analogues, the mutasynthesis ... | 2015 | 25766600 |
| errata to "reminiscence of phospholipase b in penicillium notatum". | | 2015 | 25743064 |
| analysis of autophagy in penicillium chrysogenum by using starvation pads in combination with fluorescence microscopy. | the study of cellular quality control systems has emerged as a highly dynamic and relevant field of contemporary research. it has become clear that cells possess several lines of defense against damage to biologically relevant molecules like nucleic acids, lipids and proteins. in addition to organelle dynamics (fusion/fission/motility/inheritance) and tightly controlled protease activity, the degradation of surplus, damaged or compromised organelles by autophagy (cellular 'self-eating') has rece ... | 2015 | 25741895 |
| screening, morphological and molecular characterization of fungi producing cystathionine γ-lyase. | the potency for production of cystathionine γ-lyase (cgl) by the fungal isolates was screened. among the tested twenty-two isolates, aspergillus carneus was the potent cgl producer (6.29 u/mg), followed by a. ochraceous (6.03 u/mg), a. versicolor (2.51 u/mg), a. candidus (2.12 u/mg), a. niveus and penicillium notatum (2.0 u/mg). the potent six isolates producing cgl was characterized morphologically, a. carneus kf723837 was further molecularly characterized based on the sequence of 18s-28s rdna. ... | 2015 | 25740443 |
| genome-wide identification of target genes of a mating-type α-domain transcription factor reveals functions beyond sexual development. | penicillium chrysogenum is the main industrial producer of the β-lactam antibiotic penicillin, the most commonly used drug in the treatment of bacterial infections. recently, a functional mat1-1 locus encoding the α-box transcription factor mat1-1-1 was discovered to control sexual development in p. chrysogenum. as only little was known from any organism about the regulatory functions mediated by mat1-1-1, we applied chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with next-generation sequencing (chip-se ... | 2015 | 25728030 |
| fungal morphology in industrial enzyme production--modelling and monitoring. | filamentous fungi are widely used in the biotechnology industry for the production of industrial enzymes. thus, considerable work has been done with the purpose of characterizing these processes. the ultimate goal of these efforts is to be able to control and predict fermentation performance on the basis of "standardized" measurements in terms of morphology, rheology, viscosity, mass transfer and productivity. however, because the variables are connected or dependent on each other, this task is ... | 2015 | 25724310 |
| penicitols a-c and penixanacid a from the mangrove-derived penicillium chrysogenum hdn11-24. | three new citrinin analogues, penicitols a-c (1-3), and one new xanthone derivative, penixanacid a (4), together with four known biogenetically related compounds (5-8), were discovered from the extract of a mangrove-derived fungus, penicillium chrysogenum hnd11-24. the structures of penicitols a-c and penixanacid a were established through analysis of extensive spectroscopic data. their cytotoxic activity against hela, bel-7402, hek-293, hct-116, and a549 cell lines was evaluated. | 2015 | 25611519 |
| pyomelanin production in penicillium chrysogenum is stimulated by l-tyrosine. | from a tomb in upper egypt we isolated a strain of penicillium chrysogenum that was capable of producing brown pigment in vitro when grown in a minimal salts medium containing tyrosine. we present evidence that this pigment is a pyomelanin, a compound that is known to assist in the survival of some micro-organisms in adverse environments. we tested type strains of pe. chrysogenum, which were also able to produce this pigment under similar conditions. inhibitors of the dhn and dopa melanin pathwa ... | 2015 | 25568259 |
| microarray hybridization analysis of light-dependent gene expression in penicillium chrysogenum identifies bzip transcription factor pcatfa. | the fungal velvet complex is a light-dependent master regulator of secondary metabolism and development in the major penicillin producer, penicillium chrysogenum. however, the light-dependent mechanism is unclear. to identify velvet-dependent transcriptional regulators that show light-regulated expression, we performed microarray hybridizations with rna isolated from p. chrysogenum δpcku70 cultures grown under 13 different long-term, light-dependent growth conditions. we compared these expressio ... | 2015 | 25557366 |
| a kinetic study of textile dyeing wastewater degradation by penicillium chrysogenum. | the potential of penicillium chrysogenum to decolorize azo dyes and a real industrial textile wastewater was studied. p. chrysogenum was able to decolorize and degrade three azo dyes (200 mg l(-1)), either independently or in a mixture of them, using glucose as a carbon source. a kinetic model for degradation was developed and it allowed predicting the degradation kinetics of the mixture of the three azo dyes. in addition, p. chrysogenum was able to decolorize real industrial wastewater. the kin ... | 2015 | 25555702 |
| transformation of waste cooking oil into c-18 fatty acids using a novel lipase produced by penicillium chrysogenum through solid state fermentation. | the prime aim of the current work was to illustrate the components existing in repeatedly used cooking oil and to develop an economical process for the production of fatty acids from low cost feedstock waste. the waste cooking oil was characterized by the occurrence of high molecular weight hydrocarbons and polymerized derivative of esters. triacontanoic acid methyl ester, 2,3,5,8-tetramethyldecane, 3,3 dimethyl heptane, and 2,2,3,3-teramethyl pentane were detected as thermal and oxidative conta ... | 2015 | 28324521 |
