| pyrithione inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication through interfering with nf-κb and heparanase. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is a continuous threat to the pig industry, causing high economic losses worldwide. current vaccination strategies provide only limited protection against prrsv infection. consequently, there is a need to develop new antiviral strategies. pyrithione (pt), a zinc ionophore, is used as an antibacterial and antifungal agent, and evidence has shown that pt inhibits the replication of various rna viruses. however, there is no data regarding ... | 2017 | 28284615 |
| transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 to and from vaccinated pigs in a one-to-one model. | the present study examined transmission by contact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) 1 in a one-to-one model to vaccinated and unvaccinated pigs and from vaccinated infected pigs to other vaccinated pigs. the experiment started by randomly assigning weaned pigs to groups v (n=24) and u (n=26). v pigs were vaccinated with a commercial live attenuated prrsv vaccine and the u animals were kept as unvaccinated controls. twenty-eight days later, 6u pigs were separated and ... | 2017 | 28284607 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome type 1 viruses induce hypoplasia of erythroid cells and myeloid cell hyperplasia in the bone marrow of experimentally infected piglets independently of the viral load and virulence. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (prrsv) present a wide phenotypic and genetic diversity. experimental infections have demonstrated viral replication, including highly pathogenic strains (hp-prrsv), in primary lymphoid organs such as the thymus. however, studies of the bone marrow are scarce but necessary to help elucidate the immunobiology of prrsv strains of differing virulence. in this study, whereas viral rna was detected within the bone marrow of animals experimentally ... | 2017 | 28284598 |
| sampling guidelines for oral fluid-based surveys of group-housed animals. | formulas and software for calculating sample size for surveys based on individual animal samples are readily available. however, sample size formulas are not available for oral fluids and other aggregate samples that are increasingly used in production settings. therefore, the objective of this study was to develop sampling guidelines for oral fluid-based porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) surveys in commercial swine farms. oral fluid samples were collected in 9 weekly s ... | 2017 | 28284415 |
| pbmc transcriptome profiles identifies potential candidate genes and functional networks controlling the innate and the adaptive immune response to prrsv vaccine in pietrain pig. | the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is a devastating viral disease affecting swine production, health and welfare throughout the world. a synergistic action of the innate and the adaptive immune system of the host is essential for mounting a durable protective immunity through vaccination. therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the transcriptome profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) to characterize the innate and the adaptive immune response to pr ... | 2017 | 28278192 |
| next-generation sequencing as a tool for the study of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) macro- and micro- molecular epidemiology. | | 2017 | 28274496 |
| construction and immunogenicity of a recombinant swinepox virus expressing a multi-epitope peptide for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | to characterize neutralizing mimotopes, phages were selected from a 12-mer phage display library using three anti-porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) neutralizing monoclonal antibodies: (1) a1; (2) a2; and (3) a7. of these, a2 and a7 recognize the mimotope, p2, which contains the srhdhih motif, which has conserved consensus sequences from amino acid positions 156 to 161 in the n-terminal ectodomain of gp3. the artificial multi-epitope gene, mp2, was designed by combining ... | 2017 | 28272485 |
| type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection increases apoptosis at the maternal-fetal interface in late gestation pregnant gilts. | the pathogenesis of fetal death associated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is hypothesized to be a consequence of prrs virus-induced apoptosis at the maternal-fetal interface (mfi). the objectives of this study were to evaluate distribution and degree of apoptosis in the uterine and fetal placental tissues during the experimental type 2 prrs virus (prrsv) infection and determine associations between apoptosis at the mfi, prrsv rna concentration and antigen staining inte ... | 2017 | 28253336 |
| characterisation of the nucleic acid binding features of the prrsv 7ap and its ability to induce antinuclear antibodies. | a short alternative open reading frame named orf7a has recently been discovered within the nucleocapsid gene of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) genome. proteins (7ap) translated from the orf7a of two divergent strains - a type i and a type ii - are able to completely reduce the motility of nucleic acids at relatively high molar charge ratios in gel retardation assays indicating strong dsdna- and ssrna-binding capability. conserved rna- and dna-binding properties s ... | 2017 | 28244336 |
| dynamic changes in bronchoalveolar macrophages and cytokines during infection of pigs with a highly or low pathogenic genotype 1 prrsv strain. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) replicates primarily in pulmonary alveolar macrophages (pams) and the resulting lung damage is influenced by strain virulence. to better understand the pathogenesis of prrsv infection, we performed a longitudinal study of the pam population and lung cytokines in specific pathogen-free pigs infected either with the highly pathogenic lena strain or with the low pathogenic finistere strain in comparison to uninfected pigs. bronchoalveolar ... | 2017 | 28241868 |
| efficacy of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) vaccine against the 2010 isolate of vietnamese highly pathogenic prrsv challenge in pigs. | the efficacy of a commercial attenuated live type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) vaccine was tested under experimental infection with a highly virulent vietnamese virus isolated from a diseased pig affected with highly pathogenic prrs (hp-prrs) using specific pathogen-free (spf) pigs. twenty-five 4-week-old spf pigs were divided into three groups as follows: pigs vaccinated with a single dose of the vaccine (group 1, n=10), unvaccinated pigs (group 2, n=10) and unvaccinat ... | 2017 | 28239040 |
| estimation of the transmission parameters for swine influenza and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in pigs from weaning to slaughter under natural conditions. | in the present study, the transmission parameters of swine influenza virus (siv) and porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (prrsv) have been calculated using the basic reproductive rate (r) parameter in two commercial pig farms (f1 and f2). in order to do this, a serological (prrsv genotype 1 and siv) and virological (siv) follow-up of a batch of animals was carried out weekly from 3 weeks of age until the age of slaughter on each farm. results of the analysis for siv and prrsv showed diffe ... | 2017 | 28237230 |
| unraveling the contact patterns and network structure of pig shipments in the united states and its association with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) outbreaks. | the analysis of the pork value chain is becoming key to understanding the risk of infectious disease dissemination in the swine industry. in this study, we used social network analysis to characterize the swine shipment network structure and properties in a typical multisite swine production system in the us. we also aimed to evaluate the association between network properties and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (prrsv) transmission between production sites. we analyzed the 1 ... | 2017 | 28237226 |
