| development of a novel subunit vaccine that protects cotton rats against both human respiratory syncytial virus and human parainfluenza virus type 3. | a cotton rat model of experimental human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) infection was used to examine the efficacy of frhnp, a novel chimeric glycoprotein which contains the extracellular regions of the fusion glycoprotein of rsv and the attachment glycoprotein of piv-3, as a single subunit vaccine against these two viruses. this work was prompted by previous cotton rat studies that demonstrated that the major protective antigens of the two viruses ... | 1993 | 8397289 |
| transgenic mice with antisense rna against the nucleocapsid protein mrna of mouse hepatitis virus. | in this study transgenic mice which expressed antisense rna against the nucleocapsid protein gene of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) under the control of rsv ltr were produced. these transgenic mice were able to transmit the foreign gene to their progeny in a mendelian fashion. antisense rna was detected in various tissues from the transgenic mice including liver and brain, the target organs of mhv infection. one strain of transgenic mice derived from founder mouse no. 19 was more resistant to the l ... | 1993 | 8399731 |
| a receptor for subgroup a rous sarcoma virus is related to the low density lipoprotein receptor. | cellular receptors are required for efficient entry of retroviruses into cells. we previously cloned a chicken gene responsible for susceptibility to the retrovirus subgroup a rous sarcoma virus (rsv(a)). here we have isolated the quail homolog and generated two alternatively spliced processed genes encoding cellular receptors for rsv(a). predicted products of the processed genes appear to be small membrane-associated proteins with identical 83 amino acid extracellular domains but different memb ... | 1993 | 8402880 |
| atypical extrapulmonary presentations of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection requiring intensive care. | the patterns and nature of a four-month epidemic of severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated disease were analyzed using presenting, demographic, clinical, and therapeutic data. of 218 infants with rsv infection admitted to rainbow babies and childrens hospital, 49 (22.4%), most born prematurely, entered the pediatric intensive care unit (picu). fluorescent antibody and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay documented rsv infection. picu patients underwent airway stabilization; 53.5% w ... | 1993 | 8403742 |
| comparison of rapid diagnostic techniques for respiratory syncytial and influenza a virus respiratory infections in young children. | we performed virus isolation tests for respiratory viruses on combined nasal wash-throat swab specimens collected from infants and children with acute respiratory illnesses presenting to a hospital clinic during a 3-month period of concurrent epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza a virus (flu a) infections. virus isolation results were used to assess the utility of commercially available rapid diagnostic kits for these two viruses. the kits employed direct immunofluorescen ... | 1993 | 8408545 |
| functional chimeras of the rous sarcoma virus and human immunodeficiency virus gag proteins. | the gag protein encoded by rous sarcoma virus (rsv) is the only viral product required for the process of budding whereby virus particles are formed at the plasma membrane. deletion analysis of this gag molecule has revealed several regions (assembly domains) that are important for budding. one of these domains is located at the amino terminus and is needed for membrane binding. another is located within the carboxy-terminal third of the protein. though there is little sequence homology among th ... | 1993 | 8411352 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections in hospitalized canadian children: regional differences in patient populations and management practices. the pediatric investigators collaborative network on infections in canada. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most frequent cause of hospitalization for respiratory tract infection during the first 2 years of life. the optimal approach to management remains controversial. during the 1991 to 1992 rsv season rsv-infected children admitted to eight canadian tertiary care pediatric centers were followed to: (1) assess the morbidity and mortality attributable to rsv infection among hospitalized patients with and without known risk factors for severe disease; and (2) a ... | 1993 | 8414779 |
| respiratory syncytial virus illnesses in human immunodeficiency virus- and noninfected children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract and febrile upper respiratory tract illnesses were prospectively assessed in cohorts of 83 infants born to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)- and of 48 infants born to non-hiv-infected mothers. of the infants born to hiv-infected mothers, 18 were themselves infected with hiv, 26 were indeterminant and 39 were free from hiv. ten rsv illnesses occurred in 8 hiv-infected, 2 illnesses in 2 indeterminant and 17 illnesses occurred in 17 non-hi ... | 1993 | 8414800 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory illnesses: possible influence of other agents. the group health medical associates. | acute lower respiratory illnesses were prospectively investigated in a cohort of 1246 healthy infants who were enrolled at birth in the tucson children's respiratory study and followed through the first 3 years of life. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was documented by culture, antigen detection or both in 276 episodes. in 21 (7.6%) of these 276, other viruses were simultaneously detected. further serologic studies of 50 episodes in which rsv had been found increased the apparent vir ... | 1993 | 8417418 |
| interleukin-8 expression in normal nasal epithelium and its modulation by infection with respiratory syncytial virus and cytokines tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6. | inflammation in nasal and airway tissue caused by allergens, microbial infection, and air pollution are likely to be regulated by inflammatory mediators produced by airway epithelial cells. we have therefore investigated the baseline expression of a number of cytokine genes known to be important inducers and modulators of inflammation, in freshly isolated human nasal epithelium. cells were obtained by superficial scraping of turbinate tissue, and cdna for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplific ... | 1993 | 8417753 |
| immunogenicity and safety of respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccine in seropositive children 18-36 months old. | twenty-six children (aged 18-36 months) previously hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection were randomized to receive 50 micrograms of an rsv subunit vaccine composed primarily of f glycoprotein or saline placebo by intramuscular injection. serum was obtained at entry and at 1 and 6 months after vaccination for detection of antibody to f glycoprotein and g glycoprotein of subtypes a (ga) or b (gb) and of neutralizing antibody (nab). at 1 month, by comparing the baseline valu ... | 1993 | 8418166 |
| respiratory syncytial virus outbreak activity--united states, 1992. | the national respiratory and enteric virus surveillance system (nrevss) was established in 1989 to monitor trends in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, and rotaviruses in the united states and to provide information to public health officials and health-care providers about the presence of these viruses in their communities. based on reports of rsv detections to the nrevss, during the 1992-93 season, outbreaks of rsv had occurred in all regions of the united ... | 1993 | 8418399 |
