| cellular immune responses to esat-6 discriminate between patients with pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium avium complex and those with pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium tuberculosis. | esat-6 (for 6-kda early secreted antigenic target) is a secreted antigen found almost exclusively in organisms of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. we compared in vitro gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) responses by peripheral blood mononuclear cells to this antigen in patients with pulmonary disease due to either mycobacterium avium complex (mac) or mycobacterium tuberculosis with those in healthy, skin test-negative, control subjects. significant ifn-gamma responses to esat-6 were detected in ... | 1999 | 10391871 |
| correlation of quantitative bone marrow and blood cultures in aids patients with disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection. | the relationship between mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection of blood and bone marrow was studied in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients before and during treatment. quantitative cultures were obtained at baseline from 17 persons with newly detected mac bacteremia. serial blood cultures were obtained, and a second bone marrow sample was obtained at 4 or 8 weeks. at baseline, the median mac load in bone marrow core samples was 3 log10 higher than in blood. bone marrow mac loads ... | 1999 | 10395860 |
| cd4 t cells remain the major source of hiv-1 during end stage disease. | to assess the source of hiv-1 production in lymphoid tissue biopsies from hiv-infected patients, with no prior anti-retroviral protease inhibitor treatment, with a cd4 cell count > 150 x 10(6)/l (group i) or < 50 x 10(6)/l (group ii), co-infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis or mycobacterium avium complex. | 1999 | 10397529 |
| joint effects of hiv-1 rna levels and cd4 lymphocyte cells on the risk of specific opportunistic infections. | to evaluate the predictive value of baseline plasma hiv-1 rna levels and cd4 lymphocyte counts and early changes in these markers after initiating antiretroviral therapy on the risk of development of specific opportunistic infections (ois). | 1999 | 10397533 |
| identification of two novel mycobacterium avium allelic variants in pig and human isolates from brazil by pcr-restriction enzyme analysis. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is composed of environmental mycobacteria found widely in soil, water, and aerosols that can cause disease in animals and humans, especially disseminated infections in aids patients. mac consists of two closely related species, m. avium and m. intracellulare, and may also include other, less-defined groups. the precise differentiation of mac species is a fundamental step in epidemiological studies and for the evaluation of possible reservoirs for mac infection i ... | 1999 | 10405407 |
| [acute hypopyon uveitis with rifabutin therapy of systemic mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in aids]. | hypopyon-uveitis has been identified as a dosage-dependent side effect in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who are treated for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection with systemic rifabutin. | 1999 | 10409856 |
| colony morphotypes on congo red agar segregate along species and drug susceptibility lines in the mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex. | isolates of the mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac) have long been known to segregate into transparent opaque and rough colony morphotypes that differ from each other in clinically important parameters including drug susceptibility and virulence. here the authors report additional morphotypic variation that occurs on two levels: interspecific (between m. avium and m. intracellulare) and intraspecific (within individual m. avium isolates). clinical isolates of m. avium grown on congo ... | 1999 | 10411258 |
| azaanthraquinone: an antimicrobial alkaloid from mitracarpus scaber. | an ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of mitracarpus scaber demonstrated good antimicrobial activity. bioassay directed fractionation of this extract led to the isolation of benz[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione (1) as an active component. compound 1 showed significant in vitro inhibitory activity against the aids-related pathogens. | 1999 | 10418332 |
| bronchoscopy-related infections and pseudoinfections--new york, 1996 and 1998. | bronchoscopy is a useful diagnostic technique that can be performed safely by trained specialists when the bronchoscopes in both inpatient and ambulatory-care settings are reprocessed properly to prevent transmission of infection. the new york state department of health received reports of three clusters of culture-positive bronchoscopy specimens obtained in 1996 and 1998 from patients at local health-care facilities. this report summarizes the results of investigations of these clusters, which ... | 1999 | 10418804 |
| etiology, clinical features and outcome of splenic microabscesses in hiv-infected patients with prolonged fever. | a prospective study was conducted to determine the etiology, clinical features, and outcome in a series of 32 consecutively enrolled hiv-infected patients with prolonged fever in whom high resolution (7.5 mhz) sonography revealed multiple splenic microabscesses. conventional (3.5 mhz) sonography showed no splenic abnormalities in any patients. the diagnoses were: tuberculosis (14), visceral leishmaniasis (7), disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection (5), salmonella spp. bacteremia (2), ... | 1999 | 10421038 |
| adherence to guidelines for antiretroviral therapy and for preventing opportunistic infections in hiv-infected adults and adolescents in ryan white-funded facilities in the united states. | to determine adherence by health care providers to guidelines for antiretroviral therapy and for prevention of opportunistic infections (ois) in adults with hiv infection in federally funded facilities in the united states, we reviewed records of hiv-infected adults (>13 years) in 11 ryan white title iii facilities in four states for information on eight standard-of-care recommendations during november 1996 through september 1997. eligibility required a visit to the facility within 6 months befo ... | 1999 | 10421247 |
| strain typing of the mycobacterium avium complex. | | 1999 | 10424793 |
| systemic mycobacterioses in aids patients as determined by blood cultures on biphasic medium. | bacteremia due to mycobacteria can occur in aids patients in whom a rapid diagnosis is extremely important in order to plan a therapeutic conduct. blood culture of mycobacteria using a biphasic system was set up in the regional laboratories of the adolfo lutz institute, sp (campinas, ribeirão preto, santo andré, santos, são josé do rio preto and sorocaba). during a three year period (1994-97), 1521 blood samples were analyzed from 1336 aids patients, with cd4+ cell count < 100/ml, hematocrit < 3 ... | 1999 | 10425659 |
| mefloquine is active in vitro and in vivo against mycobacterium avium complex. | despite the development of several agents, new classes of antimicrobials with activity against the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are needed. based on a broad screening of compounds, we found that mefloquine has mics of 8 to 16 microg/ml by the bactec system and 16 microg/ml by broth microdilution for five mac strains tested. an expansion of the screening with broth microdilution to 24 macrolide-susceptible strains and 6 macrolide-resistant strains determined that the mic for all strains was ... | 1999 | 10428905 |
