| primary structure of bacteriophage m2 dna polymerase: conserved segments within protein-priming dna polymerases and dna polymerase i of escherichia coli. | bacteriophage m2 encodes its own dna polymerase which catalyses the formation of a primer protein-5'damp initiation complex for dna replication. to understand the relation of structure to function of this 'protein-priming dna polymerase', we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the m2 dna polymerase-encoding gene (gene g). the deduced 572-amino acid sequence of m2 dna polymerase shows 82.3% overall homology to that of phi 29 dna polymerase. a homology search with the mutation data matrix r ... | 1989 | 2515115 |
| effects of cd4+ and cd8+ t-lymphocyte depletion on the induction and expression of herpes simplex stromal keratitis. | the immunopathological role of t-lymphocytes in herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) induced stromal keratitis (sk) has been well established, however, many questions still remain as to the actual mechanism(s) involved in the expression of this disease. to address this issue we have depleted mice of cd4+ and cd8+ t-lymphocytes at various stages of the disease and evaluated the effect of this therapy on the clinical outcome of the disease. we found that depleting mice of cd4+ t-lymphocytes either ... | 1989 | 2518571 |
| effects of selective depletion of l3t4+ t-lymphocytes on herpes simplex virus encephalitis. | the l3t4 surface molecule defines a subset of murine lymphocytes which are homologous to cd4+ lymphocytes in humans, and are functionally characterized as "helper/inducer" cells. to determine the role of helper/inducer lymphocytes in the host defense against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) encephalitis, we utilized a monoclonal antibody to selectively deplete l3t4+ lymphocytes from balb/c mice prior to experimental hsv infection. susceptibility to hsv was only minimally increased by the depl ... | 1989 | 2525439 |
| positively selected leu-11a (cd16+) cells require the presence of accessory cells or factors for the lysis of herpes simplex virus-infected fibroblasts but not herpes simplex virus-infected raji. | previous studies from our laboratory indicated that human nk activity against hsv-infected fibroblasts (hsv-fs) but not k562 targets was sensitive to treatment with anti-hla-dr plus c. in the current study, we have selected leu-11a+ (cd-16) cells by fluorescence activated cell sorting and found that although leu-11a enriched populations lysed k562 targets in 14-h 51cr-release assays, they were unable to kill hsv-fs targets unless a leu-11a-depleted population was added back to the effectors or u ... | 1989 | 2526183 |
| stability of the transformants obtained by phage particle-mediated gene transfer. | recombinant lambda phage dna, encapsulated in phage particles and coprecipitated with calcium phosphate, efficiently transforms cultured mammalian cells without a requirement for carrier dna. the present paper analyzes the stability of the transformants obtained by the phage transfer method. lambda phage particles containing recombinant dna that includes the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 as a selective marker were introduced into ltk- cells deficient in tk activity, a ... | 1989 | 2529979 |
| phage particle-mediated gene transfer of recombinant cosmids to cultured mammalian cells. | an efficient procedure for the introduction of recombinant cosmids into cultured mammalian cells consists of the following steps. cosmids were packaged, in vitro, into lambda phage particles and transduced into escherichia coli hosts lysogenized with thermo-inducible lambda c its phage. the introduced cosmids were repackaged into phage particles in the thermo-induced hosts. the efficiency of such in vivo cosmid packaging was further improved by construction of ptc vectors that carried three cohe ... | 1989 | 2531106 |
| kinetics of expression of the gene encoding the 65-kilodalton dna-binding protein of herpes simplex virus type 1. | the 65-kilodalton dna-binding protein (65kdbp) of herpes simplex virus type 1, encoded by gene ul42, is required for herpes simplex virus origin-dependent dna replication (c.a. wu, n.j. nelson, d.j. mcgeoch, and m.d. challberg, j. virol. 62:435-443, 1988). we found by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibody to 65kdbp that the protein was first detectable at 3 h postinfection. it localized first to the inner periphery of the nucleus, but accumulated in large globular compartments wit ... | 1989 | 2535721 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 icp27 deletion mutants exhibit altered patterns of transcription and are dna deficient. | infected cell polypeptide 27 (icp27, alpha 27, ie63) is the 63-kilodalton product of an immediate-early gene of herpes simplex virus. functional analysis of temperature-sensitive mutants in herpes simplex virus type 1 icp27 demonstrated that this protein plays an essential role in virus replication (w. r. sacks, c. c. greene, d. p. aschman, and p. a. schaffer, j. virol. 55:796-805, 1985). because the temperature-sensitive forms of icp27 induced by the mutants affected gene expression to differin ... | 1989 | 2535723 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 gene products required for dna replication: identification and overexpression. | seven herpes simplex virus (hsv) genes have been shown recently to be necessary and sufficient to support the replication of origin-containing plasmids. two of these genes (pol and dbp) encode well-known dna replication proteins (the dna polymerase and the major single-stranded dna binding protein), and a third gene (ul42) encodes a previously identified infected-cell protein which binds tightly to double-stranded dna. the products of the four remaining genes have not previously been identified. ... | 1989 | 2535726 |
| sequence of the latency-related gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. | during herpes simplex virus type 1 latency in neurons, rna is transcribed from one small region of the viral genome. this latency-related rna (lr rna) is antisense to the mrna of the immediate early gene icpo, partially overlaps the icpo mrna, and is suspected of playing some role in helping maintain latency. we report here the sequence of the latency-related gene (lr gene) and its flanking sequences from strain f, and compare it to the available partial sequences of this region from strains 17 ... | 1989 | 2535901 |
| the herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein icp27 is obligately required for the accumulation of a cellular protein during viral infection. | lytic infection with herpes virus type 1 (hsv-1) causes the accumulation of a 40-kda cellular protein (p40) which is also overexpressed in cultured cells transformed by hsv or other agents and in human cervical tumors. accumulation of p40 is dependent upon viral protein synthesis but not viral dna replication in the infected cell and occurs in the hsv-1 mutants tsk and tslb2 in which only a defective icp4 protein and the four other immediate-early proteins are synthesized. by using a panel of hs ... | 1989 | 2535908 |
| heteroconjugate antibodies enhance cell-mediated anti-herpes simplex virus immunity. | impaired cell-mediated immunity predisposes individuals to severe systemic hsv infections. a potential approach for enhancing antiviral immunity is to alter the specificity of t cells and nk cells so that they become cytotoxic against hsv. we describe here the use of heteroconjugate antibodies to augment the killing of hsv-infected cells. two different types of heteroconjugate antibodies were used: 1) cd3-specific mab, covalently linked to hsv-specific mab (e.g., anti-cd3 x anti-hsv-1 glycoprote ... | 1989 | 2536060 |
