| a virulent babesia bovis strain failed to infect white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | wildlife are an important component in the vector-host-pathogen triangle of livestock diseases, as they maintain biological vectors that transmit pathogens and can serve as reservoirs for such infectious pathogens. babesia bovis is a tick-borne pathogen, vectored by cattle fever ticks, rhipicephalus spp., that can cause up to 90% mortality in naive adult cattle. while cattle are the primary host for cattle fever ticks, wild and exotic ungulates, including white-tailed deer (wtd), are known to be ... | 2015 | 26083429 |
| role of parasitic vaccines in integrated control of parasitic diseases in livestock. | parasitic infections adversely affect animal's health and threaten profitable animal production, thus affecting the economy of our country. these infections also play a major role in the spread of zoonotic diseases. parasitic infections cause severe morbidity and mortality in animals especially those affecting the gastrointestinal system and thus affect the economy of livestock owner by decreasing the ability of the farmer to produce economically useful animal products. due to all these reasons ... | 2015 | 27047140 |
| cathepsin gene family reveals transcriptome patterns related to the infective stages of the salmon louse caligus rogercresseyi. | cathepsins are proteases involved in the ability of parasites to overcome and/or modulate host defenses so as to complete their own lifecycle. however, the mechanisms underlying this ability of cathepsins are still poorly understood. one excellent model for identifying and exploring the molecular functions of cathepsins is the marine ectoparasitic copepod caligus rogercresseyi that currently affects the chilean salmon industry. using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, 56 cathepsin-like se ... | 2015 | 25923525 |
| sequence analysis of insecticide action and detoxification-related genes in the insect pest natural enemy pardosa pseudoannulata. | the pond wolf spider pardosa pseudoannulata, an important natural predatory enemy of rice planthoppers, is found widely distributed in paddy fields. however, data on the genes involved in insecticide action, detoxification, and response are very limited for p. pseudoannulata, which inhibits the development and appropriate use of selective insecticides to control insect pests on rice. we used transcriptome construction from adult spider cephalothoraxes to analyze and manually identify genes encon ... | 2015 | 25923714 |
| transcriptomic insights on the abc transporter gene family in the salmon louse caligus rogercresseyi. | atp-binding cassette (abc) protein family encode for membrane proteins involved in the transport of various biomolecules through the cellular membrane. these proteins have been identified in all taxa and present important physiological functions, including the process of insecticide detoxification in arthropods. for that reason the ectoparasite caligus rogercresseyi represents a model species for understanding the molecular underpinnings involved in insecticide drug resistance. | 2015 | 25889038 |
| reduced efficacy of commercial acaricides against populations of resistant cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus from two municipalities of antioquia, colombia. | two distant antioquian cattle farms where systemic and topical acaricides had previously failed to control infestations by rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus were studied. an initial in vivo study was conducted using single subcutaneous injections with a long-acting formulation of ivermectin (630 μg/kg). injections were made at 3-month intervals on animals at each farm to evaluate the therapeutic and persistent efficacy of ivermectin against r. microplus. body tick counts and reproductive param ... | 2015 | 25987840 |
| key sites for p2x receptor function and multimerization: overview of mutagenesis studies on a structural basis. | p2x receptors constitute a seven-member family (p2x1-7) of extracellular atp-gated cation channels of widespread expression. because p2x receptors have been implicated in neurological, inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, they constitute promising drug targets. since the first p2x cdna sequences became available in 1994, numerous site-directed mutagenesis studies have been conducted to disclose key sites of p2x receptor function and oligomerization. the publication of the 3-a crystal struct ... | 0 | 25439586 |
| an evolutionarily-unique heterodimeric voltage-gated cation channel found in aphids. | we describe the identification in aphids of a unique heterodimeric voltage-gated sodium channel which has an atypical ion selectivity filter and, unusually for insect channels, is highly insensitive to tetrodotoxin. we demonstrate that this channel has most likely arisen by adaptation (gene fission or duplication) of an invertebrate ancestral mono(hetero)meric channel. this is the only identifiable voltage-gated sodium channel homologue in the aphid genome(s), and the channel's novel selectivity ... | 2015 | 25637326 |
| pcr and elisa vis-à-vis microscopy for detection of bovine anaplasmosis: a study on associated risk of an upcoming problem in north india. | this investigation demonstrates the status of bovine anaplasmosis caused by a. marginale in bovines from submountain and undulating zone of punjab. out of 184 suspected animals, 25 (19.51%), 47 (31.71%), and 78 (68.75%) were positive by microscopy, indirect elisa, and pcr assay, respectively. the microscopy showed 29% sensitivity and 99% specificity, while elisa showed 32% sensitivity and 79% specificity in concordance with pcr assay. five false negative samples by msp1β pcr were reconfirmed for ... | 2015 | 25811041 |
| insecticidal and repellent activity of siparuna guianensis aubl. (negramina) against aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus. | this study investigated the toxic effects of essential oils isolated from siparuna guianensis against aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus (eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult) and aedes albopictus (c6/36) cells. the oviposition-deterring activity, egg viability, and repellence activity in the presence of different essential oils concentrations were determined. the essential oils showed high toxicity to all developmental stages of a. aegypti and c. quinquefasciatus. furthermore, the oils also showed ... | 2015 | 25646797 |
| complete genome sequence of ehrlichia mineirensis, a novel organism closely related to ehrlichia canis with a new host association. | we report here the complete genome sequencing of ehrlichia mineirensis, an ehrlichia organism that was isolated from the hemolymph of rhipicephalus microplus-engorged females. e. mineirensis is the best characterized ehrlichia isolate from a novel cattle-related clade closely related to the monocytotropic pathogen e. canis. | 2015 | 25614563 |
| theileria equi isolates vary in susceptibility to imidocarb dipropionate but demonstrate uniform in vitro susceptibility to a bumped kinase inhibitor. | the apicomplexan hemoparasite theileria equi is a causative agent of equine piroplasmosis, eradicated from the united states in 1988. however, recent outbreaks have sparked renewed interest in treatment options for infected horses. imidocarb dipropionate is the current drug of choice, however variation in clinical response to therapy has been observed. | 2015 | 25600252 |
| bartonella chomelii is the most frequent species infecting cattle grazing in communal mountain pastures in spain. | the presence of bartonella spp. was investigated in domestic ungulates grazing in communal pastures from a mountain area in northern spain, where 18.3% (17/93) of cattle were found to be positive by pcr combined with a reverse line blot (pcr/rlb), whereas sheep (n = 133) or horses (n = 91) were found not to be infected by this pathogen. bartonella infection was significantly associated with age, since older animals showed a higher prevalence than heifers and calves. in contrast to other studies, ... | 2014 | 25381240 |
