| human igg antibody response to aedes aegypti nterm-34 kda salivary peptide as an indicator to identify areas at high risk for dengue transmission: a retrospective study in urban settings of vientiane city, lao pdr. | using human igg antibody response to the aedes nterm-34 kda salivary peptide as an indicator of human exposure to aedes bites in surveying exposed populations from areas at risk of dengue virus (denv) transmission in urban settings of vientiane city, lao pdr. | 2014 | 24641205 |
| immuno-chromatographic wicking assay for the rapid detection of dengue viral antigens in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | there is a threat for dengue virus (denv) reemergence in many regions of the world, particularly in areas where the denv vectors, aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse), are readily available. however, there are currently no accurate and reliable diagnostic methods to provide critical, real-time information for early detection of denv within the vector populations to implement appropriate vector control and personal protective measures. in this article, we report the ability of an immun ... | 2014 | 24605472 |
| field validation of the gravid aedes trap (gat) for collection of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | current surveillance methods for adult aedes aegypti (l.) are expensive, require electrical power (e.g., the bg-sentinel trap, bgs), are labor intensive (aspirators), or require difficult to use and costly adhesives (sticky ovitraps). field trials were conducted in cairns (australia) to compare the efficacy of the newly designed gravid aedes trap (gat) against existing sticky ovitraps (mosquitrap and double sticky ovitrap) and the bgs. latin square design trials confirmed that alarge gat using a ... | 2014 | 24605471 |
| imported cases of dengue in poland and their diagnosis. | infections with dengue virus are transmitted by mosquitoes. in tropical areas, it is mainly spread by aedes aegypti while in countries with lower temperatures by aedes albopictus. since 2010, autochthonous cases of dengue are also reported in europe. there are 4 serotypes of dengue virus (denv). no correlation between clinical presentation of disease and virus type, however, were determined. nevertheless, reinfection with different type of denv may lead to a serious, life-threatening condition. ... | 2014 | 25848785 |
| [risk factors associated to the epidemic outbreak of dengue virus infection.] | objective: to identify the risk factors associated to the epidemic of dengue virus infections occurred at queretaro, mexico. methods: a case-control study was carried out on 49 cases and 49 controls. the data included: age, sex, residency, schooling, occupation, clinical data, sources infected with aedes aegypti, travelling, source of waters, and protection to water recipients. the protection to door and windows was investigated. χ(2) test and odds ratio were estimated. results: the age group of ... | 2013 | 24290012 |
| susceptibility status of aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) to temephos in venezuela. | temephos is an insecticide widely used in venezuela to control the proliferation of the larvae of aedes aegypti (l.), the principal vector of dengue virus. the aim of this study was to identify the susceptibility to temephos of ae. aegypti in four locations in western venezuela: lara, tres esquinas, ureña and pampanito. larval bioassays were conducted on samples collected in 2008 and 2010, and the levels of α- and β-esterases, mixed-function oxidases, glutathione-s-transferase and insensitive ac ... | 2014 | 24282132 |
| vector population manipulation for control of arboviruses--a novel prospect for india. | india, the seventh largest country in the world, has diverse geographical and climatic regions with vast rural and peri-urban areas. many are experiencing an escalation in the spread and intensity of numerous human diseases transmitted by insects. classically, the management of these vector-borne diseases is underpinned by either chemical insecticides and/or environmental management targeted at the vector. however, these methods or their present implementation do not offer acceptable levels of c ... | 2014 | 24254373 |
| seasonal prevalence of aedes aegypti in urban and industrial areas of dibrugarh district, assam. | in dibrugarh district, one of the most populous districts of assam, there is a potential risk of dengue virus transmission by the mosquito aedes aegypti during the autumn, in the urban and industrial areas of the district. the seasonal patterns of oviposition activity and abundance of breeding sites of this vector were studied in two areas of the district. from january 2010 to december 2010, we examined a total of 767 ovitraps and 6562 water filled containers. both study areas showed high percen ... | 2013 | 24189673 |
| behavioral responses of two dengue virus vectors, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae), to duet and its components. | ultralow volume droplets of duet, prallethrin, and sumithrin at a sublethal dose were applied to unfed (nonbloodfed) and bloodfed female aedes aegypti l. and aedes albopictus (skuse) in a wind tunnel. control spray droplets only contained inert ingredients. individual mosquitoes were videotaped before, during, and after spraying and various behaviors analyzed. during the spray periods of all three pesticide treatments, mosquitoes spent a greater percentage of time moving, and the distance moved ... | 2013 | 24180111 |
| the enzyme 3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase as potential target for 1,2,4-oxadiazoles with larvicide activity against the dengue vector aedes aegypti. | the mosquito aedes aegypti is the vector agent responsible for the transmission of yellow fever and dengue fever viruses to over 80 million people in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. exhaustive efforts have lead to a vaccine candidate with only 30% effectiveness against the dengue virus and failure to protect patients against the serotype 2. hence, vector control remains the most viable route to dengue fever control programs. we have synthesized a class of 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivati ... | 2013 | 24095017 |
| genetic and evolutionary analysis of cell-fusing agent virus based on thai strains isolated in 2008 and 2012. | increasing attention is being devoted to ecological and evolutionary relationships between insect-specific flaviviruses and globally important human-pathogenic flaviviruses such as dengue viruses. one such insect flavivirus, cell-fusing agent virus (cfav), remains poorly investigated. in this study, we isolated 13 and 16 cfav strains from aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected in thailand in 2008 and 2012, respectively, and performed genetic and evolutionary analyses based on gene regions encoding t ... | 2013 | 23871775 |
| aedes (stegomyia) aegypti in the continental united states: a vector at the cool margin of its geographic range. | after more than a half century without recognized local dengue outbreaks in the continental united states, there were recent outbreaks of autochthonous dengue in the southern parts of texas (2004-2005) and florida (2009-2011). this dengue reemergence has provoked interest in the extent of the future threat posed by the yellow fever mosquito, aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.), the primary vector of dengue and yellow fever viruses in urban settings, to human health in the continental united states. a ... | 2013 | 23802440 |
| aedes aegypti saliva contains a prominent 34-kda protein that strongly enhances dengue virus replication in human keratinocytes. | | 2014 | 23752041 |
