| proceedings: immunization against marek's disease using virus specific antigens free from infectious virus. | | 1975 | 169863 |
| steroid-receptor quantitation and characterization by electrophoresis in highly cross-linked polyacrylamide gels. | conditions for discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have been defined in which progesterone receptors of chick oviduct cytosol and a variety of steroid-binding proteins from other sources are stable and amenable to quantitative analysis. the essential modifications from standard procedures include the use of (1) separation gels in which the cross-linking agent/acrylamide monomer = 15:85, (2) glycerol (10% v/v) in all phases of the trisglycine-hcl buffer system (ph 10.2 in the separat ... | 1975 | 169895 |
| quantitative demonstration of the reciprocity of ligand effects in the ternary complex of chicken heart lactate dehydrogenase with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxalate. | the reciprocity of effects of two ligands simultaneously bound to a protein as a ternary complex may be proven by measurements of four standard free energies of binding. two of these are for the binding of each ligand in the absence of the other, and the other two for the binding of each ligand in the presence of saturating amounts of the other (conditional free energies). these four quantities have been measured for the complexes of oxalate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide with chick heart ... | 1975 | 169896 |
| the effect of antiestrogens on egg yolk protein synthesis and estrogen-binding to chromatin in the rooster liver. | nafoxidine and ci-628, two well known antiestrogenic compounds, reduce the stimulating effect of estradiol on the estrogen-binding capacity of the liver chromatin from roosters. in vitro both antiestrogens compete with [3h]estradiol for the binding sites on the liver chromatin. they inhibit the estrogen-induced synthesis of egg yolk proteins (vitellogenin) and fail to induce this estrogen-specific protein synthesis by themselves. they show the ability, however, to increase the estrogen-binding s ... | 1975 | 169904 |
| an analysis of the binding of the chick oviduct progesterone-receptor to chromatin. | the binding of progesterone-receptor complexes to chromatin from target and nontarget tissues was studied in vitro. chromatin from both target and nontarget tissues responds in a similar manner to saly and cofactors and has the same k(d) (approx. 3.10(-9) m) for the progesterone-receptor complex. the only observed difference in the binding of the progesterone-receptor complex to target and nontarget chromatins is the difference in total number of acceptor sites. oviduct chromatin has approx. 130 ... | 1975 | 169905 |
| fish gonadotropin(s). ii. isolation of gonadotropin(s) from chum salmon pituitary glands using affinity chromatography. | a highly purified gonadotropic hormone preparation has been obtained from chum salmon (oncorhynchus keta) pituitaries by extraction with ethanolic or aqueous buffer, affinity chromatography on con a sepharose and gel filtration on sephadex g-75 superfine. a purified fraction from sephadex g-75 averaged 448 mug nih-lh-s18/mg glycoprotein as measured by the uptake of radiophosphate into chick testes. a total of 1.1 g of salmon gonadotropin (s) (sg)/kg fresh tissue was recovered when the isolation ... | 1975 | 170056 |
| human prolyl hydroxylase. purification, partial characterization and preparation of antiserum to the enzyme. | prolyl hydroxylase was purified from human foetal skin and from a mixture of human foetal tissues by the affinity chromatography procedure using poly(l-proline). the enzyme from both sources was pure, when examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, as a native protein or in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate, and enzyme activity recovery varied from 38% to 70% with seven enzyme preparations. the enzyme synthesized from 61.0 mumol to 82.7 mumol hydroxyproline mg protein-1 h-1 degrees c w ... | 1975 | 170109 |
| oestrogen receptors in chick oviduct. characterization and subcellular distribution. | macromolecular components with properties of oestrogen receptors have been identified in the 0.5 m kcl nuclear soluble, the nuclear insoluble and the cytosol fractions of laying hen and immature (2--4 weeks, untreated by hormone) chicken oviduct. 7n the 0.5 m kcl extract of laying hen oviduct nuclei, a receptor, of protein nature according to the effects of enzymic treatments, has been identified. it exhibits high affinity for oestradiol with an apparent equilibrium association constant ka = 4 - ... | 1975 | 170115 |
| enzyme activities and distributions following denervation of anterior and posterior latissimus dorsi muscles. | | 1975 | 170121 |
| effect to tween 80 and aquasol a on virus plaque formation. | the enhancement of vesicular stomatitis virus plaques on human embryonic lung cells in the presence of tween 80 or aquasol a was studied to determine the optimal conditions for the enhancement. enhanced numbers and sizes of vesicular stomatitis virus plaques occurred when aquasol a or tween 80 was added to the cell culture 30 min before virus adsorption but not when added after adsorption. these substances did not have a direct effect on the virus and did not have an effect on virus adsorption o ... | 1975 | 170202 |
| immunization against marek's disease using marek's disease virus-specific antigens free from infectious virus. | immunity against marek's disease was conferred by the use of non-infectious materials extracted with non-ionic detergents from cells infected with the attenuated strain of marek's disease virus (mdv). antibody-free rhode island red chicks were inoculated at 1 week of age with cell extracts emulsified in freund's complete adjuvant and were given a second inoculation 1 week later without adjuvant. protection against natural infection was obtained in groups inoculated with both soluble (not sedimen ... | 1975 | 170213 |
