| haemonchus contortus calreticulin binds to c-reactive protein of its host, a novel survival strategy of the parasite. | calreticulin (calr), a ca(2+) binding multifunctional protein, is secreted by the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus. we have earlier observed binding of this protein to a 24-kda polypeptide (p24) present in an enriched preparation of prothrombin. in the present study, the identity of p24 was established as a c-reactive protein (crp) by several criteria. calr binding to crp is an elegant strategy devised by the parasite to survive in the host. the secreted calr may achieve this either by li ... | 2008 | 18422872 |
| [prolactin as a modulator of antiparasitic immunity]. | prolactin (prl) is a polypeptide hormone of the pituitary origin, that expresses over 300 separate biological activities, including its involvement in the regulation of immune functions. the hormone's immune capacities are related, among others, to comitogenic activity, prevention of immune cell apoptosis, stimulation of interleukins and antibodies production. prolactin acts as a potent positive modulator of immunity to some protozoan parasites. it is well established that the hormone stimulates ... | 2007 | 18441871 |
| arrested development of sheep strongyles: onset and resumption under field conditions of central europe. | two tracer tests were conducted between august 2004 and march 2007 at an ecological farm in western bohemia. the first tracer test was performed for the summer-autumn grazing period (onset of arrested development), the second for spring (resumption of arrested development). in the first tracer test, the percentage of nematodes arresting development over the winter months reached 87.7% for teladorsagia circumcincta, 66.7% for haemonchus contortus, 89.9% for nematodirus filicollis, 21.6% for trich ... | 2008 | 18454350 |
| inheritance of faecal nematode egg count in barbari goats following natural haemonchus contortus infection. | genetic parameters for faecal nematode egg count were estimated in naturally infected barbari goats maintained at the central institute for research on goats, makhdoom, mathura, india, over a period of 5 years (1999 through 2003). faecal egg count (fec) data on 891 records of barbari goats descended from 69 bucks and 241 does were used in this study. analyses were carried out by restricted maximum likelihood (reml), fitting an animal model and ignoring or including maternal genetic or permanent ... | 2008 | 18495346 |
| effects of sheep and cattle alternate grazing on sheep parasitism and production. | production of sheep (nursing ewes) grazing alternately with cattle (growing weaned heifers) was compared to the production of sheep or cattle grazing alone (controls). pasture production and sheep parasitism were also monitored. the herbage allowance was higher for the control heifers than for the alternate heifers, but the leaf to green material ratio (lgmr) was lower, and no difference on heifer growth was revealed (443 vs. 431g.d(-1), p = 0.54). the lgmr was higher for the alternate sheep (+3 ... | 2009 | 18496761 |
| a family of cathepsin b cysteine proteases expressed in the gut of the human hookworm, necator americanus. | mrnas encoding cathepsin b-like cysteine proteases (catbs) are abundantly expressed in the genomes of blood-feeding nematodes. recombinant catbs have been partially efficacious in vaccine trials in animal models of hookworm infection, supporting further investigation of these enzymes as new control tools. we recently described a family of four distinct catbs (na-cp-2, -3, -4, -5) from the human hookworm, necator americanus. here we show that these n. americanus catbs form a robust clade with oth ... | 2008 | 18501979 |
| anthelmintic acetogenin from annona squamosa l. seeds. | annona squamosa seeds extracts showed anthelmintic activity against haemonchus contortus, the main nematode of sheep and goat in northeastern brazil. a compound 1 was isolated from ethyl acetate extract and inhibited the egg hatching of h. contortus at 25 mg ml(-1). the structure of 1 was determined as a c37 trihydroxy adjacent bistetrahydrofuran acetogenin based on spectroscopic analysis. | 2008 | 18506253 |
| the effect of long-term feeding of fresh and ensiled cassava (manihot esculenta) foliage on gastrointestinal nematode infections in goats. | the benefit of long-term feeding of fresh or ensiled cassava foliage on gastrointestinal parasite in goats was evaluated. eighteen male goats (15.15 +/- 2.83 kg and between 4-6 months) were randomly allocated into three treatments supplemented with 200 g of wheat bran head(-1) day(-1). all groups were fed ad-libitum on either grass (co), fresh cassava (caf) or ensiled cassava foliage (cas). at the beginning of the trial, each goat was inoculated with 3000 l3 containing approximately 50% haemonch ... | 2009 | 18516697 |