| precision engineering for prrsv resistance in pigs: macrophages from genome edited pigs lacking cd163 srcr5 domain are fully resistant to both prrsv genotypes while maintaining biological function. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is a panzootic infectious disease of pigs, causing major economic losses to the world-wide pig industry. prrs manifests differently in pigs of all ages but primarily causes late-term abortions and stillbirths in sows and respiratory disease in piglets. the causative agent of the disease is the positive-strand rna prrs virus (prrsv). prrsv has a narrow host cell tropism, limited to cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. cd163 has been descri ... | 2017 | 28231264 |
| evaluation of hydrophobic chitosan-based particulate formulations of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine candidate t cell antigens. | prrs control is hampered by the inadequacies of existing vaccines to combat the extreme diversity of circulating viruses. since immune clearance of prrsv infection may not be dependent on the development of neutralising antibodies and the identification of broadly-neutralising antibody epitopes have proven elusive, we hypothesised that conserved t cell antigens represent potential candidates for development of a novel prrs vaccine. previously we had identified the m and nsp5 proteins as well-con ... | 2017 | 28228336 |
| identification of host cellular proteins that interact with the m protein of a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine strain. | the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) continues to pose one of the greatest threats to the swine industry. m protein is the most conserved and important structural protein of prrsv. however, information about the host cellular proteins that interact with m protein remains limited. | 2017 | 28222748 |
| genetic engineering alveolar macrophages for host resistance to prrsv. | standard strategies for control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) have not been effective, as vaccines have not reduced the prevalence of disease and many producers depopulate after an outbreak. another method of control would be to prevent the virus from infecting the pig. the virus was thought to infect alveolar macrophages by interaction with a variety of cell surface molecules. one popular model had prrsv first interacting with heparin sulfate followed by binding ... | 2017 | 28215617 |
| comparison of protocols for the analysis of type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by rt-pcr using oral fluids. | the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in oral fluids (of) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) is gaining increasing popularity. however, the different steps leading to a result have not been extensively evaluated. the aim of the present study was to examine the effect on the performance of qrt-pcr with different sampling materials, conditions of storage of the of, the need for centrifuging of, as well as to compare rna extraction m ... | 2017 | 28213086 |
| genomewide association of piglet responses to infection with one of two porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is a devastating disease in the swine industry. identification of host genetic factors that enable selection for improved performance during prrs virus (prrsv) infection would reduce the impact of this disease on animal welfare and production efficiency. we conducted genomewide association study (gwas) analyses of data from 13 trials of approximately 200 commercial crossbred nursery-age piglets that were experimentally infected with 1 of 2 typ ... | 2017 | 28177360 |
| new perspective of host micrornas in the control of prrsv infection. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is one of the most important diseases in pigs, leading to significant economic losses in swine industry worldwide. prrs virus (prrsv) is an enveloped positive single-stranded rna virus, which mainly infects cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage. micrornas (mirnas) are small non-coding rnas and have emerged as important regulators of virus-host cell interactions. in the past several years, scientists have been trying to understand the interactio ... | 2017 | 28161213 |
| assessment of the efficacy of two novel dna vaccine formulations against highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | since may 2006, a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) has emerged and prevailed in mainland china, affecting over 2 million pigs. commercial prrsv killed and modified live vaccines cannot provide complete protection against hp-prrsv due to genetic variation. development of more effective vaccines against the emerging hp-prrsv is urgently required. in our previous studies, two formulations of dna vaccines (pcdna3.1-poifn-λ1-synorf5 and bpei/plga-synorf ... | 2017 | 28157199 |
| evaluation of the new commercial recombinant chimeric subunit vaccine prrsfree in challenge with heterologous types 1 and 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | the objective of this study was to evaluate a new recombinant chimeric vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). the subunit vaccine, prrsfree, from reber genetics, taiwan, republic of china, is based on a plasmid containing a detoxified pseudomonas exotoxin carrying open reading frame (orf) 7, 1b, and 5 and 6 chimeric subunits of types 1 and 2 prrsv. pigs were injected intramuscularly with 2.0 ml of the vaccine at 21 and 42 d of age, according to the manufactu ... | 2017 | 28154457 |
| interleukin-21 drives proliferation and differentiation of porcine memory b cells into antibody secreting cells. | immunological prevention of infectious disease, especially viral, is based on antigen-specific long-lived memory b cells. to test for cellular proliferation and differentiation factors in swine, an outbred model for humans, cd21+ b cells were activated in vitro with cd40l and stimulated with purported stimulatory cytokines to characterize functional responses. il-21 induced a 3-fold expansion in total cell numbers with roughly 15% of all b cells differentiating to igm or igg antibody secreting c ... | 2017 | 28125737 |
| reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay for the rapid detection of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is one of the most important pathogens in pigs, and has tremendous negative economic impact on the swine industry worldwide. prrsv is classified into the two distinct genotypes: type 1 and type 2, and most of the described prrsv isolates in china are type 2. rapid and sensitive detection of prrsv is of great importance for the disease control and regional eradication programs. recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa) has emerged as a ... | 2017 | 28122203 |
| genetic diversity of orf 4-6 of type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in naturally infected pigs. | genotype 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has been highly prevalent throughout korea since the virus was first detected in 2005. however, genetic analyses of genotype 1 prrsv in korea have been limited to orf5 and/or orf7. in the present study, we determined 10 representative sequence covering orf4 to orf6 and each individual orfs of genotype 1 prrsv in korea, and performed molecular analyses. the most variable gene among the individual orfs of field strains was orf4 ... | 2017 | 28110785 |