| development and laboratory evaluation of chemically-based baited ovitrap for the monitoring of aedes aegypti. | aedes (stegomyia) aegypti is considered to be the most important dengue vector worldwide. studies were conducted to design and evaluate a chemically-based baited ovitrap for monitoring ae. aegypti under laboratory conditions. several known chemical attractants and three types of ovitraps (ovitraps a, b, and c) were evaluated throughout the oviposition bioassays. oviposition responses of gravid female ae. aegypti were evaluated to n-heneicosane, 3-methylindole (skatole), 4-methylphenol (p-cresol) ... | 2013 | 23701623 |
| vertical distribution of aedes mosquitoes in multiple storey buildings in selangor and kuala lumpur, malaysia. | the aim of the present study was to determine the vertical distribution and abundance of aedes mosquitoes in multiple storey buildings in selangor and kuala lumpur, malaysia. ovitrap surveillance was conducted for 4 continuous weeks in multiple storey buildings in 4 residential areas located in selangor [kg. baiduri (kb)] and kuala lumpur [student hostel of university of malaya (um), kg. kerinchi (kk) and hang tuah (ht)]. the results implied that aedes mosquitoes could be found from ground floor ... | 2013 | 23665706 |
| comparative analysis of midgut bacterial communities of aedes aegypti mosquito strains varying in vector competence to dengue virus. | differences in midgut bacterial communities of aedes aegypti, the primary mosquito vector of dengue viruses (denv), might influence the susceptibility of these mosquitoes to infection by denv. as a first step toward addressing this hypothesis, comparative analysis of bacterial communities from midguts of mosquito strains with differential genetic susceptibility to denv was performed. 16s rrna gene libraries and real-time pcr approaches were used to characterize midgut bacterial community composi ... | 2013 | 23636307 |
| larvicidal activity of lipophilic extract of hypericum carinatum (clusiaceae) against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) and benzophenones determination. | in this study, the larvicidal activity of an enriched fraction of the major lipophilic phenolic compounds from hypericum carinatum griseb. (clusiaceae) was investigated against larvae of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae), the main vector of dengue virus in brazil. the larval mortality rate ranged 37.33 to 72.00 % at concentrations of 66-200 μg/ml. the effect demonstrated to be dose-dependent. the lethal concentration 50 % and confidence interval were 100 and 88-111 μg/ml, respectively. the resu ... | 2013 | 23559380 |
| modelling the use of wolbachia to control dengue fever transmission. | experiments and field trials have shown that the intracellular bacterium wolbachia may be introduced into populations of the mosquito aedes aegypti, the primary vector for dengue fever. in the absence of wolbachia, a mosquito acquiring the dengue virus from an infected human enters an exposed (infected but not infectious) period before becoming infectious itself. a wolbachia-infected mosquito that acquires dengue (i) may have a reduced lifespan, so that it is less likely to survive the exposed p ... | 2013 | 23535905 |
| molecular investigations of dengue virus during outbreaks in orissa state, eastern india from 2010 to 2011. | dengue is one of the most important arboviral diseases in india. orissa state in eastern india reported the first dengue outbreak in 2010, followed by extensive outbreaks in 2011, affecting large number of people. detailed entomological, serological and phylogenetic investigations were performed in mosquitoes and patients serum collected from dengue virus (denv) affected areas of orissa. the combination of denv specific igm capture-elisa and reverse-transcription pcr (rt-pcr) detected high denv ... | 2013 | 23523598 |
| susceptibility of larval aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) to dengue virus. | mosquitoes vertically transmit many arthropod borne viruses, and as a consequence arboviruses are often present within the larval environment. we tested the hypothesis that aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) larvae were susceptible to dengue virus through two infection methods: exposure to dengue in the larval growth environment via viral supernatant, and exposure to infected tissue culture along with viral supernatant. in addition to investigating for the first time the susceptibil ... | 2013 | 23427668 |
| large diurnal temperature fluctuations negatively influence aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) life-history traits. | seasonal variation in dengue virus transmission in northwestern thailand is inversely related to the magnitude of diurnal temperature fluctuations, although mean temperature does not vary significantly across seasons. we tested the hypothesis that diurnal temperature fluctuations negatively influence epidemiologically important life-history traits of the primary dengue vector, aedes aegypti (l.), compared with a constant 26 degrees c temperature. a large diurnal temperature range (dtr) (approxim ... | 2013 | 23427651 |
| [an imported dengue fever case in turkey and review of the literature]. | dengue fever is an acute viral disease that can affect all age groups in tropical and subtropical countries. the predominant vectors are the mosquitoes namely aedes aegypti and a.albopictus. although there have been no case reports in turkey due to df, there is seroepidemiological evidence indicating the presence of dengue virus (denv) in turkey. in this case report we presented an imported dengue fever case. the patient was 40 years old, previously healthy male, switzerland citizen. he had immi ... | 2013 | 23390916 |
| a review of dengue as an emerging disease in pakistan. | the presence of dengue virus has been detected using neutralization and haemagglutination inhibition antibodies in local populations in pakistan since the 1960s. however, the first epidemic was not reported until 1994. this was followed by some cases in 1995, but the disease was confined to the port city of karachi. since 2006, dengue epidemics have occurred every year and the range has extended to most cities in pakistan. dengue now affects thousands of people and has caused hundreds of deaths. ... | 2013 | 23219263 |
| dengue virus type 4 in niterói, rio de janeiro: the role of molecular techniques in laboratory diagnosis and entomological surveillance. | in niterói, state of rio de janeiro, dengue virus type 4 (denv-4) was isolated for the first time in march 2011. we analysed the laboratory findings of the first cases and evaluated the use of molecular techniques for the detection of denv-4 in aedes aegypti that were field-caught. conventional reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and simplexa™ dengue real-time rt-pcr confirmed denv-4 infection in all cases. additionally, denv-4 was confirmed in a female ae. aegypti with 1.08 ... | 2012 | 23147153 |
| selective inhibitors of digestive enzymes from aedes aegypti larvae identified by phage display. | dengue is a serious disease transmitted by the mosquito aedes aegypti during blood meal feeding. it is estimated that the dengue virus is transmitted to millions of individuals each year in tropical and subtropical areas. dengue control strategies have been based on controlling the vector, ae. aegypti, using insecticide, but the emergence of resistance poses new challenges. the aim of this study was the identification of specific protease inhibitors of the digestive enzymes from ae. aegypti larv ... | 2013 | 23142191 |
