| wild manihot species do not possess c4 photosynthesis. | cultivated cassava (manihot esculenta) has a higher rate of photosynthesis than is usual for c3 plants and photosynthesis is not light saturated. for these reasons it has been suggested that cultivated cassava could be derived from wild species possessing c4 photosynthesis. the natural abundance of 13c and activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and phosphoglycolate phosphatase were measured in leaves of 20 wild cassava species to test this hypothesis. all the species studied, including m. ... | 2002 | 12096814 |
| food safety and amino acid balance in processed cassava "cossettes". | processed cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) roots provide more than 60% of the daily energy intake for the population of the democratic republic of congo. insufficiently processed cassava roots in a diet deficient in sulfur amino acid have been reported to cause the irreversible paralytic disease konzo, afflicting thousands of women and children in the remote rural areas of bandundu province. "cossettes" (processed cassava roots) purchased in several markets of kinshasa were analyzed for their ... | 2002 | 11982439 |
| [is manioc a diabetogenic factor? apropos of a case of diabetes mellitus with a large consumption of crude manioc]. | the case of a 24 year-old comorian male patient consuming large amounts of cooked and uncooked cassava and suffering of malnutrition since his boyhood is reported. the patient presented a diabetes mellitus by chronic calcific pancreatitis with retinopathy and neuropathy. the protein deficiency associated with eating uncooked cassava may be recognised as a factor of calcific pancreatitis diabetes. other factors might be associated such as the environment as well as immunological and genetic chara ... | 2001 | 11845523 |
| properties and applications of starch-converting enzymes of the alpha-amylase family. | starch is a major storage product of many economically important crops such as wheat, rice, maize, tapioca, and potato. a large-scale starch processing industry has emerged in the last century. in the past decades, we have seen a shift from the acid hydrolysis of starch to the use of starch-converting enzymes in the production of maltodextrin, modified starches, or glucose and fructose syrups. currently, these enzymes comprise about 30% of the world's enzyme production. besides the use in starch ... | 2002 | 11796168 |
| upflow anaerobic sludge blanket treatment of starch wastewater containing cyanide. | treatment of tapioca starch wastewater containing cyanide using an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (uasb) process was investigated. sludge from an anaerobic lagoon treating tapioca starch wastewater was used as seed. performance of the uasb reactor with influent cyanide concentrations up to 25 mg/l was assessed. the inhibitory effects of cyanide were temporary and reversible. the process required longer recovery period for higher cyanide dosage. for 25 mg/l of cyanide concentration in the feed, ... | 2006 | 11765999 |
| structure determinants of substrate specificity of hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta. | tryptophan 128 of hydroxynitrile lyase of manihot esculenta (mehnl) covers a significant part of a hydrophobic channel that gives access to the active site of the enzyme. this residue was therefore substituted in the mutant mehnl-w128a by alanine to study its importance for the substrate specificity of the enzyme. wild-type mehnl and mehnl-w128a showed comparable activity on the natural substrate acetone cyanohydrin (53 and 40 u/mg, respectively). however, the specific activities of mehnl-w128a ... | 2002 | 11742123 |
| carbon from cassava peel, an agricultural waste, as an adsorbent in the removal of dyes and metal ions from aqueous solution. | cassava (manihot esculenta) is a short lived erect perennial shrub, planted vegetatively from hard wood stem cuttings. it is an important crop across a wide range of tropical environments and is a significant component of cropping systems. cassava peel is an agricultural waste from the food processing industry. activated carbons prepared from waste cassava peel employing physical and chemical methods were tested for their efficiency in the removal of dyes and metal ions from aqueous solution. wh ... | 2001 | 11601548 |
| unmanaged sexual reproduction and the dynamics of genetic diversity of a vegetatively propagated crop plant, cassava (manihot esculenta crantz), in a traditional farming system. | occurrence of intervarietal or interspecific natural crosses has been reported for many crop plants in traditional farming systems, underlining the potential importance of this source of genetic exchange for the dynamics of genetic diversity of crop plants. in this study, we use microsatellite loci to investigate the role of volunteer seedlings (plants originating from unmanaged sexual reproduction) in the dynamics of genetic diversity of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz), a vegetatively propag ... | 2001 | 11555234 |
| characterization of sucrose uptake system in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | a leaf disc system was developed to study sucrose uptake in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). the uptake of (u-(14)c) sucrose by cassava leaf discs followed michaelis-menten kinetics with a k(m) value for sucrose of 1.3 mm. it was found to be strongly inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents, n-ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate and iodoacetate. several metabolic inhibitors were also tested. among these, dinitrophenol, chlorocarbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone, phloridzin and vanadate inhib ... | 2001 | 11448748 |
| mechanistic aspects of cyanogenesis from active-site mutant ser80ala of hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta in complex with acetone cyanohydrin. | the structure and function of hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta (mehnl) have been analyzed by x-ray crystallography and site-directed mutagenesis. the crystal structure of the mehnl-s80a mutant enzyme has been refined to an r-factor of 18.0% against diffraction data to 2.1-a resolution. the three-dimensional structure of the mehnl-s80a-acetone cyanohydrin complex was determined at 2.2-a resolution and refined to an r-factor of 18.7%. thr11 and cys81 involved in substrate binding have b ... | 2001 | 11316882 |
| a comparative study of modified starches in direct compression of a water soluble drug-chloroquine phosphate. | some in vitro properties of chloroquine phosphate tablets formulated with four modified starches were investigated. the drug was formulated as tablets containing 250 mg of chloroquine phosphate and produced by the direct compression technique. the starches were isolated from maize, zea mays, rice, oryza sativa, cassava, manihot esculenta and cocoyam, zanthosoma sagittifolium. they were modified through physicochemical process, sta-rx 1500, a directly compressible starch was used as basis for com ... | 2013 | 11213430 |