| current perspectives on respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of acute viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and children. management of rsv infection has changed dramatically over the past 5 to 7 years because of (1) the advent of widely available rapid tests for its specific identification and (2) use of the antiviral agent ribavirin (virazole). although rsv infection remains a life-threatening disease, particularly in certain high-risk groups, appropriate management and judicious use o ... | 1993 | 8418452 |
| t cell redistribution kinetics after secondary infection of balb/c mice with respiratory syncytial virus. | balb/c mice were infected intranasally with live respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and reinfected 4 weeks later. at regular intervals thereafter groups of animals were killed and t cell subsets were determined in blood, spleen and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) with flow cytometry employing t cell subset-specific moabs. total lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood decreased 1-3 days after infection, returning to preinfection levels on day 8 (p = 0.0111). simultaneously, a marked increase of lym ... | 1993 | 8419089 |
| the cytolytic activity of pulmonary cd8+ lymphocytes, induced by infection with a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the m2 protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), correlates with resistance to rsv infection in mice. | previous studies demonstrated that the pulmonary resistance to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) challenge induced by immunization with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the m2 protein of rsv (vac-m2) was significantly greater 9 days after immunization than at 28 days and was mediated predominantly by cd8+ t cells. in this study, we have extended these findings and sought to determine whether the level of cd8+ cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) activity measured in vitro correlates with the resi ... | 1993 | 8419638 |
| the relationship of rsv-specific immunoglobulin e antibody responses in infancy, recurrent wheezing, and pulmonary function at age 7-8 years. | in order to determine if respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific ige responses at the time of bronchiolitis in infancy are related to recurrent wheezing and pulmonary function at 7-8 years of age, a cohort of 43 infants was identified at the time of their initial rsv bronchiolitis episode. rsv-specific ige responses in nasopharyngeal secretions were determined, and patients were then followed prospectively with notation of the number of wheezing episodes and exposure to cigarette smoke at hom ... | 1993 | 8419894 |
| stability of respiratory syncytial virus antigen due to buffer treatment for direct detection in nasopharyngeal specimens with enzyme immunoassay. | we developed an enzyme immunoassay (direct eia; enzygnost rsv[ag]) for the direct detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen in nasopharyngeal specimens (nps). the test procedure is the same as our recently described direct eia for detection of influenza a and b virus antigens in nps. for practical purposes it is of advantage to differentiate respiratory viruses on the same microtitration plate in the same run. the test shows no limitations by sample consistency, and results are obta ... | 1993 | 8426273 |
| serum factors and v-src control two complementary mitogenic pathways in quail neuroretinal cells in culture. | quail neuroretinal cells (qnr cells) from 7-day-old embryos do not proliferate even in the presence of 8% fetal calf serum. after infection by the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) they proliferate actively and exhibit a transformed phenotype; this effect is mediated by the oncoprotein pp60v-src. secondary cultures infected by the thermosensitive strain tsny68 of rsv are blocked in g0 either by thermal inactivation of pp60v-src at 41.5 degrees c or by serum deprivation at the permissive temperature (36.5 ... | 1993 | 8437841 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus nucleocapsid protein expressed in insect cells specifically interacts with the phosphoprotein and the m2 protein. | the coding region of the gene for the nucleocapsid (n) protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus has been inserted into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) using transfer vector pvl 1393. infection of spodoptera frugiperda cells with recombinant virus resulted in the synthesis of high levels of n protein. this protein was indistinguishable from the authentic bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) n protein by sds-gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitat ... | 1993 | 8438581 |
| a human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) primate model of enhanced pulmonary pathology induced with a formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine but not a recombinant fg subunit vaccine. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants. rsv vaccine development has been stifled for the past 23 years because infants vaccinated with formalin-inactivated (fi) rsv have experienced exacerbated disease upon rsv infection. this exacerbated disease phenomenon is poorly understood, in part because of the lack of a primate model that exhibits a similar exacerbated disease state. vaccination of african green monkeys with either fi ... | 1993 | 8440926 |
| antigenic and nucleic acid analysis of nosocomial isolates of respiratory syncytial virus. | monoclonal antibodies and ribonuclease protection were used to analyze antigenic and genomic diversity among 42 isolates of group a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) from studies of nosocomial rsv carried out at the university of rochester during the 1974-1975 and 1975-1976 rsv seasons. three distinct subgroups or lineages and a total of 12 viral variants were present. against this background of diversity, an outbreak was recognized that included 13 indistinguishable isolates occurring during a ... | 1993 | 8440927 |
| aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children treated in hospital. | viral and bacterial antigen and antibody assays were prospectively applied to study the microbial aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in 195 hospitalised children during a surveillance period of 12 months. a viral infection alone was indicated in 37 (19%), a bacterial infection alone in 30 (15%) and a mixed viral-bacterial infection in 32 (16%) patients. thus, 46% of the 69 patients with viral infection and 52% of the 62 patients with bacterial infection had a mixed viral and bacterial aet ... | 1993 | 8444202 |
| risk factors for mechanical ventilation in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | in a prospective study, risk factors for mechanical ventilation were identified in 102 patients with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection admitted to the sophia children's hospital, rotterdam. age, weight on admission and prematurity were associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. using multivariate analysis, only low weight was an independent risk factor for mechanical ventilation. for infants weighing less than 5 kg the relative risk for mechanical ventilation was 4.4 (95% con ... | 1993 | 8444219 |
| expression of the g glycoprotein gene of human respiratory syncytial virus in salmonella typhimurium. | the attachment protein, g, of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an m(r) 84k to 90k species which has a high content of n-linked and o-linked carbohydrates. the unglycosylated form of this protein was expressed by inserting a full-length cdna copy of the mrna from the a2 strain of rsv into a prokaryotic expression vector under the control of the lambda pl promoter. salmonella typhimurium cells transformed with the g-containing plasmid synthesized a protein of m(r) 40,000 that specificall ... | 1993 | 8445368 |