| a prospective randomized trial of four three-drug regimens in the treatment of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex disease in aids patients: excess mortality associated with high-dose clarithromycin. terry beirn community programs for clinical research on aids. | the optimal regimen for treatment of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease has not been established. eighty-five aids patients with disseminated mac disease were randomized to receive a three-drug regimen of clarithromycin, rifabutin or clofazimine, and ethambutol. two dosages of clarithromycin, 500 or 1,000 mg twice daily (b.i.d.), were compared. the data and safety monitoring board recommended discontinuation of the clarithromycin dosage comparison and continuation of the rifabutin vs. clo ... | 1999 | 10433575 |
| fever of undetermined origin in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in brazil: report on 55 cases. | the medical records of patients with aids admitted to a general hospital in brazil from 1989 to 1997 were reviewed retrospectively with the aim at defining the frequency and etiology of fever of undetermined origin (fuo) in hiv-infected patients of a tropical country and to evaluate the usefulness of the main diagnostic procedures. 188 (58.4%) out of 322 patients reported fever at admission to hospital and 55 (17.1%) had fuo. those with fuo had a mean cd4+ cell count of 98/ml. a cause of fever w ... | 1999 | 10436667 |
| interleukin-12-secreting fibroblasts are more efficient than free recombinant interleukin-12 in inducing the persistent resistance to mycobacterium avium complex infection. | to determine whether the paracrine secretion of interleukin-12 (il-12) can efficiently stimulate the resistance to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection, 3t3 fibroblasts were stably transfected to secrete il-12 (480 u/106 cells/48 hr) and their effect on mac infection was investigated in genetically susceptible balb/c mice, compared with that of free recombinant il-12 (ril-12). injection with il-12-secreting fibroblasts (3t3-il-12) during intranasal infection with mac resulted in a signifi ... | 1999 | 10447770 |
| prevention of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection with reduced dose clarithromycin in patients with advanced hiv disease. | to evaluate the ability of once daily reduced dose clarithromycin to prevent disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (dmac) infection in patients with advanced hiv disease. | 1999 | 10449290 |
| a randomized, placebo-controlled study of rifabutin added to a regimen of clarithromycin and ethambutol for treatment of disseminated infection with mycobacterium avium complex. | current guidelines suggest that disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection be treated with a macrolide plus ethambutol or rifabutin or both. from 1993 to 1996, 198 aids patients with mac bacteremia participated in a prospective, placebo-controlled trial of clarithromycin (500 mg b.i.d.) plus ethambutol (1,200 mg/d), with or without rifabutin (300 mg/d). at 16 weeks, 63% of patients in the rifabutin group and 61% in the placebo group (p = .81) had responded bacteriologically. change ... | 1999 | 10452638 |
| risk-benefit assessment of therapies for mycobacterium avium complex infections. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is an important pathogen that can cause chronic lung disease in immunocompetent patients and disseminated disease in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). treatment of mac with antituberculosis drugs was unsatisfactory, but the introduction of the newer macrolides, clarithromycin and azithromycin, and of rifabutin has greatly improved the outcome of treatment regimens for mac. however, these agents are also associated with many new treatme ... | 1999 | 10456381 |
| changes in aids-defining illnesses in a london clinic, 1987-1998. | to describe the incidence of aids-defining illnesses within a single large clinic setting, to describe temporal changes over a 10-year period in the overall incidence and of individual aids-defining illnesses and to investigate the impact of hiv treatment regimen on the incidence of aids-defining illnesses. | 1999 | 10458621 |
| molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium avium complex isolated from patients with and without aids in brazil and england. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is ubiquitous throughout the world. it is an opportunistic pathogen in aids patients but the number of cases in hiv negative patients is also increasing. the aim of this study was to determine whether patients were being infected with different mac strains or whether one strain was dominant. dna obtained from isolates in brazil and england were compared using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge). strains from 22 brazilian patients clustered into 7 groups but ... | 1999 | 10459647 |
| efficacy and safety of an intravenous induction therapy for treatment of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in aids patients: a pilot study. | monotherapy with macrolides for the treatment of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteraemia leads to drug resistance and relapse of bacteraemia. gastrointestinal intolerance is a common reason for treatment withdrawal of multidrug regimens. we have assessed the efficacy and safety of initial parenteral therapy together with a macrolide, for disseminated mac infection, defined as two positive blood cultures, in aids patients. patients received a daily infusion of amikacin 15 mg/kg ... | 1999 | 10459822 |
| systematic validation of disease models for pharmacoeconomic evaluations. swiss hiv cohort study. | pharmacoeconomic evaluations are often based on computer models which simulate the course of disease with and without medical interventions. the purpose of this study is to propose and illustrate a rigorous approach for validating such disease models. for illustrative purposes, we applied this approach to a computer-based model we developed to mimic the history of hiv-infected subjects at the greatest risk for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in switzerland. the drugs included as a pr ... | 1999 | 10461580 |
| involvement of the n- and c-terminal domains of mycobacterium tuberculosis katg in the protection of mutant escherichia coli against dna-damaging agents. | the mycobacterium tuberculosis katg enzyme, like most hydroperoxidase i (hpi)-type catalases, consists of two related domains, each with strong similarity to the yeast cytochrome c peroxidase. the catalase-peroxidase activity is associated with the amino-terminal domain but currently no definite function has been assigned to the carboxy-terminal domain, although it may play a role in substrate binding. this paper reports another possible function of the katg protein involving protection of the h ... | 1999 | 10463167 |