| activation of human papillomavirus type 18 gene expression by herpes simplex virus type 1 viral transactivators and a phorbol ester. | several viral trans-activators and a tumor promoter were examined for the ability to activate human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv-18) gene expression. a plasmid containing the hpv-18 noncoding region placed upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene was cotransfected with different herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) genes into several cell lines. both hsv-1 tif and icp0 activated hpv-18 expression; however, activation by tif was observed only in epithelial cells, while icp0 s ... | 1989 | 2536091 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 dna synthesis requires the product of the ul8 gene: isolation and characterization of an icp6::lacz insertion mutation. | we investigated the role of the herpes simplex virus type 1 ul8 gene product in viral dna replication. first, we unambiguously fine mapped the mutation in tss38 (complementation group 1-26) to an open reading frame, designated ul8, predicted to encode an 80-kilodalton protein. previous studies indicated that tss38 was capable of synthesizing low to moderate levels of viral dna at the nonpermissive temperature (c. t. chu, d. s. parris, r. a. f. dixon, f. e. farber, and p. a. schaffer, virology 98 ... | 1989 | 2536095 |
| the epstein-barr virus (ebv) early promoter dr contains a cis-acting element responsive to the ebv transactivator eb1 and an enhancer with constitutive and inducible activities. | the epstein-barr virus (ebv) dr promoter controlled the expression of the psti repeat region ir4. this promoter was activated by the ebv trans-acting factor eb1, mainly at the transcriptional level, and the activation was mediated by the tata box and two cis-acting regulatory regions, one proximal to the tata box and one distal to the tata box. the distal region had enhancer properties. in hela cells, it activated transcription from the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase promoter linke ... | 1989 | 2536096 |
| characterization of the dna-binding properties of herpes simplex virus regulatory protein icp4. | icp4 is a herpesvirus-encoded protein that is expressed during the immediate-early phase of productive infection and is required for efficient transcription of viral genes during the early and late phases of infection. previous studies have shown that icp4 is a component of specific protein-dna complexes but have not revealed whether native icp4 directly recognizes specific nucleotide sequences. using dna affinity chromatography, we have purified icp4 to near homogeneity. the purified preparatio ... | 1989 | 2536100 |
| immediate-early regulatory gene mutants define different stages in the establishment and reactivation of herpes simplex virus latency. | using nonsense and deletion mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1, we investigated the roles of three immediate-early proteins (icp4, icp27 and icp0) in the establishment and reactivation of ganglionic latency in a mouse ocular model. dna hybridization, superinfection-rescue, and cocultivation techniques provided quantitative data that distinguished between the failure of a virus to establish latency in the ganglion and its failure to reactivate. null mutants with lesions in the genes for icp4 ... | 1989 | 2536101 |
| herpes simplex virus-induced stromal keratitis: role of t-lymphocyte subsets in immunopathology. | herpetic stromal keratitis (sk), a frequent cause of visual impairment, is considered to represent an immune-mediated inflammatory response to persistent herpes simplex virus virions or subcomponents within the corneal stroma. the experimental disease in mice involves the essential participation of t lymphocytes, but the role of t-lymphocyte subsets in either mediating or controlling the disease is uncertain. in this report, rat monoclonal antibodies were used to selectively deplete mice in vivo ... | 1989 | 2536102 |
| herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d mediates interference with herpes simplex virus infection. | we showed that the expression of a single protein, glycoprotein d (gd-1), specified by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) renders cells resistant to infection by hsv but not to infection by other viruses. mouse (lmtk-) and human (hep-2) cell lines containing the gene for gd-1 under control of the human metallothionein promoter ii expressed various levels of gd-1 constitutively and could be induced to express higher levels with heavy metal ions. radiolabeled viruses bound equally well to gd-1-ex ... | 1989 | 2536105 |
| during latency, herpes simplex virus type 1 dna is associated with nucleosomes in a chromatin structure. | latent herpes simplex virus type 1 dna has a nucleosomal structure similar to that of cellular chromatin, as determined by micrococcal nuclease digestion. all of the major regions, including the transcriptionally active region of the genome, were found to be associated with nucleosomes. such a chromatin structure is likely to be an important element in the control of herpes simplex virus type 1 gene expression during latency. | 1989 | 2536115 |
| transneuronal transfer of herpes virus from peripheral nerves to cortex and brainstem. | the transneuronal transfer of neurotropic viruses may represent an effective tool for tracing chains of connected neurons because replication of virus in the recipient neurons after transfer amplifies the "tracer signal." herpes simplex virus type 1 was transferred transneuronally from forelimb and hindlimb nerves of rats to the cortical and brainstem neurons that project to the spinal enlargements to which the nerves receiving injections are connected. this transneuronal transfer of herpes simp ... | 1989 | 2536188 |
| germline transmission of exogenous genes in the chicken. | difficulties associated with in vitro manipulation and culture of the early chicken embryo have restricted generation of transgenic chickens to approaches that use replication-competent retroviruses. the need to produce transgenic chickens in the absence of replicating virus prompted development of a new method of gene transfer into the chicken. microinjection of the replication-defective reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) vector me111 beneath unincubated chicken embryo blastoderms results in inf ... | 1989 | 2536194 |
| the effect of cellular immune tolerance to hsv-1 antigens on the immunopathology of hsv-1 keratitis. | previous studies have revealed that herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) corneal stromal lesions do not develop in the absence of a cell-mediated immune (cmi) response to hsv-1 antigens. hsv-1 glycoprotein c (gc) has been shown to play an important role in the induction of the cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response to hsv-1 infections at anatomical sites other than the eye. here we report that a deletion mutant lacking gc (gc-39) when used to infect the corneas of a/j mice was a poor inducer of bo ... | 1989 | 2536358 |
| characterization of dna sequence-common and sequence-specific proteins binding to cis-acting sites for cleavage of the terminal a sequence of the herpes simplex virus 1 genome. | the terminal 500-base-pair alpha sequence of the herpes simplex virus 1 genome contains signals for cleavage (pac1 and pac2) of unit-length dna molecules from concatemers in unique stretches of sequences designated ub and uc, respectively, and a cis site for cleavage designated dr1. we report that nuclear extracts from infected cells contain factors which form two dna-virus-specific protein complexes with components of the a sequence. purification of the factors forming the v2 complex yielded a ... | 1989 | 2536820 |
| identification, transfer, and characterization of cloned herpes simplex virus invasiveness regions. | following peripheral inoculation of experimental animals, herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) strains are more virulent than hsv-1 strains, and clinical studies suggest that they possess enhanced virulence in humans. one dramatic type-specific difference in virulence is observed following inoculation of the chorioallantoic membrane (cam) of the chicken embryo: hsv-2, but not hsv-1, makes large pocks on the cam, invades the mesoderm, generalizes in the embryo, and kills the chicken. these propert ... | 1989 | 2536826 |
