| molecular cloning of melatonin 3-hydroxylase and its production of cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin in rice (oryza sativa). | melatonin is metabolized in animals to cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin (3-ohm) not by an enzymatic pathway, but by interaction with hydroxyl radicals. the production of 3-ohm in animals suggests the possible presence of 3-ohm in plants. prior to the identification of 3-ohm in plants, we directly cloned the corresponding gene(s) responsible for 3-ohm synthesis using escherichia coli library strains expressing genes belonging to the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2-odd) superfamily from rice. thr ... | 2016 | 27500558 |
| oshac1;1 and oshac1;2 function as arsenate reductases and regulate arsenic accumulation. | rice is a major dietary source of the toxic metalloid arsenic (as). reducing its accumulation in rice (oryza sativa) grain is of critical importance to food safety. rice roots take up arsenate and arsenite depending on the prevailing soil conditions. the first step of arsenate detoxification is its reduction to arsenite, but the enzyme(s) catalyzing this reaction in rice remains unknown. here, we identify oshac1;1 and oshac1;2 as arsenate reductases in rice. oshac1;1 and oshac1;2 are able to com ... | 2016 | 27702843 |
| first comprehensive proteome analyses of lysine acetylation and succinylation in seedling leaves of brachypodium distachyon l. | protein acetylation and succinylation are the most crucial protein post-translational modifications (ptms) involved in the regulation of plant growth and development. in this study, we present the first lysine-acetylation and lysine-succinylation proteome analysis of seedling leaves in brachypodium distachyon l (bd). using high accuracy nano lc-ms/ms combined with affinity purification, we identified a total of 636 lysine-acetylated sites in 353 proteins and 605 lysine-succinylated sites in 262 ... | 2016 | 27515067 |
| structure of a plant β-galactosidase c-terminal domain. | most plant β-galactosidases, which belong to glycoside hydrolase family 35, have a c-terminal domain homologous to animal galactose and rhamnose-binding lectins. to investigate the structure and function of this domain, the c-terminal domain of the rice (oryza sativa l.) β-galactosidase 1 (osbgal1 cter) was expressed in escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. the free osbgal1 cter is monomeric with a native molecular weight of 15kda. nmr spectroscopy indicated that osbgal1 cter comprises f ... | 2016 | 27451952 |
| osasr5 enhances drought tolerance through a stomatal closure pathway associated with aba and h2 o2 signalling in rice. | drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that directly implicate plant growth and crop productivity. although many genes in response to drought stress have been identified, genetic improvement to drought resistance especially in food crops is showing relatively slow progress worldwide. here, we reported the isolation of abscisic acid, stress and ripening (asr) genes from upland rice variety, irat109 (oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica), and demonstrated that overexpression of osasr5 enhanced osmo ... | 2017 | 27420922 |
| characterization of oslea1a and its inhibitory effect on the resistance of e. coli to diverse abiotic stresses. | oslea1a is a late embryogenesis abundant (lea) protein gene from oryza sativa l, which contains an open reading frame of 282-bp that encodes a putative polypeptide of 93 amino acids. oslea1a protein contains abundant of lys, ala, glu, asp, gly, arg and leu, but depleted in cys, his, phe, trp and tyr residues; and is strongly hydrophilic. oslea1a includes six helical domains and a β-sheet domain. real-time pcr analysis showed that oslea1a was expressed in roots, leaves and panicles of rice, with ... | 2016 | 27339321 |
| plant phosphomannose isomerase as a selectable marker for rice transformation. | the e. coli phosphomannose isomerase (ecpmi) gene is widely used as a selectable marker gene (smg) in mannose (man) selection-based plant transformation. although some plant species exhibit significant pmi activity and active pmis were even identified in man-sensitive plants, whether plant pmis can be used as smgs remains unclear. in this study, we isolated four novel pmi genes from chlorella variabilis and oryza sativa. their isoenzymatic activities were examined in vitro and compared with that ... | 2016 | 27174847 |
| overexpression of rice glutaredoxins (osgrxs) significantly reduces arsenite accumulation by maintaining glutathione pool and modulating aquaporins in yeast. | arsenic (as) is an acute poison and class i carcinogen, can cause a serious health risk. staple crops like rice are the primary source of as contamination in human food. rice grown on as contaminated areas accumulates higher as in their edible parts. based on our previous transcriptome data, two rice glutaredoxins (osgrx_c7 and osgrx_c2.1) were identified that showed up-regulated expression during as stress. here, we report osgrx_c7 and osgrx_c2.1 from rice involved in the regulation of intracel ... | 2016 | 27174139 |
| biochemical characterization of plant rad52 protein from rice (oryza sativa). | dna damage in living cells is repaired by two main pathways, homologous recombination (hr) and non-homologous end joining (nhej). of all the genes promoting hr, rad52 (radiation sensitive 52) is an important gene which is found to be highly conserved across different species. it was believed that rad52 is absent in plant systems until lately. however, recent genetic studies have shown the presence of rad52 homologues in plants. rad52 homologues in plant systems have not yet been characterized bi ... | 2016 | 27156135 |
| cloning and characterization of the serotonin n-acetyltransferase-2 gene (snat2) in rice (oryza sativa). | the penultimate enzyme in melatonin synthesis is serotonin n-acetyltransferase (snat), which exists as a single copy in mammals and plants. our recent studies of the arabidopsis snat-knockout mutant and snat rnai rice (oryza sativa) plants predicted the presence of at least one other snat isogene in plants; that is, the snat-knockout mutant of arabidopsis and the snat rnai rice plants still produced melatonin, even in the absence or the suppression of snat expression. here, we report a molecular ... | 2016 | 27121038 |
| the time is right to focus on model organism metabolomes. | model organisms are an essential component of biological and biomedical research that can be used to study specific biological processes. these organisms are in part selected for facile experimental study. however, just as importantly, intensive study of a small number of model organisms yields important synergies as discoveries in one area of science for a given organism shed light on biological processes in other areas, even for other organisms. furthermore, the extensive knowledge bases compi ... | 2016 | 26891337 |
| cloning and characterization of a benzoic acid/salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase gene involved in floral scent production from lily (lilium 'yelloween'). | in lily flowers, the volatile ester methyl benzoate is one of the major and abundant floral scent compounds; however, knowledge regarding the biosynthesis of methyl benzoate remains unknown for lilium. in this study, we isolated a benzoic acid/salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (bsmt) gene, libsmt, from petals of lilium 'yelloween'. the gene has an open reading frame of 1083 base pairs (bp) and encodes a protein of 41.05 kda. sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses of libsmt revealed ... | 2015 | 26600510 |