| a mat1-2 wild-type strain from penicillium chrysogenum: functional mating-type locus characterization, genome sequencing and mating with an industrial penicillin-producing strain. | in heterothallic ascomycetes, mating is controlled by two nonallelic idiomorphs that determine the 'sex' of the corresponding strains. we recently discovered mating-type loci and a sexual life cycle in the penicillin-producing fungus, penicillium chrysogenum. all industrial penicillin production strains worldwide are derived from a mat1-1 isolate. no mat1-2 strain has been investigated in detail until now. here, we provide the first functional analysis of a mat1-2 locus from a wild-type strain. ... | 2015 | 25521009 |
| yeast hxk2 gene reverts glucose regulation mutation of penicillin biosynthesis in p. chrysogenum. | the mutant penicillium chrysogenum strain dogr5, derived from strain as-p-78, does not respond to glucose regulation of penicillin biosynthesis and β-galactosidase, and is partially deficient in d-glucose phosphorilating activity. we have transformed strain dogr5 with the (hexokinase) hxk2 gene from saccharomyces cerevisiae. transformants recovered glucose control of penicillin biosynthesis in different degrees, and acquired a hexokinase (fructose phosphorylating) activity absent in strains as- ... | 2014 | 25477921 |
| the development of an industrial-scale fed-batch fermentation simulation. | this paper describes a simulation of an industrial-scale fed-batch fermentation that can be used as a benchmark in process systems analysis and control studies. the simulation was developed using a mechanistic model and validated using historical data collected from an industrial-scale penicillin fermentation process. each batch was carried out in a 100,000 l bioreactor that used an industrial strain of penicillium chrysogenum. the manipulated variables recorded during each batch were used as in ... | 2015 | 25449107 |
| intact cell mass spectrometry as a progress tracking tool for batch and fed-batch fermentation processes. | penicillin production during a fermentation process using industrial strains of penicillium chrysogenum is a research topic permanently discussed since the accidental discovery of the antibiotic. intact cell mass spectrometry (icms) can be a fast and novel monitoring tool for the fermentation progress during penicillin v production in a nearly real-time fashion. this method is already used for the characterization of microorganisms and the differentiation of fungal strains; therefore, the applic ... | 2015 | 25447465 |
| reminiscence of phospholipase b in penicillium notatum. | since the phospholipase b (plb) was reported as a deacylase of both lecithin and lysolecithin yielding fatty acids and glycerophosphocholine (gpc), there was a question as to whether it is a single enzyme or a mixture of a phospholipase a2 (pla2) and a lysophospholipase (lpl). we purified the plb in penicillium notatum and showed that it catalyzed deacylation of sn-1 and sn-2 fatty acids of 1,2-diacylphospholipids and also sn-1 or sn-2 fatty acids of 1- or 2-monoacylphospholipids (lysophospholip ... | 2014 | 25391318 |
| purification and immobilization of l-arginase from thermotolerant penicillium chrysogenum kj185377.1; with unique kinetic properties as thermostable anticancer enzyme. | l-arginase, hydrolyzing l-arginine to l-ornithine and urea, is a powerful anticancer, l-arginine-depleting agent, against argininosuccinate synthase expressing tumors. otherwise, the higher antigenicity and lower thermal stability of this enzyme was the main biochemical hurdles. since, the intrinsic thermal stability of enzymes follow the physiological temperature of their producer, thus, characterization of l-arginase from thermotolerant penicillium chrysogenum was the objective of this study. ... | 2014 | 25322968 |
| metdfba: incorporating time-resolved metabolomics measurements into dynamic flux balance analysis. | understanding cellular adaptation to environmental changes is one of the major challenges in systems biology. to understand how cellular systems react towards perturbations of their steady state, the metabolic dynamics have to be described. dynamic properties can be studied with kinetic models but development of such models is hampered by limited in vivo information, especially kinetic parameters. therefore, there is a need for mathematical frameworks that use a minimal amount of kinetic informa ... | 2015 | 25315283 |
| sacrolide a, a new antimicrobial and cytotoxic oxylipin macrolide from the edible cyanobacterium aphanothece sacrum. | macroscopic gelatinous colonies of freshwater cyanobacterium aphanothece sacrum, a luxury ingredient for japanese cuisine, were found to contain a new oxylipin-derived macrolide, sacrolide a (1), as an antimicrobial component. the configuration of two chiral centers in 1 was determined by a combination of chiral anisotropy analysis and conformational analysis of different ring-opened derivatives. compound 1 inhibited the growth of some species of gram-positive bacteria, yeast saccharomyces cerev ... | 2014 | 25161741 |