| the glycoprotein trp36 of ehrlichia sp. ufmg-ev and related cattle pathogen ehrlichia sp. ufmt-bv evolved from a highly variable clade of e. canis under adaptive diversifying selection. | a new species of ehrlichia, phylogenetically distant from e. ruminantium, was found in 2010 infecting cattle in canada. in 2012 and 2013, we reported the in vitro propagation, molecular and ultrastructural characterization of ehrlichia sp. ufmg-ev (e. mineirensis), a new species of ehrlichia isolated from the haemolymph of brazilian rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks. a new organism, named ehrlichia sp. ufmt-bv, closely related to ehrlichia sp. ufmg-ev, was recently described in brazil an ... | 2014 | 25499826 |
| an atypical residue in the pore of varroa destructor gaba-activated rdl receptors affects picrotoxin block and thymol modulation. | gaba-activated rdl receptors are the insect equivalent of mammalian gabaa receptors, and play a vital role in neurotransmission and insecticide action. here we clone the pore lining m2 region of the varroa mite rdl receptor and show that it has 4 atypical residues when compared to m2 regions of most other insects, including bees, which are the major host of varroa mites. we create mutant drosophila rdl receptors containing these substitutions and characterise their effects on function. using two ... | 2014 | 25460510 |
| contributions of the hair sheep breed santa ines as a maintenance host for rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) in brazil. | hair sheep breeds are a new, cost-effective option for the diversification of livestock in the midwest region of brazil. they are grazed extensively with cattle as well as in isolation in small areas. hair sheep breeds are vulnerable to infestation by parasites such as the cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus, which causes various types of damage and can transmit diseases. | 2014 | 25404176 |
| toll signals regulate dorsal-ventral patterning and anterior-posterior placement of the embryo in the hemipteran rhodnius prolixus. | insect embryonic dorso-ventral patterning depends greatly on two pathways: the toll pathway and the bone morphogenetic protein pathway. while the relative contribution of each pathway has been investigated in holometabolous insects, their role has not been explored in insects with a hemimetabolous type of development. the hemimetabolous insect rhodnius prolixus, an important vector of chagas disease in the americas, develops from an intermediate germ band and displays complex movements during ka ... | 2014 | 25908955 |
| seasonal variation and frequency distribution of ectoparasites in crossbreed cattle in southeastern brazil. | the aims of this study were to evaluate the seasonal variation and frequency distribution of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, haematobia irritans, and dermatobia hominis on crossbred heifers under field conditions in the northeast of minas gerais state, southeastern brazil. from november 2007 to september 2009 (23 months), 40 heifers aged 16.6 ± 2.4 months were divided into groups a (1/4 holstein × 3/4 gir) and b (1/2 holstein × 1/2 gir) and had the monthly infestation estimated along with t ... | 2014 | 26464941 |
| tick passage results in enhanced attenuation of babesia bovis. | serial blood passage of virulent babesia bovis in splenectomized cattle results in attenuated derivatives that do not cause neurologic disease. tick transmissibility can be lost with attenuation, but when retained, attenuated b. bovis can revert to virulence following tick passage. this study provides data showing that tick passage of the partially attenuated b. bovis t2bo derivative strain further decreased virulence compared with intravenous inoculation of the same strain in infected animals. ... | 2014 | 25114111 |
| comparative genome analysis of entomopathogenic fungi reveals a complex set of secreted proteins. | metarhizium anisopliae is an entomopathogenic fungus used in the biological control of some agricultural insect pests, and efforts are underway to use this fungus in the control of insect-borne human diseases. a large repertoire of proteins must be secreted by m. anisopliae to cope with the various available nutrients as this fungus switches through different lifestyles, i.e., from a saprophytic, to an infectious, to a plant endophytic stage. to further evaluate the predicted secretome of m. ani ... | 2014 | 25263348 |
| genomic analyses and transcriptional profiles of the glycoside hydrolase family 18 genes of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae. | fungal chitin metabolism involves diverse processes such as metabolically active cell wall maintenance, basic nutrition, and different aspects of virulence. chitinases are enzymes belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 18 (gh18) and 19 (gh19) and are responsible for the hydrolysis of β-1,4-linkages in chitin. this linear homopolymer of n-acetyl-β-d-glucosamine is an essential constituent of fungal cell walls and arthropod exoskeletons. several chitinases have been directly implicated in str ... | 2014 | 25232743 |
| influence of ph control in the formation of inclusion bodies during production of recombinant sphingomyelinase-d in escherichia coli. | inclusion bodies (ibs) are aggregated proteins that form clusters when protein is overexpressed in heterologous expression systems. ibs have been considered as non-usable proteins, but recently they are being used as functional materials, catalytic particles, drug delivery agents, immunogenic structures, and as a raw material in recombinant therapeutic protein purification. however, few studies have been made to understand how culture conditions affect the protein aggregation and the physicochem ... | 2014 | 25213001 |
| development of a spatially targeted field sampling technique for the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus, by mapping white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus, habitat in south texas. | the objective of our study was to determine whether satellite remote sensed data could be used to identify white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus (zimmerman) (artiodactyla: cervidae), habitat and target locations for sampling free-living larvae of the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) (ixodida: ixodidae) in south texas. two methods for mapping white-tailed deer habitat were used, an object-oriented method to identify closed canopies and waterways for deer ... | 0 | 25368044 |
| understanding anaplasmataceae pathogenesis using "omics" approaches. | this paper examines how "omics" approaches improve our understanding of anaplasmataceae pathogenesis, through a global and integrative strategy to identify genes and proteins involved in biochemical pathways key for pathogen-host-vector interactions. the anaplasmataceae family comprises obligate intracellular bacteria mainly transmitted by arthropods. these bacteria are responsible for major human and animal endemic and emerging infectious diseases with important economic and public health impac ... | 2014 | 25072029 |
| effect of various acaricides on hatchability of eggs of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the effect of commonly used acaricides (amitraz, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, and flumethrin) on the eggs of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from ludhiana, punjab, was evaluated by egg hatch assay (eha). the regression graph of probit hatchability and per cent inhibition of hatching (ih%) of eggs was plotted against log values of concentration of various acaricides. all concentrations of flumethrin and amitraz caused complete inhibition of hatching, whereas a hatchabili ... | 2014 | 25057486 |