| functional properties and structural characterization of rice δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase. | the majority of plant species accumulate high intracellular levels of proline to cope with hyperosmotic stress conditions. proline synthesis from glutamate is tightly regulated at both the transcriptional and the translational levels, yet little is known about the mechanisms for post-translational regulation of the enzymatic activities involved. the gene coding in rice (oryza sativa l.) for δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (p5c) reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes the second and final step in this ... | 2015 | 26284087 |
| melatonin biosynthesis requires n-acetylserotonin methyltransferase activity of caffeic acid o-methyltransferase in rice. | caffeic acid o-methyltransferase (comt) methylates n-acetylserotonin into melatonin; that is, it has n-acetylserotonin o-methyltransferase (asmt) activity. the asmt activity of comt was first detected in arabidopsis thaliana comt (atcomt). to confirm the involvement of comt on melatonin synthesis in other plant species, the asmt activity of a comt from rice (oryza sativa) (oscomt) was evaluated. purified recombinant oscomt protein from escherichia coli was used to validate the high asmt activity ... | 2015 | 26276868 |
| stress-responsive expression patterns and functional characterization of cold shock domain proteins in cabbage (brassica rapa) under abiotic stress conditions. | although the functional roles of cold shock domain proteins (csdps) have been demonstrated during the growth, development, and stress adaptation of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), rice (oryza sativa), and wheat (triticum aestivum), the functions of csdps in other plants species, including cabbage (brassica rapa), are largely unknown. to gain insight into the roles of csdps in cabbage under stress conditions, the genes encoding csdps in cabbage were isolated, and the functional roles of csdps ... | 2015 | 26263516 |
| thymidine kinases share a conserved function for nucleotide salvage and play an essential role in arabidopsis thaliana growth and development. | thymidine kinases (tks) are important components in the nucleotide salvage pathway. however, knowledge about plant tks is quite limited. in this study, the molecular function of tks in arabidopsis thaliana was investigated. two tks were identified and named attk1 and attk2. expression of both genes was ubiquitous, but attk1 was strongly expressed in high-proliferation tissues. attk1 was localized to the cytosol, whereas attk2 was localized to the mitochondria. mutant analysis indicated that the ... | 2015 | 26139575 |
| detection of dna polymerase λ activity during seed germination and enhancement after salinity stress and dehydration in the plumules of indica rice (oryza sativa l. | dna polymerase λ (dna pol λ) is the only reported x-family dna polymerases in plants and has been shown to play a significant role in dry quiescent seeds, growth, development and nuclear dna repair. cdna for dna pol λ has been reported in arabidopsis and japonica rice cultivar and has been characterized from e. coli expressed protein, but very little is known about its activity at protein level in plants. the enzymatic activity of dna pol λ was studied in dry, imbibed and during different germin ... | 2015 | 26040115 |
| expression and functional validation of heat-labile enterotoxin b (ltb) and cholera toxin b (ctb) subunits in transgenic rice (oryza sativa). | we expressed the heat-labile enterotoxin b (ltb) subunit from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and the cholera toxin b (ctb) subunit from vibrio cholerae under the control of the rice (oryza sativa) globulin (glb) promoter. binding of recombinant ltb and ctb proteins was confirmed based on gm1-ganglioside binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (gm1-elisa). real-time pcr of three generations (t3, t4, and t5) in homozygous lines (lci-11) showed single copies of ltb, ctb, bar and tnos. ltb and ... | 2015 | 25853032 |
| biosynthesis of odd-chain fatty alcohols in escherichia coli. | engineered microbes offer the opportunity to design and implement artificial molecular pathways for renewable production of tailored chemical commodities. targeted biosynthesis of odd-chain fatty alcohols is very challenging in microbe, due to the specificity of fatty acids synthase for two-carbon unit elongation. here, we developed a novel strategy to directly tailor carbon number in fatty aldehydes formation step by incorporating α-dioxygenase (αdox) from oryza sativa (rice) into escherichia c ... | 2015 | 25773521 |
| expression of developmentally regulated plasma membrane polypeptide (drepp2) in rice root tip and interaction with ca(2+)/cam complex and microtubule. | the cytoplasmic free ca(2+) could play an important role for salt tolerance in rice root (oryza sativa l.). here, we compared the expression profiles of two putative developmentally regulated plasma membrane polypeptides (drepp1 and drepp2) in rice roots of salt-tolerant cv. pokkali and salt-sensitive cv. ir29. the messenger rna (mrna) for osdrepp1 could be detected in all parts of root and did not change upon salt stress, whereas the mrna for osdrepp2 was detected only in root tips. the transcr ... | 2015 | 25743039 |
| functional characterization of three (gh13) branching enzymes involved in cyanobacterial starch biosynthesis from cyanobacterium sp. nbrc 102756. | starch and glycogen are widespread storage polysaccharides in bacteria, plants, and animals. recently, some cyanobacteria were found to accumulate water-insoluble α-glucan similar to amylopectin rather than glycogen, the latter of which is more commonly produced in these organisms. the amylopectin-producing species including cyanobacterium sp. nbrc 102756 invariably have three branching enzyme (be) homologs, be1, be2, and be3, all belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 13. multiple be isofo ... | 2015 | 25731081 |
| molecular cloning of melatonin 2-hydroxylase responsible for 2-hydroxymelatonin production in rice (oryza sativa). | although melatonin biosynthetic genes from plants have been cloned, the melatonin catabolism mechanisms remain unclear. to clone the genes responsible for melatonin metabolism, we ectopically expressed 35 full-length cdnas of rice 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2-odd) in escherichia coli and purified the corresponding recombinant proteins. in vitro 2-odd assays showed four independent 2-odd proteins that were able to catalyze melatonin into 2-hydroxymelatonin, exhibiting melatonin 2-hydro ... | 2015 | 25728912 |
| expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of the effector-interaction domain of the resistance protein rga5-a from oryza sativa l. japonica. | rga5-a, a component of the pia resistance-protein complex (rga4/rga5-a) from oryza sativa l. japonica, has the ability to interact physically with the effector protein avr-pia from magnaporthe oryzae via its effector-interaction domain rga5-a_s. the interaction between rga5-a and avr-pia relieves the repression of rga4, leading to avr-independent cell death by the freed rga4. to further understand the details of this interaction, the effector-interaction domain rga5-a_s was expressed in escheric ... | 2015 | 25664791 |
| metabolic engineering of escherichia coli for the biosynthesis of flavonoid-o-glucuronides and flavonoid-o-galactoside. | most flavonoids are glycosylated and the nature of the attached sugar can strongly affect their physiological properties. although many flavonoid glycosides have been synthesized in escherichia coli, most of them are glucosylated. in order to synthesize flavonoids attached to alternate sugars such as glucuronic acid and galactoside, e. coli was genetically modified to express a uridine diphosphate (udp)-dependent glycosyltransferase (ugt) specific for udp-glucuronic acid (amugt10 from antirrhinu ... | 2015 | 25515812 |
| rhon1 mediates a rho-like activity for transcription termination in plastids of arabidopsis thaliana. | although transcription termination is essential to generate functional rnas, its underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood in plastids of vascular plants. here, we show that the rna binding protein rhon1 participates in transcriptional termination of rbcl (encoding large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) in arabidopsis thaliana. inactivation of rhon1 leads to enhanced rbcl read-through transcription and to aberrant accd (encoding β-subunit of the acety ... | 2014 | 25480370 |