| complete sequencing and chromosome-scale genome assembly of the industrial progenitor strain p2niad18 from the penicillin producer penicillium chrysogenum. | penicillium chrysogenum is the major industrial producer of the β-lactam antibiotic penicillin. here, we report the complete genome sequence of the industrial progenitor strain p. chrysogenum p2niad18 in a chromosome-scale genome assembly. p2niad18 is distinguished from the recently sequenced p. chrysogenum wisconsin 54-1255 strain by major chromosomal rearrangements leading to a modified chromosomal architecture. | 2014 | 25059858 |
| cloning, recombinant expression and characterization of a new phytase from penicillium chrysogenum. | the phy gene, which encodes a phytase in penicillium chrysogenum cct 1273, was cloned into the vector pan-52-1-phy and the resulting plasmid was used for the cotransformation of penicillium griseoroseum pg63 protoplasts. among the 91 transformants obtained, 23 were cotransformants. from there, the phytase activity of these 23 transformants was evaluated and p. griseoroseum t73 showed the highest. the recombinant strain p. griseoroseum t73 contained the phy gene integrated in at least three sites ... | 2015 | 25023696 |
| assessing the allergenic potential of molds found in water-damaged homes in a mouse model. | damp/moldy indoor environments, which have resulted from flooding events and may increase as a result of climate change, have been associated with asthma exacerbation. certain molds found in significantly higher or lower concentrations in asthmatics' homes compared to control homes have been categorized as group 1 (g1) and group 2 (g2) molds, respectively. we have compared the allergic potential of selected g1/g2 molds to house dust mite (hdm) in a mouse model. balb/c mice were exposed to mold ( ... | 2014 | 24987979 |
| a non-canonical nrps is involved in the synthesis of fungisporin and related hydrophobic cyclic tetrapeptides in penicillium chrysogenum. | the filamentous fungus penicillium chrysogenum harbors an astonishing variety of nonribosomal peptide synthetase genes, which encode proteins known to produce complex bioactive metabolites from simple building blocks. here we report a novel non-canonical tetra-modular nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) with microheterogenicity of all involved adenylation domains towards their respective substrates. by deleting the putative gene in combination with comparative metabolite profiling various uni ... | 2014 | 24887561 |
| a novel low-temperature-active pectin methylesterase from penicillium chrysogenum f46 with high efficiency in fruit firming. | a pectin methylesterase gene (pe8f46) was cloned from penicillium chrysogenum f46 and successfully expressed in pichia pastoris. the full-length cdna consists of 969 bp and encodes a 322-residue polypeptide with the calculated molecular weight of 34.1 kda. deduced pe8f46 belongs to family 8 of carbohydrate esterases and shares 54% identity with a functionally characterised counterpart from myceliophthora thermophile. purified recombinant pe8f46 showed the optimal activity at ph 5.0 and 40°c, and ... | 2014 | 24874380 |
| structural variation among wild and industrial strains of penicillium chrysogenum. | strain selection and strain improvement are the first, and arguably most important, steps in the industrial production of biological compounds by microorganisms. while traditional methods of mutagenesis and selection have been effective in improving production of compounds at a commercial scale, the genetic changes underpinning the altered phenotypes have remained largely unclear. we utilized high-throughput illumina short read sequencing of a wild penicillium chrysogenum strain in order to make ... | 2014 | 24824901 |
| a novel gh43 α-l-arabinofuranosidase of penicillium chrysogenum that preferentially degrades single-substituted arabinosyl side chains in arabinan. | we previously described three α-l-arabinofuranosidases (abfs) secreted by penicillium chrysogenum 31b. here, we purified a fourth abf, termed pcabf43a, from the culture filtrate. the molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 31kda. pcabf43a had the highest activity at 35°c and at around ph 5. the enzyme activity was strong on sugar beet l-arabinan but weak on debranched arabinan and arabinoxylan. low molecular-mass substrates such as p-nitrophenyl α-l-arabinofuranoside, α-1,5-l-arabinooli ... | 2014 | 24731829 |
| molys2 is necessary for growth, conidiogenesis, lysine biosynthesis, and pathogenicity in magnaporthe oryzae. | amino acid biosyntheses are complex but essential processes in growth and differentiation of eukaryotic cells. in the budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, the lysine biosynthesis via the α-aminoadipate (aa) pathway involves several steps, including reduction of aa to aa 6-semialdehyde by aa reductase sclys2. in filamentous fungus penicillium chrysogenum, disruption of the lys2 gene blocked the lysine biosynthesis but promoted the production of the secondary metabolite penicillin. in compariso ... | 2014 | 24731804 |
| improved sample preparation for intact cell mass spectrometry (biotyping) of mycelium samples taken from a batch fermentation process of penicillium chrysogenum. | penicillium chrysogenum is an important species in biotechnology and an improved production rate for penicillin drug variants is of utmost interest. intact cell mass spectrometry (icms) or biotyping can be a novel and time-saving tool to monitor a fermentation process of penicillium strains for fast intervention during penicillin production. | 2014 | 24623701 |
