| recombinant duck enteritis viruses expressing major structural proteins of the infectious bronchitis virus provide protection against infectious bronchitis in chickens. | to design an alternative vaccine for control of infectious bronchitis in chickens, three recombinant duck enteritis viruses (rdevs) expressing the n, s, or s1 protein of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were constructed using conventional homologous recombination methods, and were designated as rdev-n, rdev-s, and rdev-s1, respectively. chickens were divided into five vaccinated groups, which were each immunized with one of the rdevs, covalent vaccination with rdev-n & rdev-s, or covalent vacci ... | 2016 | 26946113 |
| responses of the toll-like receptor and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 signaling pathways to avian infectious bronchitis virus infection in chicks. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a gammacoronavirus in the family coronaviridae and causes highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens. innate immunity plays significant roles in host defense against ibv. here, we explored the interaction between ibv and the host innate immune system. severe histopathological lesions were observed in the tracheal mucosa at 3-5 days post inoculation (dpi) and in the kidney at 8 dpi, with heavy viral loads at 1-11 and 1-28 dpi, respectively. the ex ... | 2016 | 26920710 |
| genotyping of infectious bronchitis viruses from broiler farms in iraq during 2014-2015. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is one of the most critical pathogens in the poultry industry, causing serious economic losses in all countries including iraq. ibv has many genotypes that do not confer any cross-protection. this virus has been genotyped by sequence analysis of the s1 glycoprotein gene. a total of 100 tracheal and kidney tissue specimens from different commercial broiler flocks in the middle and south of iraq were collected from september 2013 to september 2014. thirty-two ibv- ... | 2016 | 26887967 |
| s1 gene-based phylogeny of infectious bronchitis virus: an attempt to harmonize virus classification. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is the causative agent of a highly contagious disease that results in severe economic losses to the global poultry industry. the virus exists in a wide variety of genetically distinct viral types, and both phylogenetic analysis and measures of pairwise similarity among nucleotide or amino acid sequences have been used to classify ibv strains. however, there is currently no consensus on the method by which ibv sequences should be compared, and heterogeneous genet ... | 2016 | 26883378 |
| interactive mechanism between avian infectious bronchitis s1 protein t cell peptide and avian mhc i molecule. | this study aims to construct a 3d structure of the avian major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-β2m complex through homology modelling technology, perform molecular docking of the predicted infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) s1 protein potential epitope peptide sp6 (nqfyiklt) and the avian mhc-β2m complex, and demonstrate the interactive mechanism between sp6 and mhc using molecular dynamical simulations. the peptide sp6 and the non-related peptide np89-97 (pkktggpiy) were used to stimulate in vi ... | 2016 | 26876645 |
| recombinant infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) h120 vaccine strain expressing the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein of newcastle disease virus (ndv) protects chickens against ibv and ndv challenge. | infectious bronchitis (ib) and newcastle disease (nd) are common viral diseases of chickens, which are caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and newcastle disease virus (ndv), respectively. vaccination with live attenuated strains of ibv-h120 and ndv-lasota are important for the control of ib and nd. however, conventional live attenuated vaccines are expensive and result in the inability to differentiate between infected and vaccinated chickens. therefore, there is an urgent need to develo ... | 2016 | 26873815 |
| introducing a class of standardized and interchangeable parts utilizing programmed ribosomal frameshifts for synthetic biology applications. | synthetic biology and the rational design of biological devices depend on the availability of standardized and interchangeable biological parts with diverse range of functions. reliable access to different reading frames during translation has largely been overlooked as functionality for bioengineering applications. here we report the construction and initial characterization of the first member of such a class of biological parts that conforms to the biobrick standard (rfc25), allowing its inte ... | 2017 | 26824028 |
| detection of infectious bronchitis virus strains similar to japan in taiwan. | a total of 1,320 tracheal samples from 66 broiler flocks sent to slaughterhouses and 42 tracheal samples from 42 flocks of local chickens in the field were collected for infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) gene detection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using nucleocapsid-specific primers and spike-specific primers. prevalence in broiler flocks was 39.4% (26/66) and in local chicken flocks was 11.9% (5/42). several ibvs similar to japan were detected in taiwan. one-direction neut ... | 2016 | 26822119 |
| rna sequencing-based analysis of the spleen transcriptome following infectious bronchitis virus infection of chickens selected for different mannose-binding lectin serum concentrations. | avian infectious bronchitis is a highly contagious disease of the upper-respiratory tract caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction between innate and adaptive immune responses to ibv infection is a crucial element for further improvements in strategies to control ib. to this end, two chicken lines, selected for high (l10h line) and low (l10l line) serum concentration of mannose-binding lectin (mbl) were studied. in total, 32 ... | 2016 | 26819139 |
| comparison between dot-immunoblotting assay and clinical sign determination method for quantifying avian infectious bronchitis virus vaccine by titration in embryonated eggs. | a sensitive and specific method for measuring the vaccine titer of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is important to commercial manufacturers for improving vaccine quality. typically, ibv is titrated in embryonated chicken eggs, and the infectivity of the virus dilutions is determined by assessing clinical signs in the embryos as evidence of viral propagation. in this study, we used a dot-immunoblotting assay (dia) to measure the titers of ibv vaccines that originated from different pathogenic s ... | 2016 | 26802454 |
| heterologous live infectious bronchitis virus vaccination in day-old commercial broiler chicks: clinical signs, ciliary health, immune responses and protection against variant infectious bronchitis viruses. | groups of one-day-old broiler chicks were vaccinated via the oculo-nasal route with different live infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) vaccines: massachusetts (mass), 793b, d274 or arkansas (ark). clinical signs and gross lesions were evaluated. five chicks from each group were humanely killed at intervals and their tracheas collected for ciliary activity assessment and for the detection of cd4+, cd8+ and iga-bearing b cells by immunohistochemistry (ihc). blood samples were collected at intervals ... | 2016 | 26743315 |
| pathogenicity and tissue tropism of infectious bronchitis virus is associated with elevated apoptosis and innate immune responses. | to establish a characteristic host response to predict the pathogenicity and tissue tropism of infectious bronchitis viruses (ibv), we investigated innate immune responses (iir) and apoptosis in chicken embryo kidney cells (cekc) and tracheal organ cultures (toc) infected with three ibv strains. results showed nephropathogenic ibv strains 885 and qx induced greater apoptosis in cekc than m41, which induced greater apoptosis in tocs compared to 885 and qx. elevated iir is associated with tissue t ... | 2016 | 26655241 |