| intragenic complementation among partial peptides of herpes simplex virus regulatory protein icp4. | peptides of the herpes simplex virus type 1 regulatory protein, icp4, which are translated from genes containing nonsense and deletion mutations retain specific biochemical properties and activities characteristic of the intact icp4 molecule (n. a. deluca and p. a. schaffer, j. virol. 62:732-743, 1988). mutant viruses expressing these peptides are deficient for viral growth in the absence of complementing wild-type protein supplied in trans, indicating that the mutant peptides are not functional ... | 1989 | 2536829 |
| functional mapping and dna sequence of an equine herpesvirus 1 origin of replication. | the genome of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) defective interfering (di) particle dna originates from discrete regions within the standard (std) ehv-1 genome: the left terminus (0.0 to 0.04 map units) and the inverted repeats (0.78 to 0.79 and 0.83 to 0.87 map units of the internal inverted repeat; 0.91 to 0.95 and 0.99 to 1.00 map units of the terminal inverted repeat). since di dna must contain cis-acting dna sequences, such as replication origins, which cannot be supplied in trans by the std ehv ... | 1989 | 2536833 |
| human gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor exert a synergistic blockade on the replication of herpes simplex virus. | the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is not inhibited in either hela or hep-2 cells treated with human alpha interferon (huifn-alpha), particularly when high multiplicities of infection are used. however, huifn-gamma partially inhibits hsv-1 translation in hep-2 cells infected at low multiplicities. under these conditions, the transcription of genes alpha 22, tk, and gamma 0 is greatly diminished. the combined addition of human tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and huifn-gamma to hep ... | 1989 | 2536838 |
| cloning of the herpes simplex virus icp4 gene in an adenovirus vector: effects on adenovirus gene expression and replication. | to assess the ability of the herpes simplex virus icp4 protein to complement adenovirus e1a mutants we have constructed an adenovirus type 5 vector containing a temperature-sensitive icp4 gene, under control of its own promoter, within the e1 region of the genome. the recombinant virus expresses icp4 in cells which are permissive (293) or nonpermissive (kb and r970-5) for viral replication, and at levels which approximate those obtained in herpes simplex infection. the adenovirus-encoded protein ... | 1989 | 2536987 |
| effect of chlorhexidine on the in vitro and in vivo herpes simplex virus infection. | several investigations have recently shown that chlorhexidine (chx) has antiviral activity, and they have indicated possible clinical use of chx for the control of intraoral herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection. in the present study, we have evaluated the in vitro and in vivo therapeutic efficacy of chx against type 1 hsv (hsv-1) infection. chx moderately, but significantly, inhibited the replication and cytolytic activity of hsv-1 in vero cell monolayers. when 0.2% chx was applied topically ont ... | 1989 | 2537483 |
| establishment of latent ganglionic infection with herpes simplex virus via maxillary gingiva and viral re-activation in vivo after trauma. | herpes simplex virus can remain latent for months or years in sensory and automatic ganglia of animals and man, and can be re-activated in vivo by several procedures such as neurectomy, irritation of epithelial surfaces, and administration of immunosuppressive agents. the objective of this study was to determine whether dental stimuli can cause re-activation of the latent herpes simplex virus. homogenization and explanation of ganglia from mice showed that herpes simplex virus (type 1) traveled ... | 1989 | 2537858 |
| neurovirulence of two clonally related herpes simplex virus type 1 strains in a rabbit seizure model. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strains vary widely with regard to neurovirulence, but their tropism for specific central nervous system structures and their ability to induce seizures are poorly defined. we have used the clonally related +gc and -gc strains of hsv-1 to define the pathophysiological basis of neurovirulence in a rabbit model. following intranasal inoculation, +gc infection was nearly uniformly fatal while -gc infection was asymptomatic. the +gc infected animals developed elec ... | 1989 | 2537887 |
| binding of the herpes simplex virus type 1 ul9 gene product to an origin of viral dna replication. | the binding of a herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) encoded polypeptide to a viral origin of dna replication has been studied by using a gel retardation assay. incubation of nuclear extract from hsv-1 infected cells with a labelled origin-containing fragment resulted in the formation of a specific retarded complex, the migration of which was further reduced in the presence of an antibody reactive with the ul9 gene product. introduction of an additional copy of the ul9 gene, under the control of ... | 1989 | 2537958 |
| related sites in human and herpesvirus dna recognized by methylated dna-binding protein from human placenta. | methylated dna-binding protein (mdbp) from mammalian cells binds specifically to six pbr322 and m13mp8 dna sequences but only when they are methylated at their cpg dinucleotide pairs. we cloned three high-affinity mdbp recognition sites from the human genome on the basis of their binding to mdbp. these showed much homology to the previously characterized prokaryotic sites. however, the human sites exhibited methylation-independent binding apparently because of the replacement of m5c residues wit ... | 1989 | 2537959 |
| characterization of rna transcripts from herpes simplex virus-1 dna fragment bamhi-b. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna fragment bamhi-b (0.738-0.809 map units) was recently reported to be associated with the phenotype of intraperitoneal pathogenicity and to encode a latency-associated rna transcript. part of this fragment resides within the internal repeat sequence of the long (l) region of the viral genome. in this study, rna transcripts from bamhi-b were characterized. in addition to immediate-early mrnas ie-1 and ie-2, eight novel rna species were found. three transcrip ... | 1989 | 2538024 |
| herpes simplex virus infection of the rat sensory neuron. effects of interferon on cultured cells. | embryonic rat dorsal root ganglion neurons were cultured in a two-chamber system allowing infection of neuritic extensions without exposure of neuronal cell bodies or vice versa. herpes simplex virus type 1 was used to infect interferon-alpha and -beta treated or untreated neurons and the production of virus and interferon was assayed. treatment of nerve cell bodies with interferon inhibited virus replication in a dose-dependent manner, whether virus was inoculated directly onto the nerve bodies ... | 1989 | 2538109 |
| reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv) from mouse footpad cells demonstrated by in situ hybridization. | hsv-1 specific rna sequences became detectable by in situ hybridization 5-6 days after culture of footpads (fp) explanted from latently infected mice. hsv-specific rna first appeared in basal cells of hair follicles and cells of the hair root sheath, in epithelial cells of sebaceous glands and in cells within the epidermis. when first detected graining was light and usually present over individual cells, subsequently graining became heavy and present over large groups of cells. hsv reactivation ... | 1989 | 2538113 |