| cellular microrna mir-10a-5p inhibits replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by targeting the host factor signal recognition particle 14. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is one of the most economically important viruses affecting the swine industry worldwide. micrornas (mirna) have recently been demonstrated to play vital roles in virus-host interactions. our previous research of small rna deep sequencing showed that the expression level of mir-10a increased during the viral lifecycle. the present study sought to determine the function of mir-10a and its molecular mechanism during prrsv infection. in th ... | 2017 | 28086075 |
| high-throughput whole genome sequencing of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from cell culture materials and clinical specimens using next-generation sequencing technology. | next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies have increasingly played crucial roles in biological and medical research, but are not yet in routine use in veterinary diagnostic laboratories. we developed and applied a procedure for high-throughput rna sequencing of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) from cell culture-derived isolates and clinical specimens. ten prrsv isolates with known sequence information, 2 mixtures each with 2 different prrsv isolates, and 51 clinica ... | 2017 | 28074712 |
| antagonizing cytokine-mediated jak-stat signaling by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | janus kinase (jak)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat) signaling pathway is activated by myriad cytokines, which are involved in regulation of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, immunity and inflammatory response. because of its significance in immune response, jak-stat pathway is often targeted by pathogens, including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). prrsv causes reproductive failure in sows and respiratory disea ... | 2016 | 28069291 |
| positive immunomodulatory effects of heterologous dna vaccine- modified live vaccine, prime-boost immunization, against the highly-pathogenic prrsv infection. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection is one of the most important swine pathogens, and causes a major economic impact worldwide. recently, a new variant type 2 prrsv, highly pathogenic prrsv (hp-prrsv) has emerged and continued to circulate in southeast asia region. currently, commercially available prrsv vaccines, modified live prrs vaccines (mlv) are not able to provide complete protection against hp-prrsv and been reported to induce negative immunomodulatory e ... | 2017 | 28063479 |
| porcine gpx1 enhances gp5-based dna vaccination against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has been causing huge economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. commercial prrsv vaccines including killed and modified live ones are available. however the protective efficacy of these vaccines is incomplete. thus, it is in urgent need to develop safer and more effective prrsv vaccines. in this study, we constructed a recombinant plasmid co-expressing porcine glutathione peroxidase-1 (gpx1) and the envelope glycoprotein (gp5) en ... | 2017 | 28063474 |
| cross reactivity of immune responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. | because porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) exhibits extensive genetic variation among field isolates, characterizing the extent of cross reactivity of immune responses, and most importantly cell-mediated immunity (cmi), could help in the development of broadly cross-protective vaccines. we infected 12 prrsv-naïve pigs with prrsv strain fl12 and determined the number of interferon (ifn)-γ secreting cells (sc) by elispot assay using ten type 2 and one type 1 prrsv isolates ... | 2017 | 28062126 |
| development of an immunochromatographic strip for the detection of antibodies against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | a simple and rapid immunochromatographic test strip using a colloidal gold-labeled recombinant nsp7 antigen probe was successfully developed for the detection of anti-prrsv antibodies in swine. recombinant nsp7 protein of prrsv labeled with colloidal gold was dispensed on a conjugate pad as the detector. staphylococcal protein a (spa) and purified porcine anti-nsp7 antibodies were blotted on a nitrocellulose membrane for the test and control lines, respectively. a comparison between the new assa ... | 2017 | 28057905 |
| genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in southern china from 2007 to 2014. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has a high degree of genetic variation. here, we characterized the genetic variation and evolutionary relationships among circulating prrsv strains in southern china. in this study, we analyzed 29 nsp2 strains and 150 orf5 strains from clinical samples collected in southern china during 2007-2014. the alignment results showed that the nucleotide identities of the two genes among these strains were 80.5-99.7% and 80.9-100%, respectively. ... | 2017 | 28057901 |
| control and eradication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 using a modified-live type 2 vaccine in combination with a load, close, homogenise model: an area elimination study. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) causes significant animal and economic losses worldwide. the infection is difficult to control and prrsv elimination at local level requires coordinated intervention among multiple farms. this case study describes a successful elimination of prrsv from all 12 herds on the horne peninsula, denmark, using a combination of load, close, homogenise (lch) using prrsv type 2 modified-live vaccine, optimised pig flow, and'10 golden rules' (10gr ... | 2017 | 28057035 |
| phylogenetic characterization of genes encoding for viral envelope glycoprotein (orf5) and nucleocapsid protein (orf7) of porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome virus found in malaysia in 2013 and 2014. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is one of the most expensive diseases of modern swine production & results in annual economic losses and cost the industry over 600 million usd in u.s. alone and billions of dollars worldwide. two atypical prrs cases were observed in 2013 and 2014 characterized by late-term abortion, fever and sudden increase in sow mortality which persisted for a prolonged period of time. | 2017 | 28056965 |
| overexpression of histone deacetylase 6 enhances resistance to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pigs. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is one of the most economically relevant viral pathogens in pigs and causes substantial losses in the pig industry worldwide each year. at present, prrsv vaccines do not effectively prevent and control this disease. consequently, it is necessary to develop new antiviral strategies to compensate for the inefficacy of the available vaccines. histone deacetylase 6 (hdac6) is an important member of the histone deacetylase family that is res ... | 2017 | 28052127 |
| complete genome sequence of a mosaic nadc30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in china. | here, we report the complete genome of an nadc30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) strain, hnhx, which was isolated from henan province, china, in 2016 and was characterized by recombination with jxa1 strain (an epidemic highly pathogenic prrsv strain in china) in nsp4 to nsp9. | 2016 | 28007861 |
| nonstructural protein 4 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus modulates cell surface swine leukocyte antigen class i expression by downregulating β2-microglobulin transcription. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is the causative agent of prrs, which has important impacts on the pig industry. prrsv infection results in disruption of the swine leukocyte antigen class i (sla-i) antigen presentation pathway. in this study, highly pathogenic prrsv (hp-prrsv) infection inhibited transcription of the β2-microglobulin (β2m) gene (b2m) and reduced cellular levels of β2m, which forms a heterotrimeric complex with the sla-i heavy chain and a variable pept ... | 2017 | 28003480 |