| the sequence of a peptide containing the active site phosphohistidine residue of phosphoglycerate mutase from chicken breast muscle. | phosphoglycerate mutase is phosphorylated on a histidine residue by the cofactor of the reaction, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (rose, z. b. (1970) arch. biochem. biophys. 140, 508-513). the phosphoryl group is readily transferred to the normal acceptors, 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate, or to water in the presence of glycolate-2-p. an acid-labile phosphorylated decapeptide has been purified from a tryptic digest of the phosphoenzyme. the amino acid sequence of the peptide has been determine ... | 1975 | 170278 |
| glycogen metabloism in the developing chick glycogen body: functional significance of the direct oxidative pathway. | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphatase were quantitatively determined for the first time in glycogen body tissue from late embryonic and neonatal chicks. for comparative purposes, the activities of these enzymes were examined also in liver and skeletal muscle from pre- and post-hatched chicks. the present data show that both the embryonic and neonatal glycogen body lack glucose-6-phosphatase, but contain relatively high levels of glucose-6- ... | 1975 | 170359 |
| differential induction of tumour antigens by transformation-defective virus mutants. | normal rat kidney cells infected by a variety of transformation-defective temperature-sensitive avian leukosis sarcoma virus mutants were tested for the expression of transformation characteristics at permissive and restrictive temperature. morphology, growth behaviour and agglutinability by concanavalin a corresponded fully to the phenotype of the infected cells: at permissive temperature the cells resembled wild type virus transformed cells, whereas when grown under restrictive conditions they ... | 1975 | 170367 |
| presence of chicken cell surface antigen on rous virus activated in heterokaryons of transformed non-permissive hamster cells and chicken cells. | incubation with antiserum to chick embryo (ce) cells, in the presence of complement, inactivates rous sarcoma virus (rsv) produced by heterokaryons formed by non-permissive rsv-transformed hamster cells and ce cells as well as rsv produced by heterokaryons is observed following incubation with antiserum to the transformed hamster cells, plus complement. hence, the envelope of rsv activated in heterokaryons, as that of rsv produced by ce cells, must contain a surface antigen of the ce cell, and t ... | 1975 | 170372 |
| haemagglutination by avian infectious bronchitis virus-a coronavirus. | the haemagglutinating ability of three strains of ibv was investigated. it was shown that whereas strain beaudette had no detectable haemagglutinin, both connecticut and massachusetts agglutinated red cells of various species. the haemagglutinin of connecticut was detectable after sucrose gradient purification whereas that of massachusetts required both the purification step and incubation with the enzyme phospholipase c to reveal it. the agglutination could be inhibited by specific antisera. so ... | 1975 | 170378 |
| comparative ultrastructural study of four reticuloendothelias viruses. | the morphology and development of four members of the reticuloendotheliosis virus group were studied by transmission electron microscopy. virions of duck spleen necrosis virus, duck infectious anemia virus, chicken syncytial virus, and reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t are sperical with a diameter of approximately 110 nm. they are covered with surface projections about 6 nm long and 10 nm in diameter. the center-to-center distance of surface projections is about 14 nm. the budding virions con ... | 1975 | 170410 |
| detection of type a oncornavirus-like structures in chicken embryo cells after infection with rous sarcoma virus. | electron microscopy examination of rous sarcoma virus-transformed chicken embryo cells revealed membrane-free nucleoids resembling type a oncornavirus. these particles were not detected in noninfected cells, nor did they accumulate in excess under conditions of glucosamine block in virus-transformed cultures. | 1975 | 170412 |
| acquisition of viral dna sequences in target organs of chickens infected with avian myeloblastosis virus. | the distribution of oncornavirus dna sequences in various tissues of normal chickens and of chickens with leukemia or kidney tumors induced by avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) was analyzed by dna-rna hybridization using 35s amv rna as a probe. all the tissues from normal chickens which were tested contained the same average cellular concentration of endogenous oncornavirus dna. in contrast, different tissues from lekemic chickens and from chickens bearing kidney tumors contained different concen ... | 1975 | 170415 |
| virion trascriptase activity differences in host range mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus. | three types of conditional lethal mutant were isolated from wild-type vesicular stomatitis virus, new jersey serotype, after mutagenization by 5-fluorouracil: (i) conventional temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants, which form plaques at 31 c but not at 39 c; (ii) conventional host range mutants (hr ce), which grow in bhk but not in secondary chicken embryo cells; and (iii) temperature-dependent host range mutants (td ce), which form plaques both at 31 and 39 c on bhk cells but only at 31 c on chick ... | 1975 | 170423 |
| intracellular localization of estrogens in chick liver: increase of the binding sites for the hormone on repeated treatment of the birds with the hormone. | | 1975 | 170473 |
| vaccination of young chickens with live vaccine against some new zealand isolates of infectious bronchitis virus. | | 1975 | 170569 |
| isolation of marek's disease virus from affected chickens. | | 1975 | 170571 |
| vaccination against herpes group viruses. | | 1975 | 170580 |