| the antiviral activity of 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine is enhanced by the 2',3'-dideoxyriboside, the 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyriboside and the 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyriboside of 2,6-diaminopurine. | the 2',3'-dideoxyriboside (dddapr), 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyriboside (ddedapr) and 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyriboside (azdddapr) of 2,6-diaminopurine have been previously recognized as potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus replication. these compounds are also potent inhibitors of adenosine deaminase and inhibit the deamination of 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (araa). dddapr, ddedapr and azdddapr markedly potentiate the antiviral activity of araa against herpes simplex virus type ... | 1989 | 2538128 |
| the isolation of herpes simplex virus from rabbit corneas during latency. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) latency, as operationally defined, is a state in which cell-free infectious virus cannot be demonstrated in tissue at the time of sacrifice, but infectious virus can be isolated from the same tissue after prolonged cultivation. latent hsv has been routinely detected in sensory ganglia of the infected dermatome. we have isolated hsv-1 (re) from the corneas of 11% of infected rabbits which harbored virus in a latent state in trigeminal ganglia. hsv-1 (re) was is ... | 1989 | 2538402 |
| regulation of expression of herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoprotein d in vaccinia recombinants affects their ability to protect from cutaneous hsv-2 disease. | the effect of regulation of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 glycoprotein d (gd-1) gene expression on hsv-specific immune response and protection from cutaneous hsv-2 disease was studied using vaccinia virus recombinants containing gd-1 under the control of early (vp176) or late (vp254) vaccinia virus promoters. expression of gd-1 in vp176-infected cells was first observed at 2 h after infection. it did not depend on viral dna replication. in vp254-infected cells, gd-1 was first observed at 24 ... | 1989 | 2538519 |
| separation of requirements for protein-dna complex assembly from those for functional activity in the herpes simplex virus regulatory protein vmw65. | a transient expression system was developed which results in efficient synthesis of the regulatory protein vmw65 of herpes simplex virus type 1 in eucaryotic cells. the gene for vmw65 was linked to the cytomegalovirus immediate-early (ie) promoter-enhancer region in a plasmid containing the simian virus 40 origin of replication. when transfected into cos cells, vmw65 was expressed from this vector in 25 to 50% of the cells, with total levels of the protein approaching 20% of those observed in in ... | 1989 | 2538647 |
| herpes simplex virus 1 helicase-primase: a complex of three herpes-encoded gene products. | in an earlier report, we described a dna helicase that is specifically induced upon infection of vero cells with herpes simplex virus 1. we have purified this enzyme to near homogeneity and found it to consist of three polypeptides with molecular weights of 120,000, 97,000, and 70,000. immunochemical analysis has shown these polypeptides to be the products of three of the genes ul52, ul5, and ul8 that are required for replication of a plasmid containing a herpes simplex 1 origin (oris). in addit ... | 1989 | 2538835 |
| trans-activation of herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate early genes is specifically inhibited by human recombinant interferons. | the effect of human recombinant interferons (ifns) alpha and gamma on the transcription of herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) immediate early (ie) genes has been studied. human amniotic cells (wish) were transfected with a chimaeric plasmid containing the regulatory region of the hsv-1 ie genes controlling the expression of a reporter gene (cat). subsequently cells were infected with live hsv-1 to trans-activate the ie sequences. when cell samples were treated with ifn alpha or ifn gamma prior ... | 1989 | 2539110 |
| promoting effect of croton oil on the induction of cervical and vaginal cancers with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in mice. | hybrid swiss virgin mice (kuan-min strain) were challenged intravaginally with uv-inactivated herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) or type 2 (hsv-2) twice a week for 16 times and subsequently with croton oil or control medium twice a week for 27 times. after a period of 180 days the exposure to hsv-2 plus control medium induced premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix and vagina in 50.0% of the mice. the exposure to hsv-2 plus croton oil induced similar lesions in 78.2% of the mice. the e ... | 1989 | 2539313 |
| trifluridine decreases ocular hsv-1 recovery, but not herpetic lesions after timolol iontophoresis. | to determine the effect of a topically applied antiviral agent on shedding of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) into the tear film and corneal epithelial lesions, ten rabbits latently infected with hsv-1 were subjected to transcorneal iontophoresis of 0.01% timolol once a day for 3 consecutive days to induce viral shedding and lesions. iontophoretic induction was performed similarly in five uninfected rabbits as controls. half of the infected rabbits and all of the uninfected controls received ... | 1989 | 2539342 |
| short, duplicated sequence indicative of the recombinogenicity of the junction between a unique and an inverted repeat sequence in the s component of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome. | a herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain, b3, was found to have a short duplication on the left junction between the unique sequence (us) and the inverted repeat sequence (rs) in the s component of the genome dna. a short region of rs contiguous to the left us-rs junction was duplicated in b3. based on the nucleotide sequences in and around the us-rs junctions of b3 and other hsv-1 strains, a concept of junction stretch was proposed. the organization of junction stretch is rs side 5'-(g or a ... | 1989 | 2539490 |
| control of mrna stability by the virion host shutoff function of herpes simplex virus. | vhs1 is a mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 that is defective in the virion host shutoff function responsible for the degradation of cellular mrnas and the concomitant shutoff of host protein synthesis. in this study, the effect of the vhs1 mutation on the metabolism of viral mrnas was examined by measuring the half-lives and patterns of accumulation of 10 different viral mrnas representing all kinetic classes. the vhs1 mutation had the effect of dramatically lengthening the cytoplasmic half ... | 1989 | 2539493 |
| a neutrophil-derived antiviral protein: induction requirements and biological properties. | polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes (pmn) have been implicated as playing a role in antiviral defense. in addition to having phagocytic and cytotoxic activities, pmn may produce an antiviral substance with interferon (ifn)-like activity. the product, for which the name polyferon (pf) has been coined, is produced upon direct encounter of pmn with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1)-infected bovine cells or membranes thereof. exposure to purified virus only does not induce pf. the intimate intera ... | 1989 | 2539494 |
| physical mapping and nucleotide sequence of a herpes simplex virus type 1 gene required for capsid assembly. | in this report, we describe some phenotypic properties of a temperature-sensitive mutant of herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) and present data concerning the physical location and nucleotide sequence of the genomic region harboring the mutation. the effect of shifts from the permissive to the nonpermissive temperature on infectious virus production by the mutant a44ts2 indicated that the mutated function is necessary throughout, or late in, the growth cycle. at the nonpermissive temperature, no majo ... | 1989 | 2539510 |