| genome evolution in caenorhabditis. | since the completion of the caenorhabditis elegans genome sequence 10 years ago, efforts of the large community of c. elegans geneticists have resulted in a high-quality annotation of the structures and sequence relatedness of nearly all the protein encoding and rna genes. based on increasingly accurate gene counts in other species, it now appears that c. elegans has more functional genes than most insects and approximately the same number as most mammals. in the last few years, draft genome seq ... | 2008 | 18573804 |
| interaction between the effects of evaporation rate and amount of simulated rainfall on development of the free-living stages of haemonchus contortus. | a factorial experiment (3 x 4 x 2 x 3) was conducted in programmable incubators to investigate interaction between the effects of rainfall amount, rainfall distribution and evaporation rate on development of haemonchus contortus to l3. sheep faeces containing h. contortus eggs were incubated on sterilised soil under variable temperatures typical of summer in the northern tablelands of nsw, australia. simulated rainfall was applied in 1 of 3 amounts (12, 24 or 32 mm) and 4 distributions (a single ... | 2008 | 18586404 |
| the intestinal contortin structure in haemonchus contortus: an immobilised anticoagulant? | contortin was the first intestinal antigen of the sheep parasite haemonchus contortus which induced significant levels of protection when used to vaccinate lambs. this antigen is present in the intestine of l4 and adult worms as a helical polymeric structure attached to the luminal surface of the intestinal cells. however, the nature of the protein itself and its function have never been reported. in the present study, contortin was isolated and analysed by peptide mass fingerprint and lc/ms-ms. ... | 2008 | 18599060 |
| attempts to establish rna interference in the parasitic nematode heligmosomoides polygyrus. | to analyze the potential of rna interference (rnai) in the intestinal nematode heligmosomoides polygyrus, we delivered double-stranded rna (dsrna) of tropomyosin to various life stages of the parasite. three different methods were examined for their potential use. first, feeding of recombinant bacteria that expressed dsrna did neither result in phenotypical changes of h. polygyrus nor in a significant reduction of tropomyosin mrna levels. in contrast, feeding of such bacteria to caenorhabditis e ... | 2008 | 18606194 |
| the anthelmintic activity of the cyclotides: natural variants with enhanced activity. | the cyclotides are a family of backbone-cyclised cystine-knot-containing peptides from plants that possess anthelmintic activity against haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis, two important gastrointestinal nematode parasites of sheep. in the current study, we investigated the in vitro effects of newly discovered natural cyclotides on the viability of larval and adult life stages of these pests. the natural variants cycloviolacin o2, cycloviolacin o3, cycloviolacin o8, cyclovio ... | 2008 | 18618891 |
| interaction between the nematophagous fungus duddingtonia flagrans and infective larvae of haemonchus contortus (nematoda: trichostrongyloidea). | the interaction between duddingtonia flagrans and infective larvae of haemonchus contortus was studied in vitro under optical and scanning electron microscopy. trap formation by the fungus started 9 hours after inoculation and first larvae were found 11 hours after larval inoculation on colonies grown on the surface of dialysis membranes. scanning electron micrographs were taken 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after larval predation. details of predation structures and fungus-larvae interaction are describe ... | 2008 | 18620628 |
| effect of homeopathic medicines on helminth parasitism and resistance of haemonchus contortus infected sheep. | this study evaluated the effects of homeopathic treatment on control of haemonchus contortus infection in sheep. twenty lambs were randomized to three treatments: treated with the homeopathic medicines, ferrum phosphoricum, arsenicum album and calcarea carbonica; treated with a conventional antihelminthic, doramectin, and an untreated control group. fecal and blood samples were taken from each animal on days 18, 38 and 68 after start of treatment. a significant reduction in number of h. contortu ... | 2008 | 18657774 |
| intestinal transcriptomes of nematodes: comparison of the parasites ascaris suum and haemonchus contortus with the free-living caenorhabditis elegans. | the nematode intestine is a major organ responsible for nutrient digestion and absorption; it is also involved in many other processes, such as reproduction, innate immunity, stress responses, and aging. the importance of the intestine as a target for the control of parasitic nematodes has been demonstrated. however, the lack of detailed knowledge on the molecular and cellular functions of the intestine and the level of its conservation across nematodes has impeded breakthroughs in this applicat ... | 2008 | 18682827 |