| synthesis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of pyrimidinyl benzoxazole, benzothiazole and benzimidazole. | a variety of pyrimidinyl benzoxazoles, benzothiazoles and benzimidazoles linked by thio, methylthio and amino moieties were prepared and studied their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. the compound pyrimidinyl bis methylthio benzimidazole 22 was a potent antimicrobial agent particularly against staphylococcus aureus (29 mm, mic 12.5 μg/ml) and penicillium chrysogenum (38 mm, mic 12.5 μg/ml). the amino linked pyrimidinyl bis benzothiazole 24 exhibited cytotoxic activity on a549 cells with i ... | 2014 | 24607584 |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate oxidative stress induced by ador and enhance antioxidant responses of tomato plants. | the behaviour of tomato plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi grown in the presence of aqueous extracts from dry olive residue (ador) was studied in order to understand how this symbiotic relationship helps plants to cope with oxidative stress caused by ador. the influence of am symbiosis on plant growth and other physiological parameters was also studied. tomato plants were inoculated with the am fungus funneliformis mosseae and were grown in the presence of ador bioremediate ... | 2014 | 24594394 |
| purification and biochemical characterization of a novel alkaline protease produced by penicillium nalgiovense. | penicillium nalgiovense pna9 produces an extracellular protease during fermentation with characteristics of growth-associated product. enzyme purification involved ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and ultrafiltration, resulting in 12.1-fold increase of specific activity (19.5 u/mg). the protein was isolated through a series of bn-page and native page runs. esi-ms analysis confirmed the molecular mass of 45.2 kda. n-terminal sequencing (mgflkllkgslatlavvnagklltandgde) revealed 93 % simil ... | 2014 | 24585382 |
| genome sequencing of high-penicillin producing industrial strain of penicillium chrysogenum. | due to the importance of penicillium chrysogenum holding in medicine, the genome of low-penicillin producing laboratorial strain wisconsin54-1255 had been sequenced and fully annotated. through classical mutagenesis of wisconsin54-1255, product titers and productivities of penicillin have dramatically increased, but what underlying genome structural variations is still little known. therefore, genome sequencing of a high-penicillin producing industrial strain is very meaningful. | 2014 | 24564352 |
| genomic characteristics and comparative genomics analysis of penicillium chrysogenum kf-25. | penicillium chrysogenum has been used in producing penicillin and derived β-lactam antibiotics for many years. although the genome of the mutant strain p. chrysogenum wisconsin 54-1255 has already been sequenced, the versatility and genetic diversity of this species still needs to be intensively studied. in this study, the genome of the wild-type p. chrysogenum strain kf-25, which has high activity against ustilaginoidea virens, was sequenced and characterized. | 2014 | 24555742 |
| new insights into the isopenicillin n transport in penicillium chrysogenum. | in penicillium chrysogenum the beta-lactam biosynthetic pathway is compartmentalized. this fact forces the occurrence of transport processes of penicillin-intermediate molecules across cell membranes. many aspects around this molecular traffic remain obscure but are supposed to involve transmembrane transporter proteins. in the present work, an in-depth study has been developed on a major facilitator-type secondary transporter from p. chrysogenum named as penm. the reduction of penm expression l ... | 2014 | 24480587 |
| expression, characterization and homology modeling of a novel eukaryotic gh84 β-n-acetylglucosaminidase from penicillium chrysogenum. | β-n-acetylglucosaminidases from the family 84 of glycoside hydrolases form a small group of glycosidases in eukaryotes responsible for the modification of nuclear and cytosolic proteins with o-glcnac, thus they are involved in a number of important cell processes. here, the first fungal β-n-acetylglucosaminidase from penicillium chrysogenum was expressed in pichia pastoris and secreted into the media, purified and characterized. moreover, homology modeling and substrate and inhibitor docking wer ... | 2014 | 24434566 |
| prelude to rational scale-up of penicillin production: a scale-down study. | penicillin is one of the best known pharmaceuticals and is also an important member of the β-lactam antibiotics. over the years, ambitious yields, titers, productivities, and low costs in the production of the β-lactam antibiotics have been stepwise realized through successive rounds of strain improvement and process optimization. penicillium chrysogenum was proven to be an ideal cell factory for the production of penicillin, and successful approaches were exploited to elevate the production tit ... | 2014 | 24413978 |
| determination of the effects of initial glucose on the production of α-amylase from penicillium sp. under solid-state and submerged fermentation. | the effects of catabolite repression of initial glucose on the synthesis of α-amylase from penicillium chrysogenum and penicillium griseofulvum were investigated under solid-state fermentation (ssf) and submerged fermentation (smf) systems. the results obtained from either fermentation were compared with each other. in the smf system, initial glucose concentration above 10 mg/ml completely repressed the production of α-amylase from p. chrysogenum and p. griseofulvum. however, the repression in t ... | 2014 | 26019493 |