| resistance of aedes aegypti (l.) larvae to temephos in surabaya, indonesia. | the resistance of aedes aegypti mosquitoes to insecticides threatens dengue virus control efforts. in this study, ae. aegypti larvae collected from 12 subdistricts in surabaya, indonesia, where dengue is endemic, were tested for resistance to the organophosphate, temephos. susceptibility testing, performed according to world health organization (who) methods, showed all field strains were resistant to temephos at a dose of 0.012 mg/l, with mortality rates at 24 hours of 22% to 60%. another susce ... | 2012 | 23082551 |
| diversity of containers and buildings infested with aedes aegypti in puerto iguazú, argentina. | aedes aegypti is the main domestic vector of the dengue virus. control measures to prevent dengue transmission focus on the treatment and elimination of this vector's oviposition sites. there is limited biological information on ae. aegypti in argentina. the aim of this study was to characterize ae. aegypti oviposition sites in the city of puerto iguazú, argentina. we surveyed an area covering nine neighborhoods in 2005. we identified 191 premises as positive for ae. aegypti, giving a general ho ... | 2012 | 23033195 |
| vector competence of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) for dengue virus in the florida keys. | in 2009-2011, monroe county in southern florida experienced locally acquired and traveler-imported focal dengue outbreaks. aedes aegypti (l.) is the primary vector of dengue virus (denv) worldwide, is prevalent in monroe county, and is the suspected vector in florida. ae. albopictus (skuse) is also known to be an important vector of denv and this species is ubiquitous in florida; however, it is not yet established in monroe county. florida ae. aegypti (key west and stock island geographic coloni ... | 2012 | 22897056 |
| mosquito vector biology and control in latin america--a 22nd symposium. | the 22nd annual latin american symposium presented by the american mosquito control association (amca) was held as part of the 78th annual meeting in austin, tx, in february 2012. the principal objective, as for the previous 21 symposia, was to promote participation in the amca by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from latin america. this publication includes summaries of 21 presentations that were given orally in spanish or presented as posters by participants ... | 2012 | 22894120 |
| update on temporal and spatial abundance of dengue vectors in penang, malaysia. | it is important to obtain frequent measurements of the abundance, distribution, and seasonality of mosquito vectors to determine the risk of disease transmission. the number of cases of dengue infection has increased in recent years on penang island, malaysia, with recurring epidemics. however, ongoing control attempts are being critically hampered by the lack of up-to-date information regarding the vectors. to overcome this problem, we examined the current situation and distribution of dengue v ... | 2012 | 22894118 |
| immune transcript variations among aedes aegypti populations with distinct susceptibility to dengue virus serotype 2. | the innate immune response of insects is one of the factors that may dictate their susceptibility to viral infection. two immune signaling pathways, toll and jak-stat, and the rna interference (rnai) pathway are involved in aedes aegypti responses against dengue virus (denv), however natural differences in these antiviral defenses among mosquito populations have not been studied. here, two field ae. aegypti populations from distinct ecological environments, one from recife and the other from pet ... | 2012 | 22877626 |
| solution structure of fk506-binding protein 12 from aedes aegypti. | dengue remains one of the major public concerns as the virus eludes the immune response. currently, no vaccines or antiviral therapeutics are available for dengue prevention or treatment. immunosuppressive drug fk506 shows an antimalarial activity, and its molecular target, fk506-binding protein (fkbp), was identified in human plasmodium parasites. likewise, a conserved fkbp family protein has also been identified in aedes aegypti (aafkbp12), which is expected to play a similar role in the life ... | 2012 | 22806993 |
| vertical transmission of dengue virus in aedes aegypti collected in surabaya, indonesia, during 2008-2011. | | 2012 | 22627316 |
| aedes aegypti saliva enhances dengue virus infection of human keratinocytes by suppressing innate immune responses. | | 2012 | 22475758 |
| larvicidal and adulticidal activity of chroman and chromene analogues against susceptible and permethrin-resistant mosquito strains. | mosquitoes play a major role as vectors that transmit parasitic and viral diseases worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. mosquito borne diseases not only affect humans but they also affect livestock in many parts of the world. they carry diseases that are lethal to dogs and horses. dog heartworm disease (dirofilaria immitis) is a parasitic disease spread through mosquitoes. this disease is not limited to dogs, but it can affect other animals and humans as well. eastern equ ... | 2016 | 27249182 |
| why zika virus infection has become a public health concern? | prior to 2015, zika virus (zikv) outbreaks had occurred in areas of africa, southeast asia, and the pacific islands. although a causal relationship between zika infection during pregnancy and microcephaly is strongly suspected, such a connection has not yet been scientifically proven. in may 2015, the outbreak of zikv infection in brazil led to reports of syndrome and pregnant women giving birth to babies with birth defects and poor pregnancy outcomes; the pan american health organization (paho) ... | 2016 | 27052792 |
| easy and inexpensive molecular detection of dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses in febrile patients. | dengue (denv), chikungunya (chikv) and zika (zikv) are arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) sharing a common vector, the mosquito aedes aegypti. at initial stages, patients infected with these viruses have similar clinical manifestations, however, the outcomes and clinical management of these diseases are different, for this reason early and accurate identification of the causative virus is necessary. this paper reports the development of a rapid and specific nested-pcr for detection of denv, c ... | 2016 | 27477452 |
| relationship between aedes aegypti production and occurrence of escherichia coli in domestic water storage containers in rural and sub-urban villages in thailand and laos. | in a cross-sectional survey in one rural and one suburban village each in thailand and laos the relationship between aedes aegypti production and escherichia coli contamination in household water storage containers was investigated. entomological and microbiological surveys were conducted in 250 and 239 houses in thailand and laos, respectively. entomological indices across all four villages were high, indicating a high risk for dengue transmission. significantly more ae. aegypti pupae were prod ... | 2013 | 23499713 |
| first case of zika virus infection in a hiv+ patient. | zika virus is an enveloped, single-stranded rna virus that belongs to the flavivirus genre. as with arbovirus, it is transmitted by arthropods (mosquitoes), both aedes aegypti (urban) and albopictus (rural). zika virus was first isolated in 1947 from monkeys in uganda. the first human cases were reported in 1952 in east africa. outbreaks were reported in micronesia (2007), polynesia (2013), and chile (2014). both diagnostic procedures and therapeutics are poorly developed. serological tests cros ... | 2017 | 27232506 |