| in vitro translation of natural mrnas in a cell-free system containing components from interferon-treated chicken fibroblasts and factor preparations from mouse ascites cells or rabbit reticulocytes. | the effect of interferon has been studied in a mixed cell-free protein synthesizing system. hemoglobin (hb) and encephalomyocarditis virus (emc)-rna can be efficiently translated in vitro in a system containing s-30 lysates or run-off ribosomes from primary chick embryo fibroblasts (cef) and a postmicrosomal supernatant from mouse ascites cells or a ribosomal-wash preparation from rabbit reticulocytes. ribosomes prepared from cef pretreated with high doses of homologous interferon (500 units/ml) ... | 1975 | 170753 |
| chick muscle in tissue culture: the ubiquity of viral infection. | in chick skeletal muscle fibers cultured from embryos of commercially obtained "normal" eggs we have demonstrated numerous c-particles and large amounts of avian leucosis/sarcoma envelope antigen, especially when cultured in the presence of dinitrophenol. c-particles were present in t-tubules, which were possible intracellular viaducts of infection or dissemination and perhaps were the loci of receptors of viral invasion of the cytoplasm and sites of egress. the abundant lace-like membraneous pr ... | 1975 | 170776 |
| structural and growth characteristics of two avian reoviruses. | two virus strains which had been suspected to be the etiological agents of infectious bursitis (gumboro disease) and of inclusion body hepatitis of chickens were characterized by their morphology, their peptide composition and the segmented genome of their double-stranded rna to be typical reoviruses. although the 2 avian strains did not clearly differ in their serological behaviour, the size of some of their rna segments were not identical. both strains replicated in tissue cultures prepared fr ... | 1975 | 170888 |
| initial expression of the genes for fructose 1,6-diphosphatase, malic enzyme, and aspartate aminotransferase in japanese quail and chicken--quail hybrid embryos. | the initial appearance of a number of enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis was investigated in the early embryogenesis of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), the domestic chicken (gallus gallus domesticus), and chicken-quail hybrids. starch gel electrophoresis and enzyme-specific stains revealed genetic differences between muscle and liver fructose 1,6-diphosphatase (fdpase) as well as malic enzyme (me) and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (aat) isozymes of the two species. m ... | 1975 | 170909 |
| studies on sex-organ development. ontogeny of cytoplasmic oestrogen receptor in chick müllerian duct. | oestradiol receptors were observed in the cytoplasm of the chick müllerian duct at several embryonic stages. the sedimentation coefficients and the dissociation constants of the receptor protein remained unchanged throughout the various stages of development. specific binding of cytoplasmic receptor to [3h]oestradiol assayed in vitro was shown to be saturable at concentration of 10nm or higher. the number of oeastradiol-binding sites on a per-cell basis increased linearly from day 8 to day 12 of ... | 1975 | 170918 |
| marek's disease--the disease and its prevention by vaccination. | marek's disease (md) is a common lymphoproliferative disease of the domestic chicken caused by a cell associated herpesvirus. vaccines used for the prophylaxis of md have been derived from non-pathogenic field marek's disease virus (mdv), pathogenic mdv and the herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt). vaccines derived from mdv have been developed by attenuation of virus strains which produce the acute form of md and virus strains which produce the classical form. they have also been developed by suitable m ... | 1975 | 170953 |
| properties of rooster serum high density lipoproteins. | | 1975 | 170994 |
| response of renal calcium-binding protein. independence of kidney vitamin d hydroxylation. | dietary calcium and dietary phosphorus restriction were studied in chicks fed either cholecalciferol or 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol. intestinal calcium absorption and calcium-binding protein of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol-treated chicks remained unchanged under dietary calcium restriction, but increased under dietary phosphorus restriction. kidney calcium-binding protein was not altered by dietary caclium restriction in chidks treated with either cholecalciferol or 1alpha-hydroxycholecalcife ... | 1975 | 170995 |
| synaptic morphology of the carotid body of the domestic fowl. | efferent and reciprocal synapses have been demonstrated in the carotid body of the domestic fowl (gallus gallus domesticus). synapses were also found with purely afferent morphology, but were probably components of reciprocal synapses. the general morphology of the endings suggested the presence of two types of axon, afferent axons making reciprocal and perhaps afferent synapses with type i cells, and efferent axons making efferent synapses with type i cells. a few axo-dendritic synapses were al ... | 1975 | 171074 |
| comparison of vaccines against infectious bursal disease. | | 1975 | 171288 |
| effect of various concentrations of protein in chick diet upon the metabolic enzymes of glycine and serine. | the effect of feeding low protein diets with and without 2% glycine or 2% l-serine to chicks upon the enzymes concerned in the matabolism of glycine and serine has been determined. d-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.s), hosphoserine phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.3), and serine hydroxymethyltransferase (ec 2.1.2.1) activities were significantly increased in livers from chicks fed 75% protein diets as compared to liver enzyme activities from chicks fed either 24% chick starter, 2% or 25% protein ... | 1975 | 171639 |