| detergent-like stressor and nutrient in metabolism of penicillium chrysogenum. | the influence of detergents on the metabolism of penicillium chrysogenum from two aspects, as a stress factor and potential nutrient, was studied. the fungus was isolated from the river bed lepenica, kragujevac, at a place where sewage domestic wastewater discharged into the river. the fungus was grown in a liquid nutrient medium according to czapek with and without addition of commercial detergent (merix, henkel, serbia) at a concentration of 0.3% and 0.5%. the biochemical changes of ph, redox ... | 2014 | 26019487 |
| flux response of glycolysis and storage metabolism during rapid feast/famine conditions in penicillium chrysogenum using dynamic (13)c labeling. | the scale-up of fermentation processes frequently leads to a reduced productivity compared to small-scale screening experiments. large-scale mixing limitations that lead to gradients in substrate and oxygen availability could influence the microorganism performance. here, the impact of substrate gradients on a penicillin g producing penicillium chrysogenum cultivation was analyzed using an intermittent glucose feeding regime. the intermittent feeding led to fluctuations in the extracellular gluc ... | 2014 | 24376125 |
| compartmentalization in penicillin g biosynthesis by penicillium chrysogenum pq-96. | the arrangement of organelles in the sub-apical productive non-growing vacuolated hyphal cells of the high- and the low-penicillin-pro- ducing strains penicillium chrysogenum was compared using transmission electron microscopy. in the productive cells of the high-yielding strain the endoplasmic reticulum and the polyribosomes with associated peroxisomes are frequently arranged at the periphery of the cytoplasm and around the vacuoles. at the high activity of penicillin g biosynthesis the immuno- ... | 2014 | 25804059 |
| [formation of trans-1,3-pentadiene in off-flavor food]. | the purpose of the present study is to investigate the production of trans-1,3-pentadiene in a sorbic acid-containing food which was the subject of a complaint that it was off-flavor. penicillium sp. was isolated from the off-flavor food. the isolated penicillium sp. was identified as penicillium chrysogenum by dna sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region and the d1/d2 region of the 28s subunit. when p. chrysogenum was cultured in the presence of potassium sorbate, trans-1,3-pentadie ... | 2014 | 25743384 |
| purification and characterization of tannin acyl hydrolase produced by mixed solid state fermentation of wheat bran and marigold flower by penicillium notatum ncim 923. | tannin acyl hydrolase produced extracellularly by the fungal strain penicillium notatum ncim 923 in mixed solid state fermentation of wheat bran and marigold flower in the ratio 4 : 1 was purified from the cell-free extract broth by ammonium sulphate fractionation followed by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose column chromatography. tannase was purified by 19.89-fold with yield of 11.77%. the specific activity of crude tannase was found to be 1.31 u/mg protein while that of purified tannase was 22.48 u ... | 2013 | 24350277 |
| isolation and characterization of antibacterial compound from a mangrove-endophytic fungus, penicillium chrysogenum mtcc 5108. | microorganisms, especially endophytic fungi that reside in the tissue of living mangrove plants, seem to play a major role in meeting the general demand for new biologically active substances. during the course of screening for biologically active secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms, an antibiotic compound containing an indole and a diketopiperazine moiety was isolated from the culture medium of penicillium chrysogenum, (mtcc 5108), an endophytic fungus on the mangrove plant portere ... | 2012 | 24293720 |
| molecular characterization of the pr-toxin gene cluster in penicillium roqueforti and penicillium chrysogenum: cross talk of secondary metabolite pathways. | the pr-toxin is a potent mycotoxin produced by penicillium roqueforti in moulded grains and grass silages and may contaminate blue-veined cheese. the pr-toxin derives from the 15 carbon atoms sesquiterpene aristolochene formed by the aristolochene synthase (encoded by ari1). we have cloned and sequenced a four gene cluster that includes the ari1 gene from p. roqueforti. gene silencing of each of the four genes (named prx1 to prx4) resulted in a reduction of 65-75% in the production of pr-toxin i ... | 2014 | 24239699 |
| novel key metabolites reveal further branching of the roquefortine/meleagrin biosynthetic pathway. | metabolic profiling and structural elucidation of novel secondary metabolites obtained from derived deletion strains of the filamentous fungus penicillium chrysogenum were used to reassign various previously ascribed synthetase genes of the roquefortine/meleagrin pathway to their corresponding products. next to the structural characterization of roquefortine f and neoxaline, which are for the first time reported for p. chrysogenum, we identified the novel metabolite roquefortine l, including its ... | 2013 | 24225953 |
| identification of microrna-like rnas in mycelial and yeast phases of the thermal dimorphic fungus penicillium marneffei. | penicillium marneffei is the most important thermal dimorphic fungus causing systemic mycosis in china and southeast asia. while mirnas are increasingly recognized for their roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in animals and plants, mirnas in fungi were less well studied and their potential roles in fungal dimorphism were largely unknown. based on p. marneffei genome sequence, we hypothesize that mirna-like rnas (milrnas) may be expressed in the dimorphic fungus. | 2013 | 23991243 |