| construction and characterization of a herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant unable to transinduce immediate-early gene expression. | a herpes simplex virus mutant, in1814, possessing a 12-base-pair insertion in the gene encoding the transinducing factor vmw65 has been constructed. the insertion abolished the ability of vmw65 to transinduce immediate-early (ie) gene expression and to form a protein-dna complex with cell proteins and the ie-specific regulatory element taatgagat. accumulation of ie rna 1 and 2 was reduced four- to fivefold in in1814-infected cells, but the level of ie rna 4 was reduced only by twofold, and ie rn ... | 1989 | 2539517 |
| molecular localization of abortive infection of resident peritoneal macrophages by herpes simplex virus type 1. | mononuclear phagocytes exhibit different patterns of intrinsic resistance to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) that are related to the heterogeneity of macrophage populations and may reflect the particular differentiation or maturation state of the macrophages. in this study, we characterized the molecular basis for the block in hsv-1 replication in resident peritoneal macrophages from b6c3f1 mice. infected resident peritoneal macrophages were analyzed for the presence of virus-specific mrna b ... | 1989 | 2539519 |
| stimulation of estrogen receptor mrna levels in mcf-7 cells by herpes simplex virus infection. | infection of estrogen-responsive cells (mcf-7) with herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2 stimulates expression of the estrogen receptor message. experiments on infection with the mutant virus, tsk, together with transfection studies implicate the virion protein, vmw65, in the response. cellular protein synthesis is essential for estrogen receptor mrna expression. | 1989 | 2539527 |
| thymidine kinase obliteration: creation of transgenic mice with controlled immune deficiency. | the cell-specific expression of herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase (hsv-1-tk) has provided a simple and highly efficient technique to achieve conditional ablation of targeted cell types in transgenic mice. the ablation is induced by treating transgenic animals expressing hsv-1-tk with the antiherpetic drug ganciclovir. in lymphoid tissues of mice expressing hsv-1-tk from an immunoglobulin promoter, administration of ganciclovir leads to massive destruction of b- and t-cell lineages. tissues ... | 1989 | 2539597 |
| possible transmission of herpes simplex virus by organ transplantation. | herpes simplex virus commonly reactivates in seropositive transplant recipients but has not been generally thought to be transmissible by the transplanted organ itself. we studied two consecutive cases of disseminated hsv, without mucosal lesions, occurring in a heart and in a pancreatic transplant recipient, and implicate the allografts as the source of the virus. in both cases the recipients were seronegative pretransplant by complement fixation (less than 1:4), neutralization (less than 1:2), ... | 1989 | 2539664 |
| resistance of human blood monocytes to infection with herpes simplex virus. | human blood monocytes isolated by centrifugal elutriation were resistant to infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv). in vitro cultivation for several days resulted in a stepwise increase of virus yield. similar amounts of virus absorbed to fresh and cultured monocytes. no viral dna was associated with the nuclear fraction of freshly isolated monocytes early after infection indicating that early steps of virus infection were already inhibited in resistant cells. this argues against hsv i ... | 1989 | 2539701 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 dna polymerase. mechanism of inhibition by acyclovir triphosphate. | acyclovir triphosphate (acvtp) was a substrate for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna polymerase and was rapidly incorporated into a synthetic template-primer designed to accept either dgtp or acvtp followed by dctp. hsv-1 dna polymerase was not inactivated by acvtp, nor was the template-primer with a 3'-terminal acyclovir monophosphate moiety a potent inhibitor. potent inhibition of hsv-1 dna polymerase was observed upon binding of the next deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphate coded by the temp ... | 1989 | 2540193 |
| altered in vitro uptake of e-5-2-125iodovinyl-2'-deoxyuridine following administration of the antineoplastic agent etoposide. | the semi-synthetic epipodophyllotoxin derivative, etoposide (vp-16-213), has been shown to inhibit nucleoside uptake in mammalian cells. the present study examined whether etoposide (or the solvent in which it is usually supplied) affected the uptake of the radioiodinated antiviral nucleoside analogue e-5-2-125iodovinyl-2'-deoxyuridine (125ivdu) by hsv1-infected cells (human herpesvirus 1; herpesvirus simplex type 1). etoposide was found to significantly reduce 125ivdu sequestration, although so ... | 1989 | 2540518 |
| mutational analysis of the herpes simplex virus trans-inducing factor vmw65. | vmw65 is a structural component of herpes simplex virus which, in conjunction with host factors, trans-activates the expression of the viral immediate-early genes. in order to examine the relationship between the primary structure of vmw65 and its trans-activating function, we generated in-frame insertion, deletion, and nonsense mutations in a cloned copy of the gene. the ability of the mutant polypeptides to function as transcriptional activators was assessed by transient transfection of vero c ... | 1989 | 2541050 |
| antiviral activity of a novel recombinant human interferon-alpha b/d hybrid. | the antiviral potential of a novel cross-species active, recombinant human interferon-alpha b/d hybrid (rhuifn-alpha b/d), was evaluated for its efficiacy in cultured human monocytes and in several murine models of viral disease. when examined in 14-day-old human monocyte cultures, rhuifn-alpha b/d was highly effective in preventing viral replication and cell destruction caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1/vr3). the effect observed with 100 units of this hybrid ifn was as good or higher ... | 1989 | 2541210 |
| a viable hsv-1 mutant deleted in two nonessential major glycoproteins. | a hsv-1 recombinant lacking the two major glycoproteins gc and ge was isolated from cells co-infected with mutants negative for only one of these glycoproteins. the deletions of the appropriate genes were shown to be the same as on the respective parental genomes. in cell culture, the gc/ge minus recombinant virus replicated to titers similar to those obtained with the gc minus parental strain. | 1989 | 2541542 |
| transcriptional activation with concurrent or nonconcurrent template replication has differential effects on transient expression from herpes simplex virus promoters. | we have used two methods to induce template replication in order to assess the effect on expression of marker genes controlled by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) promoters. one method used the hsv-1 origin of dna replication from the short repeat region of the viral genome (hsv-1 oris), and allowed simultaneous replication and transcriptional activation of the plasmid-borne template. the other, using the simian virus 40 origin of replication (sv40 ori) allowed plasmid template replication pr ... | 1989 | 2541559 |
| nucleotide sequence of the thymidine kinase gene of a new strain of herpes simplex virus type 1. | the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the thymidine kinase gene of a new strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 is reported in comparison with the published sequences for three other strains. the primary gene structure is shown to be highly conserved. changes normally occur at the same positions in the protein molecule and are not distinctive of any specific strain since they can be found in each one of them. however, a unique substitution takes place in our strain at amino acid posit ... | 1989 | 2541562 |