| gammadelta t cells increase with mycobacterium avium complex infection but not with tuberculosis in aids patients. | the aim of the present study was to better characterize the expansion of double-negative (dn) t cells in vivo in aids patients and to ascertain the discrepant response of an immunodepressed immune system towards two distinct mycobacterial infections. in a large cohort of hiv-1 seropositive patients with low cd4(+) t cell counts (<100/mm(3)), we have recently reported on an expansion of dn t cells which was observed only in patients with disseminated mycobacterium avium infection, toxoplasmosis a ... | 1999 | 10464168 |
| high rates of disseminated infection due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria among aids patients in finland. | to determine the rate of disseminated infection due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) among finnish aids patients, and to analyse the epidemiology of these infections. | 1999 | 10468131 |
| mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocyte dispositions of clarithromycin and azithromycin in aids patients requiring mycobacterium avium complex prophylaxis. | the intracellular dispositions of clarithromycin and azithromycin in aids patients requiring mycobacterium avium complex (mac) prophylaxis were studied. the dispositions of both drugs in mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were markedly different. our data support the proven efficacy of these agents for mac prophylaxis since clarithromycin and azithromycin displayed sustained intracellular concentrations which exceeded their mics for mac throughout the dosing periods. | 1999 | 10471584 |
| effect of clarithromycin regimen for mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease. | we have investigated the efficacy of a clarithromycin-containing four-drug regimen for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease in 46 patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). the patients were 14 males and 32 females with a mean age of 60.9 +/- 11.5 yr. patients received 10 mg/kg/d of clarithromycin plus ethambutol, rifampin, and initial kanamycin and subsequent quinolone for 24 mo. seven patients (15.2%) were dropped in the first 6 mo. among 39 patients who receive ... | 1999 | 10471610 |
| identification of mycobacterial dna in cutaneous lesions of sarcoidosis. | sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease of uncertain etiology. recently, mycobacterial dna especially mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex were detected in lung tissue and bronchial lavage fluid from patients with sarcoidosis by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays in 30% to 50% cases. moreover, cell wall-defective form (cwdf) acid-fast bacteria have been isolated from skin lesions of patients with sarcoidosis which were later confirmed as m. avium complex by ... | 1999 | 10472755 |
| changing conditions and treatments in a dynamic cohort of ambulatory hiv patients: the hiv outpatient study (hops). | most hiv-infected persons are now treated as ambulatory patients. obtaining continually updated data about these patients' changing conditions, therapies, and reimbursement is essential to health care provision and planning. the systematic tracking of patient medical and laboratory information in an ongoing commercial data collection program (the health research network) allows clinicians to better understand health outcomes, practice patterns, and epidemiologic trends for their patients. | 1999 | 10475534 |
| involvement of matrix metalloproteinases in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced replication by clinical mycobacterium avium isolates. | the role of mycobacterium avium isolates in modulating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) replication was examined by use of an in vitro, resting t cell system. two human clinical isolates (serotypes 1 and 4) but not an environmental m. avium isolate (serotype 2) enhanced hiv-1 replication. the m. avium-induced hiv-1 replication was not associated with cell activation or differential cytokine production or utilization. addition of matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) inhibitors and their in v ... | 1999 | 10479141 |
| interleukin 10 produced by macrophages inoculated with mycobacterium avium attenuates mycobacteria-induced apoptosis by reduction of tnf-alpha activity. | normal human macrophages respond to infection with mycobacterium avium, serovar 4, by producing tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, which mediates apoptosis, and by elaborating interleukin (il)-10, a tnf-alpha antagonist. we show that il-10 down-regulates apoptosis by inhibiting the tnf-alpha production of the inoculated macrophages and by inducing the release of soluble tnf receptor type 2 from the macrophages, which leads to inactivation of tnf-alpha. these experiments suggest that induction of ... | 1999 | 10479152 |
| [effects of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor on the production of some cytokines and nitric oxide by murine peritoneal macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation and m. avium complex infection]. | secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (slpi), a serine protease inhibitor abundantly found in mucous secretions of lung, is thought to serve as an important protective component in the secretory fluids at sites of degenerative and inflammatory diseases. in this study, we examined the effects of slpi on the production of a proinflammatory cytokine, tnf-alpha, and immunosupressive cytokines, il-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-beta) by macrophages (m phi s), in response to lipopolysacc ... | 1999 | 10481411 |
| [mics and mbcs of levofloxacin, clarithromycin, and krm-1648 for mycobacterium tuberculosis and m. avium complex residing in mono-mac-6 human macrophage-like cell and a-549 human type ii alveolar epithelial cell lines]. | in this study, we determined the mics and mbcs of levofloxacin (lvfx), clarithromycin (cam), and krm-1648 (krm) for mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) strain kurono and m. avium complex (mac) strain n-444 residing in mono-mac-6 human macrophage-like cells (mm6-m phi s) and a-549 human type ii alveolar epithelial cells (a-549 cells). first, the mics of lvfx for mtb replicating in mm6-m phi s (1 microgram/ml) and a-549 cells (2 micrograms/ml) were 4 to 8 times higher than its mics for extracellular ... | 1999 | 10481412 |
| non-tuberculous mycobacterial tenosynovitis: a review. | the clinical characteristics, outcome and treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial tenosynovitis are reviewed. from lesions localized in the hand, 10 different species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria have been reported. the most common are mycobacterium marinum and mycobacterium kansasii. other less frequent organisms are mycobacterium avium complex, mycobacterium szulgai, mycobacterium terrae, mycobacterium fortuitum, mycobacterium chelonae, mycobacterium abscessus, mycobacterium malmoense an ... | 1999 | 10482048 |
| c-reactive protein levels in hiv complicated by opportunistic infections and infections with common bacterial pathogens. | in order to determine the pattern of c-reactive protein (crp) concentrations in hiv-infected patients with various other infections, we conducted a prospective study (for the period 1990-91) of all hiv-seropositive patients hospitalized with fever and a retrospective study (for the period 1990-95) of all patients infected with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). samples from blood, cerebrospinal fluid and sites with clinical signs of infection were obtaine ... | 1999 | 10482049 |