| estimation of the genome sizes of the chigger mites leptotrombidium pallidum and leptotrombidium scutellare based on quantitative pcr and k-mer analysis. | leptotrombidium pallidum and leptotrombidium scutellare are the major vector mites for orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus. before these organisms can be subjected to whole-genome sequencing, it is necessary to estimate their genome sizes to obtain basic information for establishing the strategies that should be used for genome sequencing and assembly. | 2014 | 24947244 |
| a treatment with a protease inhibitor recombinant from the cattle tick (rhipicephalus boophilus microplus) ameliorates emphysema in mice. | to determine whether a serine protease inhibitor treatment can prevent or minimize emphysema in mice. | 2014 | 24886716 |
| targeted surface expression of an exogenous antigen in stably transfected babesia bovis. | babesia bovis is a tick-borne intraerythocytic protozoan responsible for acute disease in cattle which can be controlled by vaccination with attenuated b. bovis strains. emerging b. bovis transfection technologies may increase the usefulness of these live vaccines. one use of transfected b. bovis parasites may be as a vaccine delivery platform. previous transfection methods for b. bovis were limited by single expression sites and intracellular expression of transfected antigens. this study descr ... | 2014 | 24840336 |
| assessment of acute oral and dermal toxicity of 2 ethyl-carbamates with activity against rhipicephalus microplus in rats. | the acute oral and dermal toxicity of two new ethyl-carbamates (ethyl-4-bromophenyl-carbamate and ethyl-4-chlorophenyl-carbamate) with ixodicide activity was determined in rats. the oral ld50 of each carbamate was 300 to 2000 mg/kg, and the dermal ld50 of each carbamate was >5000 mg/kg. clinically, the surviving rats that had received oral doses of each carbamate showed decreased weight gain (p < 0.05) and had slight nervous system manifestations. these clinical signs were evident from the 300 m ... | 2014 | 24883331 |
| subchronic toxicity study in rats of two new ethyl-carbamates with ixodicidal activity. | female and male wistar rats were used to determine the subchronic oral toxicities of two new ethyl-carbamates with ixodicidal activities (ethyl-4-bromphenyl-carbamate and ethyl-4-chlorphenyl-carbamate). the evaluated carbamates were administered in the drinking water (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/day) for 90 days. exposure to the evaluated carbamates did not cause mortality or clinical signs and did not affect food consumption or weight gain. however, exposure to these carbamates produced alterations i ... | 2014 | 24818142 |
| high genetic diversity of anaplasma marginale detected from philippine cattle. | a total of 658 cattle in 6 provinces in the philippines were screened for anaplasma marginale infection by using a diagnostic heat-shock operon (groel) gene-pcr assay. the screening-positive samples were further tested using the major surface antigen protein 1a (msp1a) gene-pcr assay. screening pcr results showed 130 cattle (19.8%) were positive for the a. marginale infection. subsequent amplification using the msp1a gene only showed 93 samples (14.1%) to be positive. in addition, 37 tandem-repe ... | 2014 | 24717413 |
| secretome of the biocontrol agent metarhizium anisopliae induced by the cuticle of the cotton pest dysdercus peruvianus reveals new insights into infection. | metarhizium anisopliae is an entomopathogenic fungus that has evolved specialized strategies to infect insect hosts. here we analyzed secreted proteins related to dysdercus peruvianus infection. using shotgun proteomics, abundance changes in 71 proteins were identified after exposure to host cuticle. among these proteins were classical fungal effectors secreted by pathogens to degrade physical barriers and alter host physiology. these include lipolytic enzymes, pr1a, b, c, i, and j proteases, ro ... | 2014 | 24702058 |
| an immunomics approach to schistosome antigen discovery: antibody signatures of naturally resistant and chronically infected individuals from endemic areas. | schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that is responsible for almost 300,000 deaths annually. mass drug administration (mda) is used worldwide for the control of schistosomiasis, but chemotherapy fails to prevent reinfection with schistosomes, so mda alone is not sufficient to eliminate the disease, and a prophylactic vaccine is required. herein, we take advantage of recent advances in systems biology and longitudinal studies in schistosomiasis endemic areas in brazil to pilot an immun ... | 2014 | 24675823 |
| mechanisms relevant to the enhanced virulence of a dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin metabolically engineered entomopathogen. | the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae ma05-169 is a transformant strain that has been metabolically engineered to express dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin biosynthesis genes. in contrast to the wild type strain, the transformant displays a greater resistance to environmental stress and a higher virulence toward target insect host. however, the underlying mechanisms for these characteristics remain unclear; hence experiments were initiated to explore the possible mechanism(s) through phy ... | 2014 | 24662974 |
| detection of amitraz resistance in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus from sbs nagar, punjab, india. | the resistance status of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from sbs nagar, punjab, was evaluated against amitraz by adult immersion test (ait). the regression graph of probit mortality of ticks plotted against log values of progressively increasing concentrations of amitraz revealed the slope of mortality (95% ci) as 2.36 ± 0.61 (0.38 to 4.33). the lc50 (95% ci) and lc95 (95% ci) values were recorded as 332.52 ppm (305.06-362.44) and 1646.93 ppm (1383.97-1959.84), respectively, and t ... | 2014 | 24683347 |
| but2 is a member of the third major group of hat transposons and is involved in horizontal transfer events in the genus drosophila. | the hat superfamily comprises a large and diverse array of dna transposons found in all supergroups of eukaryotes. here we characterized the drosophila buzzatii but2 element and found that it harbors a five-exon gene encoding a 643-aa putatively functional transposase. a phylogeny built with 85 hat transposases yielded, in addition to the two major groups already described, ac and buster, a third one comprising 20 sequences that includes but2, tip100, hat-4_bm, and rp-hat1. this third group is h ... | 0 | 24459285 |
| genetic diversity of tick-borne rickettsial pathogens; insights gained from distant strains. | the ability to capture genetic variation with unprecedented resolution improves our understanding of bacterial populations and their ability to cause disease. the goal of the pathogenomics era is to define genetic diversity that results in disease. despite the economic losses caused by vector-borne bacteria in the order rickettsiales, little is known about the genetic variants responsible for observed phenotypes. the tick-transmitted rickettsial pathogen anaplasma marginale infects cattle in tro ... | 0 | 25364572 |
| a trypsin-like protease with apparent dual function in early lepeophtheirus salmonis (krøyer) development. | trypsin-like serine proteases are involved in a large number of processes including digestive degradation, regulation of developmental processes, yolk degradation and yolk degradome activation. trypsin like peptidases considered to be involved in digestion have been characterized in lepeophtheirus salmonis. during these studies a trypsin-like peptidase which differed in a number of traits were identified. | 2009 | 19439101 |