| qpcr standard operating procedure for measuring microorganisms in dust from dwellings in large cohort studies. | the aim of the present study was to assess performance, feasibility and relevance of a standard operational procedure (sop) for large-scale use in the microbial analysis of children's indoor environments. we analyzed dust settled on electrostatic dust fall collectors (edcs) by using qpcr which targeted 6 molds, 3 bacteria and 1 mite, chosen for their involvement in allergic or inflammatory processes. six types of commercialized electrostatic wipes were tested for their releasing capacity of fung ... | 2014 | 23973537 |
| pigment production by filamentous fungi on agro-industrial byproducts: an eco-friendly alternative. | the search for new sources of natural pigments has increased, mainly because of the toxic effects caused by synthetic dyes used in food, pharmaceutical, textile, and cosmetic industries. fungi provide a readily available alternative source of natural pigments. in this context, the fungi penicillium chrysogenum ifl1 and ifl2, fusarium graminearum ifl3, monascus purpureus nrrl 1992, and penicillium vasconiae ifl4 were selected as pigments producers. the fungal identification was performed using it ... | 2013 | 23873642 |
| synthesis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of sulfonamidomethane linked heterocycles. | a new class of sulfonamidomethane pyrrolyl-oxadiazoles/thiadiazoles and pyrazolyl-oxadiazoles/thiadiazoles was prepared from arylsulfonylaminoacetic acid hydrazides and e-cinnamic acid. the lead compounds were tested for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. the thiadiazole compounds having chloro substituent on the aromatic ring 4c, 8c and 10c exhibited comparable antibacterial activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa and also antifungal activity against penicillium chrysogenum. the styryl oxa ... | 2013 | 23812397 |
| a branched biosynthetic pathway is involved in production of roquefortine and related compounds in penicillium chrysogenum. | profiling and structural elucidation of secondary metabolites produced by the filamentous fungus penicillium chrysogenum and derived deletion strains were used to identify the various metabolites and enzymatic steps belonging to the roquefortine/meleagrin pathway. major abundant metabolites of this pathway were identified as histidyltryptophanyldiketopiperazine (htd), dehydrohistidyltryptophanyldi-ketopiperazine (dhtd), roquefortine d, roquefortine c, glandicoline a, glandicoline b and meleagrin ... | 2013 | 23776469 |
| simultaneous utilization of glucose and gluconate in penicillium chrysogenum during overflow metabolism. | the filamentous fungus penicillium chrysogenum is one of the most important production organism for β-lactam antibiotics, especially penicillin. a specific feature of p. chrysogenum is the formation of gluconate as the primary overflow metabolite under non-limiting growth on glucose. gluconate can be formed extracellularly by the enzyme glucose oxidase (god) that shows high activities under glucose excess conditions. currently, it is assumed that under these conditions glucose is the preferred c ... | 2013 | 23775209 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of azole derivatives. | a new class of mono and bis heterocycles, sulfonylmethaneamido linked oxazoles, thiazoles, imidazoles, pyrrolyl oxazoles, pyrrolyl thiazoles and pyrrolyl imidazoles were prepared adopting simple and versatile synthetic methodologies. the compound chloro substituted imidazolyl styrylsulfonylacetamide is the most potent antimicrobial agent particularly against pseudomonas aeruginosa and penicillium chrysogenum. | 2013 | 23649194 |
| the inducers 1,3-diaminopropane and spermidine cause the reprogramming of metabolism in penicillium chrysogenum, leading to multiple vesicles and penicillin overproduction. | in this article we studied the differential protein abundance of penicillium chrysogenum in response to either 1,3-diaminopropane (1,3-dap) or spermidine, which behave as inducers of the penicillin production process. proteins were resolved in 2-de gels and identified by tandem ms spectrometry. both inducers produced largely identical changes in the proteome, suggesting that they may be interconverted and act by the same mechanism. the addition of either 1,3-dap or spermidine led to the overrepr ... | 2013 | 23639845 |
| improving penicillin biosynthesis in penicillium chrysogenum by glyoxalase overproduction. | genetic engineering of fungal cell factories mainly focuses on manipulating enzymes of the product pathway or primary metabolism. however, despite the use of strong promoters or strains containing the genes of interest in multiple copies, the desired strongly enhanced enzyme levels are often not obtained. here we present a novel strategy to improve penicillin biosynthesis by penicillium chrysogenum by reducing reactive and toxic metabolic by-products, 2-oxoaldehydes. this was achieved by overexp ... | 2013 | 23608472 |
| sweet wine production by two osmotolerant saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. | the use of saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce sweet wine is difficult because yeast is affected by a hyperosmotic stress due to the high sugar concentrations in the fermenting must. one possible alternative could be the coimmobilization of the osmotolerant yeast strains s. cerevisiae x4 and x5 on penicillium chrysogenum strain h3 (gras) for the partial fermentation of raisin musts. this immobilized has been, namely, as yeast biocapsules. traditional sweet wine (that is, without fermentation of ... | 2013 | 23601087 |