| nonstructural protein 11 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus suppresses both mavs and rig-i expression as one of the mechanisms to antagonize type i interferon production. | type i interferons (ifn-α/β) play a key role in antiviral defense, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is known to down-regulate the ifn response in virus-infected cells and pigs. in this study, we showed that the overexpression of nsp11 of prrsv induced a strong suppression of ifn production. nsp11 suppressed both irf3 and nf-κb activities when stimulated with a dsrna analogue and tnf-α, respectively. this suppression was rlr dependent, since the transcripts and prot ... | 2016 | 27997564 |
| pathogenicity and antigenicity of a novel nadc30-like strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus emerged in china. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has spread globally and caused huge economic loss. in recent years, a new kind of highly pathogenic nadc30-like strain has emerged in china. however, the pathogenicity and antigenicity of the virus are not well understood. in this study, prrsv strain fj1402 was isolated from piglets with clinical signs in fujian province in china in 2014. the complete genomic sequence analysis showed that it arose from recombination of north america nad ... | 2016 | 27938690 |
| genomic sequence and virulence evaluation of mn184a-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in japan. | in this study, a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) that was isolated from a 9-week-old diseased pig on a farm in japan with a high mortality rate during 2007-2008 was characterized. this unique isolate, designated as jpn5-37, did not have a high nucleotide identity in open reading frame 5 against any japanese isolates. among all available type 2 prrsv complete genome sequences, jpn5-37 shared the highest nucleotide identity (93.6%) with virulent strain mn184a. the genom ... | 2016 | 27925288 |
| heme oxygenase-1 metabolite biliverdin, not iron, inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication. | porcinereproductiveandrespiratorysyndromevirus (prrsv) causes significant economic losses to the pork industry worldwide. previously, we demonstrated that heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1) interferes with prrsv replication. to elucidate the mechanisms involved, here we assess whether the ho-1 downstream metabolites biliverdin (bv) and/or iron mediate the ho-1 antiviral effect. we demonstrate a bv concentration-dependent suppression of prrsv replication and show that virions are not directly inactivated by ... | 2017 | 27908781 |
| interleukin-1 receptor antagonist: an early immunomodulatory cytokine induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection poorly induces pro-inflammatory cytokines (il-1, il-6 and tnf-α) and type i ifn production during the early phase of infection. our microarray analysis indicated strong upregulation of the il1ra gene in type 2 prrsv -infected monocyte-derived dendritic cells. interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (il-1ra) is an early inhibitory cytokine that suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines and t-lymphocyte responses. to investigate the induc ... | 2017 | 27902420 |
| the activation of the ifnβ induction/signaling pathway in porcine alveolar macrophages by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus is variable. | it has been recognized that the expression of type i interferon (ifnα/β) may be suppressed during infection with porcine reproductive, respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). this causes profound negative effects on both the innate and adaptive immunity of the host resulting in persistence of infection. | 2017 | 27896670 |
| sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the nsp2 and orf5 genes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in boars from south china in 2015. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is highly genetically diverse; however, little is known about the molecular epidemiology of prrsv in the boar farms of south china. in this study, 367 samples were collected from boar farms in south china in 2015. the nsp2 hypervariable region and orf5 gene were pcr amplified from 66 prrsv-positive samples, followed by sequencing and analysis. the percentage of prrsv antigen-positive samples was 17.98%; 8.72% were positive for highly pa ... | 2016 | 27888586 |
| vaccination mitigates the impact of prrsv infection on the pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid in pigs. | the pharmacokinetics of intramuscularly administered ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (ccfa) were determined in pigs that were clinically healthy (n = 8), vaccinated with a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome modified live virus (prrs mlv) (n = 10), challenged with wild-type porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) vr-2385 (n = 10), or vaccinated with prrs mlv and later challenged with wild-type prrsv vr-2385 (n = 10). animals were given a single dose of ccfa intramus ... | 2016 | 27885695 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus antagonizes jak/stat3 signaling via nsp5, which induces stat3 degradation. | signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3) is a pleiotropic signaling mediator of many cytokines, including interleukin-6 (il-6) and il-10. stat3 is known to play critical roles in cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, immunity and inflammatory responses. the objective of this study was to determine the effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection on the stat3 signaling since prrsv induces a weak protective immune response in host animals ... | 2017 | 27881658 |
| the crystal structure of the fifth scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain of porcine cd163 reveals an important residue involved in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) has become an economically critical factor in swine industry since its worldwide spread in the 1990s. infection by its causative agent, prrs virus (prrsv), was proven to be mediated by an indispensable receptor, porcine cd163 (pcd163), and the fifth scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain (srcr5) is essential for virus infection. however, the structural details and specific residues of pcd163 srcr5 involved in infection have not been defined y ... | 2017 | 27881657 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nsp1α inhibits nf-κb activation by targeting the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. | linear ubiquitination, a newly discovered posttranslational modification, is catalyzed by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (lubac), which is composed of three subunits: one catalytic subunit hoip and two accessory molecules, hoil-1l and sharpin. accumulating evidence suggests that linear ubiquitination plays a crucial role in innate immune signaling and especially in the activation of the nf-κb pathway by conjugating linear polyubiquitin chains to nf-κb essential modulator (nemo, also ... | 2017 | 27881655 |
| microrna 373 facilitates the replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by its negative regulation of type i interferon induction. | micrornas (mirnas) play an important role in the regulation of immune responses. previous studies have indicated that dysregulating the mirnas leads to the immunosuppression of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). however, it is not clear how prrsv regulates the expression of host mirna, which may lead to immune escape or promote the replication of the virus. the present work suggests that prrsv upregulated the expression of mir-373 through elevating the expression of spe ... | 2017 | 27881653 |