| a rice dead-box rna helicase protein, osrh17, suppresses 16s ribosomal rna maturation in escherichia coli. | dead-box proteins comprise a large protein family. these proteins function in all types of processes in rna metabolism and are highly conserved among eukaryotes. however, the precise functions of dead-box proteins in rice physiology and development remain unclear. in this study, we identified a rice dead-box protein, osrh17, that contains a dead domain and all of the common conserved motifs of dead-box rna helicases. osrh17 was specifically expressed in pollen and differentiated callus and upreg ... | 2015 | 25447922 |
| expression and enzymatic properties of rice (oryza sativa l.) monolignol β-glucosidases. | monolignol glucosides and their β-glucosidases are found in monocots, but their biological roles are unclear. phylogenetic analysis of rice (oryza sativa l.) glycoside hydrolase family gh1 β-glucosidases indicated that os4bglu14, os4bglu16, and os4bglu18 are closely related to known monolignol β-glucosidases. an optimized os4bglu16 cdna and cloned os4bglu18 cdna were used to express fusion proteins with his6 tags in pichia pastoris and escherichia coli, respectively. the secreted os4bglu16 fusio ... | 2014 | 25219312 |
| promotion of crystalline cellulose degradation by expansins from oryza sativa. | enzymatic activities of oryza sativa expansins, which were heterologously overexpressed in escherichia coli , were analyzed. results suggested that expansins promote degradation of cellulose by cellulase in a synergistic manner. sustainable production of future biofuels is dependent on efficient saccharification of lignocelluloses. expansins have received a lot of attention as proteins promoting biological degradation of cellulose using cellulase. the expansins are a class of plant cell wall pro ... | 2015 | 25218793 |
| purification, characterization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic studies of monodehydroascorbate reductase from oryza sativa l. japonica. | monodehydroascorbate reductase (mdhar; ec 1.6.5.4) is a key enzyme in the reactive oxygen species (ros) detoxification system of plants. the participation of mdhar in ascorbate (asa) recycling in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle is important in the acquired tolerance of crop plants to abiotic environmental stresses. thus, mdhar represents a strategic target protein for the improvement of crop yields. although physiological studies have intensively characterized mdhar, a structure-based functional ... | 2014 | 25195901 |
| a novel protein elicitor (sscut) from sclerotinia sclerotiorum induces multiple defense responses in plants. | in this study, we report the cloning of the sscut gene encoding cutinase from sclerotinia sclerotiorum. we isolated a 609-bp cdna encoding a polypeptide of 202 amino acids with a molecular weight of 20.4 kda. heterologous expression of sscut in escherichia coli (his-sscut) caused the formation of lesions in tobacco that closely resembled hypersensitive response lesions. mutational analysis identified the c-terminal-half peptide and the same amino acids indispensable for both enzyme and elicitor ... | 2014 | 25149470 |
| purification, molecular cloning and functional characterization of flavonoid c-glucosyltransferases from fagopyrum esculentum m. (buckwheat) cotyledon. | c-glycosides are characterized by their c-c bonds in which the anomeric carbon of the sugar moieties is directly bound to the carbon atom of aglycon. c-glycosides are remarkably stable, as their c-c bonds are resistant to glycosidase or acid hydrolysis. a variety of plant species are known to accumulate c-glycosylflavonoids; however, the genes encoding for enzymes that catalyze c-glycosylation of flavonoids have been identified only from oryza sativa (rice) and zea mays (maize), and have not bee ... | 2014 | 25142187 |
| a glutathione responsive rice glyoxalase ii, osglyii-2, functions in salinity adaptation by maintaining better photosynthesis efficiency and anti-oxidant pool. | glyoxalase ii (gly ii), the second enzyme of glyoxalase pathway that detoxifies cytotoxic metabolite methylglyoxal (mg), belongs to the superfamily of metallo-β-lactamases. here, detailed analysis of one of the uncharacterized rice glyoxalase ii family members, osglyii-2 was conducted in terms of its metal content, enzyme kinetics and stress tolerance potential. functional complementation of yeast gly ii mutant (∆glo2) and enzyme kinetics data suggested that osglyii-2 possesses characteristic gl ... | 2014 | 25039836 |
| functional characterization of xanthoxin dehydrogenase in rice. | abscisic acid (aba) is a phytohormone that plays a key role in biotic and abiotic stress responses. aba metabolic genes are promising targets for molecular breeding work to improve stress tolerance in crops. the accumulation of aba does not always improve stress tolerance since stress-induced accumulation of aba in pollen inhibits the normal course of gametogenesis, affecting grain yields in cereals. this effect highlights the importance of manipulating the aba levels according to the type of ti ... | 2014 | 25014258 |
| inducing the oxidative stress response in escherichia coli improves the quality of a recombinant protein: magnesium chelatase chlh. | the ∼150kda chlh subunit of magnesium chelatase from oryza sativa, hordeum vulgare and chlamydomonas reinhardtii have been heterologously expressed in escherichiacoli. the active soluble protein is found as both a multimeric and a monomeric form. the multimeric chlh appears to be oxidatively damaged but monomer production is favoured in growth conditions that are known to cause an oxidative stress response in e.coli. inducing an oxidative stress response may be of general utility to improve the ... | 2014 | 24931499 |
| crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of defective pollen wall (dpw) protein from oryza sativa. | the defective pollen wall (dpw) gene of oryza sativa encodes a fatty acid reductase (dpw) which plays important roles in primary fatty alcohol synthesis. dpw catalyzes the synthesis of 1-hexadecanol. the enzyme shows a higher specificity for palmitoyl-acp than for palmitoyl-coa as the substrate, and can only use nadph as the cofactor. to gain an understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the reaction catalyzed by dpw, the gene encoding dpw without the n-terminal 80 amino acids (dpwδ80) ... | 2014 | 24915087 |
| human leukemia inhibitory factor produced by the expresstec method from rice (oryza sativa l.) is active in human neural stem cells and mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. | stem cell-based therapy has the potential to treat an array of human diseases. however, to study the therapeutic potential and safety of these cells, a scalable cell culture medium is needed that is free of human or bovine-derived serum proteins. thus, cost-effective recombinant serum proteins and cytokines are needed to produce such mediums. one such cytokine, leukemia inhibitory factor (lif), has been shown to be a critical paracrine factor that maintains stem cell pluripotency in murine embry ... | 2017 | 24776984 |
| cloning a glutathione peroxidase gene from nelumbo nucifera and enhanced salt tolerance by overexpressing in rice. | a full-length cdna clone encoding an 866 bp-length glutathione peroxidase protein (nngpx) was isolated from lotus (nelumbo nucifera l.). the deduced amino acid sequence of the nngpx gene had significant homology with atgpx6. a 3d structural model of the nngpx was constructed by homology modeling. the cloned nngpx gene was expressed in escherichia coli, and a fusion protein of about 40 kda was detected after isopropyl thiogalactoside induction. under different concentrations of na2seo3 treatments ... | 2014 | 24715609 |