| [mayaro: a re-emerging arbovirus in venezuela and latin america]. | mayaro virus produces nonspecific, sublethal disease symptoms, often confused with dengue, but with symptoms of arthalgias that can cause incapacitating disability. outbreaks have been localized and sporadic in the pan-amazonia forest since its first isolation in 1954 (trinidad and tobago). the literature available is scarce, diverse and dispersed. mayaro virus is an alphavirus, phylogenetically related to the semliki forest antigenic complex. una and mayaro viruses are the only viruses of this ... | 2012 | 23242303 |
| new insights on the effectiveness of metarhizium anisopliae formulation and application against aedes aegypti eggs. | increasing needs for innovative control tools against the dengue vector aedes aegypti have prompted investigations into the development of specific mycoinsecticides. the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae attacks both larval and adult stages, but its ovicidal activity against a. aegypti is still little explored. this study reports important findings about the effectiveness of conidia formulated in water and oil-in-water emulsions and of direct and indirect application techniques agai ... | 2013 | 23638865 |
| efficiency of fungus-impregnated black cloths combined with imidacloprid for the control of adult aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | entomopathogenic fungi are potential candidates for use in integrated vector management. however, efficient delivery systems for these fungi need to be investigated. it is known that adult mosquitoes are attracted to dark surfaces, and therefore, black cotton cloths impregnated with metarhizium anisopliae alone or in combination with the insecticide imidacloprid (imi) were tested under laboratory conditions. black cloths impregnated with fungus were also tested in large-cage trials under natural ... | 2013 | 23607802 |
| mycobacterium ulcerans toxin, mycolactone may enhance host-seeking and oviposition behaviour by aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae). | the ecological functions of many toxins continue to remain unknown for those produced by environmental pathogens. mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent of the neglected tropical disease, buruli ulcer, produces a cytotoxic macrolide, mycolactone, whose function(s) in the environment remains elusive. through a series of dual-choice behaviour assays, they show that mycolactone may be an interkingdom cue for the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, seeking blood-meals as well as oviposition s ... | 2016 | 27907248 |
| larvicidal and growth-inhibitory activity of entomopathogenic bacteria culture fluids against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | dengue, chikungunya, and zika are important vector-borne diseases, and aedes aegypti l. is their main transmitter. as the disease management is mainly based on mosquito control strategies, the search for alternative and cost-effective approaches is ongoing. the gram-negative bacteria xenorhabdus nematophila and photorhabdus luminescens are symbiotically associated with entomopathogenic nematodes and are highly pathogenic for insect larvae. after we have recently confirmed the toxicity of these b ... | 2017 | 28062794 |
| oral toxicity of photorhabdus luminescens and xenorhabdus nematophila (enterobacteriaceae) against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | dengue fever is an important vector-borne disease, mainly transmitted by aedes aegypti. to date, there are no vaccines or effective drugs available against this arboviral disease. as mosquito control is practically the only method available to control dengue fever, alternative and cost-effective pest control strategies need to be explored. the gram-negative enteric bacteria xenorhabdus and photorhabdus are symbiotically associated with nematode parasites, which themselves are highly pathogenic f ... | 2013 | 23728731 |
| declining malaria, rising of dengue and zika virus: insights for mosquito vector control. | the fight against mosquito-borne diseases is a challenge of huge public health importance. to our mind, 2015 was an extraordinary year for malaria control, due to three hot news: the nobel prize to youyou tu for the discovery of artemisinin, the development of the first vaccine against plasmodium falciparum malaria [i.e. rts,s/as01 (rts,s)], and the fall of malaria infection rates worldwide, with special reference to sub-saharan africa. however, there are major challenges that still deserve atte ... | 2016 | 26932263 |
| toxicity of herbal extracts used in ethno-veterinary medicine and green-encapsulated zno nanoparticles against aedes aegypti and microbial pathogens. | dengue and chikungunya are arboviral diseases mainly vectored by the mosquito aedes aegypti. presently, there is no treatment for these viral diseases and their prevention is still based on vector control measures. nanopesticides fabricated using herbal extracts as reducing and capping agents currently represent an excellent platform for pest control. in this scenario, the present study assessed the acute toxicity of seven plants employed in ethno-veterinary medicine of southern india, as well a ... | 2017 | 28389893 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa kun2, extracellular toxins-a potential source for the control of dengue vector. | dengue fever is one of the serious health disease transmitted by aedes spp mosquitoes. the incidence of dengue has increased dramatically around the world in recent decades. vector control is one of the important strategies practiced for the control of dengue fever. the emergence of resistance among vectors against the existing insecticides has raised new challenges. the aim of the present study was to identify the larvicidal activity of extracellular toxins from pseudomonas spp for the control ... | 2017 | 27353579 |
| di-rhamnolipid is a mosquito pupicidal metabolite from pseudomonas fluorescens (vcrc b426). | pseudomonas fluorescens migula (vcrc b426) produces a secondary metabolite, which was found to be active against pupae of vector mosquitoes namely culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. the mosquito pupicidal metabolite from p. fluoescens was mass produced and separated by ethyl acetate extraction and purified further by silica gel column chromatography, fplc, hplc and tlc. the purified metabolite was characterized by nmr, ft-ir, lc-ms and maldi-tof. the ft-ir, (1)h and ( ... | 2015 | 25912083 |
| behavioral response of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae to synthetic and natural attractants and repellents. | aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) is the key vector of three important arboviral diseases: dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya. immature stages of this species inhabit human-made containers placed in residential landscapes. in this study, we evaluated a few compounds in a sensitive behavioral assay with ae. aegypti larvae. the orientation of larvae to different compounds was surveyed using a performance index (pi). the pi represents the response to each odorant, where a value of +1 is in ... | 2015 | 26352935 |
| mosquito larvicidal and pupaecidal potential of prodigiosin from serratia marcescens and understanding its mechanism of action. | mosquitoes spread lethal diseases like malaria and dengue fever to humans. considering mosquito vector control as one of the best alternatives to reduce new infections, here we have analyzed the effect of purified pigment prodigiosin extracted from serratia marcescens (nmcc 75) against larval and pupal stages of aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. mosquito larvicidal activities of purified prodigiosin revealed lc50 values of 14 ± 1.2, 15.6 ± 1.48, 18 ± 1.3, 21 ± 0.87 µg/ml against ... | 2015 | 26267052 |