| viral quantity and pathological changes in broilers experimentally infected by irfibv32 isolate of infectious bronchitis virus. | an iranian isolate of avian infectious bronchitis virus irfibv32 was quantified in experimentally infected broilers using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and histopathological changes was investigated. thirty-six 3-week-old commercial broilers were inoculated by 10(5) eld50/0.1 ml of the virus. on the various days post inoculation (dpi) different tissues were collected. the virus strongly started the replication in trachea at 1 dpi and reached to the maximum titer at 3 ... | 2015 | 26645044 |
| cross-protection by infectious bronchitis viruses under controlled experimental conditions. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) cross-protection trials were performed in healthy chickens maintained under controlled environmental conditions. chickens primed or primed and boosted with a massachusetts (mass)-type attenuated vaccine were subsequently challenged with either ibv arkansas (ark) or ga13-type virulent strains. in addition, ark-vaccinated chickens were challenged with ibv ga13. spike protein 1 (s1) amino acid identities between ibv vaccine and challenge strains varied from 76.0% t ... | 2015 | 26629628 |
| prediction and identification of novel ibv s1 protein derived ctl epitopes in chicken. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a major pathogen common in the poultry industry. broad cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response against ibv is one of the crucial factors that help to control viral replication. spike glycoproteins on the surface of the ibv virion harbor major t cell epitopes. in this study, based on the peptide-binding motifs of chicken mhc i molecules for the bf2*4, bf2*12, bf2*15, and bf2*19 haplotypes, potential ctl epitopes were predicted using s1 proteins from different ib ... | 2016 | 26620841 |
| altered pathogenicity of a tl/ch/ldt3/03 genotype infectious bronchitis coronavirus due to natural recombination in the 5'- 17kb region of the genome. | an infectious bronchitis coronavirus, designated as ck/ch/lgx/130530, was isolated from an ibv strain h120-vaccinated chicken in this study. analysis of the s1 gene showed that isolate ck/ch/lgx/130530 was a tl/ch/ldt3/03-like virus, with a nucleotide sequence similarity of 99%. however, a complete genomic sequence analysis showed that ck/ch/lgx/130530 was more closely related to a massachusetts type strain (95% similarity to strain h120) than to the tl/ch/ldt3/03 strain (86%), suggesting that r ... | 2016 | 26616599 |
| attenuation mechanism of virulent infectious bronchitis virus strain with qx genotype by continuous passage in chicken embryos. | the virulent isolate sdzb0808 of qx-type infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was continuously passaged in chicken embryos for 110 generations. the safety and immune efficacy of the 110th generation of ibvs (p110) were evaluated. damage was not found in the appearance of the 3-day-old specific-pathogen-free (spf) chicks immunized with 10(4.5) eid50 (median embryo infective dose) of p110 by intranasal and ocular administration. at 14 d after the vaccination with 10(4.5) eid50 of p110, all the 3-day- ... | 2016 | 26611202 |
| replication-competent fluorescent-expressing influenza b virus. | influenza b viruses (ibvs) cause annual outbreaks of respiratory illness in humans and are increasingly recognized as a major cause of influenza-associated morbidity and mortality. studying influenza viruses requires the use of secondary methodologies to identify virus-infected cells. to this end, replication-competent influenza a viruses (iavs) expressing easily traceable fluorescent proteins have been recently developed. in contrast, similar approaches for ibv are mostly lacking. in this repor ... | 2016 | 26590325 |
| first complete genome sequence of european turkey coronavirus suggests complex recombination history related with us turkey and guinea fowl coronaviruses. | a full-length genome sequence of 27,739 nt was determined for the only known european turkey coronavirus (tcov) isolate. in general, the order, number and size of orfs were consistent with other gammacoronaviruses. three points of recombination were predicted, one towards the end of 1a, a second in 1b just upstream of s and a third in 3b. phylogenetic analysis of the four regions defined by these three points supported the previous notion that european and american viruses do indeed have differ ... | 2016 | 26585962 |
| emergence of novel nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis viruses currently circulating in chinese chicken flocks. | the emergence of novel infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) has been reported worldwide. between 2011 and 2014, eight ibv isolates were identified from disease outbreaks in northeast china. in the current study we analysed the s1 gene of these eight ibv isolates in addition to the complete genome of five of them. we confirmed that these isolates emerged through the recombination of lx4 and taiwan group 1 (tw1) viruses at two switch sites, one was in the nsp 16 region and the other in the spike p ... | 2016 | 26551660 |
| survey indicates circulation of 4/91 and qx-type infectious bronchitis viruses in hungary in 2014 - short communication. | understanding the epidemiology and improving vaccinal protection against the highly variable chicken infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) requires the knowledge of circulating ibv serotypes/genotypes in defined geographic areas. accordingly, the authors initiated a survey among the major poultry producers in hungary in order to reveal the prevailing ibv serotypes in the country. tracheal swabs and organ samples (caecal tonsils, kidneys, and trachea) were collected from broiler, layer, and meat-type ... | 2015 | 26551428 |
| molecular detection and smoothing spline clustering of the ibv strains detected in china during 2011-2012. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a highly variable virus with a large number of genotypes. during 2011-2012, nineteen wild ibv strains were isolated in china. sequence analysis showed that these isolates were divided into five sub-clusters: a2-like, ckchldl08i-like, saibk-like, km91-like and tw97/4-like. phylogenetic analysis based on the 1118 sequences available on line suggested that all ibvs were classified into six clusters. the prevalent strains including all the isolates were in cluste ... | 2016 | 26494165 |
| molecular and antigenic characteristics of massachusetts genotype infectious bronchitis coronavirus in china. | in this study, 418 ibvs were isolated in samples from 1717 chicken flocks. twenty-nine of the isolates were classified as the massachusetts genotype. these 29 isolates, as well as two previously isolated massachusetts genotype ibv strains, were studied further. of the 31 strains, 24 were h120-like and two were m41-like isolates as determined by complete genomic sequence analysis, indicating that most of the ibv isolates were likely the reisolated vaccine virus. the remaining five ibv isolates, c ... | 2015 | 26482289 |
| epidemiology of avian infectious bronchitis virus genotypes in iran (2010-2014). | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in vaccinated chicken flocks continues to cause enormous economic losses to the poultry industry in iran. a molecular surveillance of ibv genotypes involved in outbreaks of disease was performed. specimens of trachea, kidney, and cecal tonsil were collected from 250 suspected flocks (more than 2500 samples) and identified between 2010 and 2014. partial spike glycoprotein gene sequences revealed seven distinct genotypes, including mass, 793/b, is720, variant 2, q ... | 2015 | 26478163 |
| molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated from broiler chicken farms in iran, 2014-2015. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is a viral avian disease with economic importance in the world, including iran. s1 gene sequencing has been used for molecular epidemiological studies and genotypic characterization of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). a total of 118 ibv isolates were obtained from tissue samples from chickens with clinically suspected ib from iranian broiler farms (eight provinces, 200 samples). the isolates were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and characterize ... | 2016 | 26467927 |