| a unique ni2+ -dependent and methylglyoxal-inducible rice glyoxalase i possesses a single active site and functions in abiotic stress response. | the glyoxalase system constitutes the major pathway for the detoxification of metabolically produced cytotoxin methylglyoxal (mg) into a non-toxic metabolite d-lactate. glyoxalase i (gly i) is an evolutionarily conserved metalloenzyme requiring divalent metal ions for its activity: zn(2+) in the case of eukaryotes or ni(2+) for enzymes of prokaryotic origin. plant gly i proteins are part of a multimember family; however, not much is known about their physiological function, structure and metal d ... | 2014 | 24661284 |
| global analysis of lysine acetylation suggests the involvement of protein acetylation in diverse biological processes in rice (oryza sativa). | lysine acetylation is a reversible, dynamic protein modification regulated by lysine acetyltransferases and deacetylases. recent advances in high-throughput proteomics have greatly contributed to the success of global analysis of lysine acetylation. a large number of proteins of diverse biological functions have been shown to be acetylated in several reports in human cells, e.coli, and dicot plants. however, the extent of lysine acetylation in non-histone proteins remains largely unknown in mono ... | 2014 | 24586658 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and function analysis of a gdh gene from sclerotinia sclerotiorum in rice. | the full-length cdna encoding a glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) which catalyzes the reaction of reductive amination of α-oxoglutarate (α-og) to glutamate (the anabolic activity) and the reverse reaction of oxidative deamination of glutamate (the catabolic activity) was isolated from sclerotinia sclerotiorum, we designated it as ssgdh. bioinformatics analysis revealed that ssgdh had a typical gdh spatial structure and extensive homology with other fungal or bacteria gdhs. to evaluate its function i ... | 2014 | 24557889 |
| quantitation of the residual dna from rice-derived recombinant human serum albumin. | residual dna in recombinant protein pharmaceuticals can potentially cause safety issues in clinical applications; thus, maximum residual limit has been established by drug safety authorities. assays for residual dna in escherichia coli, yeast, and chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell expression systems have been established, but no rice residual dna assay for rice expression systems has been designed. to develop an assay for the quantification of residual dna that is produced from rice seed, we esta ... | 2014 | 24388867 |
| application of recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor (lif) produced in rice (oryza sativa l.) for maintenance of mouse embryonic stem cells. | embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells have the ability to differentiate into any somatic cell type, and thus have potential to treat a number of diseases that are currently incurable. application of these cells for clinical or industrial uses would require an increase in production to yield adequate numbers of viable cells. however, the relatively high costs of cytokines and growth factors required for maintenance of stem cells in the undifferentiated state have the potential to limit tra ... | 2014 | 24380819 |
| analysis of dna repair helicase uvrd from arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa. | mismatch repair (mmr) proteins play important roles in maintaining genome stability in all the organisms. studies of mmr genes in plants have identified several homologs of the escherichia coli genes. crop yield is directly related to genome stability, which is crucially required for optimal plant growth and development. numerous genotoxic stresses such as uv light, radiations, pollutants and heavy metals cause dna damage leading to genome instability, which can interfere with the plant growth a ... | 2013 | 23974358 |
| design and application of an in vivo reporter assay for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. | phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) is an important enzyme that links primary metabolism to secondary metabolism. its efficiency is often a critical factor that affects the overall flux of a related metabolic pathway, the titer of the final products, and the efficacy of pal-based therapies. thus, pal is a common target for metabolic engineering, and it is of significant interest to screen efficient pals for industrial and medical applications. in this study, a novel and efficient visible reporter ... | 2013 | 23907258 |
| expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of rice l-galactose dehydrogenase. | in plants, l-galactose dehydrogenase (l-galdh) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid (asa), which is well known as a unique antioxidant compound and a cofactor for many enzymes. l-galdh catalyses the oxidation of l-galactose to l-galactono-1,4-lactone. rice l-galdh was overexpressed in escherichia coli, purified and crystallized. diffraction-quality rod-shaped crystals were grown using a sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. the l-galdh crystals exhibited the symmetry of space gro ... | 2013 | 23832214 |
| structural features important for the rna chaperone activity of zinc finger-containing glycine-rich rna-binding proteins from wheat (triticum avestivum) and rice (oryza sativa). | despite the increase in understanding of rna chaperone activity of zinc finger-containing glycine-rich rna-binding proteins (rzs) during the cold adaptation process, the structural features relevant to the rna chaperone activity of rzs still largely remain to be established. to investigate the structural determinants important for the rna chaperone activity of rzs, domain-swapping and deletion analyses was carried out to assess the contribution of the n-terminal zinc finger rna-recognition motif ... | 2013 | 23787154 |
| discrimination between two rice metallothionein isoforms belonging to type 1 and type 4 in metal-binding ability. | metallothioneins (mts) are a superfamily of low-molecular-weight, cysteine (cys)-rich proteins that are believed to play important roles in protection against metal toxicity and oxidative stress. plants have several mt isoforms, which are classified into four types based on the arrangement of cys residues. in this study, two rice (oryza sativa) mt isoforms, osmti-1b and osmtii-1a from type 1 and type 4, respectively, were heterologously expressed in escherichia coli as carboxy-terminal extension ... | 2015 | 23782215 |
| identification of rice β-glucosidase with high hydrolytic activity towards salicylic acid β-d-glucoside. | β-glucosidases (ec 3.2.1.21) split β-glucosidic linkages at the non-reducing end of glucosides and oligosaccharides to release β-d-glucose. one of the important functions of plant β-glucosidase is deglucosylation of inactive glucosides of phytohormones to regulate levels of active hormones. tuberonic acid is a jasmonate-related compound that shows tuber-inducing activity in the potato. we have identified two enzymes, ostagg1 and ostagg2, that have hydrolytic activity towards tuberonic acid β-d-g ... | 2013 | 23649259 |
| identification of a dual-targeted protein belonging to the mitochondrial carrier family that is required for early leaf development in rice. | a dual-targeted protein belonging to the mitochondrial carrier family was characterized in rice (oryza sativa) and designated 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate transporter1 (papst1). the papst1 mutant plants showed a defect in thylakoid development, resulting in leaf chlorosis at an early leaf developmental stage, while normal leaf development was restored 4 to 6 d after leaf emergence. ospapst1 is highly expressed in young leaves and roots, while the expression is reduced in mature leaves, ... | 2013 | 23411694 |