| mercuric chloride effects on the activities of some hepatic enzymes in chicks. | three groups of 6 male chicks each were fed a commercial diet and were given drinking water which contained either 0, 150 or 300 mug. of mercury/ml. as mercuric chloride from hatching to 3 weeks of age. the chicks were killed, the livers were removed and weighed, and the activities of selected enzymes were measured in the 800 x gav supernatant fractions of the liver homogenates. liver weights were depressed from control values in chicks receiving 300 p.p.m. mercury but not in chicks receiving 15 ... | 1975 | 171640 |
| interchain disulfide bonds in procollagen are located in a large nontriple-helical cooh-terminal domain. | tadpole collagenase (ec 3.4.24.3) cleaved chick cranial bone procollagen into two triple-stranded fragments, pca and pcb. only pcb, with an estimated molecular weight of about 60,000 for each component chain after reduction, was found to contain interchain disulfide bonds. the analogous cleavage of collagen is known to produce a large nh2-terminal fragment with a molecular weight of 70,000 for each chain and a small cooh-terminal fragment containing chains of about 25,000 molecular weight. since ... | 1975 | 171650 |
| central role for magnesium in coordinate control of metabolism and growth in animal cells. | the rate of dna synthesis in cultures of chicken embryo fibroblasts is reduced by deprivation of serum, high population density, and other "physiological" effectors, through a reduction in the number of cells in the s-period of the cell cycle. the same effect can be produced by drastically reducing the concentration of mg++ added to the medium. this effect is erratic, however, and better control of [mg++] can be achieved with phosphorylated compounds which preferentially bind mg++. both atp and ... | 1975 | 171666 |
| relationship between a-type and c-type particles in cells infected by rous sarcoma virus. | chicken cells infected with avian rna tumor virus often contain small cytoplasmic a-type particles which commonly exist as clusters of 50--100 particles when viewed in thin sections. these particles were found more consistently in rous sarcoma virus-infected than rous-associated virus-infected cultures, but were generally present in only a small fraction of the total infected cells. the results of the survey of cells infected with various strains of leukosis-sarcoma viruses led to the hypothesis ... | 1975 | 171672 |
| organophosphorus and methyl carbamate insecticide teratogenesis: diminished nad in chicken embryos. | studies with 36 organophosphorus and 12 methyl carbamate compounds establish a correlation between reduction in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad) levels and severity of teratogenic signs in chicken embryos, a relation supported by reversal of these effects by nicotinamide derivatives. diminished nad occurring at organophosphorus and methyl carbamate concentrations as low as 0.6 to 2.0 parts per million in the egg constitutes a newly recognized biochemical lesion induced by the two most imp ... | 1975 | 171767 |
| [testing of the protective effect of cell-free lyophilized vaccine against marek's disease in field trials]. | the protective effect of a lyophilized vaccine against marek's disease ("keramvac"--pfizer), prepared from a cell-free turkey's herpesvirus (strain fc 126), was compared in field trials with losses in the group of non-vaccinated chickens. under the indicated conditions, the vaccine had only a 50.86% effectiveness. the possible causes of the reduced vaccination effect are discussed with regard to the pathomorphological and virological findings suggesting, among others, an increased incidence of t ... | 1975 | 171821 |
| letter: quantitation of antibodies to infectious bursal disease. | | 1975 | 171823 |
| [isolation and identification of a virus causing abortions and stillbirths in swine (preliminary report)]. | a virus of the rna type, having no lipid envelope, acid-fast and stable to heat, was isolated from an aborted fetus and from the kidney of a piglet of a lower viability at birth. it was readily cultured, multiplying quickly in primary cell cultures of pig kidney and in the spev cell line, producing a characteristic cytopathic effect. it gave no hemagglutination with human, chicken, and swine erythrocytes. serologically, it was identified as a swine enterovirus of serotype i, identical with the v ... | 1975 | 171825 |
| the role of the tvb locus in genetic resistance to rsv(rav-o). | | 1975 | 171832 |
| susceptibility and resistance of chicken macrophages to avian rna tumor viruses. | | 1975 | 171840 |
| [reactions of the thymus gland and bursa of fabricius to the administration of acth in ontogenic adrenal gland hypofunction]. | | 1975 | 171887 |
| effects of viruses on immune response. | | 1975 | 171931 |
| cell-to-cell attachments and associations in tumors induced by celo virus or virus-transformed cells in hamsters. | cell-to-cell attachments or associations in expermentally induced sarcoma of chicken embryo lethal orphan virus (avian adenovirus) origin were studied in hamsters by electron microscopic examination. in many instances, the neoplastic cells seemed to be held together either by desmosome-like structures or an "interlocking" of their apposing plasma membranes. less frequently, the cells were attached by button-like projections between the cell surfaces. only rarely, interdigitation occurred between ... | 1975 | 171984 |
| immunoglobulins and anti-marek's disease virus antibody synthesis in chickens after passive immunization with immunoglobulin y anti-marek's disease virus antibody. | the effect of passive immunization with immunoglobulin y (igy) antibody against marek's disease virus (mdv) was examined in mdv-susceptible chickens. the production of igy, immunoglobulin m, and probably also immunoglobulin a was depressed in passively immunized chickens when compared with that in mdv-exposed chickens which had not been given igy anti-mdv antibody. in passively immunized chickens, the synthesis of immunoglobulin m and igy anti-mdv antibodies in response to mdv infection also was ... | 1975 | 171985 |