| isolation of two subpopulations of mycobacterium avium within human macrophages. | mycobacterium avium is an intracellular pathogen that is associated with disseminated infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients. human monocyte-derived macrophages were infected with m. avium strain 101 and a quinolone (bay y 3118) was used at 8 micrograms ml-1, a concentration that kills growing bacteria but fails to eliminate static organisms. infected monolayers were treated with bay y 3118 for 4 days and viable bacteria obtained from the lysis of macrophages were used t ... | 1999 | 10483718 |
| [usefulness of bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of atypical pulmonary mycobacteriosis]. | in 14 subjects whose chest radiographs showed abnormal shadows during the two years from january 1995 until december 1996, no definite diagnosis could be obtained because sputum, smears and cultures all gave negative results for mycobacteria. bronchoscopy was therefore performed, revealing atypical mycobacteria in cultures of the bronchial washing fluid for mycobacteria, and the significance of bronchoscopic examinations in cases diagnosed an atypical pulmonary mycobacteriosis was investigated. ... | 1999 | 10487017 |
| [therapeutic effects of benzoxazinorifamycin krm-1648 administered alone or in combination with glycyrrhizin against mycobacterium avium complex infection in mice]. | we previously examined the effects of a chinese medicine "mao-bushi-saishin-to" (mbst) which has anti-inflammatory activity on the therapeutic efficacies of a benzoxazinorifamycin, krm-1648 (krm), against, mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection induced in mice. mbst potentiated the therapeutic activity of krm against mac infection. in the present study, we examined the effects of another anti-inflammatory drug glycyrrhizin, which is effective for chronic hepatitis, on the therapeutic effica ... | 1999 | 10487030 |
| acid-alcohol fast bacilli in sputa of hiv-infected patients. | we identified 34 hiv-infected patients with sputum smear positive for acid-alcohol fast bacilli (aafb) to determine any factors predictive of subsequent species identification. there were 20 cases of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), 9 cases of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mai), 3 cases of mycobacterium kansasii and one each of mycobacterium malmoense and mycobacterium fortuitum. factors associated with isolation of mai were lower cd4 cell count, a higher incidence of previous aids diagno ... | 1999 | 10492428 |
| pattern of defervescence in response to anti-tuberculosis therapy in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis and advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. | the pattern of fever response to empiric anti-tuberculosis therapy in patients with tuberculosis (tb) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, and the relationship between fever response patterns and anti-tb drug susceptibility profiles of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates are rarely described. in this study, we evaluated the fever responses to a four-drug anti-tb regimen in 26 hiv-infected patients with culture-proven extrapulmonary tb, and compared the results with those in 12 patie ... | 1999 | 10502908 |
| occurrence of the is900 gene in mycobacterium avium complex derived from hiv patients. | the occurrence of the insertion sequence is900 in mycobacterium avium subsp. avium strains isolated from hiv infected patients has been investigated. in this study, genomic dna from 62 mycobacterial isolates [31 strains of m. avium complex (mac) consisting of 26 m. avium subsp. avium hiv-isolates and five non-hiv isolates and 31 additional mycobacterium species] were analysed by an is900 -based polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay and southern hybridization using a non-radioactive-labelled 251 ... | 1999 | 10508558 |
| effects of antiretroviral therapy and opportunistic illness primary chemoprophylaxis on survival after aids diagnosis. adult/adolescent spectrum of disease group. | to examine the effects of antiretroviral therapy (art) and opportunistic illness chemoprophylaxis on the survival of persons with aids and survival time based on year of aids diagnosis. | 1999 | 10509570 |
| prevalence of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in thai aids patients. | infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm), although rare in immuno-competent individuals, can potentially produce problems in immunocompromised patients such as those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). in this study, hemocultures for mycobacteria using radiometric bactec 13a media were taken from 334 patients with known human immunodeficiency virus infection admitted to four referral hospitals with fever of unknown site of infection and negative blood cultures for patho ... | 1999 | 10511764 |
| new antimycobacterial saponin from colubrina retusa. | a new jujubogenin saponin was isolated from the stems of colubrina retusa and identified as jujubogenin 3-o-alpha-l-arabinofuranosyl (1-->2)-[3-o-(trans)-p-coumaroyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl (1-->3)]-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside (4) on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic data. the antimycobacterial activity expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) for compound 4 was 10 microg/ml. | 1999 | 10514332 |
| use of bactec mgit 960 for recovery of mycobacteria from clinical specimens: multicenter study. | the bactec mgit 960 instrument is a fully automated system that exploits the fluorescence of an oxygen sensor to detect growth of mycobacteria in culture. its performance was compared to those of the radiometric bactec 460 instrument and egg-based lowenstein-jensen medium. an identical volume of sample was inoculated in different media, and incubation was carried out for 6 weeks with the automatic systems and for 8 weeks on solid media. a total of 2,567 specimens obtained from 1,631 patients wer ... | 1999 | 10523555 |
| mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumor of the brain: a case report and review of the literature. | spindle cell pseudotumors found in the skin, lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, lungs, and retroperitoneum have been reported recently in immunosuppressed patients, including those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the authors report a similar lesion limited to the brain in a 38-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-negative man receiving steroid therapy for treatment of sarcoidosis. histopathologically the lesions were composed of spindle and epithelioid histiocytes, small foci of necrosi ... | 1999 | 10524533 |
| bone marrow cultures for the diagnosis of mycobacterial and fungal infections in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | university medical center. | 1999 | 10524589 |
| upregulation of p75 tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor in mycobacterium avium-infected mice: evidence for a functional role. | the bacterial growth and the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) and tnf receptors (tnf-rs) in the spleen and blood of balb/c mice challenged with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were monitored. infection developed in two phases: the first, up to day 21, was associated with rapid mac multiplication in the spleen and a drop in the mycobacteremia, and the second was associated with control of the infection in both compartments. in the spleen, tnf-alpha and tnf-rii mrna levels p ... | 1999 | 10531226 |