| identification of a cluster of residues in transmembrane segment 6 of domain iii of the cockroach sodium channel essential for the action of pyrethroid insecticides. | a phenylalanine residue (phe1519) in the sixth transmembrane segment of domain iii (iiis6) of the cockroach bgna(v) sodium channel is required for the binding and action of pyrethroids. however, whether or not other residues in iiis6 participate in the action of pyrethroids remains to be determined. in the present study, we conducted a systematic analysis of 20 residues in iiis6 of the bgna(v) channel using alanine-scanning mutagenesis. our results show that alanine substitutions of four residue ... | 0 | 19154185 |
| modular evolution of glutathione peroxidase genes in association with different biochemical properties of their encoded proteins in invertebrate animals. | phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidases (phgpx), the most abundant isoforms of gpx families, interfere directly with hydroperoxidation of lipids. biochemical properties of these proteins vary along with their donor organisms, which has complicated the phylogenetic classification of diverse phgpx-like proteins. despite efforts for comprehensive analyses, the evolutionary aspects of gpx genes in invertebrates remain largely unknown. | 2009 | 19344533 |
| cloning and immunoreactivity of the 5-ht 1mac and 5-ht 2mac receptors in the central nervous system of the freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii. | biogenic amines are implicated in several mental disorders, many of which involve social interactions. simple model systems, such as crustaceans, are often more amenable than vertebrates for studying mechanisms underlying behaviors. although various cellular responses of biogenic amines have been characterized in crustaceans, the mechanisms linking these molecules to behavior remain largely unknown. observed effects of serotonin receptor agonists and antagonists in abdomen posture, escape respon ... | 0 | 19184976 |
| discovery of a distinct superfamily of kunitz-type toxin (ktt) from tarantulas. | kuntiz-type toxins (ktts) have been found in the venom of animals such as snake, cone snail and sea anemone. the main ancestral function of kunitz-type proteins was the inhibition of a diverse array of serine proteases, while toxic activities (such as ion-channel blocking) were developed under a variety of darwinian selection pressures. how new functions were grafted onto an old protein scaffold and what effect darwinian selection pressures had on ktt evolution remains a puzzle. | 2008 | 18923708 |
| molecular evolution of neuropeptides in the genus drosophila. | neuropeptides comprise the most diverse group of neuronal signaling molecules. they often occur as multiple sequence-related copies within single precursors (the prepropeptides). these multiple sequence-related copies have not arisen by gene duplication, and it is debated whether they are mutually redundant or serve specific functions. the fully sequenced genomes of 12 drosophila species provide a unique opportunity to study the molecular evolution of neuropeptides. | 2008 | 18717992 |
| toxin-resistant sodium channels: parallel adaptive evolution across a complete gene family. | approximately 75% of vertebrate proteins belong to protein families encoded by multiple evolutionarily related genes, a pattern that emerged as a result of gene and genome duplications over the course of vertebrate evolution. in families of genes with similar or related functions, adaptation to a strong selective agent should involve multiple adaptive changes across the entire gene family. however, we know of no evolutionary studies that have explicitly addressed this point. here, we show how 4 ... | 2008 | 18258611 |
| comparative genomic analysis of novel conserved peptide upstream open reading frames in drosophila melanogaster and other dipteran species. | upstream open reading frames (uorfs) are elements found in the 5'-region of an mrna transcript, capable of regulating protein production of the largest, or major orf (morf), and impacting organismal development and growth in fungi, plants, and animals. in drosophila, approximately 40% of transcripts contain upstream start codons (uaugs) but there is little evidence that these are translated and affect their associated morf. | 2008 | 18237443 |
| crop and pasture response to climate change. | we review recent research of importance to understanding crop and pasture plant species response to climate change. topics include plant response to elevated co(2) concentration, interactions with climate change variables and air pollutants, impacts of increased climate variability and frequency of extreme events, the role of weeds and pests, disease and animal health, issues in biodiversity, and vulnerability of soil carbon pools. we critically analyze the links between fundamental knowledge at ... | 2007 | 18077401 |
| the mitochondrial genome of phallusia mammillata and phallusia fumigata (tunicata, ascidiacea): high genome plasticity at intra-genus level. | within chordata, the subphyla vertebrata and cephalochordata (lancelets) are characterized by a remarkable stability of the mitochondrial (mt) genome, with constancy of gene content and almost invariant gene order, whereas the limited mitochondrial data on the subphylum tunicata suggest frequent and extensive gene rearrangements, observed also within ascidians of the same genus. | 2007 | 17764550 |
| biglutaminyl-biliverdin ix alpha as a heme degradation product in the dengue fever insect-vector aedes aegypti. | hemoglobin digestion in the midgut of hematophagous animals results in the release of its prosthetic group, heme, which is a pro-oxidant molecule. heme enzymatic degradation is a protective mechanism that has been described in several organisms, including plants, bacteria, and mammals. this reaction is catalyzed by heme oxygenase and results in formation of carbon monoxide, ferrous ion, and biliverdin ixalpha. during digestion, a large amount of a green pigment is produced and secreted into the ... | 2007 | 17508725 |
| an improved implementation of codon adaptation index. | codon adaptation index is a widely used index for characterizing gene expression in general and translation efficiency in particular. current computational implementations have a number of problems leading to various systematic biases. i illustrate these problems and provide a better computer implementation to solve these problems. the improved cai can predict protein production better than cai from other commonly used implementations. | 2007 | 19461982 |
| rapid concerted evolution in animal mitochondrial dna. | recombinational genetic processes are thought to be rare in the uniparentally inherited mitochondrial (mt) dna molecules of vertebrates and other animals. here, however, we document extremely rapid concerted microevolution, probably mediated by frequent gene conversion events, of duplicated sequences in the mtdna control region of mangrove killifishes (kryptolebias marmoratus). in local populations, genetic distances between paralogous loci within an individual were typically smaller (and often ... | 0 | 17490947 |
| insect sodium channels and insecticide resistance. | voltage-gated sodium channels are essential for the generation and propagation of action potentials (i.e., electrical impulses) in excitable cells. although most of our knowledge about sodium channels is derived from decades of studies of mammalian isoforms, research on insect sodium channels is revealing both common and unique aspects of sodium channel biology. in particular, our understanding of the molecular dynamics and pharmacology of insect sodium channels has advanced greatly in recent ye ... | 2007 | 17206406 |
| neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptors in the drosophila melanogaster genome. | recent genetic analyses in worms, flies, and mammals illustrate the importance of bioactive peptides in controlling numerous complex behaviors, such as feeding and circadian locomotion. to pursue a comprehensive genetic analysis of bioactive peptide signaling, we have scanned the recently completed drosophila genome sequence for g protein-coupled receptors sensitive to bioactive peptides (peptide gpcrs). here we describe 44 genes that represent the vast majority, and perhaps all, of the peptide ... | 0 | 11381038 |
| purification and properties of a novel nucleotide-hydrolysing enzyme (5'-nucleotidase) from boophilus microplus. | the tick boophilus microplus contains a nucleoside phosphate-hydrolysing enzyme which, in many respects, resembles the well characterized 5'-nucleotidase from mammalian tissue. the tick enzyme has been purified to homogeneity. it is a membrane-bound glycoprotein with an apparent mr of 67,000 and, although it fails to hydrolyse a range of nucleoside 2'- or 3'-monophosphates, it has broad specificity for the 5' derivatives. further investigation of the enzyme's substrate specificity, however, show ... | 0 | 2539105 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a glycine-like receptor gene from the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is the most economically important ectoparasite affecting the cattle industry in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. the principal method of tick control has relied mainly on the use of chemical acaricides, including ivermectin; however, cattle tick populations resistant to ivermectin have recently been reported in brazil, mexico, and uruguay. currently, the molecular basis for ivermectin susceptibility and resistance are not well ... | 2014 | 25174962 |
| biological parameters of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) fed on rabbits, sheep, and cattle. | in order to determine the effect of various hosts on feeding performance of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, we used 3 mammalian species as hosts, cattle (qinchuan), sheep (t an), and rabbits (japanese white rabbit) for infest-ing ticks. five hundreds of r. microplus larvae were exposed to each animal (3 animals/host species). tick recoveries were 11.0%, 0.47%, and 5.5% from cattle, sheep, and rabbits, respectively. the averages of tick feeding periods were not significantly different on cat ... | 2016 | 27417084 |
| transgene expression in tick cells using agrobacterium tumefaciens. | ticks transmit infectious agents to humans and other animals. genetic manipulation of vectors like ticks could enhance the development of alternative disease control strategies. transgene expression using the phytopathogen agrobacterium tumefaciens has been shown to promote the genetic modification of non-plant cells. in the present work we developed t-dna constructs for a. tumefaciens to mediate transgene expression in hela cells as well as rhipicephalus microplus tick cells. translational fusi ... | 2015 | 26188857 |
| molecular detection of anaplasma spp. in pangolins (manis javanica) and wild boars (sus scrofa) in peninsular malaysia. | anaplasma spp. infects a wide variety of wildlife and domestic animals. this study describes the identification of a novel species of anaplasma (candidatus anaplasma pangolinii) from pangolins (manis javanica) and anaplasma bovis from wild boars (sus scrofa) in malaysia. based on 16s rrna gene sequences, candidatus anaplasma pangolinii is identified in a distinct branch within the family anaplasmataceae, exhibiting the closest sequence similarity with the type strains of anaplasma bovis (97.7%) ... | 2016 | 27523941 |
| molecular detection of rickettsia, anaplasma, coxiella and francisella bacteria in ticks collected from artiodactyla in thailand. | a total of 79 ticks collected from sambar deer (cervus unicolor), barking deer (muntiacus muntjak) and wild boar (sus scrofa) were examined by pcr for the presence of rickettsia, anaplasma, coxiella, and francisella bacteria. of the 79 ticks, 13% tested positive for rickettsia, 15% tested positive for anaplasma, 4% tested positive for coxiella, and 3% tested positive for francisella. interestingly, triple infection with anaplasma, rickettsia and francisella was determined in a dermacentor auratu ... | 2016 | 26934997 |
| molecular evidence of spotted fever group rickettsiae and anaplasmataceae from ticks and stray dogs in bangladesh. | emerging tick-borne diseases (tbds) are important foci for human and animal health worldwide. however, these diseases are sometimes over looked, especially in countries with limited resources to perform molecular-based surveys. the aim of this study was to detect and characterize spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae and anaplasmataceae in bangladesh, which are important tick-borne pathogens for humans and animals worldwide. a total of 50 canine blood samples, 15 ticks collected from dogs, and 1 ... | 2016 | 26573516 |
| a novel ehrlichia genotype strain distinguished by the trp36 gene naturally infects cattle in brazil and causes clinical manifestations associated with ehrlichiosis. | a novel ehrlichia genotype most closely related to e. canis was reported in north american cattle in 2010, and a similar agent was subsequently identified in the hemolymph of brazilian rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks and isolated in 2012. the purpose of this study was to determine whether this or other novel ehrlichial agents naturally infect brazilian cattle. using pcr targeting the genus-conserved dsb gene, dna from this novel ehrlichial agent in brazilian cattle was detected. attemp ... | 2014 | 24915874 |
| molecular survey and sequence analysis of anaplasma spp. in cattle and ticks in a malaysian farm. | this study was conducted to determine the occurrence of anaplasma spp. in the blood samples of cattle, goats, deer and ticks in a malaysian farm. using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequencing approach, anaplasma spp. was detected from 81(84.4%) of 96 cattle blood samples. all blood samples from 23 goats and 22 deer tested were negative. based on the analysis of the anaplasma partial 16s ribosomal rna gene, four sequence types (genotypes 1 to 4) were identified in this study. genotypes 1-3 ... | 2014 | 25776603 |
| prevalence and genetic characterization of anaplasma marginale in zebu cattle (bos indicus) and their ticks (amblyomma variegatum, rhipicephalus microplus) from madagascar. | tick-borne bovine anaplasmosis, caused by the obligate intracellular pathogen anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae), is a major constraint to cattle production in tropical and subtropical regions. from madagascar, clinical cases were published but data based on molecular methods regarding the prevalence and genetic diversity of this pathogen on the island are lacking. the aims of this study were to investigate (1) the prevalence of a. marginale in malagasy zebu cattle (bos indicus ... | 2016 | 27592064 |
| cattle experimentally infected by anaplasma marginale: influence of splenectomy on disease pathogenesis, oxidative profile, and antioxidant status. | bovine anaplasmosis is caused by the obligate intraerythrocytic bacteria anaplasma marginale. these bacteria are transmitted by tick species such as rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, blood-sucking insects, and fomites (needles, clippers, and other blood contaminated equipment). during the acute phase of infection, animals may develop fever, anemia, jaundice, and hepatosplenomegaly. the aims of this study are to quantify the bacteremia by quantitative pcr in eight naïve calves experimentally i ... | 2016 | 27060744 |