| thermostability of duck hepatitis virus. | the comparative thermostability of 4 duck hepatitis (dh) viruses were tested at various temperatures for different times. titer of duckling-passaged, pathogenic dh virus decreased from 10(4.50) to 10(2.33) and 10(2.20) median infective doses (id50/0.1 ml, respectively, in 2 tests; titer of chicken embryo-passaged, nonpathogenic, but embryo-lethal, dh virus decreased from 10(6.00) to 10(0.46) and from 10(6.62) to 10(0.63) id50/0.1 ml, respectively; duck embryo fibroblast culture-passaged and duck ... | 1975 | 171986 |
| effects of ca2+ on the respiratory activity of chondrocyte mitochondria. | | 1975 | 172017 |
| proceedings: altered sensitivity of beta-adrenoceptor-mediated cyclic amp formation in brain. | | 1975 | 172180 |
| comparative enzymatic properties of avian liver and skeletal muscle d-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase. | the enzymatic properties of purified preparations of chicken liver and chicken skeletal muscle fructose bisphosphatases (d-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase, ec 3.1.3.11) were compared. both enzymes have an absolute requirement for mg2+ or mn2+. the apparent km for mgcl2 at ph 7.5 was 0.5 mm for the muscle enzyme and 5 mm for the liver enzyme. fructose bisphosphate inhibited both enzymes. at ph 7.5, the inhibitor constants (ki) were 0.18 and 1.3 mm for muscle and liver fructose bispho ... | 1975 | 172200 |
| [yaba 1--lednice 110 virus proliferation in chicken embryo (author's transl)]. | | 1975 | 172241 |
| the effects of a diphosphonate and dietary calcium on the metabolism of vitamin d3 (cholecalciferol) in the chick. | 1. vitamin d-deficient chicks, maintained on a diet adequate in calcium and treated with ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate for 2 days before a single oral dose of cholecalciferol (vitamin d3), converted the vitamin into 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol instead of into the normal metabolite 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. 2. this inhibition of the renal 1-hydroxylase disappeared on withdrawal of the diphosphonate. 3. kidneys from chicks given diphosphonate for 12 days converted 25-hydroxycholecalci ... | 1975 | 172277 |
| effects of pesticides and related compounds on steroid metabolism and function. | | 1975 | 172280 |
| leukemic transformation with avian myeloblastosis virus: present status. | | 1975 | 172289 |
| effects of detergents on virus- and chemically induced fusion of erythrocytes. | | 1975 | 172383 |
| effects of thiol reagents on virus- and chemically induced fusion of erythrocytes. | | 1975 | 172384 |
| [histological and histochemical studies on testis, epididymis and ductus defrens of the rooster (gallus domesticus)]. | testis, epididymis and ductus deferens of the adult domestic fowl and male gonads of juvenile roosters have been studied by means of histochemical and histological methods. testicular interstitial cells: according to enzyme-histochemical results oxidative energy production seems to be of minor importance. an extraordinarily high activity of lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase and esterases in the adult, esterases only in the immature) is observed. positive reactions of 3beta-steroid-dehydrogenas ... | 1975 | 172401 |
| immune response and the b blood group locus in chickens. | chickens of three blood group genotypes, b1b1, b1b2 and b1b19, were compared in their ability to produce antibodies. the b locus is the major histocompatibility locus in this species. homozygous b1 pullets had significantly higher adult mortality than did the b1 heterozygotes. in two separate experiments the b1b1 females produced significantly fewer antibodies to salmonella pullorum than did the b1 heterozygotes. also the b1b1 pullets responded with lower antibody titers following immunization w ... | 1975 | 172405 |
| insect cell culture: improved media and methods for initiating attached cell lines from the lepidoptera. | several cell lines from the pupae of the noctuid moth species spodoptera frugiperda, heliothis zea, and trichoplusia ni were isolated on a synthetic medium containing insect hemolymph and turkey serum. these lines were progressively adapted to improved media free of insect hemolymph but containing one or more of the following sera: turkey, chicken, and fetal calf. primary culture tissue disruption was improved by substituting collagenase for trypsin. primary culture survival was improved by cont ... | 1975 | 172433 |
| effect of cyclophosphamide on the response of chickens to a virulent strain of marek's disease virus. | the effect of cyclophosphamide on the pathogenesis of marek's disease was examined in a line of chickens which is relatively resistant to marek's disease. the injection of cyclophosphamide into newly hatched chickens delayed and reduced viremia and also reduced the development of marek's disease lesions until 2 weeks after exposure to marek's disease virus. the data indicate that a population of t cells susceptible to infection with virus and possibly viral transformation is affected by cyclopho ... | 1975 | 172451 |
| characteristics of infection by rsv. iii. duration of the latent period in unsynchronized chick embryo fibroblasts. | the duration of the latent period of rsv was studied in unsynchronized chicken cells using two methods. first, rav1-producing cells were infected with schmidt-ruppin strain of rous sarcoma virus (sr-rsv;subgroup d), and new virions of sr-rsv (subgroup a) produced after phenotypic mixing with rav1 were neutralized with an antiserum to rav1. secondly, uninfected chicken cells were infected with sr-rsv (d) in the presence of either arabionsylcytosine, actinomycin d or cycloheximide, to inhibit the ... | 1975 | 172471 |