| structure of hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta in complex with substrates acetone and chloroacetone: implications for the mechanism of cyanogenesis. | the crystal structures of hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta (mehnl) complexed with the native substrate acetone and substrate analogue chloroacetone have been determined and refined at 2.2 a resolution. the substrates are positioned in the active site by hydrogen-bond interactions of the carbonyl o atom with thr11 og, ser80 og and, to a lesser extent, cys81 sg. these studies support a mechanism for cyanogenesis as well as for the stereospecific mehnl-catalyzed formation of (s)-cyanohyd ... | 2001 | 11173464 |
| microsatellite variation in cassava (manihot esculenta, euphorbiaceae) and its wild relatives: further evidence for a southern amazonian origin of domestication. | genetic variation at five microsatellite loci was used to investigate the evolutionary and geographical origins of cassava (manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta) and the population structure of cassava's wild relatives. two hundred and twelve individuals were sampled, representing 20 crop accessions, 27 populations of cassava's closest wild relative (m. esculenta subsp. flabellifolia), and six populations of a potentially hybridizing species (m. pruinosa). seventy-three alleles were observed acros ... | 2001 | 11159133 |
| enzyme modification of starch granules: formation and retention of cyclomaltodextrins inside starch granules by reaction of cyclomaltodextrin glucanosyltransferase with solid granules. | cyclomaltodextrin glucanosyltransferase (cgtase) was adsorbed into starch granules and allowed to react at 37 degrees c. the reaction was conducted with the granules removed from an aqueous environment, but containing 50% w/w water inside the granule. reaction for 20 h gave a maximum of 1.4%, w/w of cyclodextrins (cds) inside the granule. waxy maize and maize starches gave the highest amounts of cds (1.3 and 1.4%, respectively), with tapioca and amylomaize-7 starches giving about 50% less (0.9 a ... | 2000 | 11093706 |
| hydrogen peroxide and flavan-3-ols in storage roots of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) during postharvest deterioration. | cassava storage roots are an important staple food throughout the lowland humid tropics. however, cassava suffers from a poorly understood storage disorder, known as postharvest physiological deterioration (ppd), which constrains its exploitation. in an attempt to broaden the understanding of ppd, nine different cassava cultivars were analyzed for specific compounds accumulating during the process. the production of hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) is involved in the early stages of ppd in cassava r ... | 2000 | 11087513 |
| cross-species amplification of cassava (manihot esculenta) (euphorbiaceae) microsatellites: allelic polymorphism and degree of relationship. | microsatellite amplification was performed on cassava (manihot esculenta) and six other different species (all wild) of the manihot genus. we used ten pairs of microsatellite primers previously developed from cassava, detecting 124 alleles in a sample of 121 accessions of the seven species. the number of alleles per locus ranged from four to 21 alleles, and allelic diversity was greater in the wild species than in cassava. seventy-nine alleles, including unique ones, were detected in the wild sp ... | 2000 | 11080115 |
| a convenient synthesis of optically active 5,5-disubstituted 4-amino- and 4-hydroxy-2(5h)-furanones from (s)-ketone cyanohydrins. | (s)-ketone cyanohydrins (s)-2 are accessible by enantioselective hcn addition to ketones 1 by using hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta ((s)-mehnl) as a biocatalyst. acylation of (s)-2 gave the corresponding (s)-acyloxynitriles (s)-3, which can be cyclized by lhmds to give 5,5-disubstituted (s)-4-amino-2(5h)-furanones (s)-4 and (s)-5. different substituents (h. me, obn, oh) in the 3-position of the furanones were introduced by selecting the appropriate acylating agent, which in the case ... | 2000 | 10961401 |
| effect of some fat replacers on the release of volatile aroma compounds from low-fat meat products. | the effect of fat content and carbohydrate fat-replacers on the release of volatile odor compounds from beefburger, salami, and frankfurter has been investigated. the reduction in fat content in any of the three meat products studied resulted in a tendency toward an increase in the quantities of volatiles released in the headspace. tapioca starch and maltodextrin appear to delay the release of certain classes of compounds selectively; for instance, tapioca starch appears to slow the release of s ... | 2000 | 10956136 |
| developing expressed sequence tags (ests) from polymorphic transcript-derived fragments (tdfs) in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | we applied the cdna-aflp (amplified fragment length polymorphism) technique to mrna from the parents of a cassava (manihot esculenta) genetic mapping population, and obtained more than 500 transcript-derived fragments (tdfs) that were unique in either parent. a subset of 50 tdfs were cloned and sequenced. sequence alignment of the expressed sequence tags (ests) revealed mostly genes of unknown function. six of the tdfs were mapped on to the cassava genetic map. we also demonstrated by genetic ma ... | 2000 | 10701114 |
| molecular characterization and expression of a cdna encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from cultured cells of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | a cdna, msod1, encoding cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (cuznsod) was cloned and characterized from cell cultures of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) which produce a high yield of sod. msod1 encodes a 152-amino acid polypeptide with a pi value of 5.84. southern analysis using an msod1-specific probe indicated that a single copy of the msod1 gene is present in the cassava genome. the msod1 gene is highly expressed in cultured cells, as well as in intact stems and tuberous roots. it i ... | 1999 | 10628864 |
| tapioca melanomas of the iris: immunohistology and report on two cases. | tapioca-like tumors are rare, and their benign or malignant nature is obscure without histological work-up. we report on the clinical and histological features of different types of tumors in two patients. | 1999 | 10333110 |
| evidence on the origin of cassava: phylogeography of manihot esculenta. | cassava (manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta) is a staple crop with great economic importance worldwide, yet its evolutionary and geographical origins have remained unresolved and controversial. we have investigated this crop's domestication in a phylogeographic study based on the single-copy nuclear gene glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (g3pdh). the g3pdh locus provides high levels of noncoding sequence variation in cassava and its wild relatives, with 28 haplotypes identified among 212 ... | 1999 | 10318928 |
| purification, partial amino acid sequence and structure of the product of raucaffricine-o-beta-d-glucosidase from plant cell cultures of rauwolfia serpentina. | plant cell suspension cultures of rauwolfia produce within 1 week approximately 250 nkat/l of raucaffricine-o-beta-d-glucosidase. a five step procedure using anion exchange chromatography, chromatography on hydroxylapatite, gel filtration and fplc-chromatography on mono q and mono p delivered in a yield of 0.9% approximately 1200-fold enriched glucosidase. a short protocol employing deae sepharose, tsk 55 s gel chromatography and purification on mono q gave a 5% recovery of glucosidase which was ... | 1999 | 10234858 |