| microbiota activates imd pathway and limits sindbis infection in aedes aegypti. | aedes aegypti is the main vector of important arboviruses such as dengue, zika and chikungunya. during infections mosquitoes can activate the immune pathways toll, imd and jak/stat to limit pathogen replication. | 2017 | 28231846 |
| imperviousness as a predictor for infestation levels of container-breeding mosquitoes in a focus of dengue and saint louis encephalitis in argentina. | dengue and saint louis encephalitis virus are among the most important emerging viruses transmitted by mosquitoes at the global scale, and from 2009 onward both diseases have reached temperate argentina. to test whether the urbanization level can be used as a predictor for the infestation levels of container-breeding mosquito vectors, we searched for aedes aegypti and culex pipiens in 8400 water-filled containers from 14 cemeteries of buenos aires province and we used generalized linear models t ... | 2013 | 24071380 |
| lethal effect of streptomyces citreofluorescens against larvae of malaria, filaria and dengue vectors. | to investigate lethal effect of culture filtrates of streptomyces citreofluorescens (s. citreofluorescens) against anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi), culex quinquefasciatus (cx. quinquefasciatus), and aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) larvae vectors for malaria, filarial and dengue. | 2012 | 22840445 |
| virulency of novel nanolarvicide from trichoderma atroviride against aedes aegypti (linn.): a clsm analysis. | aedes aegypti is the vector for transmitting dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever. these diseases' transmission has increased predominantly in urban and semi-urban areas as a major public health concern. in present investigation, trichoderma atroviride culture filtrates were used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticle. moreover, t. atroviride is a free-living and rapidly growing fungi common in soil and root ecosystem. this fungi is an exceptionally good model for biocontrol and more signific ... | 2015 | 25907629 |
| effect of mycosynthesized silver nanoparticles from filtrate of trichoderma harzianum against larvae and pupa of dengue vector aedes aegypti l. | mosquitoes transmit dreadful diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. therefore, screening for larvicidal and pupicidal activity of microbial extracts attributes could lead to development of new and improved mosquito control methods that are economical and safe for nontarget organisms and are ecofriendly. synthetic chemical insecticides occupy predominant position in control strategies. these hazardous chemicals exert unwarranted toxicity and lethal effects on nontarget organisms, develo ... | 2014 | 24352539 |
| epa-registered repellents for mosquitoes transmitting emerging viral disease. | in many parts of the united states, mosquitoes were previously nuisance pests. however, they now represent a potential threat in the spread of viral diseases. the aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, and culex species mosquitoes are endemic to the united states and together may transmit a variety of viral diseases of growing concern, including west nile virus, chikungunya, dengue fever, and zika virus. the centers for disease control and prevention and the environmental protection agency (epa) recom ... | 2016 | 27779781 |
| larvicidal activity of magnolia denudata seed hydrodistillate constituents and related compounds and liquid formulations towards two susceptible and two wild mosquito species. | anopheles sinensis, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus and culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes transmit malaria, dengue fever and west nile virus diseases respectively. this study was conducted to determine the toxicity of 17 constituents from magnolia denudata seed hydrodistillate (md-shd) and four experimental md-shd liquid formulations (10-50 mg l(-1) liquid) to third-instar larvae from insecticide-susceptible cx. p. pallens and ae. aegypti as well as wild ae. albopictus and an. sinensis. | 2016 | 26085316 |
| [detection of flavivirus in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from easter island-chile]. | flaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses, mainly by mosquitoes of the genera aedes and culex (culicidae) that are detected in tropical and subtropical areas. main flaviviruses of public health importance are: dengue, west nile virus, yellow fever, among others. in continental chile, flaviviruses has not been detected. however, there are indigenous cases of dengue detected in easter island since 2002, as the presence of its vector aedes aegypti. the aim of this study was: to determine diversity o ... | 2015 | 25860055 |
| ovicidal and adulticidal potential of leaf and seed extract of albizia lebbeck (l.) benth. (family: fabaceae) against culex quinquefasciatus, aedes aegypti, and anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | several diseases are associated to the mosquito-human interaction. mosquitoes are the carriers of severe and well-known illnesses such as malaria, arboviral encephalitis, dengue fever, chikungunya fever, west nile virus, and yellow fever. these diseases produce significant morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock around the world. in the present study, hexane, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of leaf and seed of albizia lebbeck were assayed for their toxicity agai ... | 2015 | 25681143 |
| laboratory evaluation of indian medicinal plants as repellents against malaria, dengue, and filariasis vector mosquitoes. | mosquito-borne diseases have an economic impact, including loss in commercial and labor outputs, particularly in countries with tropical and subtropical climates; however, no part of the world is free from vector-borne diseases. mosquitoes are the carriers of severe and well-known illnesses such as malaria, arboviral encephalitis, dengue fever, chikungunya fever, west nile virus, and yellow fever. these diseases produce significant morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock around the world ... | 2015 | 25399815 |
| ovicidal, larvicidal and adulticidal properties of asparagus racemosus (willd.) (family: asparagaceae) root extracts against filariasis (culex quinquefasciatus), dengue (aedes aegypti) and malaria (anopheles stephensi) vector mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | several diseases are associated to the mosquito-human interaction. mosquitoes are the carriers of severe and well-known illnesses such as malaria, arboviral encephalitis, dengue fever, chikungunya fever, west nile virus and yellow fever. these diseases produce significant morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock around the world. the present investigation was undertaken to study the ovicidal, larvicidal and adulticidal activities of crude hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, chloroform and met ... | 2014 | 24488078 |
| green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using sida acuta (malvaceae) leaf extract against culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi, and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | mosquitoes act as a vector for most of the life-threatening diseases like malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya fever, filariasis, encephalitis, west nile virus infection, etc. under the integrated mosquito management, emphasis was given on the application of alternative strategies in mosquito control. the continuous application of synthetic insecticides causes development of resistance in vector species, biological magnification of toxic substances through the food chain, and adverse ... | 2013 | 24005479 |