| exploring the immune signalling pathway-related genes of the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus: from molecular characterization to transcriptional profile upon microbial challenge. | in dipteran insects, invading pathogens are selectively recognized by four major pathways, namely toll, imd, jnk, and jak/stat, and trigger the activation of several immune effectors. although substantial advances have been made in understanding the immunity of model insects such as drosophila melanogaster, knowledge on the activation of immune responses in other arthropods such as ticks remains limited. herein, we have deepened our understanding of the intracellular signalling pathways likely t ... | 2016 | 26724380 |
| nanoparticle-based delivery of anaplasma marginale membrane proteins; virb9-1 and virb10 produced in the pichia pastoris expression system. | bovine anaplasmosis or cattle-tick fever is a tick-borne haemolytic disease caused by the rickettsial haemoparasite anaplasma marginale in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. while difficult to express, the proteins virb9-1 and virb10 are immunogenic components of the outer membrane type iv secretion system that have been identified as candidate antigens for vaccines targeting of a. marginale. soluble virb9-1 and virb10 were successfully expressed using pichia pastoris. when formulated ... | 2016 | 28335329 |
| low temperature affects cattle tick reproduction but does not lead to transovarial transmission of anaplasma marginale. | anaplasma marginale is an obligate intracellular pathogen that infects the erythrocytes of calves, causing bovine anaplasmosis. this rickettsia is biologically transmitted by several species of ticks. in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, rhipicephalus microplus is the main vector. due to their mobility and longevity, the adult males play an important role in the transmission of a. marginale to calves. some studies have demonstrated that a. marginale can be intrastadially and interst ... | 2015 | 26255094 |
| bacterial membranes enhance the immunogenicity and protective capacity of the surface exposed tick subolesin-anaplasma marginale msp1a chimeric antigen. | ticks are vectors of diseases that affect humans and animals worldwide. tick vaccines have been proposed as a cost-effective and environmentally sound alternative for tick control. recently, the rhipicephalus microplus subolesin (sub)-anaplasma marginale msp1a chimeric antigen was produced in escherichia coli as membrane-bound and exposed protein and used to protect vaccinated cattle against tick infestations. in this research, lipidomics and proteomics characterization of the e. coli membrane-b ... | 2015 | 26219233 |
| molecular characterization of anaplasma marginale in ticks naturally feeding on buffaloes. | anaplasma marginale is the most prevalent pathogen transmitted by ticks in cattle in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. however, the tick species involved in the transmission of a. marginale in buffaloes in brazil have not been identified. the objective of the present study was to determine the presence of a. marginale in ticks parasitizing water buffaloes. a total of 200 samples of rhipicephalus microplus, dermacentor nitens, amblyomma cajennense, and amblyomma maculatum were collec ... | 2015 | 26209411 |
| pharmacological characterization of a tyramine receptor from the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the southern cattle tick (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus) is a hematophagous external parasite that vectors the causative agents of bovine babesiosis or cattle tick fever, babesia bovis and b. bigemina, and anaplasmosis, anaplasma marginale. the southern cattle tick is a threat to the livestock industry in many locations throughout the world. control methods include the use of chemical acaricides including amitraz, a formamidine insecticide, which is proposed to activate octopamine receptor ... | 2015 | 25958152 |
| development of a multilocus sequence typing scheme for the study of anaplasma marginale population structure over space and time. | bovine anaplasmosis caused by anaplasma marginale is a worldwide disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions where rhipicephalus microplus is considered the most significant biological vector. molecular markers previously applied for a. marginale typing are efficient for isolate discrimination but they are not a suitable tool for studying population structure and dynamics. here we report the development of an mlst scheme based on the study of seven genes: dnaa, ftsz, groel, lipa, reca, ... | 2015 | 25550150 |
| species distribution modelling for rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in benin, west africa: comparing datasets and modelling algorithms. | rhipicephalus microplus is one of the most widely distributed and economically important ticks, transmitting babesia bigemina, b. bovis and anaplasma marginale. it was recently introduced to west africa on live animals originating from brazil. knowing the precise environmental suitability for the tick would allow veterinary health officials to draft vector control strategies for different regions of the country. to test the performance of modelling algorithms and different sets of environmental ... | 2015 | 25466219 |
| risk factors for anaplasmosis in dairy cows during the peripartum. | anaplasma marginale is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. some studies have suggested that cows during peripartum may present a transient immunosuppression state and development of clinical signs of anaplasmosis. the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between some risk factors and the seroprevalence of a. marginale in dairy cows during peripartum in rio de janeiro, brazil. the risk factors analyzed in association with the prevalence of antibodies again ... | 2014 | 24307390 |
| vaccination with proteins involved in tick-pathogen interactions reduces vector infestations and pathogen infection. | tick-borne pathogens cause diseases that greatly impact animal health and production worldwide. the ultimate goal of tick vaccines is to protect against tick-borne diseases through the control of vector infestations and reducing pathogen infection and transmission. tick genetic traits are involved in vector-pathogen interactions and some of these molecules such as subolesin (sub) have been shown to protect against vector infestations and pathogen infection. based on these premises, herein we cha ... | 2013 | 24084474 |
| red deer (cervus elaphus) as a host for the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in yucatan, mexico. | rhipicephalus microplus is the most economically important cattle tick in the mexican tropics. wild ungulate species, including red deer (cervus elaphus), are gaining popularity in diversified livestock ranching operations in mexico. however, there is no information available on the susceptibility of red deer to infestation with the cattle tick, r. microplus, under hot, subhumid tropical conditions in mexico. biological data on r. microplus as an ectoparasite of cattle and red deer in a farm in ... | 2013 | 23423423 |
| first molecular characterization of anaplasma marginale in cattle and rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks in cebu, philippines. | anaplasma marginale has been detected in the philippines only by peripheral blood smear examination and serological methods. this study generally aimed to molecularly detect and characterize a. marginale in cattle and ticks in cebu, philippines. a total of 12 bovine blood samples and 60 rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks were collected on the cebu island in 2011. 16s rrna-based screening-pcr and dna sequencing revealed 8 cattle (66.7%) and 8 ticks (13.3%) to be positive for a. marginale, ... | 2013 | 22878542 |
| clinicopatho-biochemical alterations associated with subclinical babesiosis in dairy animals. | present investigation is based on the clinicopatho-biochemical alteration related to natural tick borne bovine babesiosis in punjab state. | 2016 | 27308284 |