| culture of cells at perfluorocarbon-aqueous interfaces. | protoplasts (wall-less cells) isolated enzymatically from leaf tissues of manihot esculenta, passiflora edulis and petunia parodii, and from cell suspensions of oryza sativa, passiflora giberti, petunia hybrida and salpiglossis sinuata, were cultured for up to 35 d at an interface between the inert, oxygen-gassed perfluorocarbon (pfc) liquid, perfluorodecalin, overlaid with liquid or semi-solidified aqueous media. the maximum increase in mitotic division, as assessed by initial plating efficienc ... | 1999 | 10226688 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of hydroxynitrile lyase from cassava (manihot esculenta). | hydroxynitrile lyase from m. esculenta (cassava) was crystallized in two different crystal forms by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. crystals of form i were obtained from a mixture of polyethylene glycol 8000 and 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, and belong to the tetragonal space group p41212 or its enantiomorph p43212, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 105.9, c = 188.9 a and with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. these crystals diffract to 2.9 a with conventional x-ray sources and beyond ... | 1999 | 10089330 |
| adenoma of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium mimicking a malignant melanoma of the iris. | adenomas of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium are rare tumors and are difficult to differentiate from amelanotic malignant melanomas of the ciliary body. we describe a 62-year-old woman with a nonpigmented, vascularized iris tumor with small satellites involving the anterior chamber angle. clinically, an amelanotic, tapioca, malignant melanoma of the iris was suggested although the blood-aqueous barrier was intact. a block excision of 7.5 mm, a tectonic corneoscleral graft, and a simultaneous ... | 1999 | 9930172 |
| the influence of added whey protein/carrageenan gels and tapioca starch on the textural properties of low fat pork sausages. | response surface methodology (rsm) was used for simultaneous analysis of the effects of added high gelling 35% whey protein concentrate, (0-12%)/carrageenan (0-3%) preformed gels with dry addition of tapioca starch (0-3%), on the physical, textural and sensory characteristics of low-fat fresh pork sausages. experimental design allowed for evaluation of potential interactive effects between these ingredients. sausages were evaluated for cookloss, water holding capacity (whc), mechanical texture a ... | 1999 | 22061535 |
| dietary composition and ovarian function among lese horticulturalist women of the ituri forest, democratic republic of congo. | to assess dietary composition in relation to energetic status and ovarian function. | 1998 | 9578338 |
| cyanogenesis in cassava. the role of hydroxynitrile lyase in root cyanide production | in the cyanogenic crop cassava (manihot esculenta, crantz), the final step in cyanide production is the conversion of acetone cyanohydrin, the deglycosylation product of linamarin, to cyanide plus acetone. this process occurs spontaneously at ph greater than 5. 0 or enzymatically and is catalyzed by hydroxynitrile lyase (hnl). recently, it has been demonstrated that acetone cyanohydrin is present in poorly processed cassava root food products. since it has generally been assumed that hnl is pres ... | 1998 | 9536038 |
| treatment of cyanide-containing wastewater from the food industry in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed methanogenic reactor. | during the process of producing cassava starch from manihot esculenta roots, large amounts of cyanoglycosides were released, which rapidly decayed to cn- following enzymatic hydrolysis. depending on the varying cyanoglycoside content of the cassava varieties, the cyanide concentration in the wastewater was as high as 200 mg/l. to simulate anaerobic stabilization, a wastewater with a chemical oxygen demand (cod) of about 20 g/l was prepared from cassava roots and was fermented in a fixed-bed meth ... | 1998 | 9534260 |
| effects of fat level, tapioca starch and whey protein on frankfurters formulated with 5% and 12% fat. | the effects of fat level (5% and 12%), tapioca starch and whey protein on the hydration/ binding properties, colour, textural and sensory characteristics of frankfurters were investigated. decreasing the fat content increased cook loss and decreased emulsion stability and product lightness. fat reduction increased smoke, spice and salt intensities and increased overall flavour intensity and juiciness. texture profile analysis (tpa) indicated that fat reduction decreased gumminess and cohesivenes ... | 1998 | 22062889 |
| occurrence of mycotoxins in raw ingredients used for animal feeding stuffs in the united kingdom in 1992. | examination of 330 samples of animal feed ingredients for the presence of a number of mycotoxins has been carried out. these samples were drawn from 186 animal feed mills in the united kingdom. aflatoxin b1 was the mycotoxin found most frequently, occurring in most samples of rice bran, maize products, palm kernels and cottonseed, but not in only 3 out of 20 samples of sunflower, in 1 out of 20 samples of soya and in no samples of peas, beans or manioc. analytical difficulties were met with some ... | 2015 | 9102349 |
| brief communication: first evidence of lsamat in non-native americans: historic senegalese from west africa. | to date, the distinctive dental wear pattern known as lsamat, or "lingual surface attrition of the maxillary anterior teeth," has been documented in prehistoric samples from brazil, panama, and puerto rico only. however, new data from a historic senegalese sample reveals the first example of this wear pattern outside the americas. the senegal lsamat is present in 45% of 22 adult crania, and is associated with a caries rate of 40% in 38 adults (6.7% of 534 permanent teeth). a correlation between ... | 1997 | 9034045 |
| cassava as a non-conventional filler in comminuted meat products. | cassava (manihot esculenta) was used as an unconventional filler to produce affordable comminuted meat products that stored well under tropical conditions without refrigeration. the study involved two experiments. in experiment 1, five different emulsion-type pork sausages containing 5.4, 9.0 and 10.0% mould-free cassava flour, 5.4% crude full fat soy flour and a control without filler were assessed 0 and 7 days after preparation. a 40-member taste panel sensorily assessed the products in a 5 × ... | 1996 | 22060829 |
| identification of potential active-site residues in the hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta by site-directed mutagenesis. | the hydroxynitrile lyase from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) (ec 4.1.2.37) catalyzes the decomposition of the achiral alpha-hydroxynitrile acetone cyanohydrin into hcn and acetone during cyanogenesis of damaged plants. this enzyme can also be used for stereoselective synthesis of a wide array of (s)-cyanohydrins by addition of hcn to aldehydes or ketones. optically active cyanohydrins are interesting intermediates for the synthesis of alpha-hydroxy acids, alpha-hydroxy ketones, or beta-ethan ... | 1996 | 8824213 |