| more on rsv and ribavirin. | the description of teratogenic potential in rodents, rabbits, and hamsters from environmental exposure to ribavirin has raised concerns among caregivers. elimination of ribavirin use to avoid caregiver exposure is neither scientifically nor ethically justified because of its proven efficacy in the treatment of the potentially life-threatening disease of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in infants and young children. | 1993 | 8446486 |
| ribavirin effect on pulmonary function in young infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | to assess the effect of ribavirin on pulmonary function in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis, we performed a randomized (nonmatched), double blinded, placebo-controlled study of 19 infants with rsv bronchiolitis. infants with underlying respiratory, cardiac or immunologic disease were excluded. patients were given ribavirin (10) or placebo (9) via an aerosol generator for 18 hours/day for 3 days. pulmonary function (dynamic compliance, total lung resistance) was calculated u ... | 1993 | 8451098 |
| characterization of the in vitro system for the synthesis of mrna from human respiratory syncytial virus. | an in vitro transcription system for human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is described. purified viral nucleocapsid (rnp) isolated from virus-infected cells was shown to support transcription of all 10 genes encoded by the virus as determined by northern blot hybridization. the mrnas synthesized were polyadenylated and comigrated with the corresponding mrnas synthesized in virus-infected cells when analyzed in agarose-urea gel electrophoresis. the in vitro-synthesized mrnas are functional as ... | 1993 | 8460489 |
| gene delivery to spinal motor neurons. | this study demonstrates the direct delivery of plasmid gene constructs into spinal motor neurons utilizing retrograde axoplasmic transport. the plasmid vectors contained the lac z gene under the control of both the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) and simian virus (sv)40 promoters. beta-galactosidase expression was observed in alpha and gamma motor neurons by histochemical staining following direct injection into the sciatic nerve or gastrocnemius muscle. the presence of lacz gene constructs was confirm ... | 1993 | 8461993 |
| evaluation of abbott testpack rsv for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infections. | abbott testpack rsv, a 20-minute enzyme immunoassay, is available for the rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. we have compared testpack with a "gold standard" method of virus isolation in traditional tube cultures and shell vials to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this rapid method. respiratory specimens were collected prospectively from 402 children and assayed by the rapid antigen detection method and isolation in culture. virus was isolated by inocula ... | 1993 | 8467621 |
| nucleotide sequence and possible ambisense coding strategy of rice stripe virus rna segment 2. | the complete nucleotide sequence (3514 nucleotides) of rna segment 2 of rice stripe virus (rsv), the prototype member of tenuivirus group, was determined. in the virus-sense rna an open reading frame (orf) is present which encodes a 199 amino acid protein of m(r) 22,762. another long orf encoding an 834 amino acid protein with m(r) 94,047 (94k) exists in the virus-complementary rna. between these two orfs, there is a long non-coding intergenic region of 299 nucleotides. the sequence suggests tha ... | 1993 | 8468559 |
| ozone effect on respiratory syncytial virus infectivity and cytokine production by human alveolar macrophages. | this study was performed to evaluate the effect of ozone (o3) exposure at 1 ppm for 2 hr on the susceptibility/resistance of adult human alveolar macrophages (am) to infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in vitro and on rsv-induced cytokine production by the am. am were first exposed to o3 or to filtered air and then infected with rsv at multiplicities of infection (m.o.i.) of 0.1, 1.0, and 10. the percentage rsv-infected am and the amount of infectious virus released by the cells wer ... | 1993 | 8472647 |
| effect of respiratory syncytial virus infection on binding of neisseria meningitidis and haemophilus influenzae type b to a human epithelial cell line (hep-2). | it has been suggested that individuals might be more readily colonized with bacteria that cause meningitis through enhanced binding of the bacteria to virus-infected epithelial cells. as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) affects infants and children in the age group also susceptible to bacterial meningitis, we tested the hypothesis that infection of hep-2 cells by rsv might enhance binding of neisseria meningitidis or haemophilus influenzae type b (hib). attachment of fluorescein-labelled bacter ... | 1993 | 8472778 |
| the rhino-probe nasal curette for detecting respiratory syncytial virus in children. | during two outbreaks of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, 68 children with acute respiratory illnesses were cultured for rsv using a rhino-probe (rp) nasal curette and either a nasopharyngeal (np) swab or a nasal wash (nw). in the first outbreak isolations of rsv by the rp nasal curette and np swab methods were compared. rsv was cultured from 25 of 42 (60%) subjects using the rp nasal curette and from 20 of 42 (48%) subjects using the np swab. in the second outbreak the rp nasal curet ... | 1993 | 8483627 |
| cytologic diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a bronchoalveolar lavage specimen from a bone marrow transplant recipient. | cytologic examination of a bronchoalveolar lavage specimen from a 6-year-old bone marrow transplant recipient revealed pulmonary infiltrates and occasional cells containing discrete pink cytoplasmic inclusions on a may-grunwald-giemsa stain. direct immunofluorescence stains of cytospins prepared from the same specimen were positive for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). electron microscopy revealed occasional epithelial cells with cytoplasmic inclusions composed of filamentous virions. the patie ... | 1993 | 8493953 |
| direct gene transfer into skeletal muscle in vivo: factors affecting efficiency of transfer and stability of expression. | striated muscle is the only tissue found to be capable of taking up and expressing reporter genes that are transferred in the form of plasmid dna. thus, direct gene transfer is a potential method of gene therapy for the primary inherited myopathies. however, results to date have had insufficient and too variable expression to consider using direct gene transfer in human trials. we have determined that much of the variability of expression is due to nonuniform distribution of substances injected ... | 1993 | 8494924 |
| performance of the kallestad pathfinder enzyme immunoassay in the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infections. | the kallestad pathfinder enzyme immunoassay (eia) for the rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen was compared with virus culture and direct fluorescent antibody (dfa) to determine the reliability of the eia. during two consecutive winter respiratory seasons, 270 nasopharyngeal wash specimens were tested. rsv was detected in culture by the presence of cytopathic effect and/or an indirect immunofluorescence assay. the sensitivity of the pathfinder eia in comparison with isola ... | 1993 | 8495589 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-specific immunoglobulins in preterm infants. | incomplete transfer of maternal antibodies specific to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been suggested as an explanation for the increased risk of rsv infections in preterm infants. antibodies directed against the two major rsv envelope glycoproteins, f and g, are protective in vitro and in vivo. our study was conducted to measure igg, igg1, igg2, and igg3 antibody titers against the rsv f and g glycoproteins in cord sera from infants born at different gestational ages. titers of neutralizi ... | 1993 | 8496762 |