| an interferon inducing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine candidate elicits protection against challenge with the heterologous virulent type 2 strain vr-2385 in pigs. | achieving consistent protection by vaccinating pigs against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) remains difficult. recently, an interferon-inducing prrsv vaccine candidate strain a2mc2 was demonstrated to be attenuated and induced neutralizing antibodies. the objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of passage 90 of a2mc2 (a2p90) to protect pigs against challenge with moderately virulent prrsv strain vr-2385 (92.3% nucleic acid identity with a2mc2) and highly ... | 2017 | 27876202 |
| heterogeneous antigenic properties of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nucleocapsid. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is an arterivirus responsible for a widespread contagious disease of domestic pigs with high economic impact. switzerland is one of the rare prrsv-free countries in europe, although sporadic outbreaks have occurred in the past. the prrsv isolate ivi-1173 from the short outbreak in switzerland in 2012 was entirely sequenced, and a functional full-length cdna clone was constructed. genetic and antigenic characterization of ivi-1173 reveal ... | 2016 | 27871316 |
| ability of elisas to detect antibodies against porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus in serum of pigs after inactivated vaccination and subsequent challenge. | in this study, six enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa), intended for routine porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) herd monitoring, are tested for their ability to detect prrsv specific antibodies in the serum of pigs after vaccination with an inactivated prrsv type 1 vaccine and subsequent infection with a highly pathogenic (hp) prrsv field strain. for this reason, ten piglets (group v) from a prrsv negative herd were vaccinated twice at the age of 2 and 4 weeks wit ... | 2016 | 27871292 |
| replacement of porcine cd163 scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain 5 with a cd163-like homolog confers resistance of pigs to genotype 1 but not genotype 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | cd163 knockout (ko) pigs are resistant to infection with genotype 2 (type 2) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). furthermore, the substitution of cd163 scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (srcr) domain 5 with a homolog of human cd163-like (hcd163l1) srcr 8 domain confers resistance of transfected hek cells to type 1 prrsv. as a means to understand the role of domain 5 in prrsv infection with both type 1 and type 2 viruses, pigs were genetically modified (gm) to possess one ... | 2017 | 27847356 |
| comparison of prrsv nucleic acid and antibody detection in pen-based oral fluid and individual serum samples in three different age categories of post-weaning pigs from endemically infected farms. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is the causative agent of an economically important disease in swine. since it has been shown that prrsv and prrsv specific antibodies can be detected in oral fluid, many different aspects have been studied to show that oral fluid could be a worthy alternative diagnostic sample to serum for monitoring and surveillance of this disease. thorough field evaluations are however missing to convincingly show its usefulness under representative ... | 2016 | 27820859 |
| sustaining interferon induction by a high-passage atypical porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) strain a2mc2 induces type i interferons in cultured cells. the objective of this study was to attenuate this strain by serial passaging in marc-145 cells and assess its virulence and immunogenicity in pigs. the a2mc2 serially passaged 90 times (a2mc2-p90) retains the feature of interferon induction. the a2mc2-p90 replicates faster with a higher virus yield than wild type a2mc2 virus. infection of primary pulmonary alveolar macrophages ( ... | 2016 | 27805024 |
| recognition of highly diverse type-1 and -2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (prrsvs) by t-lymphocytes induced in pigs after experimental infection with a type-2 prrsv strain. | live attenuated vaccines confer partial protection in pigs before the appearance of neutralizing antibodies, suggesting the contribution of cell-mediated immunity (cmi). however, prrsv-specific t-lymphocyte responses and protective mechanisms need to be further defined. to this end, the hypothesis was tested that prrsv-specific t-lymphocytes induced by exposure to type-2 prrsv can recognize diverse isolates. | 2016 | 27798650 |
| carbon monoxide inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication by the cyclic gmp/protein kinase g and nf-κb signaling pathway. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) causes significant economic losses to the pork industry worldwide each year. our previous research demonstrated that heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1) can suppress prrsv replication via an unknown molecular mechanism. in this study, inhibition of prrsv replication was demonstrated to be mediated by carbon monoxide (co), a downstream metabolite of ho-1. using several approaches, we demonstrate that co significantly inhibited prrsv replication in b ... | 2017 | 27795439 |
| review on the transmission porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus between pigs and farms and impact on vaccination. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is considered to be one of the most costly diseases affecting intensive pig production worldwide. control of prrs is a complex issue and involves a combination of measures including monitoring, diagnosis, biosecurity, herd management, and immunization. in spite of the numerous studies dealing with prrs virus epidemiology, transmission of the infection is still not fully understood. the present article reviews the current knowledge on prrsv tra ... | 2016 | 27793195 |
| mortality due to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in immunocompromised göttingen minipigs (sus scrofa domestica). | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection was diagnosed in 6 göttingen minipigs (sus scrofa domestica) with severe interstitial pneumonia. the virus was defined as a north american (na) subtype virus, which is common in the commercial pig population and might be derived from a widely used attenuated live-virus vaccine in europe. the orf5 sequence of the isolated prrsv was 98% identical to the vaccine virus. the affected pigs were part of a lung transplantation model a ... | 2016 | 27780006 |
| combining laboratory and mathematical models to infer mechanisms underlying kinetic changes in macrophage susceptibility to an rna virus. | macrophages are essential to innate immunity against many pathogens, but some pathogens also target macrophages as routes to infection. the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is an rna virus that infects porcine alveolar macrophages (pams) causing devastating impact on global pig production. identifying the cellular mechanisms that mediate pam susceptibility to the virus is crucial for developing effective interventions. previous evidence suggests that the scavenger rece ... | 2016 | 27770812 |