| assembly and immunogenicity of baculovirus-derived infectious bronchitis virus-like particles carrying membrane, envelope and the recombinant spike proteins. | to assemble infectious bronchitis virus (ibv)-like particles bearing the recombinant spike protein and investigate the humoral immune responses in chickens. | 2016 | 26463372 |
| the early immune response to infection of chickens with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in susceptible and resistant birds. | infectious bronchitis is a highly contagious respiratory disease which causes tracheal lesions and also affects the reproductive tract and is responsible for large economic losses to the poultry industry every year. this is due to both mortality (either directly provoked by ibv itself or due to subsequent bacterial infection) and lost egg production. the virus is difficult to control by vaccination, so new methods to curb the impact of the disease need to be sought. here, we seek to identify gen ... | 2015 | 26452558 |
| analysis of synonymous codon usage in spike protein gene of infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is responsible for causing respiratory, renal, and urogenital diseases in poultry. ibv infection in poultry leads to high mortality rates in affected flocks and to severe economic losses due to a drop in egg production and a reduced gain in live weight of the broiler birds. ibv-encoded spike protein (s) is the major protective immunogen for the host. although the functions of the s protein have been well studied, the factors shaping synonymous codon usage bias a ... | 2015 | 26452019 |
| prevalence of newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus in avian influenza negative birds from live bird markets and backyard and commercial farms in ivory-coast. | newcastle disease (nd) and infectious bronchitis (ib) are two major viral diseases affecting the respiratory tracts of birds and whose impact on african poultry is still poorly known. in the present study we aimed at assessing ndv and ibv prevalences in ivory-coast by molecular screening of >22,000 avian swabs by nested pcr and by serology testing of close to 2000 avian sera from 2010 through 2012. the ndv and ibv seroprevalences over the study period reached 22% and 72%, respectively. we found ... | 2015 | 26412525 |
| protection conferred by live infectious bronchitis vaccine viruses against variant middle east is/885/00-like and is/1494/06-like isolates in commercial broiler chicks. | the ability of the infectious bronchitis h120 (a massachusetts strain) and cr88 (a 793b strain) live attenuated vaccine viruses to protect from two middle east infectious bronchitis virus isolates, is/885/00-like (is/885) and is/1494/06-like (is/1494) in broiler chicks was investigated. day-old chicks were separated into three groups, (i) vaccinated with h120 at day-old followed by cr88 at 14 days-old, (ii) vaccinated with h120 and cr88 simultaneously at day-old and again with cr88 at 14 days-ol ... | 2015 | 26392909 |
| two novel neutralizing antigenic epitopes of the s1 subunit protein of a qx-like avian infectious bronchitis virus strain sczy3 as revealed using a phage display peptide library. | the spike (s) protein of the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) plays a central role in the pathogenicity, the immune antibody production, serotype and the tissue tropism. in this study, we generate 11 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against s1 subunit of ibv sczy3 strain, and two mabs 1d5 and 6a12 were positive in indirect elisa against both his-s1 protein and the purified whole viral antigen. mab 6a12 and 1d5 could recognized by other 10 ibv strains (ibvs) from five different genotypes, except tha ... | 2015 | 26315775 |
| immune responses to virulent and vaccine strains of infectious bronchitis viruses in chickens. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is an acute and highly contagious chicken viral disease, causing severe economic losses to poultry producers worldwide. in the last few decades, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) has been extensively studied, but knowledge of immune responses to virulent or vaccine strains of ibvs remains limited. this review focuses on fundamental aspects of immune responses against ibv, including the role of pattern recognition receptors (prrs) in identification of conserved viral st ... | 2015 | 26301315 |
| effects of adaptation of infectious bronchitis virus arkansas attenuated vaccine to embryonic kidney cells. | the population structure of an embryo-attenuated infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) arkansas (ark) delmarva poultry industry (dpi)-derived vaccine was characterized during serial passages in chicken embryo kidney (cek) cells and after back-passage in embryonated chicken eggs (ece) and in chickens. both conventional and deep-sequencing results consistently showed population changes occurred during adaptation to cek cells. specifically, 13 amino acid (aa) positions seemed to be targets of selection ... | 2015 | 26292543 |
| safety and efficacy of an attenuated chinese qx-like infectious bronchitis virus strain as a candidate vaccine. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is a highly contagious respiratory and urogenital disease of chickens caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). this disease is of considerable economic importance and is primarily controlled through biosecurity and immunization with live attenuated and inactivated ib vaccines of various serotypes. in the present study, we tested the safety and efficacy of an attenuated predominant chinese qx-like ibv strain. the results revealed that the attenuated strain has a cle ... | 2015 | 26277655 |
| genetic characterization of the belgian nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (nibv) reference strain b1648. | the virulent nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (nibv) strain b1648 was first isolated in 1984, in flanders, belgium. despite intensive vaccination, b1648 and its variants are still circulating in europe and north africa. here, the full-length genome of this belgian nibv reference strain was determined by next generation sequencing (ngs) to understand its evolutionary relationship with other ibv strains, and to identify possible genetic factors that may be associated with the nephropat ... | 2015 | 26262637 |
| phylogenetic analysis of avian infectious bronchitis virus s1 glycoprotein regions reveals emergence of a new genotype in moroccan broiler chicken flocks. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), a major pathogen of commercial poultry flocks, circulates in the form of several serotypes/genotypes. only a few amino-acid changes in the s1 subunit of wild-type ibvs proteins may result in mutants unaffected by current vaccines. | 2015 | 26239707 |
| genotypes of infectious bronchitis viruses circulating in the middle east between 2009 and 2014. | we are reporting on the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) genotypes circulating within seven middle east countries and the alterations in genotype distributions between 2009 and 2014. tissue samples on fta cards were received over the six-year period. viral rna was extracted using phenol chloroform and subjected to nested rt-pcr targeting a 393 bp region of the s1 gene before being followed by sequencing. from the 461 submitted samples, 363 were ibv positive by rt-pcr (77.01%). of these, 355 (97 ... | 2015 | 26226233 |
| combined infectious bronchitis virus arkansas and massachusetts serotype vaccination suppresses replication of arkansas vaccine virus. | polyvalent infectious bronchitis virus vaccination is common worldwide. the possibility of vaccine interference after simultaneous combined vaccination with arkansas (ark) and massachusetts (mass)-type vaccines was evaluated in an effort to explain the high prevalence of ark-type infectious bronchitis virus in vaccinated chickens. chickens ocularly vaccinated with combinations of ark and mass showed predominance of mass vaccine virus before 9 days post-vaccination (dpv) in tears. even when mass ... | 2015 | 26223977 |