| [hypersensitivity pneumonitis related to penicillium chrysogenum and mesophilic streptomyces: the usefulness of the medical indoor environment councelor (miec)]. | hypersensitivity pneumonitis (hp) occurred after organic antigens inhalation at home is rare and the diagnosis is very often difficult. we report the case of a 55-year male patient with allergic asthma since childhood, well controlled with inhaled corticosteroids, twice hospitalized for respiratory distresses. the patient presented fever (39°c), dry cough, rapidly progressive dyspnea, chest pain and crackles. blood gas analysis found a hypoxemia of 52 mmhg, and ct-scan showed ground glass images ... | 2013 | 23582263 |
| effect of inoculum size and water activity on the time to visible growth of penicillium chrysogenum colony. | in order to assess the effect of the inoculum size on the time to visible growth for penicillium chrysogenum, the correlation described by gonzález et al. (gonzález, h.h.l., resnik, s.l., vaamonde, g., 1987. influence of inoculum size on growth rate and lag phase of fungi isolate from argentine corn. international journal of food microbiology 4, 111-117) was compared to the model introduced by gougouli et al. (gougouli, m., kalantzi, k., beletsiotis, e., koutsoumanis, k.p., 2011. development and ... | 2013 | 23562694 |
| the raven toolbox and its use for generating a genome-scale metabolic model for penicillium chrysogenum. | we present the raven (reconstruction, analysis and visualization of metabolic networks) toolbox: a software suite that allows for semi-automated reconstruction of genome-scale models. it makes use of published models and/or the kegg database, coupled with extensive gap-filling and quality control features. the software suite also contains methods for visualizing simulation results and omics data, as well as a range of methods for performing simulations and analyzing the results. the software is ... | 2013 | 23555215 |
| quantitative quenching evaluation and direct intracellular metabolite analysis in penicillium chrysogenum. | sustained progress in metabolic engineering methodologies has stimulated new efforts toward optimizing fungal production strains such as through metabolite analysis of penicillium chrysogenum industrial-scale processes. accurate intracellular metabolite quantification requires sampling procedures that rapidly stop metabolism (quenching) and avoid metabolite loss via the cell membrane (leakage). when sampling protocols are validated, the quenching efficiency is generally not quantitatively assess ... | 2013 | 23541815 |
| transport of substrates into peroxisomes: the paradigm of β-lactam biosynthetic intermediates. | peroxisomes are ubiquitous organelles that enclose catalases, fatty acid-oxidizing enzymes, and a variety of proteins involved in different cellular processes. interestingly, the late enzymes involved in penicillin biosynthesis, and the isopenicillin n epimerization enzymes involved in cephalosporin biosynthesis are located inside peroxisomes in the producer fungi penicillium chrysogenum and acremonium chrysogenum. peroxisome proteins are targeted to those organelles by peroxisomal targeting sig ... | 2013 | 25436576 |
| effect of fungi and light on seed germination of three opuntia species from semiarid lands of central mexico. | fungal attack under light reduces mechanical resistance of the testa of opuntia seeds, making it easier for the embryo to emerge. however, the effect of fungi on opuntia seed germination in darkness is unknown. we evaluated the combined effects of light and inoculation with phoma medicaginis, trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma koningii, and penicillium chrysogenum on germination of o. streptacantha, o. leucotricha, and o. robusta seeds, from central mexico. we also evaluated the combined effects ... | 2013 | 23526153 |
| fungal inoculation and elevated co2 mediate growth of lolium mutiforum and phytolacca americana, metal uptake, and metal bioavailability in metal-contaminated soil: evidence from dgt measurement. | fungal inoculation and elevated co2 may mediate plant growth and uptake of heavy metals, but little evidence from diffusive gradients in thin-films (dgt) measurement has been obtained to characterize the process. lolium mutiforum and phytolacca americana were grown at ambient and elevated co2 on naturally cd and pb contaminated soils inoculated with and without trichoderma asperellum strain c3 or penicillium chrysogenum strain d4, to investigate plant growth, metal uptake, and metal bioavailabil ... | 2013 | 23488012 |
| in vivo application of a small molecular weight antifungal protein of penicillium chrysogenum (paf). | the antifungal protein of penicillium chrysogenum (paf) inhibits the growth of important pathogenic filamentous fungi, including members of the aspergillus family and some dermatophytes. furthermore, paf was proven to have no toxic effects on mammalian cells in vitro. to prove that paf could be safely used in therapy, experiments were carried out to investigate its in vivo effects. adult mice were inoculated with paf intranasally in different concentrations, up to 2700 μg·kg⁻¹ daily, for 2 weeks ... | 2013 | 23466426 |
| invasive pulmonary mycosis due to penicillium chrysogenum: a new invasive pathogen. | | 2013 | 23423272 |