| fine scale spatial urban land cover factors associated with adult mosquito abundance and risk in tucson, arizona. | it is currently unclear what role microhabitat land cover plays in determining the seasonal spatial distribution of aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus, disease vectors of dengue and west nile virus, respectively, in tucson, az. we compared mosquito abundance to sixteen land cover variables derived from 2010 naip multispectral data and 2008 lidar height data. mosquitoes were trapped with 30-9 traps from may to october of 2010 and 2011. variables were extracted for five buffer zones (10-50 m ... | 2012 | 23181866 |
| larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of citrus sinensis orange peel extract against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | mosquitoes are the carriers of severe and well-known illnesses such as malaria, arboviral encephalitis, dengue fever, chikunguniya fever, west nile virus and yellow fever. these diseases produce significant morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock around the world. the present study explored the effects of orange peel ethanol extract of citrus sinensis on larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus. the or ... | 2012 | 22797605 |
| using wolbachia-based release for suppression of aedes mosquitoes: insights from genetic data and population simulations. | a novel strategy for suppressing disease transmission by aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue, uses releases of mosquitoes infected with the bacterium wolbachia pipientis. wolbachia are currently released to interfere with viral transmission, but there is also potential to use strains in mosquito suppression and elimination programs via the deleterious effects of the bacterium on the host. mosquito suppression depends on target areas being relatively isolated to prevent reinvasion and on loc ... | 2014 | 25154109 |
| operational use of household bleach to "crash and release" aedes aegypti prior to wolbachia-infected mosquito release. | dengue (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, denv) remains the leading arboviral cause of mortality in the tropics. wolbachia pipientis has been shown to interrupt denv transmission and is presently being trialled as a biological control. however, deployment issues have arisen on methods to temporarily suppress wild mosquito populations before wolbachia-infected mosquito releases. by suppressing wild populations, fewer ae. aegypti releases are required to achieve a sustainable wolbachia densit ... | 2013 | 23540123 |
| rplp1 and rplp2 are essential flavivirus host factors that promote early viral protein accumulation. | the flavivirus genus contains several arthropod-borne viruses that pose global health threats, including dengue viruses (denv), yellow fever virus (yfv), and zika virus (zikv). in order to understand how these viruses replicate in human cells, we previously conducted genome-scale rna interference screens to identify candidate host factors. in these screens, we identified ribosomal proteins rplp1 and rplp2 (rplp1/2) to be among the most crucial putative host factors required for denv and yfv infe ... | 2017 | 27974556 |
| zika virus in brazil and the danger of infestation by aedes (stegomyia) mosquitoes. | zika virus, already widely distributed in africa and asia, was recently reported in two northeastern brazilian: state of bahia and state of rio grande do norte, and one southeastern: state of são paulo. this finding adds a potentially noxious virus to a list of several other viruses that are widely transmitted by aedes (stegomyia) aegypti and aedes (stegomyia) albopictus in brazil. the pathology and epidemiology, including the distribution and vectors associated with zika virus, are reviewed. th ... | 2016 | 26689277 |
| effects of proteinase inhibitor from adenanthera pavonina seeds on short- and long term larval development of aedes aegypti. | currently, one of the major global public health concerns is related to the transmission of dengue/yellow fever virus by the vector aedes aegypti. the most abundant digestive enzymes in ae. aegypti midgut larvae are trypsin and chymotrypsin. since protease inhibitors have the capacity to bind to and inhibit the action of insect digestive proteinases, we investigated the short- and long-term effects of adenanthera pavonina seed proteinase inhibitor (apti) on ae. aegypti larvae, as well as a possi ... | 2015 | 25796215 |
| [zika virus infection in pregnancy]. | the zika virus is a flavivirus spread by mosquitoes. its primary vectors are the aedes aegypti and the aedes albopictus. before 2007 it sporadically caused benign morbidity. since 2015, it started spreading "explosively" in america, especially in brazil. in august 2016 they reported cases from new york and poland, too. most of the infections don't produce any symptoms, but can cause grave complications. the most important lesion is microcephalia that forms in fetuses. microcephalia's most seriou ... | 2017 | 28393598 |
| emergence of zika virus epidemic and the national response in jamaica. | jamaica, along with the americas, experienced major epidemics of arboviral diseases transmitted by the aedes aegypti mosquito in recent years. these include dengue fever in 2012, chikungunya fever in 2014 and zika virus infection (zikv) in 2016. we present the emergence of the zikv epidemic in jamaica and outline the national response. | 2016 | 28375542 |
| inhibition of zika virus by wolbachia in aedes aegypti. | through association with cases of microcephaly in 2015, zika virus (zikv) has transitioned from a relatively unknown mosquito-transmitted pathogen to a global health emergency, emphasizing the need to improve existing mosquito control programs to prevent future disease outbreaks. the response to zika must involve a paradigm shift from traditional to novel methods of mosquito control, and according to the world health organization should incorporate the release of mosquitoes infected with the bac ... | 2016 | 28357366 |
| boswellia ovalifoliolata (burseraceae) essential oil as an eco-friendly larvicide? toxicity against six mosquito vectors of public health importance, non-target mosquito fishes, backswimmers, and water bugs. | the use of synthetic pesticides to control vector populations is detrimental to human health and the environment and may lead to the development of resistant strains. plants can be alternative sources of safer compounds effective on mosquito vectors. in this study, the mosquito larvicidal activity of boswellia ovalifoliolata leaf essential oil (eo) was evaluated against anopheles stephensi, anopheles subpictus, aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, culex quinquefasciatus, and culex tritaeniorhynchus. ... | 2017 | 28332087 |
| spatial-temporal analysis of dengue deaths: identifying social vulnerabilities. | currently, dengue fever, chikungunya fever, and zika virus represent serious public health issues in brazil, despite efforts to control the vector, the aedes aegypti mosquito. | 2017 | 28327810 |
| zika in rio de janeiro: assessment of basic reproduction number and comparison with dengue outbreaks. | zika virus infection was declared a public health emergency of international concern in february 2016 in response to the outbreak in brazil and its suspected link with congenital anomalies. in this study, we use notification data and disease natural history parameters to estimate the basic reproduction number (r 0) of zika in rio de janeiro, brazil. we also obtain estimates of r 0 of dengue from time series of dengue cases in the outbreaks registered in 2002 and 2012 in the city, when denv-3 and ... | 2017 | 28240195 |