| successful cross-protective efficacy induced by heat-adapted live attenuated nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus derived from a natural recombinant strain. | a natural recombinant nephropathogenic k40/09 strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was heat-adapted for possible future use as live attenuated vaccine. the k40/09 strain was selected during successive serial passages in specific-pathogen free (spf) embryonated eggs at sub-optimal higher temperature (56°c). unlike the parental strain, the attenuated strain, designated k40/09 hp50, was found to be safe in 1-day-old spf chicks, which showed neither mortality nor signs of morbidity, and rarel ... | 2015 | 26218899 |
| mechanistic study of intertypic nucleoprotein complex formation and its inhibitory effect toward influenza a virus. | co-infection of influenza a and b viruses (iav and ibv) results in marked decreases in iav replication. multiple mechanisms have been proposed for this phenomenon. recently, we reported that ibv nucleoprotein (bnp) alone can suppress iav replication and proposed an inhibition model in which bnp binds iav nucleoprotein (anp) and disrupts iav polymerase complexes. here, using mutagenesis and co-immunoprecipitation, we determined the protein motifs mediating the intertypic anp-bnp complex and showe ... | 2015 | 26218215 |
| mucosal, cellular, and humoral immune responses induced by different live infectious bronchitis virus vaccination regimes and protection conferred against infectious bronchitis virus q1 strain. | the objectives of the present study were to assess the mucosal, cellular, and humoral immune responses induced by two different infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) vaccination regimes and their efficacy against challenge by a variant ibv q1. one-day-old broiler chicks were vaccinated with live h120 alone (group i) or in combination with cr88 (group ii). the two groups were again vaccinated with cr88 at 14 days of age (doa). one group was kept as the control (group iii). a significant increase in l ... | 2015 | 26202435 |
| molecular investigation of a full-length genome of a q1-like ibv strain isolated in italy in 2013. | since 1996 a new infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) genotype, referred to as q1, circulated in china and was reported for the first time in italy in 2011, associated with an increase of mortality, kidney lesions and proventriculitis. during northern italian outbreak of respiratory disease in a broiler flock in 2013, an ibv strain was detected by rt-pcr and characterized as q1-like based on partial s1 sequence. the virus was isolated and named γcov/ck/italy/i2022/13. all coding regions of the isol ... | 2015 | 26191621 |
| increased level of protection of respiratory tract and kidney by combining different infectious bronchitis virus vaccines against challenge with nephropathogenic brazilian genotype subcluster 4 strains. | genotyping of seven infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains isolated in brazil showed that all belonged to the common brazilian genotype and that these strains were closest to the subcluster of strain ibv/brazil/2007/usp-19. pathotyping of four selected brazilian strains showed that they all caused a considerable level of ciliostasis in the trachea but at a somewhat lower level than did m41 and brazilian strains 50/96, 57/96, 62/96 and 64/96 representing four different serotypes that had been ... | 2015 | 26181294 |
| differential modulation of avian β-defensin and toll-like receptor expression in chickens infected with infectious bronchitis virus. | the host innate immune response either clears invading viruses or allows the adaptive immune system to establish an effective antiviral response. in this study, both pathogenic (passage 3, p3) and attenuated (p110) infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains were used to study the immune responses of chicken to ibv infection. expression of avian β-defensins (avbds) and toll-like receptors (tlrs) in 16 tissues of chicken were compared at 7 days pi. the results showed that p3 infection upregulated t ... | 2015 | 26142390 |
| a coronavirus e protein is present in two distinct pools with different effects on assembly and the secretory pathway. | coronaviruses (covs) assemble by budding into the lumen of the early golgi complex prior to exocytosis. the small cov envelope (e) protein plays roles in assembly, virion release, and pathogenesis. cov e has a single hydrophobic domain (hd), is targeted to golgi complex membranes, and has cation channel activity in vitro. however, the precise functions of the cov e protein during infection are still enigmatic. structural data for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-cov e protein suggest ... | 2015 | 26136577 |
| dynamic changes of virus load in supernatant of primary cek cell culture infected with different generations of avian infectious bronchitis virus strains sczy3 as revealed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) can multiply effectively in chick embryo kidney (cek) cells after adapting to the chick embryo. to investigate the dynamic changes in ibv load in the supernatant of primary cek cells, we developed an sybr green i-based real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to quantify nucleic copy numbers of the ibv-sczy3 strain. the 20, 54, and 87th generations of cek-adapted ibv-sczy3 strains were used to infect cek cells, and then nucleic copy numbers in the samples of su ... | 2015 | 26125838 |
| elevated level of renal xanthine oxidase mrna transcription after nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus infection in growing layers. | to assess relationships between xanthine oxidase (xod) and nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (nibv) infection, 240 growing layers (35 days old) were randomly divided into two groups (infected and control) of 120 chickens each. each chicken in the control and infected group was intranasally inoculated with 0.2 ml sterile physiological saline and virus, respectively, after which serum antioxidant parameters and renal xod mrna expression in growing layers were evaluated at 8, 15 and 22 d ... | 2015 | 26119168 |
| decreased neutralizing antigenicity in ibv s1 protein expressed from mammalian cells. | we evaluated the antigenicity of recombinant infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) s1 protein expressed in mammalian cells. recombinant s1 was expressed as a secreted protein fused with a trimerization motif peptide, then purified using ni sepharose. the purified protein was analyzed by western blotting, mixed with oil adjuvant, and administered to 29-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. six weeks after immunization, anti-ibv neutralizing titer and anti-s1 elisa titer were determined; immunized ... | 2015 | 26113306 |
| neutralization analysis of a chicken single-chain variable fragment derived from an immune antibody library against infectious bronchitis virus. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), which is prevalent in many countries causing severe economic loss to the poultry industry, causes infectious bronchitis (ib) in birds. recombinant single-chain variable fragments (scfvs) have been proven to effectively inhibit many viruses, both in vitro and in vivo, and they could be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic reagent to control ib. in this study, six anti-ibv chicken scfvs, zl.10, zl.64, zl.78, zl.80, zl.138, and zl.256, were obtained by scr ... | 2015 | 26090700 |
| novel receptor specificity of avian gammacoronaviruses that cause enteritis. | viruses exploit molecules on the target membrane as receptors for attachment and entry into host cells. thus, receptor expression patterns can define viral tissue tropism and might to some extent predict the susceptibility of a host to a particular virus. previously, others and we have shown that respiratory pathogens of the genus gammacoronavirus, including chicken infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), require specific α2,3-linked sialylated glycans for attachment and entry. here, we studied deter ... | 2015 | 26063435 |