| a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus candidate vaccine based on the synthetic attenuated virus engineering approach is attenuated and effective in protecting against homologous virus challenge. | current porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) vaccines sometimes fail to provide adequate immunity to protect pigs from prrsv-induced disease. this may be due to antigenic differences among prrsv strains. rapid production of attenuated farm-specific homologous vaccines is a feasible alternative to commercial vaccines. in this study, attenuation and efficacy of a codon-pair de-optimized candidate vaccine generated by synthetic attenuated virus engineering approach (save5) we ... | 2016 | 27742217 |
| commercial vaccines provide limited protection to nadc30-like prrsv infection. | nadc30-like prrsv has been recently reported and became endemic in vaccinated pig herds in china. the outbreaks of disease in vaccinated pigs indicated the inefficacy of commercial prrsv vaccines. in this study, five commercial prrsv vaccines that have been widely used in china were used to evaluate the efficacy to a nadc30-like prrsv infection. the vaccinated pigs were challenged with hnjz15, a nadc30-like prrsv at 28days post vaccination. compared to unvaccinated pigs, the vaccinated pigs clin ... | 2016 | 27712853 |
| microrna-like viral small rna from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus negatively regulates viral replication by targeting the viral nonstructural protein 2. | many viruses encode micrornas (mirnas) that are small non-coding single-stranded rnas which play critical roles in virus-host interactions. porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is one of the most economically impactful viruses in the swine industry. the present study sought to determine whether prrsv encodes mirnas that could regulate prrsv replication. four viral small rnas (vsrnas) were mapped to the stem-loop structures in the orf1a, orf1b and gp2a regions of the prrsv ... | 2016 | 27769040 |
| identification of viral genes associated with the interferon-inducing phenotype of a synthetic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain. | we recently generated a fully synthetic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain (designated as prrsv-con), which confers unprecedented levels of heterologous protection. we report herein that the synthetic prrsv-con possesses a unique phenotype in that it induces type-i interferons (ifns) instead of suppressing these cytokines as most of the naturally occurring prrsv isolates do. through gain- and loss- of-function studies, the ifn-inducing phenotype of prrsv-con was mapped to ... | 2016 | 27736706 |
| genome characterization of two nadc30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in china. | the recent emergence of nadc30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in vaccinated pigs arose more attentions for the high incidents of mutation and recombination of prrsvs. | 2016 | 27733979 |
| safety and efficacy of a novel european vaccine for porcine reproductive and respiratory virus in bred gilts. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) can be devastating to commercial breeding operations. the objective of this study was to evaluate a novel european prrsv vaccinal strain for safety and efficacy in bred gilts. in 2 experiments, 110 gilts were vaccinated intramuscularly and the vaccine was evaluated for safety and efficacy. gilts in experiment 1 were evaluated for local and systemic reactions and gilts in both experiments were observed for clinical signs of disease throu ... | 2016 | 27733781 |
| pathological and immunological characteristics of piglets infected experimentally with a hp-prrsv tj strain. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) remains a major threat to swine industry all over the world. the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of pathogenesis and immune responses caused by a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv). | 2016 | 27733150 |
| nuclear export signal of prrsv nsp1α is necessary for type i ifn inhibition. | the nonstructural protein 1α (nsp1α) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is a nucleo-cytoplasmic protein that suppresses the production of type i interferon (ifn). in this study, we investigated the relationship between the subcellular distribution of nsp1α and its inhibition of type i ifn. nsp1α was found to contain the classical nuclear export signal (nes) and nsp1α nuclear export was crm-1-mediated. nsp1α was shuttling between the nucleus and cytoplasm. we also show ... | 2016 | 27718457 |
| humoral immune responses and viral shedding following vaccination with modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccines. | the antibody response and pattern of shedding of vaccine virus following vaccination with modified live genotype i or ii porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) vaccines (mlvs) were investigated. ninety prrsv-free pigs were divided randomly seven, groups including the neg, eu1, eu2, us1, us2, us3 and us4 groups. the neg group was unvaccinated. the eu1, eu2, us1, us2, us3 and us4 groups were vaccinated with the following mlvs: amervac(®) prrs, porcillis(®) prrs, fostera™ prrs, ... | 2017 | 27695957 |
| strategies to broaden the cross-protective efficacy of vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is one of the most economically important viral pathogens currently affecting swine production worldwide. although prrs vaccines have been commercially available for over 20 years, the available vaccines are considered inadequately effective for control and eradication of the virus. major obstacles for the development of a highly effective prrs vaccine include the highly variable nature of the viral genome, the viral ability to subvert ... | 2016 | 27692670 |
| microrna let-7f-5p inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by targeting myh9. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is one of the most important viral pathogens in the swine industry. current antiviral strategies do not effectively prevent and control prrsv. recent reports show that micrornas (mirnas) play vital roles in viral infections by post transcriptionally regulating the expression of viral or host genes. our previous research showed that non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9 (myh9) is an essential factor for prrsv infection. using bioinformatic pre ... | 2016 | 27686528 |
| pathogenesis of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in chinese tibetan swine. | highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) was first characterized in 2006 in china, and it causes great economic losses to the chinese swine production industry. a china landrace pig, the tibetan pig, which has striking phenotypic and physiological differences from lowland pigs, is mainly distributed in the tibetan highlands of china. the susceptibility of the tibetan pig to hp-prrsv has not been reported. in this study, 15 4-week-old tibetan piglets were d ... | 2016 | 27663367 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) induces il-12p40 production through jnk-ap-1 and nf-κb signaling pathways. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) mainly infects monocyte/macrophage cells and modulates cytokine production to regulate host immune response. il-12p40 is the basic subunit of il-12, a heterodimeric cytokine, which plays key roles in the cell-mediated immune response. in the present study, we demonstrated that prrsv infection induced il-12p40 production in vitro and in vivo. subsequently, we showed that inhibitors of p38 mapk, jnk, and nf-κb dramatically reduced prrsv-i ... | 2016 | 27663131 |
| mirna29 promotes viral replication during early stage of prrsv infection in vitro. | mirnas are involved in various biological processes, such as host-virus interactions and antiviral immunity. in this study, we investigated the role of mir-29 on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) replication and its target genes. at first, mir-29a/b-1/c expression was detected when porcine alveolar macrophages (pams) were infected with prrsv at different infective doses by real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr). the result showed that mir-29a/b-1 exp ... | 2016 | 27657906 |