| heterologous expression and metal-binding characterization of a type 1 metallothionein isoform (osmti-1b) from rice (oryza sativa). | metallothioneins (mts) are ubiquitous, low molecular mass and cysteine-rich proteins that play important roles in maintaining intracellular metal homeostasis, eliminating metal toxification and protecting the cells against oxidative damages. mts are able to bind metal ions through the thiol groups of their cysteine residues. plants have several mt isoforms which are classified into four types based on the arrangement of cysteine residues. in the present study, a rice (oryza sativa) gene encoding ... | 2013 | 23385446 |
| functional characterization of a rice de novo dna methyltransferase, osdrm2, expressed in escherichia coli and yeast. | dna methylation of cytosine nucleotides is an important epigenetic modification that occurs in most eukaryotic organisms and is established and maintained by various dna methyltransferases together with their co-factors. there are two major categories of dna methyltransferases: de novo and maintenance. here, we report the isolation and functional characterization of a de novo methyltransferase, named osdrm2, from rice (oryza sativa l.). the full-length coding region of osdrm2 was cloned and tran ... | 2013 | 23357425 |
| rice (oryza sativa) lipase: molecular cloning, functional expression and substrate specificity. | lipases are important biocatalysts showing many interesting properties with industrial applications. previously, different isoforms of lipases, lipase-i and lipase-ii from rice (oryza sativa) have been purified and characterized. lipase-ii identified as the major lipase in rice bran is designated as rice bran lipase (rbl). in this study, we report the cloning and expression of the rbl in escherichia coli and pichia pastoris. an exploration of expression in four different e. coli expression syste ... | 2013 | 23202292 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of s-adenosylmethionine synthetase gene from lycoris radiata. | s-adenosylmethionine (sam) synthetase catalyzes the synthesis of sam, a molecule important for all cellular organisms. it is also considered to play an important role in salt tolerance of plants. here, we cloned a lycoris radiata (l. radiata) sam synthetase gene lrsams to determine its biological function. the gene encodes a protein of 401 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 43.9 kda. amino acid sequence analysis of the deduced protein lrsams reveals high sequence identity to sam s ... | 2013 | 23073776 |
| stress response of plant h+-ppase-expressing transgenic escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae: a potentially useful mechanism for the development of stress-tolerant organisms. | the simple proton-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase (h(+)-ppase) found in plants and protists is an evolutionally conserved, essential enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate (ppi). little is known about the functional contribution of h(+)-ppase to the cellular response to abiotic stresses, except its high salinity and drought stress. to investigate the role of h(+)-ppase during response to cellular stress, we isolated the cdna of arabidopsis thaliana h(+)-ppase (avp1) and or ... | 2013 | 23055406 |
| rice p450 reductases differentially affect p450-mediated metabolism in bacterial expression systems. | we describe cloning and characterization of three rice (oryza sativa) nadph-cytochrome p450 reductases (oscprs; e.c.1.6.2.4) that are potential donors to plant p450s, including tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (t5h) in serotonin synthesis and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (c4h) in phenylpropanoid synthesis. all three oscpr transcripts are induced to varying degrees by stresses. co-expression of full-length oscpr1, oscpr2 and oscpr3 with either t5h or c4h in e. coli indicated that the oscpr2/t5h and oscpr2/c4h ... | 2013 | 23053415 |
| improving the nutritive value of rice seeds: elevation of cysteine and methionine contents in rice plants by ectopic expression of a bacterial serine acetyltransferase. | with the aim of increasing the cysteine level in rice (oryza sativa l.) and thus improving its nutritional quality, transgenic rice plants were generated expressing an escherichia coli serine acetyltransferase isoform (ecsat), the enzyme synthesizing o-acetylserine, the precursor of cysteine. the gene was fused to the transit peptide of the arabidopsis rubisco and driven by a ubiquitin promoter to target the enzyme to plastids. twenty-two transgenic plants were examined for transgene protein exp ... | 2012 | 23048130 |
| crystal structures of rice (oryza sativa) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase complexes with nad and sulfate suggest involvement of phe37 in nad binding for catalysis. | cytosolic oryza sativa glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (osgapdh), the enzyme involved in the ubiquitous glycolysis, catalyzes the oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-biphosphoglycerate (bpg) using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad) as an electron acceptor. we report crystal structures of osgapdh in three conditions of nad-free, nad-bound and sulfate-soaked forms to discuss the molecular determinants for coenzyme specificity. the structure of osgapdh showe ... | 2012 | 22903596 |
| kinetic analysis of purified recombinant rice n-acetylserotonin methyltransferase and peak melatonin production in etiolated rice shoots. | rice (oryza sativa) n-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (osasmt), the last enzyme in the synthesis of melatonin, was expressed in escherichia coli and purified. we then characterized its enzyme kinetics, which is the first time this has been performed in plants. purified glutathione s-transferase (gst)-fused recombinant osasmt (gst-osasmt) and gst-free osasmt showed specific enzyme activities of 6.6 and 12.6 pmol/min per mg protein, respectively. when evaluated by the lineweaver-burk equation, g ... | 2013 | 22747959 |
| an efficient and high-throughput protocol for agrobacterium-mediated transformation based on phosphomannose isomerase positive selection in japonica rice (oryza sativa l.). | a number of agrobacterium-mediated rice transformation systems have been developed and widely used in numerous laboratories and research institutes. however, those systems generally employ antibiotics like kanamycin and hygromycin, or herbicide as selectable agents, and are used for the small-scale experiments. to address high-throughput production of transgenic rice plants via agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and to eliminate public concern on antibiotic markers, we developed a comprehens ... | 2012 | 22610504 |
| identification and cloning of the cu/zn superoxide dismutase gene from halophyte plant aeluropus littoralis. | reactive oxygen species (ros) derived from molecular oxygen under biotic and abiotic stress such as salinity which have deleterious effects on cell metabolism. the toxic effect of ros counteract by enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic antioxidant system. superoxide dismutase (sod) has a potential role for elimination of ros. halophytes respond to salt stress at different levels and can be a model for increasing salt tolerance in crop plants. thus salt tolerance gene isolation and cloning of gene a ... | 2012 | 22567863 |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of osareb8 from rice, a member of the areb/abf family of bzip transcription factors, in complex with its cognate dna. | the areb/abf family of bzip transcription factors play a key role in drought stress response and tolerance during the vegetative stage in plants. to reveal the dna-recognition mechanism of the areb/abf family of proteins, the bzip domain of osareb8, an areb/abf-family protein from oryza sativa, was expressed in escherichia coli, purified and crystallized with its cognate dna. crystals of the osareb8-dna complex were obtained by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method at 277 k with a reservoir s ... | 2012 | 22505428 |