| properties of alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase from the petiole of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase (hnl, acetone-cyanohydrin lyase, ec 4.1.2.37) was purified to homogeneity from petioles of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). the purified hnl is a homotetramer with a subunit molecular weight of 25,600 and an isoelectric point of 4.7. the hnl activity exhibits a ph optimum of 5.0 and is stable in the ph range of 6 to 11. the petiole hnl shows a simple michaelis-menten kinetics with km for acetone cyanohydrin of 4.0 +/- 0.9 mm and vmax of 46.2 +/- 5.0 micromol/min/mg. ... | 1996 | 8900417 |
| inheritance of random amplified polymorphic dna markers in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | the informativeness and inheritance of randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers were investigated in an intraspecific f1 progeny derived from two heterozygous parents. the analysis confirmed the utility of rapd markers for comparing candidate parents for the development of a molecular genetic map, and provided numerous markers for linkage analysis in a crop with a very limited history of classical or molecular genetic studies. six potential parental lines (themselves f1 hybrid clones) s ... | 1996 | 18469953 |
| regeneration of transgenic cassava plants (manihot esculenta crantz) from microbombarded embryogenic suspension cultures. | a protocol was established for the introduction of dna into embryogenic suspension-derived tissues of cassava via microparticle bombardment, for the selection of genetically transformed cells, and for the regeneration of fully transgenic plants from these cells. the plasmid dna used for bombardment contained a gene encoding neomycin phosphotransferase (nptii) and a gene encoding beta-glucuronidase (uida). selection of bombarded tissue with paromomycin resulted in the establishment of putative tr ... | 1996 | 9630980 |
| development of friable embryogenic callus and embryogenic suspension culture systems in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) | procedures for the production of a new and highly prolific embryogenic culture system have been developed in cassava. the importance of the basal salts and type of auxin in controlling the development of cassava embryogenic tissues has been demonstrated, with culture on gresshoff and doy basal medium in the presence of 4-amino-3,5,6,trichloro-picolinic acid (picloram) inducing the formation of friable embryogenic callus from which highly totipotent embryogenic suspension cultures could be establ ... | 1996 | 9630979 |
| cyanogenic and non-cyanogenic glycosides from manihot esculenta. | in addition to lotaustralin and linamarin, a novel cyanogenic glycoside, 2-((6-o-(beta-d-apiofuranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-2-met hylbutanenitrile , two novel non-cyanogenic glycosides, (2s)-((6-o-(beta-d-apiofuranosyl)-beta-d- glucopyranosyl)oxy)butane and 2-((6-o-(beta-d-apiofuranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy)propane, and a simple non-cyanogenic glycoside, ethyl beta-d-glucopyranoside, were isolated from an ethanolic extract of the fresh root cortex of manihot esculenta. from a methan ... | 1995 | 7492370 |
| investigation of the active site of the cyanogenic beta-d-glucosidase (linamarase) from manihot esculenta crantz (cassava). ii. identification of glu-198 as an active site carboxylate group with acid catalytic function. | the broad-specificity cyanogenic beta-d-glucosidase (beta-d-glucoside glucohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.21) (linamarase) from manihot esculenta crantz (cassava) was irreversibly inactivated by n-bromoacetyl-beta-d-glucopyranosylamine according to pseudo-first-order kinetics with a second-order efficiency constant (ki/ki = 0.1 min-1 m-1) identical for p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-glucopyranosidase, p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranosidase, and linamarase activities of the enzyme. the competitive inhibitor p-nitro ... | 1994 | 7986074 |
| studies on the effectiveness, safety and acceptability of fluids from local foodstuffs in the prevention and management of dehydration caused by diarrhoea in children. | two fluids derived from local staple food, manioc salt solution (mss) and pap salt solution (pss) were assessed and compared with the world health organization/oral rehydration solution (who/ors) in 333 children aged between 6 and 60 months in a clinical trial. all the children had some dehydration after episodes of acute watery diarrhoea using who criteria. all the children who were placed on mss and pss, as well as ors were satisfactorily rehydrated. there was no significant difference in pre- ... | 1994 | 7853442 |
| investigation of the active site of the cyanogenic beta-d-glucosidase (linamarase) from manihot esculenta crantz (cassava). i. evidence for an essential carboxylate and a reactive histidine residue in a single catalytic center. | the broad-specificity cyanogenic beta-d-glucosidase (beta-d-glucoside glucohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.21) (linamarase) from manihot esculenta crantz (cassava) was kinetically characterized in mixed substrate systems and with the transition-state analogue glucono(1-5)lactone and a series of 1-thio substrate analogues. the results indicate a common catalytic and a common sugar binding site in the enzyme for all of the investigated substrates. kinetic parameters of the hydrolysis of linamarin and p-nitrop ... | 1994 | 7944386 |
| purification, characterization, and cloning of alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase (hnl, acetone cyanohydrin lyase, ec 4.1.2.37) was purified to homogeneity from young leaves of the cyanogenic tropical crop plant cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). the purified protein is a homo-trimer with a subunit relative molecular mass of 28,500 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the active protein is not glycosylated and does not contain a flavin group. hnl exhibits complex kinetics which vary according to substrate concentration and ... | 1994 | 8203915 |
| nutritional characteristics of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) leaf protein concentrates obtained by ultrafiltration and acidic thermocoagulation. | some nutritional characteristics of cassava (manihot esculenta) leaf protein concentrates obtained by ultrafiltration were compared with that obtained by acidic thermocoagulation. protein concentrates did not show noticeable differences in their proximal composition and amino acids content. however, higher values of total carotene, available lysine, and in vitro digestibility were found, in contrast with less content of total cyanide in protein concentrates obtained by ultrafiltration. protein e ... | 1994 | 7971777 |
| notes on nambiquara demography. | total population, fertility, and differential mortality are described for the nambiquara of western mato grosso, brazil. the nambiquara are hunters and subsistence farmers of maize and manioc. communities are scattered clusters of 30 individuals, led by political "brothers." dravidian kinship and cross-cousin marriages predominate in exogamous marriages. western contact occurred after 1910 with the arrival of the telegraph line. missionary contact was during the 1920s, and claude levi-strauss vi ... | 1994 | 12319068 |