| combining contact tracing with targeted indoor residual spraying significantly reduces dengue transmission. | the widespread transmission of dengue viruses (denv), coupled with the alarming increase of birth defects and neurological disorders associated with zika virus, has put the world in dire need of more efficacious tools for aedes aegypti-borne disease mitigation. we quantitatively investigated the epidemiological value of location-based contact tracing (identifying potential out-of-home exposure locations by phone interviews) to infer transmission foci where high-quality insecticide applications c ... | 2017 | 28232955 |
| leaking containers: success and failure in controlling the mosquito aedes aegypti in brazil. | in 1958, the pan american health organization declared that brazil had successfully eradicated the mosquito aedes aegypti, responsible for the transmission of yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, and zika virus. yet in 2016 the brazilian minister of health described the situation of dengue fever as "catastrophic." discussing the recent epidemic of zika virus, which amplified the crisis produced by the persistence of dengue fever, brazil's president declared in january 2016 that "we are in th ... | 2017 | 28207332 |
| predicting the potential role of non-human hosts in zika virus maintenance. | arboviruses are often maintained in complex cycles involving vertebrates such as mammals or birds and blood-feeding mosquitoes. however, the role of wildlife hosts in their emergence or re-emergence in human populations has received little attention. the recent emergence of zika virus in america, and previous occurrences of chikungunya and dengue, forces us to confront a potential new disease-emergence phenomenon. using a spatial data mining framework to identify potential biotic interactions, b ... | 2017 | 28180996 |
| flavivirus transmission focusing on zika. | flaviviruses are among the most diverse viruses with over 85 species recognized. taxonomically, this genus is one of the 4 recognized genera within the family flaviviridae. most flaviviruses of human public health significance, for example, dengue, yellow fever and zika viruses, are arthropod-borne (arboviruses) and have two evolutionarily and ecologically distinct transmission cycles: a sylvatic transmission cycle, where the virus circulates between zoonotic vertebrate reservoir and amplificati ... | 2017 | 27936448 |
| towards green oviposition deterrents? effectiveness of syzygium lanceolatum (myrtaceae) essential oil against six mosquito vectors and impact on four aquatic biological control agents. | essential oils (eos) from plants may be alternative sources of molecules toxic against mosquito vectors of public health relevance. most of researches in this field focused on eos as larvicides or ovicides, while limited efforts focused on the exploitation of eos as oviposition deterrents. in the present study, the larvicidal and oviposition deterrent activity of syzygium lanceolatum leaf eo was evaluated against six mosquito species, anopheles stephensi, an. subpictus, aedes aegypti, ae. albopi ... | 2016 | 27921244 |
| toxicity of ar-curcumene and epi-β-bisabolol from hedychium larsenii (zingiberaceae) essential oil on malaria, chikungunya and st. louis encephalitis mosquito vectors. | mosquitoes act as vectors of key pathogens and parasites. plant essential oils have been recognized as important sources of biopesticides, which do not induce resistance and have limited toxic effects on human health and non-target organisms. in this research, we evaluated the larvicidal and oviposition deterrence activity of hedychium larsenii essential oil (eo) and its major compounds ar-curcumene and epi-β-bisabolol. both molecules showed high toxicity against early third instars of anopheles ... | 2017 | 27918946 |
| frequency of the val1016ile mutation on the kdr gene in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in south brazil. | recently, the number of aedes aegypti foci has increased in west of santa catarina, south brazil, which has increased concern regarding mosquito-borne disease outbreaks such as dengue fever, zika virus, and chikungunya. therefore, it is important to monitor genetic resistance to insecticides through "knockdown resistance". homozygosity (ile/ile) at position 1016 in the coding region of a voltage-dependent sodium channel gene (nav) may induce resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. we evaluated th ... | 2016 | 27886338 |
| low circulation of zika virus, cambodia, 2007-2016. | we describe a retrospective study on circulation of zika virus in cambodia during 2007-2016 among patients with dengue-like symptoms and aedes aegypti mosquitoes. our findings suggest that zika virus in cambodia belongs to the asia genotype, is endemic, has low prevalence, and has had low-level impact on public health. | 2017 | 27875110 |
| sarniensine, a mesembrine-type alkaloid isolated from nerine sarniensis, an indigenous south african amaryllidaceae, with larvicidal and adulticidal activities against aedes aegypti. | a new mesembrine-type alkaloid, named sarniensine, was isolated together with tazettine, lycorine, the main alkaloid, and 3-epimacronine from nerine sarniensis, with the last two produced for the first time by this plant. this amaryllidaceae, which is indigenous of south africa, was investigated for its alkaloid content, because the organic extract of its bulbs showed strong larvicidal activity with an lc50 value of 0.008μgμl(-1) against first instar aedes aegypti larvae and with an ld50 value 4 ... | 2017 | 27864138 |
| sex, mosquitoes and epidemics: an evaluation of zika disease dynamics. | since the first major outbreak reported on the island yap in 2007, the zika virus spread has alerted the scientific community worldwide. zika is an arbovirus transmitted by aedes mosquitoes; particularly in central and south america, the main vector is the same mosquito that transmits dengue and chikungunya, aedes aegypti. seeking to understand the dynamics of spread of the zika, in this paper, three mathematical models are presented, in which vector transmission of the virus, sexual contact tra ... | 2016 | 27743310 |
| evidence of the presence of the zika virus in mexico since early 2015. | to assess the possible circulation of zika virus (zikv) prior to the first documented case in mexico, we reanalyzed the stored samples from the states of veracruz and yucatán, which were originally collected to test for dengue (denv) and chikungunya (chikv) but were negative for these viruses despite the symptomatology. the samples were originally collected between the 30 and 46 epidemiological weeks (ew) when the zikv was not yet declared as a public health emergency of international concern (p ... | 2016 | 27557815 |
| single-step biological fabrication of colloidal silver nanoparticles using hugonia mystax: larvicidal potential against zika virus, dengue, and malaria vector mosquitoes. | mosquito control is facing key challenges, including outbreaks of new arbovirus threats. we proposed an eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) employing a low-cost extract of hugonia mystax. agnps were specified by uv, xrd, ftir and edx spectroscopy, sem and tem. agnps were more toxic to anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus larvae (lc50: 14.45, 15.86, and 17.46 μg/ml) if compared to aquatic biocontrol organisms gambusia affinis, diplonychus indicus, and ... | 2016 | 27611658 |