| characterization of glycine-rich rna-binding proteins in brassica napus under stress conditions. | although the functional roles of glycine-rich rna-binding proteins (grps) during stress adaptation have been extensively evaluated in arabidopsis thaliana and rice (oryza sativa), the stress-responsive roles of a majority of grps have not been characterized in other plant species including rapeseed (brassica napus). here, the characteristic features and stress-responsive expression patterns of grps in b. napus (bngrps) were investigated. the genome of b. napus contains seven closely related bngr ... | 2012 | 22462633 |
| molecular characterization and functional analysis by heterologous expression in e. coli under diverse abiotic stresses for oslea5, the atypical hydrophobic lea protein from oryza sativa l. | in this study, we report the molecular characterization and functional analysis of oslea5 gene, which belongs to the atypical late embryogenesis abundant (lea) group 5c from oryza sativa l. the cdna of oslea5 contains a 456 bp orf encoding a polypeptide of 151 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 16.5 kda and a theoretical pi of 5.07. the oslea5 polypeptide is rich in leu (10%), ser (8.6%), and asp (8.6%), while cys, trp, and gln residue contents are very low, which are 2, 1.3, and 1. ... | 2012 | 22127413 |
| glycine-rich rna binding protein of oryza sativa inhibits growth of m15 e. coli cells. | plant glycine-rich rna binding proteins have been implicated to have roles in diverse abiotic stresses. | 2011 | 21269485 |
| glycine-rich rna-binding proteins are functionally conserved in arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa during cold adaptation process. | contrary to the increasing amount of knowledge regarding the functional roles of glycine-rich rna-binding proteins (grps) in arabidopsis thaliana in stress responses, the physiological functions of grps in rice (oryza sativa) currently remain largely unknown. in this study, the functional roles of six osgrps from rice on the growth of e. coli and plants under cold or freezing stress conditions have been evaluated. among the six osgrps investigated, osgrp1, osgrp4, and osgrp6 were shown to have t ... | 2010 | 20231330 |
| homologous recombination properties of osrad51, a recombinase from rice. | cdna corresponding to osrad51 protein was isolated from cdna library of rice flowers (oryza sativa, indica cultivar group) and cloned in to pet28a expression vector. the protein was over expressed in e. coli bl21 (de3) and purified. purified osrad51 could bind single and double stranded dna, however it showed higher affinity for single stranded dna. transmission electron microscopy (tem) studies of osrad51-dna complexes showed that this protein formed ring like structures and bound dna forming f ... | 2008 | 18695945 |
| flavanone 3beta-hydroxylases from rice: key enzymes for favonol and anthocyanin biosynthesis. | flavanone 3beta-hydroxylases (f3h) are key enzymes in the synthesis of flavonol and anthocyanin. in this study, three f3h cdnas from oryza sativa (osf3h-1 approximately 3) were cloned by rt-pcr and expressed in e. coli as gluthatione s-transferase (gst) fusion proteins. the purified recombinant osf3hs used flavanone, naringenin and eriodictyol as substrates. the reaction products with naringen and eriodictyol were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to be dihydrokaempferol and ... | 2008 | 18413994 |
| [cloning and expression of gymnadenia conopsea gcsec61beta gene encoding endosplasmic reticulum membrane translocation channel protein]. | protein translocation channel in endosplasmic reticulum (er) of eukaryotes is composed of several subunits of sec61 complex, which is essential for protein secretion. in the present study, we cloned a full-length cdna fragment of 621 bp coding 107 amino acids from a psychrophile and endangered plant gymnadenia conopsea, which grows in high land. sequence analysis revealed that the gene was highly homologous to the member sec61beta of er protein transporter channel, which was thus designated as g ... | 2007 | 17675760 |
| characterization of a rice gene family encoding type-a diterpene cyclases. | we have previously isolated and characterized the rice (oryza sativa) cdnas, oscyc1/oscps4, oscyc2/oscps2, osks4, osdtc1/osks7, osdtc2/osks8 and osks10, which encode cyclases that are responsible for diterpene phytoalexin biosynthesis. among the other members of this gene family, oscps1 and osks1 have been suggested as being responsible for gibberellin biosynthesis, osksl11 has recently been shown to encode stemodene synthase, and the functions of the three other diterpene cyclase genes in the r ... | 2006 | 16861806 |
| a gene for a class ii dna photolyase from oryza sativa: cloning of the cdna by dilution-amplification. | ultraviolet radiation induces the formation of two classes of photoproducts in dna-the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (cpd) and the pyrimidine [6-4] pyrimidone photoproduct (6-4 product). many organisms produce enzymes, termed photolyases, which specifically bind to these lesions and split them via a uv-a/blue light-dependent mechanism, thereby reversing the damage. these photolyases are specific for either cpds or 6-4 products. two classes of photolyases (class i and class ii) repair cpds. a gene ... | 2003 | 12764611 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a cdna for an iron-superoxide dismutase in rice (oryza sativa l.). | we have isolated a cdna encoding fe-sod from rice (oryza sativa l.). the deduced amino acid sequence consists of a polypeptide with 255 amino acids, including a putative transit peptide (40 a.a.) in amino-terminal residues. this sequence is similar to the known plant fe-sods but not classified in the group of known fe-sods. the metal analysis and sod assays of the partial purified recombinant protein expressed in e. coli showed that this cdna encodes an iron-containing sod. however this sod acti ... | 1999 | 10192910 |
| experimental life history and biological characteristics of fasciola gigantica (digenea: fasciolidae). | this study was conducted to investigate the life history, morphology, and maturation of larval stages and adult worms of fasciola gigantica in experimental mice. lymnaea auricularia rubiginosa was used as the intermediate host, and oryza sativa was used for encystment of the metacercariae, while mus musculus was used as the definitive host for maturation study. fresh eggs from the gall bladder of water buffaloes fully developed into embryonated ones and hatched out at days 11-12 after incubation ... | 2015 | 25748710 |
| two novel antimicrobial defensins from rice identified by gene coexpression network analyses. | defensins form an antimicrobial peptides (amp) family, and have been widely studied in various plants because of their considerable inhibitory functions. however, their roles in rice (oryza sativa l.) have not been characterized, even though rice is one of the most important staple crops that is susceptible to damaging infections. additionally, a previous study identified 598 rice genes encoding cysteine-rich peptides, suggesting there are several uncharacterized amps in rice. we performed in si ... | 2016 | 27527801 |
| the components of rice and watermelon root exudates and their effects on pathogenic fungus and watermelon defense. | watermelon (citrullus lanatus) is susceptible to wilt disease caused by the fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp niveum (fon). intercropping management of watermelon/aerobic rice (oryza sativa) alleviates watermelon wilt disease, because some unidentified component(s) in rice root exudates suppress fon sporulation and spore germination. here, we show that the phenolic acid p-coumaric acid is present in rice root exudates only, and it inhibits fon spore germination and sporulation. we found that exoge ... | 2016 | 27217091 |