| what is a population? spouse import in the northwest amazon. | in northwest amazon societies, diverse groups marry across linguistic and geographic barriers: kinship and kin proximity occur according to cultural rules, and kinship, language, and residence may not be equated with genetic relatedness, as previously postulated. the assumption of genetic relatedness and random mating within a prescribed geographic zone or linguistic unit does not always hold true. models should be based on cultural determinants of population dynamics that are more sensitive to ... | 1994 | 12319063 |
| sensory and physical properties of a reduced-calorie frozen dessert system made with milk fat and sucrose substitutes. | effects of milk fat and sucrose substitutes on selected physical and sensory properties of a frozen dessert system were evaluated by sensory and instrumental methods. analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in textural attributes between sucrose and polydextrose-aspartame in freshly prepared frozen desserts and few differences after storage (140 d). polydextroseaspartame effectively compensated for functional properties that normally are conferred by sucrose and some that are co ... | 1994 | 8169278 |
| isolation and characterization of a cdna encoding granule-bound starch synthase in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) and its antisense expression in potato. | a tuber-specific cdna library of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) was constructed and a full-length cdna for granule-bound starch synthase (gbss, also known as waxy protein), the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of amylose in reserve starch, was cloned. sequencing of the cloned cdna showed that it has 74% identity with potato gbss and 60-72% identity with gbss from other plant species. the cdna encodes a 608 amino acid protein of which 78 amino acids form a chloroplast/amyloplast transit p ... | 1993 | 8260633 |
| novel characteristics of cassava, manihot esculenta crantz, a reputed c3-c 4 intermediate photosynthesis species. | the cassava plant, manihot esculenta, grows exceptionally well in low fertility and drought prone environments, but the mechanisms that allow this growth are unknown. earlier, and sometimes contradictory, work speculated about the presence of a c4-type photosynthesis in cassava leaves. in the present work we found no evidence for a c4 metabolism in mature attached cassava leaves as indicated i) by the low, 2 to 8%, incorporation of (14)co2 into c4 organic acids in short time periods, 10 s, and t ... | 1993 | 24317831 |
| toward the construction of a molecular map of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz): comparison of restriction enzymes and probe sources in detecting rflps. | the construction of a detailed genetic map of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz), classified as a tetraploid species, depends on the ability of cloned sequences to detect polymorphisms. as a first step in developing this map, 200 cloned nuclear sequences generated with different restriction enzymes were hybridized to total digested dna from eleven cultivated lines and one wild manihot species, m. aesculifolia. polymorphism was detected less frequently with both bamhi and ecori genomic probes tha ... | 1993 | 7765314 |
| tapioca melanoma of the iris. | clinical identification of tapioca melanoma of the iris is important because its medical treatment may differ from that of other malignant iris melanomas. the characteristic iris nodules must be differentiated from granulomatous uveitis, metastases, and lisch nodules (neurofibromatosis). we will discuss the anterior segment findings, secondary glaucoma, and fluorescein iris angiographic and histopathologic data from two patients, one with a single nodular type and one with a seeding type of tapi ... | 1993 | 8517592 |
| improvement of somatic embryogenesis and plant recovery in cassava. | methods for improving the efficiency of plant recovery from somatic embryos of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) were investigated by optimizing the maturation regime and incorporating a desiccation stage prior to inducing germination. somatic embryos were induced from young leaf lobes of in vitro grown shoots of cassava on murashige and skoog medium with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid. after 15 to 20 days of culture on induction medium, the somatic embryos were transferred to a hormone free m ... | 1993 | 24197258 |
| improvements of cyclic somatic embryogenesis of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | in cassava a cyclic system of somatic embryogenesis was developed. primary (torpedo shaped or germinated) embryos, originating from leaf lobes, could only be obtained after culture on solid medium. cyclic embryos, originating from embryos, could be obtained in both liquid and on solid medium. the production of embryos in liquid medium was distinctly higher, faster and more synchronized than on solid medium. lower densities and fragmentation of starting embryos improved the production significant ... | 1993 | 24197025 |
| cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) in the aetiology of kwashiorkor. | | 1993 | 19094305 |
| quality control of food products purchased by the national school-feeding programme in pernambuco, northeast brazil, from 1985 to 1988. | the effectiveness of the quality control system (qcs) implemented by the fundação de assistência ao escolar (fae) for quality control of food products from different types and origins purchased by the national school-feeding programme (nsfp) in pernambuco, northeast brazil, was evaluated. physicochemical, microbiological, microscopical and organopetical analyses were performed in 4,860 food samples and the main causes of alterations were detected. perishability was the characteristic used for di ... | 1992 | 1342181 |
| an optimized protocol for the production of high purity maltose. | an economical protocol, which is simple, rapid and reproducible for the production of maltose by enzymatic hydrolysis of tapioca starch, has been optimized. the protocol involves liquefaction of 35% (w/w) tapioca starch by bacterial α-amylase at 78±2°c to 3 to 5% (w/w) reducing sugars, followed by maximal (85±3% w/w maltose equivalent) saccharification with barley β-amylase and pullulanase at 50°c for 24 to 30 h. the post-saccharification recovery protocol comprised decolourization by charcoal, ... | 1992 | 24425521 |
| a molecular and biochemical analysis of the structure of the cyanogenic beta-glucosidase (linamarase) from cassava (manihot esculenta cranz). | the cyanogenic beta-glucosidase (linamarase) of cassava is responsible for the first step in the sequential break-down of two related cyanoglucosides. hydrolysis of these cyanoglucosides occurs following tissue damage and leads to the production of hydrocyanic acid. this mechanism is widely regarded as a defense mechanism against predation. a linamarase cdna clone (pcas5) was isolated from a cotyledon cdna library using a white clover beta-glucosidase heterologous probe. the nucleotide and deriv ... | 1992 | 1586156 |