| babesia bovis and babesia bigemina infection levels estimated by qpcr in angus cattle from an endemic area of são paulo state, brazil. | the levels of infection by babesia bovis and babesia bigemina were estimated by absolute quantification through the quantitative pcr technique (qpcr). fifty-one contemporaneous angus cattle were evaluated on two occasions. the number of standard female rhipicephalus microplus ticks present on the left side of the body was counted and blood samples were drawn from the tail vein into tubes containing the anticoagulant edta. the blood samples were submitted to dna extraction and used to quantify th ... | 2016 | 26907097 |
| in vitro cultivation and cryopreservation of babesia bigemina sporokinetes in hemocytes of rhipicephalus microplus. | cultures of tick hemocytes represent alternative cell lines for the isolation and cultivation of a variety of hemoparasites. the present study reports the development and evaluation of methods for the in vitro culture and maintenance of sporokinetes of babesia bigemina in association with hemocytes of the tick rhipicephalus microplus. hemolymph, from engorged females infected with b. bigemina sporokinetes, was incubated at 28 °c in l15 culture medium supplemented with 40% fetal bovine serum. adh ... | 2015 | 26198431 |
| bmvdac upregulation in the midgut of rhipicephalus microplus, during infection with babesia bigemina. | the molecular mechanisms involved during the infection of rhipicephalus microplus midgut cells by babesia bigemina are of great relevance and currently unknown. in a previous study, we found a voltage-dependent anion channel (vdac)-like protein (bmvdac) that may participate during parasite invasion of midgut cells. in this work, we investigated bmvdac expression at both mrna and protein levels and examined bmvdac localization in midgut cells of ticks infected with b. bigemina at different times ... | 2015 | 26141408 |
| artificial feeding of rhipicephalus microplus female ticks with anti calreticulin serum do not influence tick and babesia bigemina acquisition. | ticks are obligate haematophagous ectoparasites considered the principal vectors of disease among animals. rhipicephalus microplus and r. annulatus ticks are the most important vectors for babesia bigemina and b. bovis, two of the most important intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites species in cattle, responsible for babesiosis which together with anaplasmosis account for substantial economic losses in the livestock industry worldwide. anti-tick vaccines are a proved alternative to traditional t ... | 2015 | 25262467 |
| the identification of a vdac-like protein involved in the interaction of babesia bigemina sexual stages with rhipicephalus microplus midgut cells. | we investigated the interaction of rhipicephalus microplus midgut cells with babesia bigemina sexual stages using a proteomic approach. a polypeptide from the r. microplus midgut that binds to proteins from b. bigemina sexual stages was identified and sequenced. combining 2d overlay and tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) techniques, we determined that this polypeptide corresponds to a mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (vdac). the vdac gene encoding the sequenced polypeptide w ... | 2012 | 22336772 |
| analysis of stage-specific protein expression during babesia bovis development within female rhipicephalus microplus. | arthropod-borne protozoan pathogens have a complex life cycle that includes asexual reproduction of haploid stages in mammalian hosts and the development of diploid stages in invertebrate hosts. the ability of pathogens to invade, survive, and replicate within distinct cell types is required to maintain their life cycle. in this study, we describe a comparative proteomic analysis of a cattle pathogen, babesia bovis, during its development within the mammalian and tick hosts with the goal of iden ... | 2017 | 28152313 |
| co-transmission of the non-transmissible south african babesia bovis s24 vaccine strain during mixed infection with a field isolate. | the south african babesia bovis live blood vaccine, originating from a field isolate attenuated by 23 serial syringe passages in splenectomized calves, has lost the ability to infect the natural vector rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. in this study, infection with mixed parasites from the vaccine strain and a field isolate, resulted in transmission of both genotype populations. comparing the field isolate and transmitted combination indicated no significant difference in their virulence, whi ... | 2015 | 25544307 |
| quantitative study of babesia bovis infection in beef cattle from são paulo state, brazil. | the qpcr technique with sybr green was used to estimate the prevalence and level of babesia bovis infection in beef cattle raised in areas endemic for babesiosis in brazil, where the animals were continuously exposed to ticks (rhipicephalus microplus). this is the first report in which qpcr was used to quantify and compare b. bovis dna in blood of different cattle breeds. blood samples were collected from 150 animals (75 cows and 75 calves) of the angus and nelore breeds and the first generation ... | 2014 | 24522252 |
| gut transcriptome of replete adult female cattle ticks, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, feeding upon a babesia bovis-infected bovine host. | as it feeds upon cattle, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is capable of transmitting a number of pathogenic organisms, including the apicomplexan hemoparasite babesia bovis, a causative agent of bovine babesiosis. the r. microplus female gut transcriptome was studied for two cohorts: adult females feeding on a bovine host infected with b. bovis and adult females feeding on an uninfected bovine. rna was purified and used to generate a subtracted cdna library from b. bovis-infected female gut, ... | 2013 | 23749091 |
| diagnostic methods used to monitor an outbreak of babesiosis (babesia bovis) in a herd of feral cattle in new caledonia. | in december 2007, babesia bovis was introduced to new caledonia through the importation of cattle vaccinated with a live tick fever (babesiosis and anaplasmosis) vaccine. medical measures, acaricide and antiprotozoal treatments, and quarantine restrictions were implemented with success on all the farms involved, but the disease spread to one of the neighbouring properties where feral cattle were present. to circumscribe and eliminate this outbreak, the authorities decided to slaughter all animal ... | 2013 | 23718796 |
| genetic diversity and molecular characterization of babesia motasi-like in small ruminants and ixodid ticks from china. | ovine babesioses, an important tick-borne disease of sheep and goats in china, is caused by the reproduction of intraerythrocytic protozoa of the babesia genus. babesia motasi-like is a babesia parasite that infects small ruminant in china, and two sub-groups of b. motasi-like can be subdivided based on differences in the rhoptry-associated-protein-1 gene. this study aimed to characterize the distribution, epidemiology and genetics of b. motasi-like in animals and ticks. a molecular investigatio ... | 2016 | 26976477 |
| molecular epidemiological surveillance to assess emergence and re-emergence of tick-borne infections in tick samples from china evaluated by nested pcrs. | an investigation was performed to detect eight pathogens in ticks collected from grass tips or animals in the southern, central and northeast regions of china. dna samples extracted from ticks were collected from ten different locations in eight provinces of china and subjected to screening for tick-borne pathogens, including borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, ehrlichia spp., rickettsia spp., babesia/theileria spp., ehrlichia ruminantium, coxiella burnetii, and francisella tularensis, using nested ... | 2016 | 26943995 |