| identifying bovine respiratory syncytial virus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide hybridizations. | an assay to identify tissue culture cells infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) that utilizes reverse transcription (rt), the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and a synthetic oligonucleotide hybridization probe has been developed. the rt-pcr assay uses a brsv-specific negative-sense oligonucleotide primer to synthesize cdna from a brsv fusion protein mrna template and another brsv-specific oligonucleotide primer (positive sense) upstream from the negative-sense primer for pcr a ... | 1993 | 8501223 |
| comparison of the vidas rsv assay and the abbott testpack rsv with direct immunofluorescence for detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirates. | the sensitivity and accuracy of the vidas rsv assay in testing fresh specimens were 82.7 and 87.1%, respectively, whereas specimens previously frozen at -70 degrees c gave a sensitivity of 96.2% and an accuracy of 95.4%. the sensitivity and accuracy of abbott testpack rsv were 92.6 and 91.3% for fresh specimens and 86.8 and 88.1% for frozen specimens. the advantages and drawbacks of the two assays are discussed. | 1993 | 8501239 |
| enzyme immunoassay for respiratory syncytial virus: rapid detection in nasopharyngeal secretions and evaluation of isolates representing different rsv subgroups. | the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was investigated by immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) technique and by an enzyme immunoassay (eia) in 169 samples of nasopharyngeal secretions of infants and children with acute respiratory infections. of 31 samples positive by eia, 25 were positive by ifa. in 24 samples from a retrospective study, rsv positive by ifa and/or tissue culture isolation (tci), 22 were also positive by eia. the eia was also evaluated with 111 rsv isolates in hep2 cell ... | 1993 | 8505698 |
| mode of inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus by a plant flavonoid, sp-303. | a natural-product polyphenolic polymer of molecular weight 2,100 daltons designated sp-303, was found to have antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in the 2-10 microm range in plaque reduction assays and cytopathic-effect-inhibition assays. the material was also virucidal. the 50% effective concentration (ec50) for virucidal activity was 28 microm. experiments were done to determine the mode(s) of rsv inhibition by sp-303. interferon was not induced. sp-303 did not inhibit ... | 1993 | 8508691 |
| ambisense coding strategy of the rice stripe virus genome: in vitro translation studies. | rice stripe virus (rsv), the type species of the tenuivirus group, contains four rna segments as its genome. sequence analyses of the three smaller segments indicated that all of them have ambisense coding strategies. to examine the ambisense nature of the genomic rnas, we synthesized in vitro the rnas carrying the putative open reading frames (orfs) by transcribing cdna clones for rna segments 2, 3 and 4 in both directions using t7 rna polymerase and translated each rna in vitro using two syste ... | 1993 | 8509762 |
| viral pathogens of acute lower respiratory infections in pre-school nigerian children and clinical implications of multiple microbial identifications. | in a prospective study of acute lower respiratory infections (alri), at the university college hospital, uch, ibadan, 35 viral pathogens were identified by immunofluorescence (if) techniques from 24 (68.6%) respiratory specimens from 35 hospitalised pre-school children. the respiratory diagnoses comprised croup, bronchiolitis, pneumonia and pleural effusion. the viral identifications comprised 14 (40.0%) of parainfluenza virus type 3, 10 (28.6%) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), 5 (14.3%) of ... | 1993 | 8512876 |
| factors enhancing adherence of toxigenic staphylococcus aureus to epithelial cells and their possible role in sudden infant death syndrome. | toxigenic strains of staphylococcus aureus have been suggested to play a role in sudden infant death syndrome (sids). in this study we examined two factors that might enhance binding of toxigenic staphylococci to epithelial cells of infants in the age range in which cot deaths are prevalent: expression of the lewis(a) antigen and infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). by flow cytometry we demonstrated that binding of three toxigenic strains of s. aureus to cells from nonsecretors was ... | 1993 | 8519316 |
| identification of efiv, a stable factor present in many avian cell types that transactivates sequences in the 5' portion of the rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat enhancer. | we define a protein complex present in avian nuclear extracts that interacts with the schmidt-ruppin strain of the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) long terminal repeat (ltr) between positions -197 and -168 relative to the transcriptional start site. we call this complex efiv and demonstrate that the efiv protein(s) is present in several avian cell types examined, including b cells (s13 and dt40), t cells (msb), and chicken embryo fibroblasts. we also report that the efiv binding site activates transcri ... | 1996 | 8523553 |
| isolation of virus-neutralizing rnas from a large pool of random sequences. | rna and ribonuclease-resistant rna analogs that bound and neutralized rous sarcoma virus (rsv) were isolated from a large pool of random sequences by multiple cycles of in vitro selection using infectious viral particles. the selected rna pool of rsv-binding sequences at a concentration of 0.16 microm completely neutralized the virus. of 19 sequences cloned from the selected pool, 5 inhibited rsv infection. the selected rna and rna analogs were shown to neutralize rsv by interacting with the vir ... | 1995 | 8524793 |
| production of infectious human respiratory syncytial virus from cloned cdna confirms an essential role for the transcription elongation factor from the 5' proximal open reading frame of the m2 mrna in gene expression and provides a capability for vaccine development. | infectious human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was produced by the intracellular coexpression of five plasmid-borne cdnas. one cdna encoded a complete positive-sense version of the rsv genome (corresponding to the replicative intermediate rna or antigenome), and each of the other four encoded a separate rsv protein, namely, the major nucleocapsid n protein, the nucleocapsid p phosphoprotein, the major polymerase l protein, or the protein from the 5' proximal open reading frame of the m2 mrna ... | 1995 | 8524804 |
| a plasmid-based self-amplifying sindbis virus vector. | sindbis virus was used as a self-amplifying eukaryotic expression vector. a recombinant cdna genome of this (+)-strand rna virus was placed under the transcriptional control of a rous sarcoma virus ltr (rsv) promoter. transfection of this plasmid construct into mammalian cell lines (3t3, hepg2, and 293 cells) resulted in expression of the luciferase reporter gene. high-expression levels were also measured after transfection into primary rat myoblasts. in differentiated myotubes, expression level ... | 1995 | 8527474 |
| combination therapy with aerosolized ribavirin and intravenous immunoglobulin for respiratory syncytial virus disease in adult bone marrow transplant recipients. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in adult bmt recipients are frequently complicated by fatal pneumonias. therapy of rsv pneumonia with aerosolized ribavirin alone has been reported to be associated with a 70% mortality rate. because immune globulin therapy has been reported to be beneficial, we conducted a prospective trial of combination therapy with aerosolized ribavirin and intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig). aerosolized ribavirin was administered at 20 mg/ml for 18 h a day and ivi ... | 1995 | 8535312 |