| the biosynthesis of cyanogenic glucosides in seedlings of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | a microsomal system catalyzing the in vitro synthesis of the aglycones of the two cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin has been isolated from young etiolated seedlings of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). a prerequisite to obtain active preparations is the complete removal of the endosperm pellicle covering the cotyledons before seedling homogenization. the rates of conversion of the parent amino acids valine and isoleucine to their cyanohydrins are 19 and 6 nmol/h/mg protein, resp ... | 1992 | 1727632 |
| new interpretations in rhinosporidiosis, enigmatic disease of the last nine decades. | fungal etiology is widely quoted for the disease rhinosporidiosis. identity of the fungal sporangium and its relationship with the disease have baffled medical scientists and mycologists for several decades. this study provides unequivocal evidence against involvement of fungus in rhinosporidiosis. the so-called sporangium is found to be a unique body containing residue-loaded lysosomal bodies ('spores') for elimination from the system. 'sporangia' have been redesignated nodular bodies (nb) and ... | 1992 | 1617607 |
| socioeconomic, social behaviour and dietary patterns among malaysian aborigines and rural native malays. | the socioeconomic, social behaviour and dietary pattern of 100 aborigines and malays, aged 7 years and above from kuala pangsoon, selangor malaysia were studied by using pretested questionnaires. the individual's dietary intake was estimated using 24 hour recall for 3 days within one week which was chosen at random. the household's food consumption pattern was evaluated using food frequency questionnaires. there was no difference in the total income per month for both communities, as well as the ... | 1991 | 1839916 |
| tropical soil fertility changes under monocultures and successional communities of different structure. | for 5 yr we monitored the fertility of a volcanic-ash derived inceptisol at a site in the humid tropics of costa rica. after forest felling and burning, we established four treatments in a randomized block design with six blocks: a sequence of monocultures (two crops of maize [zea mays] followed by cassava [manihot esculenta], then the tree species cordia alliodora), successional vegetation, a mimic of successional vegetation that was physiognomically similar to the model but shared no species w ... | 1991 | 27755770 |
| hormonal and biochemical patterns in subjects from a new endemic goiter area in the central african republic. | hormonal serum patterns of 268 subjects, living in rural villages and in the chief town of the ouham province (bocaranga), were studied to accomplish a survey in this endemic goiter area of the central african republic (car). circulating tsh, tt3, tt4, ft4, rt3 and tg were determined in an accurately randomized population sample. urinary excretion of iodine and thiocyanate (scn) was also measured. the comparison of the mean values of such parameters with control values showed statistically signi ... | 1991 | 1726902 |
| influence of chronic sublethal cyanide on body weight in neonatal swine: implications for humans consuming cassava (manihot esculenta). | the consumption of cn- containing foods (particularly cassava) is pervasive among millions of humans throughout the tropics, yet very little is known about the long-term implications of this dietary pattern on growth. in this study liberian (west african) levels of dietary cyanide (cn- ) intakes were replicated in juvenile swine for 24 weeks to quantify the effects of specified, chronic, sublethal doses of this metabolic poison on body weight. twelve female and male littermates were partitioned ... | 1991 | 28520303 |
| isoelectric focusing of cassava protoplasts. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) protoplast was analyzed by using isoelectric focusing techniques. two populations, representing 68 and 32% of the total sample, with mean isoelectric points of 4.48 and 4.60, were obtained using mesophyll protoplasts. the use of this technique allows demonstration of a discontinuous distribution of protoplast isoelectric point from one species according to their surface potential. | 1991 | 16667975 |
| purification, characterization, and localization of linamarase in cassava. | we have purified cassava (manihot esculenta) linamarase to apparent homogeneity using a simplified extraction procedure using low ph phosphate buffer. three isozymes of cassava linamarase were identified in leaves based on differences in isoelectric point. the enzyme is capable of hydrolyzing a number of beta-glycosides in addition to linamarin. the enzyme is unusually stable and has a temperature optimum of 55 degrees c. immunogold labeling studies indicate that linamarase is localized in the c ... | 1990 | 16667431 |
| [thyroid hormone levels in persons without gout, residents of antananarivo, and in subjects consuming manioc]. | | 1990 | 2137924 |
| two evolutionary models for the interactions of dietary organic cyanogens, hemoglobins, and falciparum malaria. | significant regional and ethnic variations in hemoglobin s frequencies among 485 adult nonpregnant liberian women uniformly exposed to holoendemic falciparum malaria suggest that an additional major factor may influence the distribution of this hemoglobinopathy and the severity of the infectious disease with which it is causally associated. the differential consumption of organic cyanogen-rich cassava (manihot esculenta) foodstuffs and subsequent dosage-dependent in vivo exposure to sublethal cn ... | 1990 | 28520193 |
| comparison of various types of starch when used in meat sausages. | technological and sensory properties of meat sausages formulated with 4·0% of either potato flour, modified (acetylated distarch phosphate) potato starch, wheat, corn or tapioca starch were compared. sausages were analyzed after cooking at temperatures between 65 and 85°c followed by storage at 5°c and -25°c. characteristics evaluated were weight loss during cooking and storage, instrumentally and sensory assessed firmness, taste and smell of sausages. the results revealed differences in the sui ... | 1989 | 22056103 |
| sugar "allergy" and children's behavior. | sixteen children whose behavior was said to become aggressive, overly active, loud, and noncompliant when ingesting sugar were tested. sugar-free home diet was maintained and an "open" challenge to a large dose (3 g/kg) of candy bar sucrose was given. subsequent behavior was noted by actometer, quantitative playroom observation using several standard behavioral tests, and ability to do maze drawings. no significant changes were found on the open challenge test. a slight change from baseline was ... | 1988 | 3059850 |
| characterization of cyanogenic beta-glucosidase (linamarase) from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | linamarase (ec 3.2.1.21) was purified from cassava petiole, stem, and root cortex by ammonium sulfate precipitation, column chromatography on sepharose 6b, and chromatofocusing. the last step resolved the enzyme from each source into three forms with pi values of 4.3, 3.3, and 2.9. each form was found to be oligomeric, consisting of one kind of subunit, mr 63,000. the major isozyme with a pi of 4.3 from petiole showed a km for linamarin of 0.6 mm and possessed both beta-glucosidase and beta-fuco ... | 1988 | 3140730 |