| diversity, ecological role and potential biotechnological applications of marine fungi associated to the seagrass posidonia oceanica. | the marine environment is characterized by high salinity and exerts a strong selective pressure on the biota, favouring the development of halo-tolerant microorganisms. part of this microbial diversity is made up of fungi, important organisms from ecological and biotechnological points of view. in this study, for the first time, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the mycoflora associated to leaves, rhizomes, roots and matte of the seagrass posidonia oceanica was estimated. a total o ... | 2013 | 23410985 |
| genomic and secretomic analyses reveal unique features of the lignocellulolytic enzyme system of penicillium decumbens. | many penicillium species could produce extracellular enzyme systems with good lignocellulose hydrolysis performance. however, these species and their enzyme systems are still poorly understood and explored due to the lacking of genetic information. here, we present the genomic and secretomic analyses of penicillium decumbens that has been used in industrial production of lignocellulolytic enzymes in china for more than fifteen years. comparative genomics analysis with the phylogenetically most s ... | 2013 | 23383313 |
| bioleaching mechanism of heavy metals in the mixture of contaminated soil and slag by using indigenous penicillium chrysogenum strain f1. | the ability and bioleaching mechanism of heavy metals by penicillium chrysogenum in soils contaminated with smelting slag were examined in this study. batch experiments were performed to investigate the growth kinetics of p. chrysogenum, organic acids production and to compare the removal efficiencies of heavy metals between bioleaching with p. chrysogenum and chemical organic acids. the results showed that the bioleaching had higher removals than chemical leaching, and the removal percentages o ... | 2013 | 23352906 |
| sexual reproduction and mating-type-mediated strain development in the penicillin-producing fungus penicillium chrysogenum. | penicillium chrysogenum is a filamentous fungus of major medical and historical importance, being the original and present-day industrial source of the antibiotic penicillin. the species has been considered asexual for more than 100 y, and despite concerted efforts, it has not been possible to induce sexual reproduction, which has prevented sexual crosses being used for strain improvement. however, using knowledge of mating-type (mat) gene organization, we now describe conditions under which a s ... | 2013 | 23307807 |
| [secondary metabolites of halotolerant fungus penicillium chrysogenum hk14-01 from the yellow river delta area]. | to search for structurally novel and biologically active compounds from the secondary metabolites of halotolerant fungi from the yellow river delta area. | 2012 | 23236844 |
| recent advances in the biosynthesis of penicillins, cephalosporins and clavams and its regulation. | the beta-lactam antibiotics have been serving mankind for over 70 years. despite this old age, they continue to provide health to the world population by virtue of industrial production and discoveries of new secondary metabolite molecules with useful activities. sales of these remarkable compounds have reached over $20 billion dollars per year. they include penicillins, cephalosporins, cefoxitin, monobactams, clavulanic acid and carbapenems. strain improvement of the penicillin-producing specie ... | 2013 | 23228980 |
| combining light microscopy, dielectric spectroscopy, maldi intact cell mass spectrometry, ftir spectromicroscopy and multivariate data mining for morphological and physiological bioprocess characterization of filamentous organisms. | along with productivity and physiology, morphological growth behavior is the key parameter in bioprocess design for filamentous fungi. lacking tools for fast, reliable and efficient analysis however, fungal morphology is still commonly tackled by empirical trial-and-error techniques during strain selection and process development procedures. bridging the gap, this work presents a comprehensive analytical approach for morphological analysis combining automated high-throughput microscopy, multi-fr ... | 2013 | 23220594 |
| morphology engineering of penicillium chrysogenum by rna silencing of chitin synthase gene. | chitin synthases, that catalyze the formation of chitin the major component of cell walls in most filamentous fungi, play crucial roles in the growth and morphogenesis. to investigate the roles of chitin synthase in penicillium chrysogenum, we developed an rnai system to silence the class iii chitin synthase gene chs4. after transformation, mutants had a slow growth rate and shorter but highly branched hyphae. all transformants either were unable to form conidia or could form only a few. changes ... | 2013 | 23187754 |
| purification, characterization, and specificity determination of a new serine protease secreted by penicillium waksmanii. | the purpose of this work was to purify a protease from penicillium waksmanii and to determine its biochemical characteristics and specificity. the extracellular protease isolated that was produced by p. waksmanii is a serine protease that is essential for the reproduction and growth of the fungus. the protease isolated showed 32 kda, and has optimal activity at ph 8.0 and 35 °c towards the substrate abz-klrsskq-eddnp. the protease is active in the presence of cacl(2), kcl, and bacl, and partiall ... | 2013 | 23179282 |