| inhibitory effect of pyridobenzazoles on virus replication in vitro. | twelve species of pyridobenzazoles and pyrimidobenzimidazole were examined as inhibitors of the replication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in hela cells. from the pyridobenzazoles studied, 2-benzamido-4-cyano-1-oxo-1h,5h-pyrido[1,2-alpha]benzimidazol emerged as a potent inhibitor of the rsv. based on its inhibitory effect on the cytopathogenicity of the rsv in hela cells, the 50% effective dose was found to be 0.95 micrograms/ml. the cytotoxicity of this compound for hela cells was examine ... | 1995 | 8535400 |
| evaluation of four methods for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in older adults. | to evaluate four methods of rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in older adults and to compare sensitivities with serologic analysis. | 1996 | 8537595 |
| vitamin a and respiratory syncytial virus infection. serum levels and supplementation trial. | to determine the benefit of oral vitamin a supplementation for acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | 1996 | 8542002 |
| adenovirus-mediated transfer of a human dystrophin gene to skeletal muscle of mdx mouse. | due to their quiescent nature and spatial complexity, many target tissues for gene therapy will require novel strategies. an alternative to ex vivo gene transfer, providing many technical advantages and possibly allowing sufficient transfer of the therapeutic gene, is direct in vivo delivery of the vehicle. for a favorable outcome, this procedure is dependent on a high-titer vector, fully competent before post-mitotic cells. in view of the restrictions with the use of retroviruses, we investigat ... | 1994 | 8542399 |
| reassessment of the indications for ribavirin therapy in respiratory syncytial virus infections. american academy of pediatrics committee on infectious diseases. | the purpose of this statement is to inform practitioners about new information concerning lack of demonstrated clinical effectiveness of ribavirin in the treatment of infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease. the intent of the new recommendation is to allow practitioners to decide whether ribavirin therapy is appropriate or not by taking into account the particular clinical situation and their own preferences. more definitive answers to the questions of ribavirin efficacy and effec ... | 1996 | 8545210 |
| evidence for a second function of the ma sequence in the rous sarcoma virus gag protein. | during retrovirus assembly, gag proteins bind to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to initiate the budding process. the molecular basis of this protein-lipid interaction is poorly understood. for the human, immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag protein, we recently reported that the membrane-binding domain resides within the n-terminal 31 amino acids and consists of two components: myristate and a cluster of basic residues, which together promote membrane binding in vitro and budding in vivo ... | 1996 | 8551559 |
| respiratory syncytial virus group-specific antibody response in nasopharyngeal secretions from infants and children after primary infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) group-specific immunoglobulin a (iga) and igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody and neutralizing antibody responses were determined for nasopharyngeal secretions (nps) from 27 infants and children (6 to 18 months of age) undergoing primary infection with rsv group a or b strain. iga and igg antibody responses against rsv envelope glycoproteins (fusion [f] and large [g] glycoprotein) in nps were also analyzed. most subjects examined developed moderate le ... | 1994 | 8556486 |
| antibody-dependent enhancement of respiratory syncytial virus infection by sera from young infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) convalescent-phase sera and control sera from both infants ( < 6 months) and older individuals (1.5 to 90 years) were assayed for rsv-specific antibodies by neutralization, in vitro enhancing activity, and immunoprecipitation. enhancement of rsv infection in u937 cells was demonstrated with convalescent-phase sera and was shown to be dependent on fc receptors by blocking with human immunoglobulin g (p < 0.01). convalescent-phase sera from infants enhanced infect ... | 1994 | 8556519 |
| isolation and characterization of a chimpanzee monoclonal antibody to the g glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of serious lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. in this study a hybridoma line secreting a chimpanzee monoclonal antibody that neutralizes rsv was isolated. two chimpanzees were immunized with recombinant vaccinia viruses that express the rsv f or g surface glycoprotein and 1 month later were infected intranasally with the wild-type rsv strain a2. peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from the animals were trans ... | 1994 | 8556524 |
| unilateral nasal infection of cotton rats with respiratory syncytial virus allows assessment of local and systemic immunity. | an in vivo model for the study of local and systemic effectors of immunity to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is described. cotton rats (sigmodon fulviventer) inoculated in one nostril with a small volume (2 microliters) of virus suspension contracted a unilateral nasal infection which did not extend to the contralateral nasal turbinates, nor to the lungs. immunity to subsequent rsv challenge could be induced by small priming doses ( < 10 p.f.u. per animal), but was dependent upon viral replic ... | 1996 | 8558116 |
| evaluation of the protective efficacy of reshaped human monoclonal antibody rshz19 against respiratory syncytial virus in cotton rats. | reshaped human mab rshz19, which is specific for the surface fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is in clinical development for the prevention and treatment of rsv-induced disease in human infants. the current studies profile lung virus clearance and evaluate lung histopathology in mab-treated, rsv-infected cotton rats, a well characterized model of rsv infection. the highest dose of this mab (10 mg/kg) administered parenterally 24 h before infection decreased subgroup a or b rsv ... | 1995 | 8559607 |
| respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in hospitalized adult patients with leukemia. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been demonstrated to be an important cause of life-threatening pneumonia in adult bone marrow transplant recipients; however, its role in other immunocompromised adults has not been defined. we prospectively studied all adult patients with leukemia who were hospitalized at m. d. anderson cancer center (houston) during a 1-year period (november 1993 through october 1994). during a 19-week period when rsv was prevalent in the community, it was isolated from 9 ... | 1995 | 8562747 |
| lobar emphysema associated with respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia. | the etiology of infantile lobar emphysema is frequently unknown; however, partial airway obstruction is most often implicated. although infection and lobar emphysema have been linked previously, their cause-and-effect relationship is unclear. we present the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic findings in a 9-day-old infant with acute bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and a clinical and radiographic appearance suggestive of lobar emphysema. pathologically, there was diffus ... | 1995 | 8570321 |