| immobilization of linamarase and its use in the determination of bound cyanide in cassava using flow injection analysis. | extracts from the tubers (cortex and parenchyma) and leaves of manihot esculenta crantz (cassava) were analyzed for their releasable cyanide content using flow injection analysis incorporating an immobilized linamarase bioreactor. linamarase was immobilized under very mild conditions to an activated 2-fluoro-n-methylpyridinium fractogel support. the released cyanide, which was monitored spectrophotometrically at 525 nm using an alkaline picrate reagent, was found to be highest in the cortex and ... | 1988 | 3142290 |
| [tapioca melanoma of the iris]. | | 1988 | 3048718 |
| [tapioca melanoma of the iris]. | | 2016 | 2973640 |
| continuous enteral nutrition during the early adaptive stage of the short bowel syndrome. | sixty-two patients with the short bowel syndrome (30-150 cm) were managed by continuous enteral nutrition (cen) in the early adaptive phase. in all, 82 per cent were referrals from other units and 85 per cent of referrals had failure of one or more organ systems on admission. there were intra-abdominal abscesses in 41 per cent of patients and 37 per cent had an enterocutaneous fistula. the diet included polysaccharides, medium chain triglycerides and protein hydrolysates, mixed with a high-visco ... | 1988 | 3134973 |
| [geographical distribution and pathogenesis of chronic calcifying pancreatitis in tropical zones. results of a multicenter survey in french-speaking black africa]. | chronic calcifying pancreatitis (ccp) is rare in countries with low alcohol consumption except in some tropical countries where malnutrition is widespread (southwest india) and in which ccp occurs in young non-alcoholics. in black africa sporadic cases of ccp have been reported in english-speaking countries (uganda, nigeria). the purpose of this study was to: a) assess the geographical distribution of ccp in french-speaking africa; b) estimate the relative proportion of alcoholic ccp (accp) and ... | 1988 | 3402687 |
| determination of cyanide and cyanogenic compounds in biological systems. | a survey of methods for the qualitative and quantitative determination of cyanide and cyanogenic compounds is presented. particular attention is paid to determination in complex matrices. chromatographic methods able to separate mixtures of closely related structures, such as glycosides of enantiomeric hydroxynitriles or lipids with slightly differing fatty acid spectra, are included, as are highly selective methods of detection, such as enzymic post-column cleavage combined with electrochemical ... | 1988 | 3073056 |
| native starch in tablet formulations: properties on compaction. | maize, potato, rice and tapioca (cassava) starch were evaluated with respect to their properties on direct compression. rice starch showed much better compactibility as compared to maize, potato and tapioca starch. moreover, its binding capacity proved to be almost insensitive to mixing with magnesium stearate. this in contrast to the dramatic decrease in crushing strength of potato starch tablets containing the lubricant. the compactibility of the starches was found to be strongly affected by t ... | 1987 | 3432037 |
| in vitro somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of cassava. | an efficient and reproducible plant regeneration system, initiated in somatic tissues, has been devised for cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). somatic embryogenesis has been induced from shoot tips and immature leaves of in vitro shoot cultures of 15 cassava genotypes. somatic embryos developed directly on the explants when cultured on a medium containing 4-16 mg/l 2,4-d. differences were observed with respect to the embryogenic capacity of the explants of different varieties. secondary embryog ... | 1987 | 24248665 |
| the dangers of cassava (tapioca) consumption. | cassava (tapioca) is a worldwide staple food consumed by over 800 million people. it contains cyanide which may lead to acute toxicity or chronically may be an aetiological factor in tropical nutritional amblyopia, tropical neuropathy, endemic goitre, cretinism and tropical diabetes. it may also have carcinogenic potential. however, despite nutritional limitations it has many advantages as a crop to the subsistence farmer and would be difficult to replace. | 1987 | 28906749 |
| c3-c 4 intermediate photosynthetic characteristics of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) : ii. initial products of(14)co 2 fixation. | cassava, bean and maize leaves were fed with(14)co2 in light and the primary products of photosynthesis identified 5 and 10 seconds after assimilation. in maize, approximately three quarters of the labelled carbon was incorporated in c4 acids, in beans about two thirds in pga, and in cassava approximately 40-60% in c4 acids with 30-50% in pga. these data indicate that cassava possesses the c4 photosynthetic cycle, however due to the lack of typical kranz anatomy appreciable carbon assimilation t ... | 1987 | 24435690 |
| c3-c 4 intermediate photosynthetic characteristics of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) : i. gas exchange. | the gas exchange characteristics of cassava were compared with one c3 species, common bean, and two c4 species, maize and amaranthus. cassava leaf photorespiration, about 12% of maximum net photosynthesis in normal air, and the co2 release in co2-free air under intense light were lower than the values typically reported for c3 species. the co2 compensation point of whole leaves (25 cm(3) co2m(-3)) was intermediate between c3 and c4 species values.gas exchange was restricted to either the upper o ... | 1987 | 24435689 |
| [optic neuritis caused by manioc]. | | 2004 | 3153826 |
| [manioc starch: an excipient used in tableting]. | | 2006 | 3761131 |
| exocrine pancreatic function of children from the ivory coast compared to french children. effect of kwashiorkor. | one hundred nineteen children, either french or from the ivory coast, aged 1-8 years, were submitted to pancreatic function testing by duodenal aspiration. trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, phospholipase, amylase, volume, bicarbonate, chloride, and calcium were estimated before and after an intravenous injection of 1 cu secretin + 3 chr units pancreozymin per kilogram of body weight. sixty-two patients were normal european children, and 11 were normal african children. twenty-five african children ... | 1986 | 3009110 |
| [government policies and actions in burundi in the area of rural development]. | this article discusses policies and actions designed by the government of burundi to assure food self-sufficiency and to improve living conditions in rural areas. burundi has had a long history of food self-sufficiency due to good soils, adequate rainfall, and hard work by the rural population. in the past 3 decades, however, the food supply has been threatened by various factors including soil erosion and rapid population increase. the government has undertaken a reforestation program which cov ... | 2014 | 12268240 |