| polypeptide and rna composition of the reticuloendotheliosis viruses. | the rna and polypeptide composition of chick syncytial virus (csv) and duck infectious anemia virus (diav) was investigated and compared to that of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) strain t, the prototype of the newly recognized rev group of viruses. csv and diav contain genomic rna species which cosediment with those of rev in sucrose gradients. five or six polypeptides, two of which are glycoproteins, were consistently found in csv and diav preparations. the major nonglycosylated polypeptides ... | 1975 | 172472 |
| septamycin, a polyether antibiotic. taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and characterization. | septamycin is a metal complexing polyether antibiotic produced by a strain of streptomyces hygroscopicus nrrl 5678. the metabolite, a monocarboxylic acid, was isolated as the sodium salt c48h81nao16. the crystal structure and absolute configuration were established by x-ray analysis of the p-bromophenacyl derivative. septamycin has a thirty-carbon backbone and contains seven heterocyclic rings. supported by direct comparison septamycin proved to be identical with antibiotic a28695 a isolated fro ... | 1975 | 172482 |
| structural requirements for the interaction of 1 alpha, 25-(oh) 2- vitiamin d3 with its chick interestinal receptor system. | the mechanism by which 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1alpha,25-(oh)2d3), the biologically active metabolite of cholecalciferol (vitamin d3), stimulates intestinal calcium absorption has been shown to involve an interaction of the steroid with a specific cytosol-chromatin receptor system in this target organ. thus, 1alpha,12(oh)2d3 binds to a specific cytoplasmic receptor protein and then, following a temperature-dependent step, becomes associated with a finite number of chromatin acceptor ... | 1975 | 172496 |
| responses of isolator-derived japanese quail and quail cell cultures to selected animal viruses. | thirteen oncogenic and necrotizing animal viruses were assayed in life sciences, inc. (lsi)-specific pathogen-free japanese quail and lsi-specific pathogen-free chicken embryo cell cultures. nine viruses produced similar titers in the quail and chicken cell systems, whereas four viruses showed significantly higher titers in chickens. young japanese quail and chickens were inoculated with five selected avain viruses and maintained in stainless-steel isolators. comparable responses were noted in q ... | 1975 | 172527 |
| ultrastructural visualization of virus-induced surface antigens. comparative studies of three immunohistochemical techniques. | three immunohistochemical techniques used for ultrastructural localization of cell surface antigens were compared with respect to ease of reagent preparation and qualitative aspects of cell surface staining. the techniques compared were: (a) ferritin-conjugated antibody, (b) "hybrid" antibody and (c) a modification of the "bridging" technique which employs soluble immune complexes. used in conjuction with strain mc29 avian oncornavirus-infected chick embryo cells and chicken antiviral immune ser ... | 1975 | 172555 |
| homology between avian oncornavirus rnas and dna from several avian species. | 3h-labeled 35s rna from avian myeloblastosis virus (amv), rous associated virus (rav)-0, rav-60, rav-61, rav-2, or b-77(w) was hybridized with an excess of cellular dna from different avian species, i.e., normal or leukemic chickens, normal pheasants, turkeys, japanese quails, or ducks. approximately two to three copies of endogenous viral dna were estimated to be present per diploid of normal chicken cell genome. in leukemic chicken myeloblasts induced by amv, the number of viral sequences appe ... | 1975 | 172655 |
| trna's associated with the 70s rna of avian myeloblastosis virus. | the distribtuion of various amino acid trna's in the 4s rna components of avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) and in 4s rna prepared from chicken cmbryo cells, chicken myeloblasts, and chicken livers was determined. this was done by aminoacylating the 4s rna samples with a mixture of 17 radioactive amino acids and subsequently identifying the trna-accepted amino acids on an amino acid analyzer after deacylation. in embryo cells, myeloblasts, and liver, trna's accepting all 1m amino acids were demon ... | 1975 | 172660 |
| characterization of "pasteurella" piscicida isolated from white perch and cultivated yellowtail. | the morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of twelve "pasteurella" piscicida strains isolated from white perch and yellowtail are described and the present uncertain taxonomic status of the organisms is discussed. the organisms isolated were gram-negative rods showing bipolar staining and pleomorphism. no spores or flagella were observed. they were non motile and viscid colonies were formed. growth was observed in a temperature range of 20 to 30 c and the salinity range of ... | 1975 | 172679 |
| morphological response of maternal antibody-negative chickens infected with marek's disease virus (mdv), herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) and both viruses. | | 1975 | 172684 |
| cytopathology in viral diseases. | | 1975 | 172783 |
| characterisation of the adrenoceptor mediating changes in cyclic adenosine 3'-5' monophosphate in chick cerebral hemispheres. | noradrenaline, adrenaline, isoprenaline and salbutamol induced marked accumulations of cyclic amp in incubated slices of chick cerebral hemispheres. isoprenaline was both more potent and more powerful than adrenaline or noradrenaline and the increase in cyclic amp elicited by the catecholamines was powerfully antagonized by the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol but not by the alphapadrenoceptor blocker phentolamine. the order of potency of the catecholamines isoprenaline greater than adre ... | 1975 | 172806 |
| neoplasms of cats caused by oncornaviruses. | | 1975 | 172836 |