| respiratory syncytial virus increases il-8 gene expression and protein release in a549 cells. | the mechanism of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced inflammation in the airways of infants and children is not fully understood. we hypothesized that rsv directly induces interleukin (il)-8 gene expression in airway epithelial cells, independent of il-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) production. exposure of a549 cells (an airway epithelial cell line) to rsv resulted in increased il-8 mrna expression and il-8 protein release from the cells as early as 2 h after treatment. ... | 1995 | 8572249 |
| suppression of activation of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat by cd8+ t cells is not lentivirus specific. | cd8+ t lymphocytes of hiv-1-infected individuals can efficiently suppress hiv-1 replication in cd4+ t lymphocytes. to elucidate the molecular events underlying this suppression, we have used the hiv-1 ltr directing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat) in transient transfection assays using human jurkat t cells. in addition to supernatants of patient cd8+ t lymphocytes (cd4+ > 350/microliters), supernatant of a t cell clone derived by herpesvirus saimiri (hvs)-mediated transformation ... | 1995 | 8573388 |
| effects of some inhibitors on myogenic differentiation of avian myoblasts transformed with rous sarcoma virus. | the differentiation of quail myoblasts transformed with a temperature-sensitive mutant of rous sarcoma virus (qm-rsv cells) depends on culture temperature. at 35.5 degrees c, the permissive temperature for rsv, qm-rsv cells repeatedly proliferate without differentiation. however, myogenic differentiation proceeds at 41 degrees c, the nonpermissive temperature for rsv. to obtain useful inhibitors for the analysis of myogenic differentiation in qm-rsv cells, various drugs of myoblast fusion report ... | 1995 | 8581993 |
| the clinical picture presented by premature neonates infected with the respiratory syncytial virus. | during the course of a 3-year epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in an neonatal intensive care unit, we examined premature neonates for the clinical features of rsv infections and the risk factors predisposing towards transmission of the disease. seventy-nine infants with a median gestational age of 31 weeks were tested in 113 episodes of clinical deterioration for the presence of rsv antigen in nasopharyngeal secretions. forty-seven results were positive and 66 negative. bradycardia, ... | 1995 | 8582403 |
| suspension culture of hela cells in protein-free medium: sensitivity to human pathogenic viruses. | human adherent hela-pf cells grown for 5 years in a protein-free 1:1 nutrient mixture of dulbecco's modified mem and ham's f12 (dmem-f12) were established in suspension culture. the cells grew in protein-free dmem-f12 (using magnetically stirred flasks) as a monodisperse suspension with a population doubling time of 28 h. the cells were infected with poliovirus types 2 and 3, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), echovirus 6 and adenoviruses 3 a ... | 1994 | 8586536 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus by reverse transcription-pcr and hybridization with a dna enzyme immunoassay. | nasal aspirates from 238 infants hospitalized with acute respiratory infections during the winter of 1994 and 1995 were tested for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and the viral isolation technique (vit) and by two pcr and hybridization methods: reverse transcription pcr 1 (rt-pcr1), which amplifies the rnas of all rsv strains, and rt-pcr-2, which allows subgroup classification of rsv. rt-pcr-1 and rt-pcr-2 detected viral sequences in 56.7% (135 of 238) and 48. ... | 1995 | 8586738 |
| early-onset respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. | a 41-year-old woman with follicular lymphoma developed sporadic respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonia shortly after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from an hla-matched sibling. rsv pneumonia is potentially fatal in immunosuppressed patients, but she improved along with the recovery of bone marrow function without specific treatment. early recovery of myelosuppression supported by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor may have helped to control rsv pneumonia. | 1995 | 8589364 |
| activation of homologous complement via the alternative complement pathway by quail cells transformed by rous sarcoma virus. | after incubation of the cells with fresh quail serum, deposition of the third component of complement (c3) was demonstrated on the cell surface of various quail cell lines transformed by rous sarcoma virus (rsv) as well as on that of primary quail embryo (qe) cells transformed by rsv. the c3 deposition occurred irrespective of virus production. on the other hand, the c-3 deposition was not observed on two quail cell lines transformed by a chemical carcinogen, qe cells infected with avian leukosi ... | 1995 | 8593301 |
| rsv infection complicating the therapy of pediatric malignancies: report of six cases. | we describe a series of six patients with symptomatic respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections while receiving anticancer chemotherapy. particularly during epidemics in the general population, rsv remains a potential cause for morbidity and even mortality among children immunocompromised through the administration of anticancer chemotherapy and especially those being transplanted. we emphasize the importance of rapid diagnostics as well as prevention of the spread of the virus in a pediatric ... | 1996 | 8600339 |
| respiratory infection and iatrogenic diarrhea in honduras and el salvador during the 1991-1992 season. | the etiology of acute respiratory tract infection and its association with diarrhea was analyzed in 135 hospitalized children less than three years of age with mainly respiratory symptoms in two pediatric hospitals in honduras and el salvador. etiologic diagnoses were performed on nasopharyngeal samples by tissue culture and immunofluorescence, including a search for the presence of respiratory virus-specific immunoglobulin a antibodies. fecal samples were subjected to electron microscopy and ti ... | 1996 | 8600762 |
| non-viral sequences at the 5' termini of mrnas derived from virus-sense and virus-complementary sequences of the ambisense rna segments of rice stripe tenuivirus. | the three small segments of the four rnas of the rice stripe tenuivirus (rsv) genome have an ambisense coding strategy. the mrna transcripts corresponding to open reading frames for the non-structural protein (ns4) and nucleocapsid protein (n), which are encoded on virus-sense (v) rna 4 and virus-complementary sense (vc) rna 3, respectively, were recovered from polysomes of rsv-infected wheat leaves, and their 5' termini were analysed. the mrnas derived from both v and vc sequences contained fro ... | 1996 | 8601793 |
| effect of orthovanadate on commitment of avian myoblasts transformed with rous sarcoma virus to myogenic differentiation. | myogenic differentiation of quail myoblasts transformed with a temperature-sensitive mutant of rous sarcoma virus (qm-rsv cells) depends on the temperature: at 35.5 degrees c, the permissive temperature for the virus, the transformed myoblasts proliferate, without fusion, but at 41 degrees c, the nonpermissive temperature, they become committed to myogenic differentiation until about 10 h and then myoblast fusion occurs within 24 h. this temperature dependency of the differentiation reaction is ... | 1995 | 8603684 |