| [internalization and replication of mycobacterium tuberculosis and m. avium complex within type ii alveolar epithelial cell line]. | profiles of internalization and replication of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) or m. avium complex (mac) within a-549 human type ii alveolar epithelial cell line (a-549 cells) were studied and the results were compared with the mode of internalizing and proliferative behaviors of the organisms within murine peritoneal macrophages (m phi s) and various m phi-like cell lines (murine j774a. 1, human thp-1, and human mono-mac-6). first, mtb and mac internalized not only in peritoneal m phi s and m ... | 1999 | 10535278 |
| [effects of the chinese traditional medicines "mao-bushi-saishin-to" and "yokuinin" on the antimycobacterial activity of murine macrophages against mycobacterium avium complex infection]. | we previously examined the effects of two chinese traditional medicines "mao-bushi-saishin-to" (mbst) and "yokuinin", on the therapeutic efficacies of a benzoxazinorifamycin, krm-1648, against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection induced in mice. mbst but not yokuinin potentiated the therapeutic activity of krm-1648 against mac infection. in the present study, we examined the effects of these traditional medicines on some m phi cell functions. first, mbst significantly potentiated m phi a ... | 1999 | 10535279 |
| [chemoprophylaxis against mycobacterium avium complex infection induced in mice]. | m. avium complex (mac) is one of the important causative agents of opportunistic infections among aids patients. recent evidence showed that the entry of infection is through the gastrointestinal tract. in the present study, we compared the prophylactic effect of some antimicrobials against mac infection induced in mice. different groups of beige mice were fed with pellets containing 0.0067% (10 mg/kg) of krm-1648, rifabutin (rfb) and clarithromycin (cam). seven days after the administration of ... | 1999 | 10535281 |
| the dnaa gene region of mycobacterium avium and the autonomous replication activities of its 5' and 3' flanking regions. | a 3.9 kb dna fragment containing the dnaa gene region of mycobacterium avium was cloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined. nucleotide sequence analyses indicated that this region encodes three genes in the order rpmh (ribosomal protein l34), dnaa (the putative initiator protein) and dnan (the beta subunit of dna polymerase iii). the intergenic regions between the rpmh-dnaa and dnaa-dnan genes were found to contain several putative dnaa boxes, 9 nt long dnaa protein recognition sequences ... | 1999 | 10537213 |
| induction of hiv-1-specific t cell responses by administration of cytokines in late-stage patients receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy. | highly active anti-retroviral therapy (haart) is associated with reduction in the morbidity and mortality of patients with advanced hiv-1 disease. the ability of such treatment to improve immune responses against hiv-1 and opportunistic pathogens is variable and limited. addition of cytokine immunotherapy to this treatment may improve immune responses. il-2 with or without granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) was administered to hiv-1+ individuals receiving haart with undete ... | 1999 | 10540163 |
| a non-parametric maximum likelihood estimator for bivariate interval censored data. | we derive a non-parametric maximum likelihood estimator for bivariate interval censored data using standard techniques for constrained convex optimization. our approach extends those taken for univariate interval censored data. we illustrate the estimator with bivariate data from an aids study. | 1999 | 10544308 |
| an extension of kendall's coefficient of concordance to bivariate interval censored data. | non-parametric tests of independence, as well as accompanying measures of association, are essential tools for the analysis of bivariate data. such tests and measures have been developed for uncensored and right censored failure time data, but have not been developed for interval censored failure time data. bivariate interval censored data arise in aids studies in which screening tests for early signs of viral and bacterial infection are done at clinic visits. because of missed clinic visits, th ... | 1999 | 10544309 |
| localized mycobacterium avium intracellulare psoas abscess in patients with aids after antiretroviral therapy. | | 1999 | 10546883 |
| comparative antimycobacterial activities of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and grepafloxacin. | infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria and multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis are difficult to treat. new compounds potentially active against these bacteria are therefore constantly being sought. among them is grepafloxacin, a new c5 fluoroquinolone. a panel of 130 isolates of mycobacteria including 33 m. tuberculosis isolates and 97 isolates of different species of atypical mycobacteria were analysed for susceptibility to grepafloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. the m ... | 1999 | 10552981 |
| identification and semiquantitation of mycobacterium avium using a competitive pcr method. | a competitive pcr method with standard dna (mimic) was developed for the rapid detection and semiquantitation of mycobacterium avium (m. avium) using primers specific for the alpha antigen sequence of the bacteria. dna from both m. avium and mycobacterium marinum was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), but only m. avium could be detected by subsequent blotting confirmation with a probe specific for the bacteria. with the pcr and subsequent dot blot hybridization, as little as 10 fg of ... | 1999 | 10553674 |
| anti-cord factor (trehalose 6,6'dimycolate) igg antibody in tuberculosis patients recognizes mycolic acid subclasses. | the detection of anti-cord factor (trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate) igg antibody in active (smear-and/or culture-positive) and inactive (smear-and culture-negative) tuberculosis patients is a useful serodiagnostic tool that can be used for early clinical diagnosis of the disease. we estimated the titers of anticord factor igg antibody in the sera of tuberculosis patients, and compared them with those of mycobacterium avium-infected patients. most of the serum samples obtained from the tuberculosis pat ... | 1999 | 10553679 |
| disseminated infection with mycobacterium genavense: a challenge to physicians and mycobacteriologists. | in the present study we compared the clinical presentations of patients with a clinical diagnosis of aids and disseminated mycobacterium genavense infection (n = 12) with those of patients with aids and disseminated m. avium complex (mac) infection (n = 24). abdominal pain was seen more frequently in the group of patients infected with m. genavense than in patients infected with mac (p = 0. 003). analysis of microbiological data revealed that stool specimens from patients infected with m. genave ... | 1999 | 10565904 |
| nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children. | to describe the clinical and epidemiologic features, management and outcome associated with the development of nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) superficial lymphadenitis in children. | 1999 | 10571431 |