| emergence of avian infectious bronchitis virus and its variants need better diagnosis, prevention and control strategies: a global perspective. | growth in poultry sector is being challenged due to increased incidence and re-emergence of diseases caused due to evolution of several viral pathogens and use of live vaccines. piles of economic losses are encountered due to these diseases. avian infectious bronchitis (ib), caused by corona virus, is oie-listed disease and characterized by respiratory, renal and urogenital involvements, causing high mortality. economic losses are encountered due to loss of productive performance of both egg and ... | 2014 | 26035949 |
| analysis of the s1 gene of the avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) reveals changes in the ibv genetic groups circulating in southern thailand. | the new variants of the avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) produce a range of symptoms and cause global economic losses to the poultry industry. we investigated the s1 glycoprotein of 24 recent ibv isolates from chickens and demonstrated that two predominant genetic groups were circulating in southern thailand between 2008 and 2013. seven ibv variants, isolated from 2008 to 2009, were clustered in the thailand tha001 group i while 15 ibv variants, isolated from 2009 to 2013, were classified ... | 2015 | 25983048 |
| prevalence and molecular characterization of avian infectious bronchitis virus in poultry flocks in morocco from 2010 to 2014 and first detection of italy 02 in africa. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and diversity of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) genotypes in poultry flocks in 16 areas of morocco between 2010 and 2014. a total of 360 chicken flocks suspected of being infected by ibv were screened for the ibv n gene using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). flocks were classified into four groups according to their ibv vaccination programme. group 1 contained unvaccinated birds. group 2 received a sing ... | 2015 | 25925561 |
| deoxynivalenol in chicken feed alters the vaccinal immune response and clinical biochemical serum parameters but not the intestinal and carcass characteristics. | this study was conducted to investigate the impacts of deoxynivalenol (don) feeding either alone or in combination with a microbial feed additive (mfa) on the immune response to a viral vaccine and serum clinical chemical parameters. forty 1-day-old boiler chicks were weighed and randomly divided into four groups, 10 birds in each group: (i) control group fed with basal diet; (ii) don group fed with basal diet artificially contaminated with 10 mg don/kg feed; (iii) don + mfa group fed with basal ... | 2016 | 25900321 |
| [rescue of the recombinant infectious bronchitis virus with the ectodomain region of h120 spike glycoprotein]. | to explore the expression potential of heterogeneous genes using the backbone of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) beaudette strain, the ectodomain region of the spike gene (1,302 bp) of ibv h120 strain was amplified by rt-pcr and replaced into the corresponding location of the ibv beaudette strain full-length cdna. this recombinant was designated as beaur-h120(s1). beaur-h120(s1) was directly used as the dna template for the transcription of viral genomic rna in vitro. then, the transcription p ... | 2014 | 25868282 |
| serotype shift of a 793/b genotype infectious bronchitis coronavirus by natural recombination. | an infectious bronchitis coronavirus, designated as ck/ch/lhlj/140906, was isolated from an infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain h120-vaccinated chicken flock, which presented with a suspected infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) infection. a phylogenetic analysis based on the s1 gene clustered ck/ch/lhlj/140906 with the 793/b group; however, a pairwise comparison showed that the 5' terminal of the s1 gene (containing hypervariable regions i and ii) had high sequence identity with the h120 stra ... | 2015 | 25843651 |
| genomic and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of infectious bronchitis coronavirus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a gammacoronavirus that causes a highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens. a qx-like strain was analysed by high-throughput illumina sequencing and genetic variation across the entire viral genome was explored at the sub-consensus level by single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) analysis. thirteen open reading frames (orfs) in the order 5'-utr-1a-1ab-s-3a-3b-e-m-4b-4c-5a-5b-n-6b-3'utr were predicted. the relative frequencies of missense: silent snps wer ... | 2015 | 25843648 |
| development of a multi-epitope antigen of s protein-based elisa for antibodies detection against infectious bronchitis virus. | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) method based on a novel multi-epitope antigen of s protein (se) was developed for antibodies detection against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). the multi-epitope antigen se protein was designed by arranging three s gene fragments (166-247 aa, s1 gene; 501-515 aa, s1 gene; 8-30 aa, s2 gene) in tandem. it was identified to be approximately 32 kda as a his-tagged fusion protein and can bind ibv positive serum by western blot analysis. the cond ... | 2015 | 25832890 |
| atypical velogenic newcastle disease in a commercial layer flock in japan. | in 2002, a commercial layer flock in japan was initially diagnosed as being infected with infectious bronchitis (ib) based on clinical signs, virus isolation, and serological analysis but was later found to be atypically infected with velogenic newcastle disease virus (ndv) following molecular diagnosis. the flock had slightly decreased egg production and an increased occurrence of soft-shelled eggs without significant mortality. ib-like viruses were isolated, which caused dwarfing and curling i ... | 2015 | 25810410 |
| cd107a as a marker of activation in chicken cytotoxic t cells. | the study aimed to evaluate cell surface mobilisation of cd107a as a general activation marker on chicken cytotoxic t cells (ctl). experiments comprised establishment of an in vitro model for activation-induced cd107a mobilisation and design of a marker panel for the detection of cd107a mobilisation on chicken ctl isolated from different tissues. moreover, cd107a mobilisation was analysed on ctl isolated from airways of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv)-infected birds direct ex vivo and upon in ... | 2015 | 25743852 |
| analysis of the complete genomic sequences of two virus subpopulations of the australian infectious bronchitis virus vaccine vics. | although sequencing of the 3' end of the genome of australian infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) has shown that their structural genes are distinct from those of ibvs found in other countries, their replicase genes have not been analysed. to examine this, the complete genomic sequences of the two subpopulations of the vics vaccine, vics-v and vics-del, were determined. compared with vics-v, the more attenuated vics-del strain had two non-synonymous changes in the non-structural protein 6 (nsp6 ... | 2015 | 25721384 |
| protein histochemistry using coronaviral spike proteins: studying binding profiles and sialic acid requirements for attachment to tissues. | protein histochemistry is a tissue-based technique that enables the analysis of viral attachment patterns as well as the identification of specific viral and host determinants involved in the first step in the infection of a host cell by a virus. applying recombinantly expressed spike proteins of infectious bronchitis virus onto formalin-fixed tissues allows us to profile the binding characteristics of these viral attachment proteins to tissues of various avian species. in particular, sialic aci ... | 2015 | 25720479 |