| live subgroup b respiratory syncytial virus vaccines that are attenuated, genetically stable, and immunogenic in rodents and nonhuman primates. | optimal immunization of neonates against disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) probably will require multiple doses of a vaccine containing viruses of both subgroups a and b. live subgroup b rsv mutants were generated containing multiple attenuating mutations, ts (temperature-sensitive) and non-ts (host range), that were introduced by prolonged passage in cell culture or by chemical mutagenesis. the cold-passaged (cp)-52 mutant was restricted in replication compared to wild type vi ... | 1996 | 8603960 |
| respiratory syncytial virus g-protein modulates cytokine release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children and adults. in vivo the host has to cope with intact replicative virus, with non-replicative virus, and/or with viral structural proteins including the outer membrane g-protein. we analyzed the role of purified rsv g-protein with regard to its modulatory efficacy for interleukin (il) -10, il-12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pb ... | 1996 | 8604019 |
| two novel variants of the v-src oncogene isolated from low and high metastatic rsv-transformed hamster cells. | four different transformed cell lines were isolated as a result of independent infection of primary hamster fibroblasts by rous sarcoma virus (rsv sr-d stocks). these lines differ by the level of their spontaneous metastatic activity: het-sr-1, het-sr-8, and het-sr-10 cell lines induced 70-200 metastatic nodules in the lung and/or lymph nodes of inoculated animals (high metastatic lines, hm). metastatic activity was not identified after injection of het-sr cells (low metastatic line, lm). all ce ... | 1996 | 8607264 |
| identification of a cellular protein that specifically interacts with the essential cysteine region of the hiv-1 tat transactivator. | the tat protein of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is a powerful activator of hiv gene expression. genetic and biochemical evidence suggests that one or more cellular cofactors may be important for tat activity. we have used two-hybrid interactive cloning in yeast to identify a partial cdna clone (clone 10) from a human b-lymphoblastoid library that specifically interacts with the n-terminal 31 amino acids of hiv-1 tat which contains the essential cysteine-rich portion of the tat activati ... | 1996 | 8607265 |
| interleukin-11: stimulation in vivo and in vitro by respiratory viruses and induction of airways hyperresponsiveness. | to address the role of il-11 in viral airways dysfunction, we determined whether infectious agents that exacerbate asthma stimulate stromal cell il-11 production, determined whether il-11 could be detected at sites of viral infection and evaluated the effects of il-11 on airway physiology. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3), and rhinovirus (rv) 14 were potent stimulators while cytomegalovirus and adenovirus only weakly stimulated and herpes simplex virus type 2 ... | 1996 | 8613544 |
| protective role of tnf-alpha in respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro and in vivo. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes substantial morbidity in young children and immunocompromised adults, yet its pathogenesis is poorly understood. because the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) may be important in host response to viral infection, hep-2 cells were treated with tnf-alpha and mice were given tnf-alpha antibody before rsv infection. pretreatment of hep-2 cells with tnf-alpha inhibited rsv replication as determined by cytopathic effect. ... | 1996 | 8615393 |
| a new drosophila ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (caki) is localized in the central nervous system and implicated in walking speed. | calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (cam kinases) have been reported to be involved in neuroplasticity. we have cloned a new drosophila cam kinase gene named caki. we describe the molecular characterization of caki and a behavioral effect of its elimination. the caki gene is extremely large; comparison of the genomic and cdna sequences reveals that the caki transcription unit is at least 150 kb. the catalytic domain of this new cam kinase protein shares homology (41%) with type ii cam k ... | 1996 | 8617233 |
| impact of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus on mortality in england and wales from january 1975 to december 1990. | the effects of influenza a and b and rsv on mortality in england and wales were assessed by regression analysis for the period 1975-90. morbidity data from sentinel practices were used to calculate 4-weekly rates of aggregated upper respiratory tract infections (urti); phls laboratory reports were used as indices of infection, and 4-weekly death rates from all causes, excluding childbirths, were used to study relationships with mortality. deaths correlated strongly with influenza a and b reports ... | 1996 | 8626004 |
| in vivo gene therapy of ovarian cancer by adenovirus-mediated thymidine kinase gene transduction and ganciclovir administration. | efficacy and toxicity of adenovirus-mediated transfer of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene followed by administration of ganciclovir were studied in vivo. a human epithelial ovarian cancer animal model was established in nude mice using the serous ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line ov-ca-2774. intraperitoneal (ip) injection of 1 x 10(8) ov-ca-2774 cells resulted in tumor growth and formation of malignant ascites in all 15 animals. in a prospective randomized experimental design mice w ... | 1996 | 8626129 |
| inducible translational regulation of the nf-il6 transcription factor by respiratory syncytial virus infection in pulmonary epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the most common etiologic agent of epidemic pediatric respiratory disease, infects and replicates in the human airway epithelium, resulting in the induction of cellular gene products essential for immune and inflammatory responses. we describe the effect of rsv infection on nuclear factor-il6 (nf-il6) expression, a human basic domain-leucine zipper-containing transcription factor that alone in combination with other inducible transcription factors regulates the ... | 1996 | 8627674 |
| transport and processing of the rous sarcoma virus gag protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. | the gag proteins of replication-competent retroviruses direct budding at the plasma membrane and are cleaved by the viral protease (pr) just before or very soon after particle release. in contrast, defective retroviruses that bud into the endoplasmic reticulum (er) have been found, and morphologically these appear to contain uncleaved gag proteins. from this, it has been proposed that activation of pr may depend upon a host factor found only at the plasma membrane. however, if gag proteins were ... | 1996 | 8627676 |
| respiratory synctial virus infection in balb/c mice previously immunized with formalin-inactivated virus induces enhanced pulmonary inflammatory response with a predominant th2-like cytokine pattern. | vaccination with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (fi-rsv) caused excessive disease in infants upon subsequent natural infection with rsv. recent studies with balb/c mice have suggested that t cells are important contributors to lung immunopathology during rsv infection. in this study, we investigated vaccine-induced enhanced disease by immunizing balb/c mice with live rsv intranasally or with fi-rsv intramuscularly. the mice were challenged with rsv 6 weeks later, and the pulmon ... | 1996 | 8627759 |
| regulation of avian leukosis virus long terminal repeat-enhanced transcription by c/ebp-rel interactions. | the avian leukosis and sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (ltr) enhancers feature directly repeated ccaat/enhancer element sequences which are also found in many viral and cellular gene enhancers. while most members of the ccaat/enhancer element-binding protein (c/ebp) transcription factor family exhibit tissue-restricted expression, there may be ubiquitously expressed c/ebp-like factors that regulate widespread ccaat/enhancer element-driven transcription. an avian c/ebp-related factor designate ... | 1996 | 8627783 |