| is1245 genotypic analysis of mycobacterium avium isolates from patients in brazil. | disseminated mycobacterium avium infection is an emerging opportunistic disease among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in brazil. the mode of transmission of m. avium in a developing country setting needs to be better characterized. | 1999 | 10575147 |
| nosocomial infections in patients with hiv disease. | throughout the aids epidemic, nosocomial infection in the patient with hiv disease has presented a constant problem--not only for the hospitalized patient but also for the clinic attender. the nosocomial spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has emphasized the need for effective control of infection measures in dealing with the immunodeficient. increased recognition of nosocomial bacterial pneumonias has raised questions about the place, if any, of antimicrobial prophylaxis in preventing gr ... | 1999 | 10582184 |
| azithromycin as treatment for disseminated mycobacterium avium complex in aids patients. | this multicenter, randomized, dose-ranging study was performed to determine the safety and efficacy of two different doses of azithromycin for treating disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in patients with aids. eighty-eight aids patients with symptoms and blood cultures consistent with disseminated mac were treated with 600 or 1,200 mg of azithromycin daily for 6 weeks; 62 patients completed the entire 6 weeks of study. of note, this study was done prior to the time when combination a ... | 1999 | 10582873 |
| activities of poloxamer crl-1072 against mycobacterium avium in macrophage culture and in mice. | earlier studies reported that certain large hydrophobic poloxamer surfactants were able to inhibit the growth of mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare complex (mai) in broth and to produce synergistic enhancement of the activity of rifampin. crl-1072 was synthesized to have an optimal structure for antimicrobic effects and greater purity. its mic for mai in broth was greater than 100 microg/ml. surprisingly, its mic for mai growing in human u937 monocytoid cells was much lower, 5 microg/ml. a st ... | 1999 | 10582879 |
| comparative in vitro antimicrobial activities of the newly synthesized quinolone hsr-903, sitafloxacin (du-6859a), gatifloxacin (am-1155), and levofloxacin against mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex. | we compared the in vitro antimycobacterial activity of a new fluoroquinolone, hsr-903, with strong activity against gram-positive cocci with those of levofloxacin (lvfx), sitafloxacin (stfx), and gatifloxacin (gflx). the mics of the quinolones for mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex were in the order stfx approximately gflx < lvfx <== hsr-903 and stfx <== gflx <== hsr-903 <== lvfx, respectively. hsr-903 effectively eliminated intramacrophagial m. tuberculosis, as did lvfx, ... | 1999 | 10582897 |
| mycobacterium avium infection of the skin associated with lichen scrofulosorum: report of three cases. | we report three japanese children with mycobacterium avium infection of the skin who also developed lichen scrofulosorum, a previously undescribed association. they were healthy except for the presence of several noduloulcerative lesions associated with multiple asymptomatic papules on the trunk and extremities. histology of the ulcerative lesions showed features of mixed-cell granuloma, whereas the papular lesions showed features consistent with lichen scrofulosorum. m. avium was identified by ... | 1999 | 10583068 |
| enhanced in vivo human immunodeficiency virus-1 replication in the lungs of human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the relationship of serum human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) rna levels to hiv-1 rna levels in other compartments, such as the lungs, is not well characterized. the purpose of this study was to determine the viral burden of hiv-1 in the lungs by comparing hiv-1 rna in cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) with that in serum. specimens were examined from 77 hiv-seropositive adults (cd4(+) cell counts: 0 to 700 cells/mm(3); 48% receiving prescribed antiretroviral agents), comprising 43 ... | 1999 | 10588627 |
| cost-effectiveness of azithromycin for preventing mycobacterium avium complex infection in hiv-positive patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. the swiss hiv cohort study. | we conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis to determine the clinical and economic consequences of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) prophylaxis in hiv-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) in a health care system with access unrestricted by financial barriers. the analysis was performed from a health care perspective and compared azithromycin (1200 mg/week) with no prophylaxis over a period of 10 years based on data from the swiss hiv cohort study (shcs) an ... | 1999 | 10590283 |
| induction of in vivo persistent anti-mycobacterial activity by interferon-gamma-secreting fibroblasts. | to determine whether the paracrine secretion of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) can efficiently stimulate the resistance to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection, 3t3 fibroblasts were stably transduced to secrete ifn-gamma (500 units/10(6) cells/48 h) and their effects on mac infection were investigated in genetically susceptible balb/c mice, compared with that of free recombinant ifn-gamma (rifn-gamma). immunization with ifn-gamma-secreting fibroblasts (3t3-ifn-gamma) during intranasal infec ... | 2000 | 10590327 |
| extensive mediastinal lymphadenopathy in an adult immunocompetent woman caused by mycobacterium avium complex. | we report a case of extensive mediastinal lymphadenopathy in a 29-year-old immunocompetent woman, which was thought to be caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). chest radiographs showed deterioration while the patient was receiving antituberculous medication for 8 months. after isolation of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) from a lymph node aspiration biopsy and switch to a mac-specific therapeutic regimen, the lesion almost completely disappeared within 1 year. to our knowledge, this is t ... | 1999 | 10593812 |
| clinical experience with filgrastim in aids. | data have shown that neutropenia is a risk factor for severe bacterial infections. two trials were done in hiv-infected patients to study the effect of filgrastim on neutropenia and the incidence of severe bacterial infections. the incidence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in this setting was also evaluated. this paper reviews the results of these two studies, which suggest that filgrastim is safe and effective in preventing severe neutropenia in patients with advanced hiv infecti ... | 1999 | 10596031 |
| mycobacterium avium complex causing endobronchial disease in aids patients after partial immune restoration. | to report the development of an unusual manifestation of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in two patients with the acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (aids) after the commencement of combination antiretroviral chemotherapy. | 1999 | 10599019 |