| [new area of endemic goiter : the northeast bénoué, (north cameroon)]. | endemic goiter was thought to essentially spread in the southern part of cameroun. in fact the north-east benoué (neb) area also appears to be concerned. we studied 1242 individuals from 5 representative villages. the overall goiter frequency was 28.4%. study of emigrants showed a spreading of the endemic area towards the boundary part of tchad. however increase of morbidity was related to the duration of settlement in neb (18% after 1 year vs 34% after 5 years, p less than 0.01). samples of uri ... | 1986 | 3827198 |
| audiological screening of amerindians of the suriname rainforest. | audiological screening tests were conducted among a remote, relatively noise-free population of amerindians in the deep rainforests of surinam, south america. these preliminary tests, the initial step in a planned long-term study, were the first such examinations on these people, and were intended to examine the overall audiological health of the population as a function of age and sex. audiological testing of this non-technological population was more challenging than conventional test situatio ... | 1986 | 3704543 |
| [technological improvement of the production of cachiri, a fermented beverage made from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) of indigenous origin]. | | 1986 | 3618073 |
| fine structure of tapioca melanoma of the iris. | a case of a tapioca melanoma of the iris is studied by light and electron microscopy. nodular elevations of the tumour were composed of spindle b- and epitheloid cells and of what appeared to be intermediate types. tiny structures scattered over the entire tumour consisted of smaller epitheloid cells, many of which were found around superficial tumour vessels. evidently, tapioca melanoma of the iris does not represent any specific histopathological entity. tapioca melanoma of the iris is a low-g ... | 1985 | 4075959 |
| tuberization in cassava (manihot esculenta): cytokinin and abscisic acid activity in tuberous roots. | the nature and distribution of cytokinins and abscisic acid in tuberous roots of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) was studied. trans-ribosylzeatin, dihydrozeatin and trans-zeatin were tentatively identified as the major cytokinins in tuberous root extracts. cytokinin activity was concentrated in the meristematic region of the secondary xylem and in the phloem. this suggests a role for cytokinins in the regulation of meristematic activity which is responsible for the growth of the tuberous root ... | 1985 | 23196078 |
| source-to-sink gradient of potassium in the phloem. | the potassium contents of bark strips of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) and of phloem exudate of castor bean (ricinus communis l.) were analyzed at different regions of the stem. in cassava, a peak in potassium content was observed near the first mature leaf, leveling off both above and below this point. in castor bean, only a downward decreasing gradient was observed. in both plants, the direction of the potassium gradient coincided with the presumed direction of assimilate flow. | 1985 | 24249345 |
| photosynthetic responses of cassava cultivars (manihot esculenta crantz) from different habitats to temperature. | maximum photosynthetic co2 exchange rates (pn) of single attached leaves were determined for several cassava cultivars selected from different habitats and grown in pots outdoors at ciat, colombia, s.a. pn rates were in a narrow range of 22 to 26 μmol co2 m(-2)s(-1) for all cultivars tested when measured at high photon flux density, normal air, optimum temperature and with low leaf-air vapor pressure differences. for all tested cultivars (9 cvs.), there was a broad optimum temperature for pn bet ... | 1984 | 24458700 |
| the time and energy expenditure of indigenous women horticulturalists in the northwest amazon. | the energy cost of subsistence activities and the daily time and energy budgets of tatuyo women were assessed as part of a village energy flow study. the tatuyo are swidden horticulturalists relying on bitter manioc (manihot esculenta) as a staple crop. except for the actual felling of new gardens, women are responsible for most of the horticultural work and food preparation. time budgets were assessed using 24-hour activity diaries. rates of energy expenditure in typical activities were measure ... | 1984 | 6496659 |
| starch phosphorylase from tapioca (manihot utilissima) tuber: isolation and some physico-chemical properties. | | 1984 | 6526410 |
| changes of cyanide content and linamarase activity in wounded cassava roots. | when cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) root was cut into blocks and incubated under laboratory conditions, the blocks showed more widespread and more even symptoms of physiological deterioration than those under natural conditions. thus, the tissue block system has potential for biochemical studies of natural deterioration of cassava root. the changes in cyanide content and linamarase (linamarin beta-d-glucoside glucohydrolase; ec 3.2.1.21) activity in various tissues during physiological deter ... | 1983 | 16662957 |
| tapioca melanoma of the iris: a contribution to the fine structure and its significance. | a case of iris malignant melanoma, macroscopically classified as tapioca melanoma, was studied by electron microscopy. the tumor originated in the left eye of a patient, and a specimen was obtained during iridociclectomy. two main types of cells were found: the differences between them concerned mainly the golgi complex, mitochondria, rer and free ribosomes. the melanotic bodies, scantly represented, were carefully examined. the ultrastructural findings enabled us to classify these two types of ... | 1983 | 6843964 |
| is the adult protein-energy malnutrition syndrome the same as that described in the infant? | protein-energy malnutrition, a multi-factorial disease, has been described predominantly in the infant. it was the aim of this research to give a biochemical assessment of the adult form and to compare it to the infantile syndrome within the same socio-cultural context of central zaïre (kwilu region). thirty-four children, 22 women and 2 men suffering from marasmic kwashiorkor at the hospital of yasa-bonga (kwilu) were submitted to a complete set of 7 anthropometric and 60 biochemical tests. the ... | 1983 | 6416888 |
| [post-traumatic nodular scleroderma]. | scleroderma of rare appearance in children appears in minor scale as to the five per cent on the whole incidence of this collagen disease. the children usually present localized scleroderma and at times associated with other pathologies, traumatisms and injections were referred. two patients aged 5 and 13 years old are presented, both with nodular lesions on anterolateral thigh area, and in the right buttock respectively. the patches of a side bigger than the palm of hand were only touchable and ... | 1983 | 6366390 |
| cassava: a basic energy source in the tropics. | cassava (manihot esculenta) is the fourth most important source of food energy in the tropics. more than two-thirds of the total production of this crop is used as food for humans, with lesser amounts being used for animal feed and industrial purposes. the ingestion of high levels of cassava has been associated with chronic cyanide toxicity in parts of africa, but this appears to be related to inadequate processing of the root and poor overall nutrition. although cassava is not a complete food i ... | 1982 | 7134971 |