| reconstitution of herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleotide reductase activity from the large and small subunits. | an assay for the presence of functional large (rr1) and small (rr2) subunits of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ribonucleotide reductase has been developed. the system utilizes two temperature-sensitive mutants, ts1207, which has a lesion in rr1, and ts1222, which has a lesion in rr2. in cells infected with ts1207 at 39.5 degrees c, the defective rr1 is unable to associate with rr2 to form an active enzyme, and, as a result, a pool of functional rr2 and defective rr1 accumulates. evidenc ... | 1989 | 2541563 |
| effect of recombinant hybrid human interferon on replication and morphogenesis of hsv-1 in monkey cells. | human recombinant alpha interferon, a/d, significantly reduced the replication and cell fusion induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 in monkey cells. thin-section electron microscopy of interferon-treated monkey cells showed distinct assembly of nucleocapsids within the nucleus. analysis of virus-specific proteins by the immunoblot technique confirmed that a/d interferon had no significant effect on the expression of major nucleocapsid proteins, although the expression of glycoproteins b and d ... | 1989 | 2541580 |
| organotropism of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 is correlated to the presence of a 1.5 kb rna transcript mapped within the bamhi dna fragment b (0.738 to 0.809 map units). | the transcriptional activity of the dna sequences within the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) at the coordinates 0.760 to 0.762 and their influence in the process of viral latency were investigated. seven avirulent hsv-1 strains (hfem, 1752/2, 1752/3, 1752/11, 1469, 1475, 1618), two virulent wild-type hsv-1 strains (f and 17) and three virulent intratypic hsv-1 recombinant viruses (r19, r26, rm1c1) were screened. the virulent hsv-1 strains colonize the ganglia but the avirulent viru ... | 1989 | 2541581 |
| mode of action of 9-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylbut-1-yl)guanine (brl 39123) against herpes simplex virus in mrc-5 cells. | the metabolism and mode of action of 9-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylbut-1-yl)guanine (brl 39123) were studied in herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected and uninfected mrc-5 cells and compared with those of acyclovir. in uninfected cells incubated with 10 microm acyclonucleoside for 4 h, no phosphorylation of either brl 39123 or acyclovir was detected. in contrast, in hsv-1-infected cells, both brl 39123 and acyclovir were phosphorylated up to the triphosphate esters. phosphorylation of brl 39 ... | 1989 | 2541655 |
| analysis of unselected hsv-1 mckrae/hsv-2 hg 52 recombinants demonstrates preferential recombination between intact genomes and restriction endonuclease fragments containing an origin of replication. | to identify viral genes involved in reactivation of herpes simplex virus from latency, intertypic hsv-1 strain mckrae/hsv-2 strain hg 52 recombinants were selected following cotransfection of intact mckrae dna and xbai or hpai cleaved hg 52 dna. eleven separately obtained recombinants containing hg 52 inserts between 0.35-0.56 and/or 0.82-1.0 map units (mu) were isolated. it was noted that with hpai digested hg 52 dna, only recombinants containing type 2 inserts from hpai d (0.35-0.57) and/or co ... | 1989 | 2541672 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcripts are evidently not essential for latent infection. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) transcripts that can be detected during latent infection by northern blot analysis in human and experimental animal sensory ganglia are encoded by diploid genes. to investigate their role in latent infection we studied hsv-1 variant 1704, which has deleted most of the irl copy of the coding region of these rnas and has a 1.2-kb deletion that is immediately upstream of the coding region of the trl copy. during primary infection, 1704 replicated in trigemina ... | 1989 | 2542019 |
| slight changes in conditions influence the family of non-b-dna conformations of the herpes simplex virus type 1 dr2 repeats. | the segment inversion site of herpes simplex virus type 1 contains a series of tandem repeats with a purine bias on one strand and high g + c content (dr2 repeats) capable of adopting a non-b-dna structure under a variety of conditions. plasmids carrying eight contiguous copies of dr2 sequences undergo a series of supercoil-driven conformational transitions resulting in different extents of relaxation at ph 5.0. these transitions depend on the presence of an appropriate concentration of divalent ... | 1989 | 2542269 |
| serum iga antibodies in hsv asymptomatic genital infections. | cervico-vaginal swabs and serum samples from 81 women without herpes-associated clinical symptoms were examined for virus isolation and for the presence of iga antibodies to herpes simplex virus (hsv) using the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. nineteen of the 81 women were followed up for 2 years. blood samples and swabs from cutaneous lesions were obtained from another group of 20 women (medical staff) with herpes labialis. by analysing the specific anti-hsv iga antibodies, a higher geo ... | 1989 | 2542431 |
| dna binding by the herpes simplex virus type 1 icp4 protein is necessary for efficient down regulation of the icp0 promoter. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 icp4 and icp0 polypeptides are immediate-early proteins that positively and negatively regulate expression of other viral genes in trans. icp4 has recently been shown to bind dna bearing the consensus sequence 5'-atcgtcnnnn(t/c)cg(a/g)c-3', present upstream of a number of viral genes. to test the hypothesis that this dna-binding activity is involved in icp4-mediated gene regulation, site-specific mutagenesis was employed to mutate the version of this sequence in t ... | 1989 | 2542567 |
| icp4-binding sites in the promoter and coding regions of the herpes simplex virus gd gene contribute to activation of in vitro transcription by icp4. | the herpes simplex virus immediate-early gene product icp4 activates the transcription of viral early and late genes. we characterized the dna sequence elements of the early glycoprotein d (gd) gene that play a role in the response to icp4 in vitro. using gel mobility shift assays and dnase i footprinting, we identified three icp4-binding sites, two 5' to the mrna start site and a third within the coding region. site ii, which gave a footprint between nucleotides -75 and -111 relative to the rna ... | 1989 | 2542568 |
| overlapping octamer and taatgarat motifs in the vf65-response elements in herpes simplex virus immediate-early promoters represent independent binding sites for cellular nuclear factor iii. | expression of the immediate-early (ie) genes of herpes simplex virus (hsv) is specifically stimulated by a 65-kilodalton virion transcription factor (vf65 or vp16) that is introduced as a component of infecting virions. in both the ie175(icp4) and ie110(icp0) promoters, this activation requires an upstream cis-acting target response element that contains a single taatgarat consensus element. furthermore, many hsv ie taatgarat elements overlap with atgctaat octamer motifs that are similar to the ... | 1989 | 2542590 |
| latency-associated transcript but not reactivatable virus is present in sensory ganglion neurons after inoculation of thymidine kinase-negative mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1. | the presence of herpes simplex virus (hsv) latency-associated transcript (lat) was investigated in sensory ganglion neurons of mice after inoculation with thymidine kinase (tk) mutants of hsv. ganglion serial sections were examined in order to quantitate numbers of lat-positive neurons. after inoculation with tk-positive hsv, virus was isolated during latency from explants of most ganglia, and lat was detected by in situ hybridization in 96% of ganglia. after inoculation with hsv tk mutants, vir ... | 1989 | 2542595 |