| partial purification of ibv and subsequent isolation of viral rna for next-generation sequencing. | rna viruses are known for a high mutation rate and rapid genomic evolution. as such an rna virus population does not consist of a single genotype but is rather a collection of individual viruses with closely related genotypes-a quasispecies, which can be analyzed by next-generation sequencing (ngs). this diversity of genotypes provides a mechanism in which a virus population can evolve and adapt to a changing environment. sample preparation is vital for successful sequencing. the following proto ... | 2015 | 25720476 |
| isolation and propagation of coronaviruses in embryonated eggs. | the embryonated egg is a complex structure comprised of an embryo and its supporting membranes (chorioallantoic, amniotic, yolk). the developing embryo and its membranes provide the diversity of cell types that are needed for successful replication of a wide variety of different viruses. within the family coronaviridae the embryonated egg has been used as a host system primarily for two avian coronaviruses within the genus gammacoronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and turkey coronaviru ... | 2015 | 25720472 |
| two genotypes of infectious bronchitis virus are responsible for serological variation in kwazulu-natal poultry flocks prior to 2012. | this study describes the isolation, serotyping and genotyping of 54 infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) cases predominantly in kwazulu-natal and compared to several isolates from other south african provinces between 2011 and 2012 and several historic isolates. the results indicate the division of isolates into two different genotypes of ibv within the province, massachusetts (mass)-like and qx-like. the ibv mass-like genotype was the most prevalent and was detected in 79% of the full spike protei ... | 2014 | 25685887 |
| domestic pigs are susceptible to infection with influenza b viruses. | influenza b virus (ibv) causes seasonal epidemics in humans. although ibv has been isolated from seals, humans are considered the primary host and reservoir of this important pathogen. it is unclear whether other animal species can support the replication of ibv and serve as a reservoir. swine are naturally infected with both influenza a and c viruses. to determine the susceptibility of pigs to ibv infection, we conducted a serological survey for u.s. midwest domestic swine herds from 2010 to 20 ... | 2015 | 25673727 |
| phylodynamic analysis of avian infectious bronchitis virus in south america. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a coronavirus of chickens that causes great economic losses to the global poultry industry. the present study focuses on south american ibvs and their genetic relationships with global strains. we obtained full-length sequences of the s1 coding region and n gene of ibv field isolates from uruguay and argentina, and performed phylodynamic analysis to characterize the strains and estimate the time of the most recent common ancestor. we identified two major sout ... | 2015 | 25667323 |
| antiviral effect of lithium chloride on infection of cells by porcine parvovirus. | porcine parvovirus (ppv) causes reproductive failure in pigs, which leads to economic losses to the industry. as reported previously, licl efficiently impairs the replication of a variety of viruses, including the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and pseudorabies herpesvirus. we demonstrate for the first time that inhibition of ppv replication in swine testis (st) cells by licl is dose-dependent, and that the antiviral effect of licl occu ... | 2015 | 25663217 |
| development and efficacy of a novel live-attenuated qx-like nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus vaccine in china. | in this study, we attenuated a chinese qx-like nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain, yx10, by passaging through fertilized chicken eggs. the 90th passage strain (yx10p90) was selected as the live-attenuated vaccine candidate strain. yx10p90 was found to be safe in 7-day-old specific pathogen free chickens without induction of morbidity or mortality. yx10p90 provided nearly complete protection against qx-like (ch i genotype) strains and partial protection against other two ma ... | 2015 | 25636916 |
| various levels and forms of dietary α-lipoic acid in broiler chickens: impact on blood biochemistry, stress response, liver enzymes, and antibody titers. | the present experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of various levels and forms of α-lipoic acid (ala) on blood biochemistry, immune and stress response, and antibody titers in broiler chickens. the four levels (7.5, 15, 75, and 150 ppm) and 2 sources (powder, p-ala and encapsulated, e-ala) of ala along with negative (c-) and positive control (c+; contains antibiotics) diets consisted of 10 dietary treatments, and these treatments were allocated to 1,200 1-d-old chicks and were replicate ... | 2015 | 25630676 |
| effects of challenge with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus reassortants in commercial chickens. | pathogenicity and immune responses were characterized in commercial broilers and layers challenged with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv) reassortants (vvibdv segment a + serotype 2 segment b and vvibdv segment a + classic virulent segment b) at 7 days of age. in addition, functional immunosuppression was evaluated after challenge with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) at 15 days of age. layers showed higher levels and increased persistence of ibdv- and ibv-specific maternal ... | 2014 | 25619003 |
| molecular detection of infectious bronchitis and newcastle disease viruses in broiler chickens with respiratory signs using duplex rt-pcr. | infectious bronchitis (ib) and newcastle disease (nd) are highly contagious and the most economically important diseases of the poultry affecting respiratory tract and causing economic losses in poultry industry throughout the world. in the present study, the simultaneous detection and differentiation of causative agents of these diseases were investigated using duplex-rt-pcr. rna was extracted from vaccinal and reference strains of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and newcastle disease virus ( ... | 2014 | 25610585 |
| structural view and substrate specificity of papain-like protease from avian infectious bronchitis virus. | papain-like protease (plpro) of coronaviruses (covs) carries out proteolytic maturation of non-structural proteins that play a role in replication of the virus and performs deubiquitination of host cell factors to scuttle antiviral responses. avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), the causative agent of bronchitis in chicken that results in huge economic losses every year in the poultry industry globally, encodes a plpro. the substrate specificities of this plpro are not clearly understood. he ... | 2015 | 25609249 |
| genome-wide association study of antibody level response to ndv and ibv in jinghai yellow chicken based on slaf-seq technology. | newcastle disease (nd) and avian infectious bronchitis (ib) are contagious diseases of chickens. to identify genes associated with antibody levels against nd and ib, a genome-wide association study was performed using specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (slaf-seq) technology in jinghai yellow chickens. this determined six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) that were associated with antibody levels against newcastle disease virus (ndv): rsz2494661, rsz2494710, rs1211307701, rs1211307 ... | 2015 | 25588649 |
| inhibitory effects of lithium chloride on replication of type ii porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in vitro. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is one of the most serious diseases affecting the swine industry worldwide; however, there are no efficient control strategies against prrs virus (prrsv) at present. therefore, development of new antiviral treatment strategies is urgently needed. as reported, lithium chloride (licl) can efficiently impair the replication of a variety of viruses, including infectious bronchitis coronavirus (ibv) and transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (tg ... | 2015 | 25560301 |