| potential interaction between itraconazole and clarithromycin. | three patients negative for human immunodeficiency virus infection were admitted for pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and aspergillosis infections. they were treated with different drug combinations, but all regimens included clarithromycin for mac and itraconazole for aspergillosis. all patients experienced an increase in clarithromycin concentrations and clarithromycin: 14-oh-clarithromycin ratio compared with expected range values. they had no clinical side effects. the time course ... | 1999 | 10600094 |
| clinical and laboratory findings of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection (dmac) in a pair matched case-control study. | a pair matched case/control study was conducted from january 1991 to 30 june 1992 in order to define clinical and laboratory findings associated with dmac infection in aids patients. since dmac infection is usually associated with advanced immunodeficiency, and therefore also with other opportunistic illnesses, in addition to the number of cd4+ lymphocytes, cases and controls were matched using the following criteria: date of aids diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy, number and severity of asso ... | 1999 | 10602540 |
| aminoglycoside resistance in mycobacterium kansasii, mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare, and mycobacterium fortuitum: are aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes responsible? | aminoglycoside acetyltransferase was detected in mycobacterium kansasii and m. fortuitum but not in m. avium-m. intracellulare when they were screened by a radioassay. aminoglycoside phosphotransferase and nucleotidyltransferase activities were absent from all three species tested. acetyltransferases from both m. kansasii and m. fortuitum displayed relatively high k(m)s, all at the millimolar level, for substrates including tobramycin, neomycin, and kanamycin a. the k(m) of each substrate was we ... | 2000 | 10602720 |
| granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor augments phagocytosis of mycobacterium avium complex by human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected monocytes/macrophages in vitro and in vivo. | the role of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection on the ability of human monocytes/macrophages to phagocytose mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in vivo and in vitro and the effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) on this function were investigated. by use of a flow cytometric assay to quantify phagocytosis, hiv-1 infection was found to impair the ability of monocyte-derived macrophages to phagocytose mac in vitro, whereas gm-csf significantly improved ... | 2000 | 10608795 |
| mycobacterium avium resists exposure to the acidic conditions of the stomach. | organisms of the mycobacterium avium complex are common pathogens in immunosuppressed patients such as individuals with aids. there is evidence that in aids patients, the main route for m. avium infection is the gastrointestinal tract. the stomach is a formidable barrier to pathogens and the ability to resist exposure to ph lower than 3 has been shown to be a virulence determinant of enteric pathogens. incubation of three clinical isolates of m. avium under acidic ph revealed resistance of m. av ... | 2000 | 10612729 |
| etiology of neutropenia in hiv-infected patients. | the causes of neutropenia in hiv-infected patients are described, as is the association of absolute neutrophil count (anc) and the risk of bacterial infections. in patients with hiv infection, neutropenia can result from the disease or related malignancies, drug therapies, or opportunistic infections. hiv can cause neutropenia by directly or indirectly impairing hematopoiesis. similarly, microorganisms that cause opportunistic infections, such as cytomegalovirus and mycobacterium avium complex, ... | 1999 | 10613380 |
| [mycobacterium avium intracellulare mediastinal lymphadenitis in a child. a case report]. | | 1999 | 10615381 |
| dehalogenation of haloalkanes by mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv and other mycobacteria. | haloalkane dehalogenases convert haloalkanes to their corresponding alcohols by a hydrolytic mechanism. to date, various haloalkane dehalogenases have been isolated from bacteria colonizing environments that are contaminated with halogenated compounds. a search of current databases with the sequences of these known haloalkane dehalogenases revealed the presence of three different genes encoding putative haloalkane dehalogenases in the genome of the human parasite mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv ... | 2000 | 10618227 |
| studies on beta-d-gal(f)-(1-->4)-alpha-l-rha(p) octyl analogues as substrates for mycobacterial galactosyl transferase activity. | the biochemically unique structures of sugar residues in the outer cell wall of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) make the pathways for their biosynthesis and utilization attractive targets for the development of new and selective anti-tubercular agents. a cell-free assay system for galactosyltransferase activity using udp[14c]gal as the glycosyl donor, as well as an in vitro colorimetric broth micro-dilution assay system, were used to determine the activities of three beta-d-gal(f)(1-->4)-alpha- ... | 1999 | 10632050 |
| a meningioma-mimicking tumor caused by mycobacterium avium complex in an immunocompromised patient. | intracranial tuberculomas manifesting radiologically as typical dural-based "meningiomas" have been reported, most frequently in immunosuppressed patients. their incidence is high in developing countries; they are only sporadically observed in western europe and north america, usually in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). according to published reports, intracranial tuberculomas are always due to infection by mycobacterium tuberculosis. we report a case of a 50-year-old wom ... | 2000 | 10632498 |
| a retrospective study of the addition of ciprofloxacin to clarithromycin and ethambutol in the treatment of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection. | disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (dmac) infection is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in hiv-infected individuals. the combination antibiotic regimens containing clarithromycin can decrease symptoms and improve survival in patients with dmac, however, optimal therapy remains to be defined. quinolones have been widely used in the treatment of dmac but their utility has not been established. a retrospective cohort study of dmac infection was established in a metropolitan h ... | 1999 | 10639059 |
| comparative antimicrobial activities of the newly synthesized quinolone wq-3034, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin against mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex. | wq-3034 is a newly synthesized acidic fluoroquinolone. we assessed its in vitro activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis and m. avium complex using levofloxacin (lvfx), ciprofloxacin (cpfx), sparfloxacin (spfx), and krm-1648 (krm) as reference drugs. the mics of these agents were determined by the agar dilution method with 7h11 medium. the mics at which 50 and 90% of the test strains were inhibited (mic(50)s, and mic(90)s, respectively) for the test quinolones for rifampin (rmp)-susceptible m ... | 2000 | 10639351 |