| identification of intestinal bacterial flora in rhipicephalus microplus ticks by conventional methods and pcr-dgge analysis. | in this study, we have analyzed the intestinal microbial flora associated with rhipicephalus microplus ticks using both culture-dependent and independent methods based on pcr and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge). the r. microplus ticks were collected from cattle and goats in jiangxi, hunan and guizhou provinces of china. three distinct strains of bacteria were isolated using culture-dependent methods: staphylococcus simulans, bacillus subtilis and bacillus flexus strain. ninete ... | 2015 | 25784070 |
| unveiling the oxidative metabolism of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) experimentally exposed to entomopathogenic fungi. | rhipicephalus microplus is an important tick in tropical regions due to the high economic losses caused by its parasitism. metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana are well-known entomopathogenic fungi that can afflict r. microplus ticks. the development of new targets and strategies to control this parasite can be driven by studies of this tick's physiology. recently, it was reported that when exposed to adverse physiological conditions, ticks can activate fermentative pathways, indicating ... | 2016 | 27354113 |
| physiological changes in rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) experimentally infected with entomopathogenic fungi. | carbohydrate metabolism plays an important role in the physiology and maintenance of energy stores within living organisms. however, when organisms are exposed to adverse physiological conditions, such as during pathogenic infection, these organisms begin to use alternative substrates (proteins and lipids) for energy production. this paper studied the carbohydrate metabolism of rhipicephalus microplus after infection with beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae. the parameters evaluated we ... | 2015 | 25346195 |
| association between entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi for control of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the aim of the study was to assess the effect of the association of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi on rhipicephalus microplus. the nematodes used were heterorhabditis bacteriophora hp88 and heterorhabditis indica lpp1 and the fungi were metarhizium anisopliae ibcb 116 and beauveria bassiana esalq 986. in the groups treated with the fungi, the females were immersed for 3 min in a conidial suspension, while in the groups treated with the nematodes, the ticks were exposed to infective juvenil ... | 2013 | 23949242 |
| effectiveness of beauveria bassiana sensu lato strains for biological control against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) in china. | owing to the need to combat the spread of acaricide-resistant ticks, the development of long-term biological control has become a hot topic for tick control. in this study, we investigated the pathogenicity of three beauveria bassiana isolates on the engorged female rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks using different conidial concentrations. the results showed that b. bassiana b.bat17 was highly pathogenic against engorged r. (b.) microplus females, resulting in lethal time (lt50 and lt90) ... | 2013 | 23652160 |
| neutral lipid composition changes in the fat bodies of engorged females rhipicephalus microplus ticks in response to fungal infections. | the tick's fat body plays an essential role in energy storage and utilization. this study aimed to analyze the fat body neutral lipid composition in rhipicephalus microplus engorged females. in the first study (physiological profile of untreated ticks), the lipid analysis took place over the course of 4 days; the engorged females were incubated at optimal conditions and their fat bodies were dissected daily. fat body lipid analysis after fungal infection with metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (s ... | 2013 | 23138474 |
| effect of oil-based formulations of acaripathogenic fungi to control rhipicephalus microplus ticks under laboratory conditions. | the formulations of acaripathogenic fungi to control ticks have been widely studied. the present study evaluated the efficacy of oil-based formulations of metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (s.l.), isolate ma 959, and beauveria bassiana, isolate bb 986, on different rhipicephalus microplus stages, comparing the efficacy between aqueous suspensions and 10, 15 and 20% mineral oil formulations. twelve groups were formed: one aqueous control group; three mineral oil control groups, at 10, 15 or 20%; ... | 2012 | 22480883 |
| detection of anti-borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) in the state of pará, brazil. | this study aimed to investigate the frequency of homologous antibodies of igg class against borrelia burgdorferi in buffaloes in the state of pará, brazil. blood serum samples from 491 buffaloes were analyzed by means of the indirect elisa test, using crude antigen produced from a cultivar of the north american strain g39/40 of b. burgdorferi. there were 412 positive samples (83.91%), and there was no statistically significant difference in the proportions of positive animals between the 81.69% ... | 2012 | 23070455 |
| primary embryonic cells of rhipicephalus microplus and amblyomma cajennense ticks as a substrate for the development of borrelia burgdorferi (strain g39/40). | borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme borreliosis, is a spirochetes transmitted by ticks to humans and animals. its cultivation in vitro in tick cells allows studies of its biology and provides methodology for future research in brazil, and for the isolation of borrelia spp. we examined in vitro the characteristics of embryonic cells of rhipicephalus microplus and amblyomma cajennense in cell culture and investigated the suitability of embryonic cells as a substrate for cultivation of b. burgd ... | 2012 | 22990829 |
| purification and characterization of hb 98-114: a novel hemoglobin-derived antimicrobial peptide from the midgut of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the antimicrobial activity of hemoglobin fragments (hemocidins) has been reported in a variety of models. the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is a blood sucking arthropod from where the first in vivo-generated hemocidin was characterized (hb 33-61). in the present work we identified a novel antimicrobial peptide from the midgut of fully engorged r. (b.) microplus females, which comprises the amino acids 98-114 of the alpha subunit of bovine hemoglobin, and was designated hb 98-11 ... | 2012 | 22749988 |
| chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from hyptis crenata growing in the brazilian cerrado. | essential oils from species of the genus hyptis are well-known for their significant biological properties, including antimicrobial and acaricidal activities. the essential oil from the aerial parts of h. crenata was obtained by hydrodistillation; bomeol (17.8%), 1,8-cineol (15.6%) and p-cimene (7.9%) were characterized by gc-ms as its major constituents. the essential oil was evaluated in vitro for its antimicrobial activities against six fungal and five bacterial strains, by measuring the resp ... | 2012 | 23157018 |
| coxiella symbionts are widespread into hard ticks. | ticks are blood-feeding arthropods and can harbor several bacteria, including the worldwide zoonotic disease q-fever agent coxiella burnetii. recent studies have reported a distinct group of coxiella mostly associated with ixodidae ticks, including the primary endosymbionts of amblyomma americanum. in the present work, a screening for coxiella infection was performed by 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) gene analyses in 293 tick samples of 15 different species sampled worldwide, including brazil, colombi ... | 2016 | 27595990 |