| aphidicolin resistance in herpes simplex virus type 1 appears to alter substrate specificity in the dna polymerase. | we describe novel mutants of herpes simplex virus which are resistant to aphidicolin. their mutant phenotypes suggest that they encode dna polymerases with altered substrate recognition. this conclusion is based on their abnormal sensitivity to polymerase inhibitors and to the abnormal mutation rates exhibited by two of the mutants. | 1989 | 2542598 |
| a deletion mutant of the latency-associated transcript of herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivates from the latent state with reduced frequency. | we have generated and characterized a deletion mutant of herpes simplex virus type-1, dllat1.8, which lacks the putative promoter region, transcriptional start site, and 1,015 base pairs of the dna sequences specifying the latency-associated transcripts (lats). when tested in a cd-1 mouse ocular model, dllat1.8 was replication competent in the eye and in ganglia during acute infection but reactivated from explant cultures of ganglia with reduced efficiency (49%) relative to those of wild-type an ... | 1989 | 2542601 |
| antigen-presenting liposomes are effective in treatment of recurrent herpes simplex virus genitalis in guinea pigs. | the therapeutic and immunologic effects of a liposome preparation containing both a macrophage activator, muramyl-tripeptide-phosphatidylethanolamine, and a recombinant antigen, glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1, have been investigated. this preparation was tested in vitro for the ability to stimulate peripheral blood lymphocytes and in vivo for the control of recurrent herpes genitalis in guinea pigs. our results show that the liposome-antigen-adjuvant preparation is capable of enha ... | 1989 | 2542605 |
| [structure and functional analysis of genomes of herpesviruses: herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2)]. | | 1989 | 2542648 |
| [chemotherapy to thymidine kinase producing virus (hsv-1, hsv-2, vzv) infection]. | | 1989 | 2542661 |
| the nucleotide sequence of a pseudorabies virus gene similar to icp18.5 of herpes simplex virus type 1. | | 1989 | 2542904 |
| delineation of regulatory domains of early (beta) and late (gamma 2) genes by construction of chimeric genes expressed in herpes simplex virus 1 genomes. | the expression of the gamma 2 class of viral genes in cells infected with herpes simplex virus 1 requires viral dna synthesis and functional viral products made earlier in infection. to identify the sequences required for gamma 2 gene expression, we constructed recombinant viruses in which regions of the thymidine kinase gene (tk), a beta gene normally expressed early in infection, were replaced by specific domains of a gamma 2 gene. the phenotypic attributes examined were (i) sensitivity or res ... | 1989 | 2542962 |
| replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 in differentiated human promyelocytic hl-60 cells. | the capability of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), strain angelotti (ang), to replicate in human promyelocytic hl-60 cells treated with 1,2-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (tpa) and dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) was examined. virus titrations and infectious center assays revealed that hsv-1 ang replicated in nontreated hl-60 cells and in hl-60 cells treated with tpa. an abortive infection was observed in dmso-stimulated hl-60 cells. viral dna synthesis was detected in nontreated and tpa-treated ... | 1989 | 2543125 |
| herpes simplex virus alpha protein icp27 can inhibit or augment viral gene transactivation. | three of the five alpha (immediate early) gene products of herpes simplex virus, infected cell proteins (icps) 4, 0, and 27 play a role in the control of expression of viral beta (delayed-early) and gamma (late) genes. we report here that icp27 can inhibit or augment the individual or combined abilities of icp4 and icp0 to stimulate expression of chimeric genes containing viral gene promoters in a transient expression system. the specific effect of icp27 was dependent on the viral gene promoter ... | 1989 | 2543126 |
| nucleotide sequence of the marek's disease virus (mdv) rb-1b a antigen gene and the identification of the mdv a antigen as the herpes simplex virus-1 glycoprotein c homologue. | the a antigen gene from a very virulent strain of marek's disease virus, rb-1b, has been cloned and the nucleotide sequence determined. the predicted amino acid sequence showed 99% identity to that determined for the mdv ga a antigen (coussens and velicer, j. virol. 62, 2373-2379, 1988) over all but the carboxy-terminal region where the sequence diverged extensively. the divergence results from three nucleotide frameshifts in the reported sequence of the mdv ga gene which are not present in a cl ... | 1989 | 2543160 |
| orofacial infection of athymic mice with defined mixtures of acyclovir-susceptible and acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1. | infection of athymic mice with defined populations of acyclovir-susceptible (thymidine kinase [tk]-positive) and acyclovir-resistant (tk-deficient or tk-altered) herpes simplex virus type 1 strains was used to simulate herpetic skin disease of the immunocompromised host. in vitro characterization of the defined virus mixtures revealed that the dye uptake method was quite sensitive in the detection of small amounts (3 to 9%) of acylovir-resistant virus. mice infected with homogeneous virus popula ... | 1989 | 2543278 |
| anti-herpes simplex virus activity of 5-substituted 2-pyrimidinone nucleosides. | several 5-substituted 2-pyrimidinone 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (pdr) analogs were examined for their anti-herpes simplex virus (hsv) activity in cell culture. the order of potency of their antiviral activities against hsv type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 was iodo pdr approximately ethynyl pdr approximately propynyl pdr. the antiviral action of iodo pdr is dependent on the ability of hsv to induce virus-specified thymidine kinase in infected cells. several hsv-1 variants with altered thymidine kinase change ... | 1989 | 2543279 |
| comparison of two methods in the determination of the sensitivity of 84 herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 and 2 clinical isolates to acyclovir and alpha-interferon. | two methods, the colorimetric method (neutral red dye uptake), and dna hybridization using a hsv thymidine kinase gene probe (tk) have been used to examine the sensitivity of 84 herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 and 2 clinical isolates to two antiviral drugs, acyclovir (acv) and alpha-interferon (alpha-ifn). using the colorimetric method, hsv isolates had ed50s ranging from 0.03 +/- 0.02 micrograms/ml to 0.164 +/- 0.03 micrograms/ml for acv and 6.3 +/- 5.2 iu/ml to 55.0 +/- 11.4 iu/ml for alpha- ... | 1989 | 2543287 |
| lithium chloride restores host protein synthesis in herpes simplex virus-infected endothelial cells. | in previous studies we have shown that herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection suppresses host-cell protein synthesis in human endothelial cells (ec). it has been demonstrated that lithium salts prevent viral replication in hsv-1 infected cells. in the present study, we have measured host-cell protein synthesis in hsv-1 infected ec in the presence or absence of 20 and 30 mm licl. although licl restored synthesis of almost all host-cell proteins, [35s]methionine incorporation was most prono ... | 1989 | 2543386 |