| maternal viral infection during pregnancy elicits anti-social behavior in neonatal piglet offspring independent of postnatal microglial cell activation. | maternal infection during pregnancy increases risk for neurodevelopmental disorders and reduced stress resilience in offspring, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. we hypothesized that piglets born from gilts infected with a respiratory virus during late gestation would exhibit aberrant microglia activity, cognitive deficits and reduced sociability. pregnant gilts were inoculated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv; 5×10(5) tcid50 of live prrsv) or saline at ... | 2017 | 27650113 |
| modulation of proinflammatory cytokines in monocyte-derived dendritic cells by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus through interaction with the porcine intercellular-adhesion-molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is an economically important global swine pathogen. prrsv infects porcine dendritic cells (dcs), but the effects of the interactions with dcs are largely unknown. current research focuses on the production and regulation of interferons and selected inflammatory cytokines in dcs, which may play key roles in immune modulation. in addition, prrsv also downregulates swine leukocyte antigen class i (sla-i), sla-ii, and cd80/86 costimulatory ... | 2016 | 27643915 |
| data on prrsv infection promoted the subtype of porcine dendritic cells from mdcs to pdcs in vivo. | the related study has confirmed that porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection may impair mature states of dcs can lead to suboptimal adaptive immune response ("the role of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in immunephenotype and th1/th2 balance of dendritic cells" (jinling liu, we shu, liaxia liu et al., 2016) [1]). in this data article,the porcine dendritic cells (dcs) isolated from porcine peripheral blood and spleen were collected after ... | 2016 | 27642622 |
| recombinant beta interferon could clear the low-dose infected porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in marc-145 cells. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) causes one of the most economically devastating and pandemic porcine diseases. previous study has shown that marc-145 cells pretreated with recombinant ifn-β (rifn-β) couldn't develop cytopathic effect (cpe) of prrsv. however, up to date, it is not clear whether marc-145 cells post-treated with rifn-β could develop cpe of prrsv. the present work showed that the marc-145 cells didn't develop the cpe at 120 hr post-infection (p.i.) with l ... | 2017 | 27640439 |
| genomic characterization and pathogenicity of a strain of type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | the emergence of type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has been noticed recently in china. in the present study, the complete genomic characterization of a strain of type 1 prrsv (designated gz11-g1) was described and its pathogenicity for piglets was analyzed. the results showed that the complete genome of gz11-g1 with a size of 15,094 nt, excluding the poly (a) tails, shared 80.2-96.3% identity with the representative strains of type 1 prrsv, and in particular, it ... | 2016 | 27619842 |
| efficient porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus entry in marc-145 cells requires egfr-pi3k-akt-limk1-cofilin signaling pathway. | viruses have evolved diverse strategies to take over cellular machinery to facilitate their infection. in our studies presented here, we first demonstrated that src kinase was involved in prrsv entry in marc-145 cells. further studies demonstrated epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) was activated by the currently unknown mechanism(s) during prrsv entry, which subsequently initiated egfr downstream signal pathways, such as pi3k/akt/limk1. through these pathways, the virus entry signal was ult ... | 2016 | 27619841 |
| chemical shift assignments of nsp7α from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is the causative agent of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, a destructive disease of swine. prrsv has a single strand positive-sense rna genome which contains at least ten open reading frames, of these, orf1a and orf1b encode polyproteins pp1a and pp1ab. subsequently, pp1a is cleaved into ten nonstructural proteins, including nonstructural protein 7α and 7β (nsp7α and 7β), the internal cleavage products of a conserved nonst ... | 2016 | 27613612 |
| is there a risk for introducing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) through the legal importation of pork? | since the appearance of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in the late 1980s, the virus has become endemic throughout the world, with only the countries of sweden, switzerland, finland, norway, australia, and new zealand historically free of prrs virus. biosecurity is maintained largely through restrictions on the importation of pigs and semen. the risk for a prrsv outbreak via the legal importation of fresh/chilled/frozen pork from prrsv-positive countries remains contr ... | 2017 | 27590771 |
| evaluation of the cross-protective efficacy of a chimeric porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus constructed based on two field strains. | one of the major hurdles to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) vaccinology is the limited or no cross-protection conferred by current vaccines. to overcome this challenge, a prrs chimeric virus (cv) was constructed using an fl12-based cdna infectious clone in which open reading frames (orfs) 3-4 and orfs 5-6 were replaced with the two korean field isolates k08-1054 and k07-2273,respectively. this virus was evaluated as a vaccine candidate to provide simultaneous protection agai ... | 2016 | 27556483 |
| mir-22 promotes porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication by targeting the host factor ho-1. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is one of the most economically important viruses affecting the swine industry worldwide. micrornas (mirnas) play vital roles in virus-host interactions by regulating the expression of viral or host gene at posttranscriptional level. our previous research showed that prrsv infection down-regulates the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1), a pivotal cytoprotective enzyme, and overexpression of ho-1 inhibits prrsv replication. in this st ... | 2016 | 27527787 |
| maternally-derived antibodies (mdas) impair piglets' humoral and cellular immune responses to vaccination against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs). | the influence of maternally-derived antibodies (mdas) on the post-vaccination humoral and cellular immune responses in piglets vaccinated against prrs was studied. the piglets came from a vaccinated breeding herd. thirty piglets with a low (a-) or high level (a+) of prrsv-neutralizing mdas were vaccinated (v+) with a modified live vaccine at 3 weeks of age. blood samples were collected before vaccination and then at 2, 4, 8 and 14 weeks post-vaccination (wpv). the samples were analysed to detect ... | 2016 | 27527780 |
| evaluation of a 20year old porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) modified live vaccine (ingelvac(®) prrs mlv) against two recent type 2 prrs virus isolates in south korea. | type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus (prrsv) was first isolated in korea in 1994. the commercial prrs modified live vaccine (ingelvac(®) prrs mlv, boehringer ingelheim vetmedica inc., st. joseph, missouri, usa) based on type 2 prrsv, was first licensed for use in 3- to 18-week-old pigs in korea in 1996. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of this 20year old commercial prrs modified live vaccine (mlv) against two recent prrsv isolates. two ... | 2016 | 27527771 |
| inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine adjuvanted with montanide™ gel 01 st elicits virus-specific cross-protective inter-genotypic response in piglets. | the efficacy of a novel bei-inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) candidate vaccine in pigs, developed at ribsp republic of kazakhstan and delivered with an adjuvant montanide™ gel 01 st (d/kv/adj) was compared with a commercial killed prrsv vaccine (nvdc-jxa1, c/kv/adj) used widely in swine herds of the republic of kazakhstan. clinical parameters (body temperature and respiratory disease scores), virological and immunological profiles [elisa and virus neutraliz ... | 2016 | 27527768 |
| relationships of cd163 and cd169 positive cell numbers in the endometrium and fetal placenta with type 2 prrsv rna concentration in fetal thymus. | several routes of porcine reproductive and respiratory virus prrsv transmission across the porcine diffuse epitheliochorial placentation have been proposed, but none have been proven. the objectives of this study were to investigate associations between numbers of cd163 and cd169 positive macrophages, cathepsin positive areolae, and type 2 prrsv load at the maternal-fetal interface in order to examine important factors related to transplacental infection. on gestation day 85 ± 1, naïve pregnant ... | 2016 | 27494990 |
| silac-based quantitative proteomic analysis of secretome of marc-145 cells infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is the causative agent of prrs, which causes severe reproductive failure in sows, respiratory disease in young and growing pigs, and enormous economic losses to the global swine industry. in this study, silac combined with ms/ms was used to quantitatively identify the secretory proteins differentially expressed in prrsv-infected marc-145 cells compared with mock-infected controls. in total, we identified 204 secretory proteins showing s ... | 2016 | 27493009 |
| complete genome sequence of highly virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus variants that recently emerged in the united states. | a recent outbreak of particularly virulent disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus has occurred in swine herds across the united states. we report here the complete genome sequence of eight viral isolates from four nebraska herds experiencing an outbreak of severe disease in 2016. | 2016 | 27491998 |
| recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus expressing luciferase genes provide a new indication of viral propagation in both permissive and target cells. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has a condensed single-stranded positive-sense rna genome that contains several overlapping regions. the transcription regulatory sequence (trs) is the important cis-acting element participating in prrsv discontinuous transcription process. based on reverse genetic system of type 2 highly pathogenic prrsv cell-passage attenuated strain phun4-f112, firefly luciferase or renilla luciferase genes were inserted between orf1b and orf2. an ex ... | 2016 | 27473986 |
| the role of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in immune phenotype and th1/th2 balance of dendritic cells. | the aim of this study was to characterize the immune response of dendritic cells derived from monocytes (mo-dcs) in the porcine peripheral blood following infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). viral load assays indicated that prrsv efficiently infected mo-dcs but failed to replicate, whereas prrsv infection of mo-dcs decreased the expression of sla-i, sla-ii, cd80 and cd40 compared with those of mock mo-dcs. furthermore, we analyzed the cytokine profiles usi ... | 2016 | 27473784 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus triggers mitochondrial fission and mitophagy to attenuate apoptosis. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) causes acute mitochondrial dysfunction by elevating the level of reactive oxygen species. mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. here we show that prrsv infection stimulated mitochondrial fission and mitophagy to attenuate apoptosis in marc145 cells. prrsv infection induced the expression of drp1, enhanced phosphorylation of drp1 at ser616 and its subsequent translocation to ... | 2016 | 27463011 |
| correction: developing a triple transgenic cell line for high-efficiency porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154238.]. | 2017 | 27459307 |
| a single amino acid substitution alter antigenicity of glycosylated protein 4 of hp-prrsv. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is an important pig endemic disease in pork-producing countries worldwide. the etiology, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), is characterized by fast antigen variability. glycosylated protein 4 (gp4) is a minor protein in prrsv virion, but contributes to induce protective immune responses. however, the antigenic characterization of prrsv gp4 and the role of the mutations in this protein in prrsv evolution are not clear ... | 2016 | 27457087 |
| the potential adjuvanticity of quaternized chitosan hydrogel based microparticles for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus inactivated vaccine. | infectious diseases possess a big threat to the livestock industry worldwide. currently, inactivated veterinary vaccines have attracted much attention to prevent infection due to their safer profile compared to live attenuated vaccine. however, its intrinsic poor immunogenicity demands the incorporation of an adjuvant. mineral oil based adjuvant (montanide™ isa206) was usually used to potentiate the efficacy of veterinary vaccines. however, isa206 could not induce robust cellular immune response ... | 2016 | 27449471 |
| generation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus-like-particles (vlps) with different protein composition. | the causative agent of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is an enveloped ssrna (+) virus belonging to the arteriviridae family. gp5 and m proteins form disulfide-linked heterodimers that constitute the major components of prrsv envelope. gp2, gp3, gp4 and e are the minor structural proteins, being the first three incorporated as multimeric complexes in the virus surface. the disease has become one of the most important causes of economic losses in the swine industry. despite e ... | 2016 | 27435337 |
| molecular cloning and functional characterization of porcine e74-like factor 4 (elf4). | e74-like factor 4 (elf4) is a novel transcription factor that initiates transcription of type i interferon (ifn) genes to control diverse pathogens. here, porcine elf4 (poelf4) was cloned and its role in type i ifn signaling was investigated in different porcine cell lines. full-length cdna of poelf4 encodes 663 amino acid residues and ectopic expression of poelf4 significantly induced ifn-β production. interestingly, difference from the human elf4 (huelf4), poelf4 mutants lacking the serine/thr ... | 2016 | 27426928 |
| attempts to enhance cross-protection against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses using chimeric viruses containing structural genes from two antigenically distinct strains. | due to significant antigenic variations between field isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), suboptimal cross-protection between different viruses impedes the effective control of prrs via vaccination. our previous study showed that chimeric viruses containing mixed structural genes from two distinct strains (vr2332 and ja142) of prrsv were highly susceptible to the viral neutralizing activity of antisera generated against both parental strains. in this study, t ... | 2016 | 27406935 |