| synthesis and in vitro anti-mycobacterium activity of n-alkyl-1, 2-dihydro-2-thioxo-3-pyridinecarbothioamides. preliminary toxicity and pharmacokinetic evaluation. | disseminated infections with mycobacterium tuberculosis (mt) and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are increasingly opportunistic diseases in patients with advanced acquired human immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). a series of n-alkyl-1, 2-dihydro-2-thioxo-3-pyridinecarbothioamides has been synthesized, and mics for mt and mac strains, either standard or isolated from infected patients, have been determined. preliminary tests show a good activity and a very low toxicity for some derivatives. phar ... | 2000 | 10649975 |
| pathogenicity of mycobacterium avium complex serovar 9 isolated from painted quail (excalfactoria chinensis). | avian tuberculosis accompanied with many tubercular lesions in the liver and spleen was found in a painted quail at a zoological garden in japan. mycobacterium avium complex (mac) serovar 9 without insertion sequence of is901 was isolated from the liver (1.3 x 10(8) cfu/g), oviduct (9.4 x 10(7) cfu/g), and intestine (1.5 x 10(5) cfu/g). the isolates were inoculated intravenously to chickens. the inoculated chickens showed clinical symptoms of avian tuberculosis. birds are susceptible to mac sero ... | 1999 | 10651051 |
| species identification of mycobacterium avium complex isolates by a variety of molecular techniques. | organisms in the mycobacterium avium complex (mac; m. avium, m. intracellulare, and "nonspecific or x" mac) are emerging pathogens among individual organisms of which significant genetic variability is displayed. the objective of the present study was to evaluate various molecular methods for the rapid and definitive identification of mac species. isolates were obtained from both human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive patients and hiv-negative patients with and without known predisposing co ... | 2000 | 10655336 |
| [change on chest ct findings of "primary infection of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex"]. | we reviewed the chest ct findings of 15 patients with "primary infection of mycobacterium avium complex". all of them were female and the average age of them was 64.9 years old. they received no or only insufficient therapy. comparing the chest ct findings followed up for the average of 60.9 months interval, only three patients showed clear progression. all of the cases with less than three lobes involved at the onset unchanged or improved. on the radiographic features at the onset, small nodulo ... | 1999 | 10655689 |
| ultrastructural study of mycobacterium avium infection of ht-29 human intestinal epithelial cells. | mycobacterium avium is a common pathogen in aids patients and, in a large percentage of those patients, m. avium infection appears to be acquired via the gastrointestinal tract. m. avium is able to bind to and enter human and murine intestinal epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. the invasion by and intracellular fate of m. avium in the ht-29 intestinal epithelial cell line was examined in an ultrastructural study. bacterial contact with polarised cells was observed 10-15 min after monolayer i ... | 2000 | 10670564 |
| early results (at 6 months) with intermittent clarithromycin-including regimens for lung disease due to mycobacterium avium complex. | we initiated a prospective noncomparative trial of treatment for lung disease due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients, with a regimen of clarithromycin (1000 mg), rifabutin (300-600 mg), and ethambutol (25 mg/kg) administered 3 times per week. fifty-nine patients were enrolled. twelve (20%) were lost to follow-up, and 6 (10%) developed clarithromycin intolerance. the remaining 41 patients (69%) completed the initial 6 months of therapy. the sput ... | 2000 | 10671330 |
| case records of the massachusetts general hospital. weekly clinicopathological exercises. case 5-2000. a 35-year-old man with a painful abdominal mass and fever. | | 2000 | 10675431 |
| disinfectant effects of hot water, ultraviolet light, silver ions and chlorine on strains of legionella and nontuberculous mycobacteria. | the disinfectant effects on legionella and nontuberculous mycobacteria of hot water, ultraviolet light, silver ions and chlorine, were evaluated. the bacterial strains legionella pneumophila atcc33152 and mycobacterium avium atcc25291 and strains of l. pneumophila and m. avium which had been isolated from a 24 h bath, were examined for their resistance to treatments. all strains were killed within 3 min on exposure to hot water at 70 degrees c and exposure to ultraviolet light at 90 mw.s/cm2. th ... | 2000 | 10677839 |
| [mycobacterium avium complex infection in a patient with idiopathic cd4+ t-lymphocytopenia]. | primary cutaneous infections with mac are extremely rare. we report a case of primary cutaneous infection with mac, in a 69 year-old hiv-negative male. idiopathic cd4+ t-lymphocytopenia was diagnosed. | 2000 | 10680474 |
| [effect of serotype specific glycopeptidolipid (gpl) isolated from mycobacterium avium complex (mac) on phagocytosis and phagosome-lysosome fusion of human peripheral blood monocytes]. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a typical intracellular parasite similar to m. tuberculosis and is one of the most important pathogens that coinfects aids patients. attention has been focused on m. avium infection causing immunosuppression of hosts. specific serotype-subspecies such as 1, -4 or -8 serotypes can be isolated frequently in humans infected with hiv. furthermore, the prognosis after infection differs depending on the serotype. serotype-4 in general shows unfavourable prognosis, ... | 2000 | 10689813 |
| [isolation of mycobacterium avium complex from the "24-hour bath"]. | the "24-hour bath" is an apparatus which circulates the bath water, keeps it clean and warm, and makes it possible to take a bath at any time during the day or night. it consists of apparatus for cleaning (sponge or mesh filter and filter material), heating (ceramic heater), and sterilizing (uv lamp). recently, three cases of skin disease due to m. avium infection in private homes, in which "24-hour bath" water was suspected to be the source of infection, have been reported. we attempted to isol ... | 2000 | 10689814 |
| comparison of two automated systems for the isolation of mycobacteria from clinical specimens. | the bactec mgit 960 (becton-dickinson, uk) automated mycobacterial liquid culture system was compared with the bactec 9000 mb (becton-dickinson) in order to assess ease of use, diagnostic reliability and safety features. one thousand twenty-nine clinical specimens were cultured in parallel, yielding a total of 125 (12.1%) mycobacterial isolates, including 71 mycobacterium tuberculosis and 18 mycobacterium avium. the bactec mgit 960 demonstrated a mycobacterial recovery rate and speed of detectio ... | 1999 | 10691207 |
| [geographic distribution of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex serovars isolated from patients in five cities of japan]. | mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac), isolated from patients with mac infection in five cities in japan, was classified into m. avium and m. intracellulare by dna-dna hybridization assay (ddh). they were also classified into serovars by seroagglutination test and thin-layer chromatography (tlc) detecting serovar-specific antigens. the ratios of m. avium: intracellulare isolated in sendai, maebashi, kobe, hamamatsu, and kumamoto, were 100:0, 26:16, 37:12, 37:39, and 17:54, respectivel ... | 2000 | 10695297 |