| effects of estrogen on gene expression in chick oviduct: nuclear receptor levels and initiation of transcription. | estrogen (diethylstilbesterol) was administered in vivo to chicks for various time periods. chromatin was then prepared from oviduct nuclei and assayed for its capacity to support initiation of rna chain synthesis in vitro in the presence of saturating levels of escherichia coli rna polymerase (rna nucleotidyltransferase; nucleosidetriphosphate:rna nucleotidyltransferase; ec 2.7.7.6). these same nuclei were also assayed by a [3h]estradiol exchange assay for their endogenous receptor content. the ... | 1975 | 172899 |
| rous sarcoma virus activates embryonic globin genes in chicken fibroblasts. | complementary dna (cdna) specific for chick globin mrna sequences fails to hybridize to total rna extracted from chicken fibroblasts. after infection by rous sarcoma virus, rna complementary to globin cdna is detectable in 100-500 copies per cell. infection of fibroblasts with the transformation defective (td) deletion mutant of rous sarcoma virus leads to normal virus production, but not to host cell transformation or accumulation of rna sequences complementary to globin cdna. our evidence show ... | 1975 | 172910 |
| structural and functional characteristics of membrane fractions from cardiomyopathic and dystrophic muscle. | subcellular fractions from ventricular muscle of the cardiomyopathic syrian hamster and breast muscle from the dystrophic chicken were prepared by zonal centrifugation in sucrose gradients. this tenchnique permitted the analysis of a wide spectrum of subcellular particles prior to sedimentation, thus avoiding loss of activity through particle clumping. substantial differences in the distribution of beta-glucuronidase and p-nitrophenyl-phosphatase in zonal fractions from myopathic and control tis ... | 1975 | 172989 |
| (3h)-estradiol binding by chick liver nuclear extracts: mechanism of increase in binding following estradiol injection. | specific high affinity binding of [3h]-estradiol by 0.5 m kcl extracts of chick liver nuclei is substantially increased by estradiol injection of the immature chick. the effect is observed shortly after estradiol injection, while the estradiol-induced production of serum phosphoproteins (vitellogenic response) is not detectable until about 24 hr. cycloheximide given 90 min before estradiol inhibits the increase in nuclear binding for 12-15 hr. at 24-48 hr the levels of nuclear binding are simila ... | 1975 | 173044 |
| physiological properties of vertebrate nerve cells in tissue culture. | vertebrate neurons in tissue culture are providing us with a new model system for studying the complex events which occur during neuronal differentiation, synaptogenesis, and neural network formation. it is already apparent that dissociated embryo neurons are capable of differentiating both morphologically and physiologically along predetermined lines in the absence of external influences. these neurons can form new connections with one another but retain some specificity in their selections. bo ... | 1975 | 173059 |
| a study of the sequences of chicken embryo lethal orphan (celo) virus dna present in a transformed hamster cell line with use of specific fragments of the virus genome. | | 1975 | 173080 |
| thymus and bursa of fabricius responses in chickens with non-tumoral forms of rous sarcoma virus infections. | | 1975 | 173114 |
| the cockerel as an animal model for atherosclerosis research. | the chicken is a good animal model for the study of atherosclerosis research because it is: 1. omnivorous. 2. small and suitable for prolonged laboratory investigation. 3. able to develop spontaneous atherosclerosis. 4. capable of producing atherosclerosis after cholesterol feeding with elevated hypercholesterolemia. a diet of 1/4% cholesterol plus 5% cottonseed oil added to starter-grower-mash resulted in aortic atherosclerosis with a slight but significant increase in plasma cholesterol. 5. pl ... | 1975 | 173152 |
| infectious tenosynovitis (viral arthritis): characterization of a connecticut viral isolant as a reovirus and evidence of viral egg transmission by reovirus-infected broiler breeders. | connecticut isolant s1133 of tenosynovitis was characterized as a reovirus by physicochemical, biological, and morphologic studies. after inoculation of 35-week-old broiler breeders with tenosynovitis virus by subcutaneous route, virus was found in embryos of eggs laid by the breeders during a period of 8 to 12 days after inoculation. | 1975 | 173276 |
| adenovirus respiratory infection in turkey poults. | a virus from turkey poults with respiratory signs was isolated in specific-pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs and subsequently adapted to chicken embryo fibroblast and turkey kidney cell cultures, where round cell formation was observed. the cloned virus was ether-resistant and incorporated tridiated thymidine. intra-nuclear icosahedral virus particles of 80 nm were detected. these physicochemical characteristics place this isolant into the adenovirus group of viruses. the disease was experi ... | 1975 | 173277 |
| the roles of the infectious bursal agent and several avian adenoviruses in the hemorrhagic-aplastic-anemia syndrome and gangrenous dermatitis. | the effect that breeder-flock immune status regarding the infectious bursal agent (iba) and two avian adenoviruses (dpi-1 and dpi-2) has on the susceptibility of their commercially reared delmarva broiler progeny to the hemorrhagic-aplastic-anemia syndrome and concurrent gangrenous dermatitis was determined. lack of immunity to the iba in breeder flocks was related to an increased susceptibility of progeny to anemia and dermatitis. breeder-flock immunity to the two adenoviruses tested could not ... | 1975 | 173278 |
| hemagglutinating properties of celo, an oncogenic avian adenovirus. | chicken-embryo-lethal-orphan (celo) virus, phelps strain, agglutinated erythrocytes at 37 c. the hemagglutinating activity, which is a function of complete and incomplete virus particles, was sensitive to heat but not to ph. the soluble components of the virus were similar in sedimentation characteristics to those obtained from human adenovirus type 1. the effects of chemical and physical agents on celo hemagglutinin, celo infectivity, and red-cell receptors suggested that the last were protein ... | 1975 | 173279 |