| chorioretinal disease patterns in congenic mice following intraocular inoculation with hsv-1. | disease patterns and immunologic parameters were studied employing inbred and igh-1 disparate congenic mice to determine the role of host genetics and igh-1-linked gene products in the von szily model of viral chorioretinitis. following intracameral inoculation of 1.5 x 10(4) pfu hsv-1 (kos), 100% of balb/c (igh-1a), 62% of a/j (igh-1e) and none of the c57bl/6j (igh-1b) inbred mice developed contralateral necrotizing chorioretinitis. multigenic differences between inbred mice prohibit conclusion ... | 1989 | 2543649 |
| coevolution of virulent virus and resistant cells as a mechanism of persistence of herpes simplex virus type 1 in a human t lymphoblastoid cell line. | infection of the lymphoblastoid cem cell line with herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 results in a persistent infection with production of infectious virus. evidence suggests that the persistent infection was not maintained by interferon or non-interferon-soluble antiviral inhibitors. treatment of persistently infected cells with anti-hsv serum (termed cemacr cells) or elevated temperature (39 degrees c) for 14 days (termed cemtcr cells) resulted in loss of evidence of virus. hsv dna was not dete ... | 1989 | 2543740 |
| expression of the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus by infectious adenovirus vectors. | we have constructed recombinant human adenovirus (ad) vectors containing the glycoprotein gene of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). the structural gene of the vsv glycoprotein was modified by the addition of promoter and poly(a) addition sequences from the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (tk) gene and inserted, in either orientation, into early region 3 (e3) of human ad type 5. the recombinant vectors were fully infectious and replicated in hela cells in culture. the tk promoter was ... | 1989 | 2543746 |
| complementation of a herpes simplex virus type 1 vmw110 deletion mutant by human cytomegalovirus. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) mutant dl1403 contains a 2 kb deletion within the sequences encoding the immediate early polypeptide vmw110. previous experiments showed that although dl1403 exhibits normal patterns of gene expression following infection at an m.o.i. of 5 p.f.u./cell its growth and plaquing efficiency are impaired in low multiplicity infections, particularly in human foetal lung (hfl) cells. we have now investigated the ability of two other human herpesviruses, varicella- ... | 1989 | 2543754 |
| mild acidic ph inhibition of the major pathway of herpes simplex virus entry into hep-2 cells. | penetration of the kos strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and the ms and 333 strains of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) into hep-2 cells at ph 6.3 was at least 100-fold less efficient than at ph 7.4. penetration of two low passage clinical isolates was completely blocked at ph 6.3. the syncytium-forming hsv-1 strains gc and mp were less sensitive than kos to the mild acidic conditions. the inhibition was completely reversed upon neutralization of the medium. penetration was assaye ... | 1989 | 2543762 |
| the role of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase in pathogenesis. | a genetically engineered herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)thymidine kinase (tk) deletion mutant has been constructed and used to investigate the role of this gene in pathogenesis. inoculation of mice with the hsv tk deletion mutant resulted in the establishment of latent ganglionic infection as demonstrated by superinfection of explanted ganglia with wild-type (wt) virus but not by routine explant culture suggesting that the virus-encoded tk is not essential for the establishment of latent inf ... | 1989 | 2543763 |
| intracellular distribution of the la antigen in cv-1 cells after herpes simplex virus type 1 infection compared with the localization of u small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. | the la antigen is known to associate, at least transiently, with a series of small nuclear and cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein particles (snrnps and scrnps), e.g. u1 and u6 snrnps. in cv-1 cells a monoclonal antibody (mab), directed against the la protein (la1b5), immunostained intranuclear speckles. these speckles were found to co-localize with speckles that were stained by mabs directed against either all u snrnps or only against u1 snrnps. two h after infection of cv-1 cells with herpes simplex ... | 1989 | 2543764 |
| construction and characterization of herpes simplex virus type 1 mutants with defined lesions in immediate early gene 1. | transcription from the early and late classes of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) promoters requires prior immediate early (ie) gene expression. although the product of ie gene 1, vmw110, is not absolutely essential for virus growth in tissue culture, transfection experiments have demonstrated that vmw110 can activate gene expression both by itself and in a synergistic manner with the product of ie gene 3, vmw175. this paper describes the construction of 10 mutant hsv-1 viruses with delet ... | 1989 | 2543774 |
| herpes simplex virus causes amplification of recombinant plasmids containing simian virus 40 sequences. | simian virus 40 (sv40) dna, inserted into a plasmid vector, does not replicate when transfected into baby hamster kidney cells. however, when the recipient cells are superinfected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), extensive amplification of the introduced plasmid occurs. deletion of the late sv40 region or part of the coding sequences of the small tumour (t) antigen has no effect on the efficiency of amplification, whereas manipulations affecting either the sv40 origin of replication or ... | 1989 | 2543782 |
| evaluation of antiviral immunity using vaccinia virus recombinants expressing cloned genes for herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins. | immunization of mice with vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the glycoproteins b or d of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) induced humoral antibody as well as multiple aspects of hsv-1-specific t lymphocyte-mediated responses. however, vaccinated mice were not completely resistant to hsv-1 challenge and were unable to eliminate an epithelial infection rapidly. evidence is presented which indicates that immunization with either vaccinia virus recombinant, while inducing the necessary protec ... | 1989 | 2543783 |
| the effect of bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoproteins gi and giii on herpesvirus infections. | we expressed the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) glycoproteins, gi and giii, in bovine cells using a bovine papillomavirus vector. the proteins expressed by these cells had the same mr as the native bhv-1 proteins and monoclonal antibodies detected no differences in their antigenic structure. cells expressing gi were infected with either bhv-1 or herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). the number of plaques in gi-expressing cells was similar to that seen with normal fibroblasts infected with bhv- ... | 1989 | 2543789 |
| the central segment of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein c (gc) is not involved in c3b binding: demonstration by using monoclonal antibodies and recombinant gc expressed in escherichia coli. | three monoclonal antibodies (mabs) have been raised against cell membrane-derived herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein c (gc-1). by using different dna constructs of gc-1 expressed in escherichia coli the sites recognized by these antibodies could be assigned to a peptide in the more hydrophobic and probably non-glycosylated middle third of the gc-1 molecule. this peptide segment corresponds to a 571 bp segment on the gc-1 gene located between the ncoi and the nrui restriction sites. none of ... | 1989 | 2543790 |