| detection of infectious bronchitis virus with the use of real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-pcr and correlation with virus detection in embryonated eggs. | real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) assays have been used to detect the presence of challenge virus when the efficacy of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) vaccine against field viruses is being experimentally evaluated. however, federal guidelines for licensing ibv vaccines indicate that challenge-virus detection following vaccination is to be conducted in embryonated eggs. in this study, we examined qrt-pcr data with the use of universal and type-spe ... | 2014 | 25518434 |
| continued use of ibv 793b vaccine needs reassessment after its withdrawal led to the genotype's disappearance. | over a period of almost two years, broilers chickens on several hundred italian farms, were monitored for infectious bronchitis virus. detections were genotyped using a hypervariable region of the gene coding for the s1 segment of the spike protein. a range of genotypes were detected which comprised qx, q1, mass, d274 and 793b. sequences of 793b viruses detected in chickens, vaccinated with either of the two commonly used 793b type vaccines were almost identical to sequences of one or other of t ... | 2014 | 25446828 |
| activation of the chicken type i interferon response by infectious bronchitis coronavirus. | coronaviruses from both the alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus genera interfere with the type i interferon (ifn) response in various ways, ensuring the limited activation of the ifn response in most cell types. of the gammacoronaviruses that mainly infect birds, little is known about the activation of the host immune response. we show that the prototypical gammacoronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), induces a delayed activation of the ifn response in primary renal cells, tracheal epit ... | 2015 | 25378498 |
| characterization of cellular and humoral immune responses after ibv infection in chicken lines differing in mbl serum concentration. | chickens from two inbred lines selected for high (l10h) or low (l10l) mannose-binding lectin (mbl) serum concentrations were infected with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), and innate as well as adaptive immunological parameters were measured throughout the experimental period. chickens with high mbl serum concentrations were found to have less viral load in the trachea than chickens with low mbl serum concentrations indicating that these chickens were less severely affected by the infection. t ... | 2014 | 25343382 |
| factors influencing the outcome of infectious bronchitis vaccination and challenge experiments. | the factors influencing the outcome of infectious bronchitis vaccination and challenge experiments regarding the respiratory and renal systems are reviewed. advantages and disadvantages of the available techniques for measuring protection against an infectious bronchitis virus challenge are discussed, including the definition of protection itself. suggestions are made regarding some ways in which progress towards standardization of a recognized protocol for performing experimental challenge stud ... | 2014 | 25338230 |
| evolutionary and bioinformatic analysis of the spike glycoprotein gene of h120 vaccine strain protectotype of infectious bronchitis virus from india. | the infectious bronchitis virus is a causative agent of avian infectious bronchitis (aib), and is is an important disease that produces severe economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. recent aib outbreaks in india have been associated with poor growth in broilers, drop in egg production, and thin egg shells in layers. the complete spike gene of indian aib vaccine strain was amplified and sequenced using a conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and is submitted to ... | 2016 | 25311758 |
| [dynamic distribution of the avian infectious bronchitis virus isolate strain jin-13 in spf chickens]. | this study aimed to understand the dynamic distribution of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) jin-13 strain in spf chickens. ninety-day-old spf chickens were inoculated with jin-13, a virulent strain, and dissected at day 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 or 35 post-inoculation (dpi). samples of heart, liver, spleen, lung, trachea, kidney and duodenum were collected and the n gene was detected by sybr green i real-time quantitative rt-pcr assays. the established method had a good linear correlation from 7. ... | 2014 | 25272586 |
| [complete genomic analysis of a novel infectious bronchitis virus isolate]. | the genome of ck/ch/sd09/005, an isolate of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), was characterized to enable the further understanding of the epidemiology and evolution of ibv in china. twenty-five pairs of primers were designed to amplify the full-length genome of ck/ch/sd09/005. the nucleotide sequence of ck/ch/sd09/005 was compared with reference ibv strains retrieved from genbank. the phylogenic relationship between ck/ch/sd09/005 and the reference strains was analyzed based on s1 gene sequenc ... | 2014 | 25272584 |
| development of slide elisa (selisa) for detection of four poultry viral pathogens by direct heat fixation of viruses on glass slides. | the development of an easy and simpler method of slide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (selisa) for the diagnosis of four economically important poultry viruses viz., newcastle disease virus (ndv), infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and egg drop syndrome 76 virus (eds 76) and the use of selisa for semi quantitation of ndv are described. the positive signals for viral aggregates were detected under light microscope. this is the first report regarding the d ... | 2014 | 25218174 |
| genomic characteristics and changes of avian infectious bronchitis virus strain ck/ch/ldl/97i after serial passages in chicken embryos. | we previously attenuated the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain ck/ch/ldl/97i and found that it can convey protection against the homologous pathogenic virus. | 2014 | 25195733 |
| recombinant nucleocapsid protein based single serum dilution elisa for the detection of antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus in poultry. | avian infectious bronchitis is ubiquitous and highly contagious disease of poultry, with profound effect on commercial poultry production. for effective control of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), quick and specific diagnosis is of utmost importance. in this study, the virus was isolated from clinical samples from india and the full length nucleocapsid (n) gene was amplified, cloned and expressed in a prokaryotic system. the purified recombinant n protein based single serum dilution enzyme lin ... | 2014 | 25173423 |
| molecular characterization of an infectious bronchitis virus strain isolated from northern china in 2012. | this study reports the complete genome sequence of an infectious bronchitis virus (ck/ch/sd/121220, kj128295) isolated in 2012 from shandong province in northern china. the genome is 27,666 nt long, comprising six genes and 5' and 3' untranslated regions. the full-length genome of the ck/ch/sd/121220 isolate had the highest nucleotide sequence identity (96.7 %) to the yx10 strain. sites of recombination were identified in the genes 1ab, s, 5a, 5b and n, with their putative parental strains belon ... | 2014 | 25168045 |
| inflammatory and cell-mediated immune responses in the respiratory tract of chickens to infection with avian infectious bronchitis virus. | tracheal mucosa is the primary site of replication of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), which leads to both morphologic and immune modulatory changes in this organ. to increase the understanding of the mechanisms involved in these processes, we focused on the evaluation of local inflammatory and cell-mediated immune responses after challenge with the m41 strain of ibv, associating these responses with pathologic changes in the tracheal mucosa. at 24 h post-infection, inflammatory cytokine ... | 2014 | 25105981 |