| functional analysis of chimeric lysin motif domain receptors mediating nod factor-induced defense signaling in arabidopsis thaliana and chitin-induced nodulation signaling in lotus japonicus. | the expression of chimeric receptors in plants is a way to activate specific signaling pathways by corresponding signal molecules. defense signaling induced by chitin from pathogens and nodulation signaling of legumes induced by rhizobial nod factors (nfs) depend on receptors with extracellular lysin motif (lysm) domains. here, we constructed chimeras by replacing the ectodomain of chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 (atcerk1) of arabidopsis thaliana with ectodomains of nf receptors of lotus japon ... | 2014 | 24506212 |
| experimental infection of fusarium proliferatum in oryza sativa plants; fumonisin b1 production and survival rate in grains. | fusarium proliferatum is a plant pathogenic fungus associated with crops such as asparagus and corn, and it possesses the ability to produce a range of mycotoxins, including fumonisins. in asia, rice (oryza sativa) is a staple cereal and is occasionally colonized by this fungus without obvious physiological changes. f. proliferatum is closely related to gibberella fujikuroi (anamorph f. fujikuroi) responsible for bakanae disease in rice; however there are few reports of f. proliferatum as a rice ... | 2012 | 22534354 |
| natural occurrence of toxigenic fusarium proliferatum on paddy (oryza sativa l.) in karnataka, india. | contamination of paddy seeds (rice with husk) by fusarium species can cause spoilage and subsequent production of mycotoxins, especially fumonisins that affect human and animal health. a mycological study was conducted to evaluate the natural occurrence of fumonisin b1 produced by fusarium proliferatum on paddy grown in different geographic regions of karnataka (india). a total of 65 isolates of f. proliferatum from paddy samples were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). one set of prime ... | 2010 | 24575185 |
| germin-like protein 2 gene promoter from rice is responsive to fungal pathogens in transgenic potato plants. | controlled transgene expression via a promoter is particularly triggered in response to pathogen infiltration. this is significant for eliciting disease-resistant features in crops through genetic engineering. the germins and germin-like proteins (glps) are known to be associated with plant and developmental stages. the 1107-bp oryza sativa root glp2 (osrglp2) gene promoter fused to a β-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene was transformed into potato plants through an agrobacterium-mediated transfo ... | 2016 | 26277722 |
| production of bp178, a derivative of the synthetic antibacterial peptide bp100, in the rice seed endosperm. | bp178 peptide is a synthetic bp100-magainin derivative possessing strong inhibitory activity against plant pathogenic bacteria, offering a great potential for future applications in plant protection and other fields. here we report the production and recovery of a bioactive bp178 peptide using rice seeds as biofactories. | 2017 | 28292258 |
| detection of fumonisin producing fusarium verticillioides in paddy (oryza sativa l.) using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | the study reports the occurrence of fumonisin producing fusarium verticillioides in 90 samples of stored paddy (oryza sativa l.) collected from different geographical regions of karnataka, india. fumonisin producing f. verticillioides was identified based on micromorphological characteristics and pcr using two sets of primers. one set of primers was f. verticillioides species specific, which selectively amplified the intergenic space region of rdna. the other set of primers was specific to fumon ... | 2009 | 24031332 |
| the identification of candidate genes associated with pch2 eyespot resistance in wheat using cdna-aflp. | eyespot is a fungal disease of the stem base of cereal crops and causes lodging and the premature ripening of grain. wheat cultivar cappelle desprez contains a highly durable eyespot resistance gene, pch2 on the long arm of chromosome 7a. a cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) platform was used to identify genes differentially expressed between the eyespot susceptible variety chinese spring (cs) and the cs chromosome substitution line cappelle desprez 7a (cs/cd7a) which contains pc ... | 2009 | 19183860 |
| linkage mapping of hsa-1(og), a resistance gene of african rice to the cyst nematode, heterodera sacchari. | inheritance of resistance to cyst nematode (heterodera sacchari) in oryza sativa was investigated by inoculation tests with isolate 244 from congo in segregating populations derived from hybridisation between o. sativa and its african sister cultivated species, o. glaberrima. we found that the resistance was controlled by one major gene, hsa-1(og), with codominance of susceptible and resistant alleles. to map hsa-1(og) on the rice genome, we pooled the data obtained from segregation of the resis ... | 2003 | 12721640 |
| chemically engineered sulfated glucans from rice bran exert strong antiviral activity at the stage of viral entry. | attachment and entry of many viruses are mediated by their affinity for polysaccharides present on the surface of target cells. in this paper, we demonstrate that sulfated glucans isolated from rice (oryza sativa) can be utilized as experimental drugs exerting strong antiviral activity. in particular, oleum-dmf-based extraction is described as a procedure for the generation of chemically engineered glucans from commercially available rice bran. the one-step procedure has the potential to provide ... | 2013 | 24279818 |
| strain-dependent effects of inoculation of lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum on fermentation quality of paddy rice (oryza sativa l. subsp. japonica) silage. | paddy rice has been of particular interest as a forage crop in japan. in this study, the isolated strains to1000, to1001, to1002, and to1003 were characterized by phenotypic and genotypic approaches. these strains were identified as lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum by species-specific pcr. phenotypic characteristics varied among different strains of the same subspecies, and the strains represented unique and diverse phenotypes related to fermentation factors, such as carbohydrate assimil ... | 2012 | 23003205 |
| kinetic and phylogenetic analysis of plant polyamine uptake transporters. | the rice gene polyamine uptake transporter1 (put1) was originally identified based on its homology to the polyamine uptake transporters lmpot1 and tcpat12 in leishmania major and trypanosoma cruzi, respectively. here we show that five additional transporters from rice and arabidopsis that cluster in the same clade as put1 all function as high affinity spermidine uptake transporters. yeast expression assays of these genes confirmed that uptake of spermidine was minimally affected by 166 fold or g ... | 2012 | 22711282 |
| transcriptomic and histological responses of african rice (oryza glaberrima) to meloidogyne graminicola provide new insights into root-knot nematode resistance in monocots. | the root-knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola is responsible for production losses in rice ( oryza sativa ) in asia and latin america. the accession tog5681 of african rice, o. glaberrima , presents improved resistance to several biotic and abiotic factors, including nematodes. the aim of this study was to assess the cytological and molecular mechanisms underlying nematode resistance in this accession. | 2017 | 28334204 |
| thiamine-induced priming against root-knot nematode infection in rice involves lignification and hydrogen peroxide generation. | thiamine (vitamin b1, vb1) can act as a plant defence trigger, or priming agent, leading to a rapid counterattack on pathogen invasion. in this study, the priming effect of thiamine on rice (oryza sativa cv. nipponbare) and its activity against root-knot nematode (meloidogyne graminicola) infection were evaluated. thiamine treatment and subsequent nematode inoculation activated hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) accumulation and lignin deposition in plant roots, and this correlated with enhanced transcrip ... | 2016 | 27103216 |