| the effects of adenine nucleotides and guanine nucleotides on urate synthesis de novo by isolated chick liver and kidney cells. | isolated chick liver and kidney cells produce urate de novo from glycine, and this is partially inhibited by 1 mm-amp and by 1 mm-gmp in liver cells but not in kidney cells. azaserine fully inhibits this synthesis de novo, but attempts to isolate formylglycine amide ribonucleotide from azaserine-blocked cells were unsuccessful. | 1975 | 173289 |
| inhibition of the binding of progesterone receptor to nuclei: effects of o-phenanthroline and rifamycin af/013. | | 1975 | 173315 |
| studies on the mode of action of calciferol. x. 24-nor-25-hydroxyvitamin d3, an analog of 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 having "anti-vitamin" activity. | | 1975 | 173329 |
| granule enzymes of polymorphonuclear neutrophils: a phylogenetic comparison. | the functional significance of granule enzymes in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) is not fully understood because of the multiplicity of the enzymes and the rare occurrence of deficiencies in man. in order to select appropriate laboratory animals for functional studies, a phylogenetic comparison of enzyme levels in animal and human pmn was undertaken. neutrophils were obtained from a variety of laboratory animals and man; the activities of alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, and ... | 1975 | 173439 |
| identification of radioactive 17beta-estradiol-17-beta-d-glucuronide and 17alpha-estradiol-17-beta-d-glucuronide in the urine of the domestic fowl after intramuscular injection of [4-14c]estrone. | two previously uncharacterized radioactive estrogen conjugates, 17beta-estradiol-17-beta-d-glucuronide (3-hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17beta-d-glucopyranosiduronate) and 17alpha-estradiol-17beta-d-glucuronide (3-hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17alpha-yl-beta-d-glucopyranosiduronate), have been identified in small but significant amounts in avian urine and in a ratio of approximately 2:1 after intramuscular injection of [4-14c]estrone. | 1975 | 173450 |
| radiommunoassay for human and chick prolyl hydroxylases. | a radioimmunoassay is reported for measuring prolyl hydroxylase. the assay is based on the displacement of radioactively-labelled prolyl hydroxylase from its antibody by the non-labelled enzyme, and on the subsequent precipitation of the enzyme-antibody complex by a cellulose-bound second antibody. pure prolyl hydroxylase was isolated from foetal human or chick embryo tissues by an affinity column procedure usingpoly(l-proline). the enzyme was labelled with tritium using a technique of reductive ... | 1975 | 173542 |
| proceedings: interaction of avian sarcoma viruses with mammalian cells. | | 1975 | 173688 |
| effect of estrogen on gene expression in the chick oviduct. correlation between nuclear-bound estrogen receptor and chromatin initiation site for transcription. | the [3h]estradiol exchange assay was used to characterize the nuclear estrogen receptor from the chick oviduct. after diethylstilibestrol (des) treatment (14 days), the oviduct nuclei contained estrogen receptors that manifested high affinity (kd = 2 x 10(-9)m) and low capacity binding (4000 to 5000 sites/cell) for estradiol. des and estradiol competed significantly for [3h]estradiol binding, while testosterone and progesterone were ineffective. these binding sites were found in the oviduct and ... | 1976 | 173720 |
| ribonucleotide sequence homology among avian oncornaviruses. | rna sequence relatedness among avian rna tumor virus genomes was analyzed by inhibition of dna-rna hybrid formation between 3h-labeled 35s viral rna and an excess of leukemic or normal chicken cell dna with increasing concentrations of unlabeled 35s viral rna. the avian viruses tested were rous associated virus (rav)-3, avian myeloblastosis virus (amv), rav-60, rav-61, and b-77 sarcoma virus. hybridization of 3h-labeled 35s amv rna with dna from normal chicken cells was inhibited by unlabeled 35 ... | 1975 | 173876 |
| comparison of an avian osteopetrosis virus with an avian lymphomatosis virus by rna-dna hybridization. | myeloblastosis-associated virus (mav)-2(0), a virus which was derived from avian myeloblastosis virus and induced a high incidence of osteopetrosis, was compared with avian lymphomatosis virus 5938, a recent field isolate which induced a high incidence of lymphomatosis. the following information was obtained. (i) mav-2(0) induced osteopetrosis, nephroblastoma, and a very low incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. no difference was seen in the oncogenic spectrum of end point and plaque-purified m ... | 1975 | 173880 |
| high spontaneous mutation rate of an avian sarcoma virus. | three genetically distinct types of chicken sarcoma virus bratislava 77 (b77 virus) differing in their ability to infect duck cells were identified. b77 virus type i does not infect duck cells; b77 virus type ii has a low efficiency of infection of duck cells; and b77 virus type iii has a high efficiency of infection of duck cells. b77 viruses type i and iii are produced by spontaneous mutation during the growth of b77 virus type ii in chicken cells. the spontaneous mutation of b77 virus type ii ... | 1975 | 173893 |
| [morphology and incidence of membranous structures related to endoplasmic reticulum]. | morphology and occurrence of so called tubuloreticular (trs) and undulating membraneous structures (ums) connected with the membranes of the endoplasmatic reticulum are described in physiological and pathological conditions. it is established that trs and ums represent a cytoplasmatic inclusion of similar type, although of different structures. occurrence of ums in human lung-tissue culture, and in transplantable chicken hepatoma induced in a hepatic tumour by mc-29 virus was observed. | 1975 | 173987 |