| acute toxicity and repellent activity of the origanum scabrum boiss. & heldr. (lamiaceae) essential oil against four mosquito vectors of public health importance and its biosafety on non-target aquatic organisms. | the recent outbreaks of dengue, chikungunya, and zika virus highlighted the pivotal importance of mosquito vector control in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. however, mosquito control is facing hot challenges, mainly due to the rapid development of pesticide resistance in culicidae and the limited success of biocontrol programs on aedes mosquitoes. in this framework, screening botanicals for their mosquitocidal potential may offer effective and eco-friendly tools in the fight against mo ... | 2016 | 27604128 |
| one-pot fabrication of silver nanocrystals using nicandra physalodes: a novel route for mosquito vector control with moderate toxicity on non-target water bugs. | mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) as vectors for important diseases and parasites causing millions of deaths every year. the use of synthetic pesticides against culicidae leads to resistance and environmental concerns. therefore, eco-friendly control tools are a priority. in this research, nicandra physalodes-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (ag nps) was conducted, in order to control larval populations of three important mosquito vectors, anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex qui ... | 2016 | 27473981 |
| egg and fourth instar larvae gut of aedes aegypti as a source of stem cells. | according to the world health organization, 2015 registered more than 1.206.172 cases of dengue in the americas. recently, the aedes aegypti has been not only related to dengue, but also with cases of zika virus and chikungunya. due to its epidemiological importance, this study characterized the morphology of the embryonated eggs of a. aegypti and provided a protocol to culture stem cells from eggs and digestive tract of fourth instar larvae in order to examine cell biology and expression of mar ... | 2016 | 27401144 |
| screening of blood donations for zika virus infection - puerto rico, april 3-june 11, 2016. | transfusion-transmitted infections have been documented for several arboviruses, including west nile and dengue viruses (1). zika virus, a flavivirus transmitted primarily by aedes aegypti mosquitoes that has been identified as a cause of congenital microcephaly and other serious brain defects (2), became recognized as a potential threat to blood safety after reports from a 2013-2014 outbreak in french polynesia. blood safety concerns were based on very high infection incidence in the population ... | 2016 | 27337368 |
| dengue, chikungunya … and the missing entity - zika fever: a new emerging threat. | zika virus (zikv), a relative newcomer from the flavivirus group that includes dengue, japanese encepahalitis and yellow fever, is one of the emerging pathogens that is fast transcending geographical boundaries. it is a vector-borne disease transmitted by the same aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, which cause dengue and chikungunya. in addition to the vector-mediated transmission of zika fever, probable human-to-human transmission through exchange of body fluids, including sexual and perinatal ... | 2016 | 27257326 |
| [zika virus infection or the future of infectious diseases]. | zika virus belongs to the flaviridae, an extended phylogenetic family containing dengue or yellow fever, viruses whose shared main vector are aedes aegypti mosquitoes. the virus originally came from central african simian reservoirs and, from there, expanded rapidly across the pacific to south america. the disease is an example of exantematic fever usually mild. mortality is very low and mainly limited to secondary guillain-barré or fetal microcephaly cases. diagnostic confirmation requires a rt ... | 2016 | 27156484 |
| one-step synthesis of polydispersed silver nanocrystals using malva sylvestris: an eco-friendly mosquito larvicide with negligible impact on non-target aquatic organisms. | the synthesis of eco-friendly nanoparticles is evergreen branch of nanoscience with a growing number of biomedical implications. in this study, we investigated the synthesis of polydisperse and stable silver nanoparticles (agnp) using a cheap leaf extract of malva sylvestris (malvaceae). bio-reduced agnp were characterized by uv-visible spectrophotometry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), x-ray diffraction analysis (xrd), atomic force microscopy (afm), scanning electron microscopy ... | 2016 | 27075309 |
| zika virus. | zika virus (zikv) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) in the genus flavivirus and the family flaviviridae. zikv was first isolated from a nonhuman primate in 1947 and from mosquitoes in 1948 in africa, and zikv infections in humans were sporadic for half a century before emerging in the pacific and the americas. zikv is usually transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes. the clinical presentation of zika fever is nonspecific and can be misdiagnosed as other infectious diseases, especiall ... | 2016 | 27029595 |
| zika virus: yet another emerging threat to nepal. | zika virus (zikv) is a flavivirus with single stranded rna related to yellow fever, dengue, west nile, and japanese encephalitis viruses and is transmitted by aedes mosquitoes primarily by aedes aegipti which is widely distributed in nepal. zikv was first identified incidentally in rhesus monkey in uganda in 1947 and human infection in 1952; and by now outbreaks of zikv disease have been recorded in africa, the americas, asia and the pacific. the world health organization (who) has recently decl ... | 2016 | 27005721 |
| larvicidal and pupicidal activities of alizarin isolated from roots of rubia cordifolia against culex quinquefasciatus say and aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae). | the mosquitocidal activities of different fractions and a compound alizarin from the methanol extract of rubia cordifolia roots were evaluated on larvae and pupae of culex quinquefasciatus say and aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae). larvae and pupae were exposed to concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 ppm for fractions and 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ppm for compound. after 24 h, the mortality was assessed and the lc50 and lc90 values were estimated for larvae and pupae. among the 23 fractions ... | 2016 | 27004695 |
| the convergence of a virus, mosquitoes, and human travel in globalizing the zika epidemic. | the zika virus was first identified in 1947 in the zika forest of uganda. it was discovered in a rhesus monkey that had been placed in a cage on a sentinel platform in the forest by the virus research institute. when this writer visited the institute and the zika forest in 1961, work was underway to identify mosquito species at various levels of the tree canopy. this was done through the placement of traps at various levels of a 120-foot-high steel tower which this writer climbed. at that time, ... | 2016 | 26969497 |
| zika virus outbreak in brazil. | zika virus (zikv) infection is spreading rapidly within the americas after originating from an outbreak in brazil. we describe the current zikv infection epidemic in brazil and the neurological symptoms arising. first cases of an acute exanthematic disease were reported in brazil's northeast region at the end of 2014. in march 2015, autochthonous zikv was determined to be the causative agent of the exanthematic disease. as cases of neurological syndromes in regions where zikv, dengue and/or chik ... | 2016 | 26927450 |