| programming the rous sarcoma virus protease to cleave new substrate sequences. | the rous sarcoma virus protease displays a high degree of specificity and catalyzes the cleavage of only a limited number of amino acid sequences. this specificity is governed by interactions between side chains of eight substrate amino acids and eight corresponding subsite pockets within the homodimeric enzyme. we have examined these complex interactions in order to learn how to introduce changes into the retroviral protease (pr) that direct it to cleave substrates. mutant enzymes with altered ... | 1996 | 8631853 |
| the membrane-binding domain of the rous sarcoma virus gag protein. | the gag protein of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) can direct particle assembly and budding at the plasma membrane independently of the other virus-encoded products. a previous deletion analysis has suggested that the first 86 amino acids of rsv gag constitute a large membrane-binding domain that is absolutely required for these processes. to test this hypothesis, we inserted these residues in place of the n-terminal membrane-binding domain of the pp60v-src, a transforming protein whose biological acti ... | 1996 | 8642704 |
| a truncated mutant (residues 58-140) of the hepatitis b virus x protein retains transactivation function. | the hepatitis b virus x protein (hbx) sequence (154 aa) has been divided into six regions (a-f) based on its sequence homology with x proteins of other mammalian hepadnaviruses. regions a, c, and e are more conserved and include all the four conserved cysteines (c7, c61, c69, and c137). to localize the regions of hbx important for transactivation, a panel of 10 deletion mutants (x5-x14) and 4 single point mutants (x1-x4), each corresponding to a conserved cysteine residue, was constructed by sit ... | 1996 | 8643631 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen in the lungs of guinea pigs 6 weeks after experimental infection and despite of the production of neutralizing antibodies. | infections with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are characterized by frequently occurring reinfections and are regarded to be responsible for bronchial hyperreactivity. in this report we describe a small-animal model suited to study rsv-induced pathogenesis and immune response. guinea pigs are infected by inhalation of an rsv-aerosol. lungs of infected animals show signs of a bronchiolitis at 7 days after the initial infection. although neutralizing serum antibodies are synthesized viral prote ... | 1996 | 8645083 |
| mechanisms of unusually high antioxidant activity of rsv-sr-transformed cells and of its suppression by activated p21ras. | we have previously demonstrated that hamster embryo fibroblasts (hefs) transformed by rous sarcoma virus, schmidt-ruppin strain (rsv-sr) are highly resistant to damage by h202 (h2o2r), (in contrast to hefs transformed spontaneously, or by bovine adenovirus and sv40), while n-ras transfection of rsv-sr transformants leads to suppression of pp6ov-scr and of h2o2r. in this study we have examined (1) mechanisms of antioxidant activity (aoa) of hefs transformed by these agents and (2) the possible ro ... | 1996 | 8647644 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection enhances neutrophil and eosinophil adhesion to cultured respiratory epithelial cells. roles of cd18 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in children precipitate acute episodes of respiratory obstruction that are associated with influx of inflammatory cells into the airway. since rsv can induce the expression of adhesion molecules, particularly intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1), by the respiratory epithelium, the hypothesis has been proposed that icam-1 expression contributes to airway inflammation by supporting adhesion and retention of infiltrating inflammatory leukocytes. to ... | 1996 | 8648124 |
| concerted integration of linear retroviral dna by the avian sarcoma virus integrase in vitro: dependence on both long terminal repeat termini. | we have reconstituted integration reactions in vitro with specially designed donor dnas, a supercoiled plasmid acceptor, purified bacterium-derived rous sarcoma virus integrase (in), and a host cell dna-bending protein, hmg1. the duplex donor dnas are approximately 300 deoxynucleotides in length and contain only 15 bp of the rsv u3 and u5 termini at the respective ends. the donor has blunt u3 and u5 termini which end with the sequence 5'catt. joining of the donor dna to the acceptor dna is detec ... | 1996 | 8648691 |
| avian retroviral rna element promotes unspliced rna accumulation in the cytoplasm. | all retroviruses need mechanisms for nucleocytoplasmic export of their unspliced rna and for maintenance of this rna in the cytoplasm, where it is either translated to produce gag and pol proteins or packaged into viral particles. the complex retroviruses encode rev or rex regulatory proteins, which interact with cis-acting viral sequences to promote cytoplasmic expression of incompletely spliced viral rnas. since the simple retroviruses do not encode regulatory proteins, we proposed that they m ... | 1996 | 8648719 |
| management of severe bronchiolitis: indications for ventilator support. | bronchiolitis is a common respiratory illness in children. we reviewed our experience of children under one year presenting to an intensive care unit with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis in order to determine if ethnicity, prematurity, arterial carbon dioxide tension or nasopharyngeal aspirates positive for respiratory syncytial virus were related to the need for ventilator assistance. | 1996 | 8649668 |
| [quick diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a frequent cause of respiratory tract infections in children, and the infection spreads rapidly in hospitals. it is therefore important to diagnose the disease quickly. we have examined two quick tests for detecting rsv-antigen in nasopharyngeal aspirates: directigen rsv (becton dickinson, md, usa) and testpack rsv (abbott laboratories, chicago, il, usa). both tests are based on the enzyme immunoassay (eia) principle. the results were compared with a method u ... | 1996 | 8650634 |
| community-based respiratory viral infections in hiv positive patients with lower respiratory tract disease: a prospective bronchoscopic study. | to evaluate the contribution of community-based respiratory virus infections to lower respiratory tract disease in hiv-1 infected individuals. | 1996 | 8655183 |
| undetectable ige responses after respiratory syncytial virus infection. | sequential nasopharyngeal secretions were collected from 81 infants from one day to three months after admission to hospital with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. samples from 21 infants were assayed for anti-rsv ige in an antigen capture elisa assay. no ige antibodies were detected although an assay of iga antibodies carried out in parallel by a similar technique detected iga antibodies in the secretions of all patients tested. neither prior absorption of iga or igg, concentration o ... | 1996 | 8660074 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with congenital heart disease: a review. | this paper reviews recent changes in morbidity and mortality of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infants with congenital heart disease. mortality since the late 1970s has declined substantially, from approximately 37% to 3%. although the frequency of admission to intensive care units has declined from approximately 60% to 30%, the frequency for mechanical ventilatory support has not changed significantly. because mortality dropped prior to the widespread use of ribavirin, it is dif ... | 1996 | 8662029 |