| varying antibody responses of laying hens housed in an aviary system and in furnished cages. | antibody titers after vaccination against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), newcastle disease virus (ndv) and after natural infection with campylobacter were analyzed in five trials with lohmann silver laying hens kept in two different housing systems. in these studies it could be demonstrated that antibodies against ibv and campylobacter were in 4 out of 5 respectively in 2 out of 5 trials significantly higher in hens housed in an aviary system compared to those kept in furnished cages. the op ... | 2014 | 25080819 |
| s1 of distinct ibv population expressed from recombinant adenovirus confers protection against challenge. | protective properties of three distinct infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) ark delmarva poultry industry (arkdpi) s1 proteins encoded from replication-defective recombinant adenovirus vectors were investigated. using a suboptimal dose of each recombinant virus, we demonstrated that ibv s1 amino acid sequences showing > or = 95.8% amino acid identity to the s1 of the challenge strain differed in their ability at conferring protection. indeed, the s1 sequence of the ibv population previously design ... | 2014 | 25055623 |
| cpg-odns induced changes in cytokine/chemokines genes expression associated with suppression of infectious bronchitis virus replication in chicken lungs. | the process of virus replication in host cells is greatly influenced by the set of cytokines, chemokines and antiviral substances activated as a result of host-virus interaction. alteration of cytokines profiles through manipulation of the innate immune system by innate immune stimulants may be helpful in inhibiting virus replication in otherwise permissive cells. the aim of present studies was to characterize innate immune responses capable of inhibiting infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) replic ... | 2014 | 25012000 |
| analysis of s1 gene of avian infectious bronchitis virus isolated in southern china during 2011-2012. | sixty-two strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were isolated from diseased chickens at different farms in southern china during 2011-2012, and 66.1 % of the isolated strains were associated with typical nephritis. analysis of the s1 gene sequences amplified from the 62 isolated strains together with 40 reference strains published in genbank showed nucleotide homologies ranging from 63.5 to 99.9 % and amino acid homologies ranging from 57.9 to 100 %. phylogenetic analysis revealed t ... | 2014 | 25000989 |
| effect of different levels of dietary sweet orange (citrus sinensis) peel extract on humoral immune system responses in broiler chickens. | this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of sweet orange (citrus sinensis) peel extract (sope) on humoral immune system responses in broiler chickens. three hundred 1-day broilers (ross-308) were randomly allocated to treatments varying in supplemental sope added in the drinking water. the experimental groups consisted of three treatments fed for 42 days as follows: a control treatment without feed extract, a treatment containing 1000 ppm of sope and a treatment ... | 2015 | 24990585 |
| [genotypes and serotypes of avian infectious bronchitis viruses isolated during 2009-2011 in guangxi, china]. | in order to investigate the prevalence and track genetic and antigenic evolutions of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and their prevalence in guangxi, china since 1985, gene amplification and sequencing and virus neutralization (vn) test on chicken embryo tracheal organ cultures were used in genotyping and serotyping of 28 ibv isolates during 2009-2011 in guangxi. the results of n gene sequencing and comparison showed that the 28 isolates and reference strains were classified into three groups, ... | 2014 | 24923170 |
| infectious bronchitis virus in different avian physiological systems-a field study in brazilian poultry flocks. | avian infectious bronchitis is a highly contagious viral disease with economic effects on poultry agribusiness. the disease presents multi-systemic clinical signs (respiratory, renal, enteric, and reproductive) and is caused by one coronavirus (infectious bronchitis virus, ibv). infectious bronchitis virus is classified into different serotypes and genotypes (vaccine strains and field variants). this study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of ibv in commercial poultry flocks from 3 important prod ... | 2014 | 24894532 |
| emergence of avian infectious bronchitis in a non-vaccinating country. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a coronavirus of the chicken. it is a highly contagious pathogen and in addition to causing respiratory and kidney diseases can affect the reproductive organs, resulting in loss of production and poor egg quality. despite the global distribution of ibv, finland has been free of clinical cases for almost three decades. since april 2011, outbreaks involving genotypes qx, d274-like and 4/91-like have occurred in southern finland. the clinical samples studied wer ... | 2014 | 24766156 |
| comparison of vaccine subpopulation selection, viral loads, vaccine virus persistence in trachea and cloaca, and mucosal antibody responses after vaccination with two different arkansas delmarva poultry industry -derived infectious bronchitis virus vaccines. | factors responsible for the persistence of arkansas delmarva poultry industry (arkdpi)-derived infectious bronchitis vaccines in commercial flocks and the high frequency of isolation of arkdpi-type infectious bronchitis viruses in respiratory cases are still unclear. we compared dynamics of vaccine viral subpopulations, viral loads, persistence in trachea and cloaca, and the magnitude of infectious bronchitis virus (1bv)-specific antibody induction after vaccination with two commercial arkdpi-de ... | 2014 | 24758121 |
| infectious bronchitis virus s2 expressed from recombinant virus confers broad protection against challenge. | we developed a recombinant newcastle disease virus (ndv) lasota (rls) expressing the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) s2 gene (rls/ibv.s2). the recombinant virus showed somewhat-reduced pathogenicity compared to the parental lentogenic lasota strain but effectively elicited hemagglutination inhibition antibodies against ndv and protected chickens against lethal challenge with virulent ndv/ca02. ibv heterotypic protection was assessed using a prime-boost approach with a commercially available at ... | 2014 | 24758118 |
| genotyping of infectious bronchitis viruses identified in canada between 2000 and 2013. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was detected in 185 samples originating from chicken flocks of various commodity groups in canada. flocks with clinical signs such as respiratory challenge, sudden death, egg production problems, or nephropathogenic conditions, and randomly selected flocks sampled at slaughter as part of an ontario broiler surveillance project, were included. most samples were from ontario and québec; however, a small number from british columbia, nova scotia, and newfoundland a ... | 2014 | 24754612 |
| evaluation of a novel strain of infectious bronchitis virus emerged as a result of spike gene recombination between two highly diverged parent strains. | the emergence of new variant strains of the poultry pathogen infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is continually reported worldwide, owing to the labile nature of the large single-stranded rna ibv genome. high resolution melt curve analysis previously detected a variant strain, n1/08, and the present study confirmed that this strain had emerged as a result of recombination between australian subgroup 2 and 3 strains in the spike gene region, in a similar manner reported for turkey coronaviruses. th ... | 2014 | 24730363 |