| meloidogyne graminicola: a major threat to rice agriculture. | superkingdom eukaryota; kingdom metazoa; phylum nematoda; class chromadorea; order tylenchida; suborder tylenchina; infraorder tylenchomorpha; superfamily tylenchoidea; family meloidogynidae; subfamily meloidogyninae; genus meloidogyne. | 2017 | 26950515 |
| dual rna-seq reveals meloidogyne graminicola transcriptome and candidate effectors during the interaction with rice plants. | root-knot nematodes secrete proteinaceous effectors into plant tissues to facilitate infection by suppressing host defences and reprogramming the host metabolism to their benefit. meloidogyne graminicola is a major pest of rice (oryza sativa) in asia and latin america, causing important crop losses. the goal of this study was to identify m. graminicola pathogenicity genes expressed during the plant-nematode interaction. using the dual rna-sequencing (rna-seq) strategy, we generated transcriptomi ... | 2016 | 26610268 |
| a genome-wide association study of a global rice panel reveals resistance in oryza sativa to root-knot nematodes. | the root-knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola is one of the most serious nematode pests worldwide and represents a major constraint on rice production. while variation in the susceptibility of asian rice (oryza sativa) exists, so far no strong and reliable resistance has been reported. quantitative trait loci for partial resistance have been reported but no underlying genes have been tagged or cloned. here, 332 accessions of the rice diversity panel 1 were assessed for gall formation, revealing ... | 2016 | 26552884 |
| biochar-amended potting medium reduces the susceptibility of rice to root-knot nematode infections. | biochar is a solid coproduct of biomass pyrolysis, and soil amended with biochar has been shown to enhance the productivity of various crops and induce systemic plant resistance to fungal pathogens. the aim of this study was to explore the ability of wood biochar to induce resistance to the root-knot nematode (rkn) meloidogyne graminicola in rice (oryza sativa cv. nipponbare) and examine its histochemical and molecular impact on plant defense mechanisms. | 2015 | 26537003 |
| the role of thionins in rice defence against root pathogens. | thionins are antimicrobial peptides that are involved in plant defence. here, we present an in-depth analysis of the role of rice thionin genes in defence responses against two root pathogens: the root-knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola and the oomycete pythium graminicola. the expression of rice thionin genes was observed to be differentially regulated by defence-related hormones, whereas all analysed genes were consistently down-regulated in m. graminicola-induced galls, at least until 7 da ... | 2015 | 25676661 |
| transcriptional analysis through rna sequencing of giant cells induced by meloidogyne graminicola in rice roots. | one of the reasons for the progressive yield decline observed in aerobic rice production is the rapid build-up of populations of the rice root knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola. these nematodes induce specialized feeding cells inside root tissue, called giant cells. by injecting effectors in and sipping metabolites out of these cells, they reprogramme normal cell development and deprive the plant of its nutrients. in this research we have studied the transcriptome of giant cells in rice, aft ... | 2013 | 23881398 |
| brassinosteroids suppress rice defense against root-knot nematodes through antagonism with the jasmonate pathway. | the importance of phytohormone balance is increasingly recognized as central to the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions. next to their well-known developmental role, brassinosteroids (br) were recently found to be involved in plant innate immunity. in this study, we examined the role of br in rice (oryza sativa) innate immunity during infection with the root-knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola, and we studied the inter-relationship with the jasmonate (ja) pathway. exogenous epibrassinolide ... | 2013 | 23194343 |
| transcriptional reprogramming by root knot and migratory nematode infection in rice. | rice is one of the most important staple crops worldwide, but its yield is compromised by different pathogens, including plant-parasitic nematodes. in this study we have characterized specific and general responses of rice (oryza sativa) roots challenged with two endoparasitic nematodes with very different modes of action. local transcriptional changes in rice roots upon root knot (meloidogyne graminicola) and root rot nematode (rrn, hirschmanniella oryzae) infection were studied at two time poi ... | 2012 | 22985291 |
| plant-parasitic nematode infections in rice: molecular and cellular insights. | being one of the major staple foods in the world, and an interesting model monocot plant, rice (oryza sativa l.) has recently received attention from molecular nematologists studying the cellular and molecular aspects of the interaction between this crop and plant-parasitic nematodes. in this review, we highlight recent advances in this field, with a focus on the best-studied root-knot nematodes. histological studies have revealed the cellular changes inside root-knot nematode-induced feeding si ... | 2014 | 24906129 |
| unveiling chemical defense in the rice stalk stink bug against the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae. | eggs, nymphs (1st-5th instar) and adults of tibraca limbativentris were challenged by conidial suspensions of its major fungal pathogen metarhizium anisopliae in order to assess their susceptibility. the role of chemical defensive compounds from exocrine secretions produced by both nymphs and adults were examined for their participation on m. anisopliae infection. although insect susceptibility to m. anisopliae followed a dose-dependent manner, adults followed by older nymphs displayed the highe ... | 2015 | 25805519 |
| assessment of epiphytic yeast diversity in rice (oryza sativa) phyllosphere in thailand by a culture-independent approach. | the epiphytic yeast diversity in rice phyllosphere in thailand was investigated by a culture-independent technique based on the rflp pattern and the sequence of the d1/d2 domain of the large subunit rrna gene. forty-four samples of rice leaf were collected randomly from six provinces. the dna was extracted from leaf washing samples and the d1/d2 domain was amplified using pcr technique. the pcr products were cloned and then screened by colony pcr. of total 1121 clones, 451 clones (40.2 %) reveal ... | 2015 | 25842038 |
| osrecq1, a qde-3 homologue in rice, is required for rna silencing induced by particle bombardment for inverted repeat dna, but not for double-stranded rna. | based on the nucleotide sequence of qde-3 in neurospora crassa, which is involved in rna silencing, rice (oryza sativa) mutant lines disrupted by the insertion of the rice retrotransposon tos17 were selected. homozygous individuals from the m(1) and m(2) generations were screened and used for further analyses. the expression of the gene was not detected in leaves or calli of the mutant lines, in contrast to the wild type (wt). induction of rna silencing by particle bombardment was performed to i ... | 2008 | 18564381 |
| putative functions of nucleoside diphosphate kinase in plants and fungi. | the putative functions of ndp (nucleoside diaphosphate) kinases from various organisms focusing to fungi and plants are described. the biochemical reactions catalyzed by ndp kinase are as follows. (i) phosphotransferring activity from mainly atp to cognate ndps generating nucleoside triphosphates (ntps). (ii) autophosphorylation activity from atp and gtp. (iii) protein kinase (phosphotransferring) activity phosphorylating such as myelin basic protein. ndp kinase could function to provide ntps as ... | 2003 | 12848342 |