| multivariate spatially-structured variability of ovine helminth infections. | a cross-sectional survey was carried out on 2004-2005 in the campania region, southern italy, to study the multivariate geographical distribution of four different sheep helminths, i.e. fasciola hepatica (liver fluke), calicophoron (paramphistomum) daubneyi (rumen fluke), dicrocoelium dendriticum (lancet fluke), and the gastrointestinal strongyle haemonchus contortus. a series of multivariate bayesian hierarchical models based on square root transformation of faecal egg counts were performed. th ... | 2007 | 18686259 |
| experimental concurrent infection of afar breed goats with oestrus ovis (l1) and haemonchus contortus (l3): interaction between parasite populations, changes in parasitological and basic haematological parameters. | the study was conducted to examine the occurrence and interaction between oestrus ovis and haemonchus contortus in experimentally infected ethiopian afar breed of goats. twenty goats were divided into four groups (o, oh, h, and c) of five animals each. each animal of groups o and oh received weekly infections for 5 weeks with 66 first instar larvae (l1) of o. ovis. then animals of groups oh and h were infected with a single dose of 5000 third stage larvae (l3) of h. contortus. goats of group c w ... | 2008 | 18691574 |
| prevalence of helminths in water buffaloes in hunan province, china. | the prevalence of helminths in the asian water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) was investigated in hunan province, people's republic of china between april 2005 and october 2007. a total of 359 adult buffaloes slaughtered at local abattoirs in 12 representative geographical locations in hunan province were examined for the presence of helminths. the worms were examined, counted and identified to species according to existing keys and descriptions. a total of 13 helminth species were found representi ... | 2009 | 18704740 |
| parasites of sheep and goats and their prevalence in bokova, a rural area of buea sub division, cameroon. | small ruminant production in the south west province of cameroon is practised mostly by subsistence farmers in the rural areas on natural grass pastures which grow once the primary forest has been cleared. investigations revealed certain endo- and ectoparasites that were abundant and caused problems on the pastures to both animals and farmers. haemonchus contortus was the most prevalent species with a prevalence of 94.23%. the highest mean monthly intensity was obtained in august and there was a ... | 2008 | 18707810 |
| molecular and phylogenetic characterization of cytochromes c from haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus vitrinus (nematoda: trichostrongylida). | although cytochrome c genes (cyt c) and proteins (cyt c) have been relatively well studied in mammals, very little is known about them in parasitic helminths. in the present study, we investigated this group of molecules in haemonchus contortus (barber's pole worm) and trichostrongylus vitrinus (black scour worm), two parasitic nematodes of small ruminants. the cyt c gene (512 bp) of h. contortus had one intron and encoded a transcript of 345 nucleotides, whilst that of t. vitrinus (792 bp) had ... | 2008 | 18718861 |
| dose determination studies for monepantel, an amino-acetonitrile derivative, against fourth stage gastro-intestinal nematode larvae infecting sheep. | monepantel is the first compound from the recently discovered amino-acetonitrile derivative (aad) class of anthelmintics to be developed for use in sheep. three dose determination studies were conducted in australia and switzerland to identify the minimum therapeutic dose of monepantel when formulated for the oral treatment of sheep to control fourth stage (l4) gastro-intestinal nematode larvae. in each study, sheep infected with the target nematodes (selected from haemonchus contortus, teladors ... | 2008 | 18760536 |
| linear distribution of nematodes in the gastrointestinal tract of tracer lambs. | forty-eight tracer lambs were killed in 2004-2007. the abomasum, duodenum, small intestine (jejunum and ileum), colon and caecum were collected and processed for parasites enumeration and identification-mucosal scrapings of both abomasums and intestines were digested. out of 48 gastrointestinal tracts examined, all were found to be positive for nematode infection. seventeen species of gastrointestinal nematodes were recovered: bunostomum trigonocephalum, cooperia curticei, haemonchus contortus, ... | 2008 | 18766377 |
| effect of the consumption of lysiloma latisiliquum on the larval establishment of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. | the consumption of tannin-rich (tr) forages has been associated with negative effects against gastrointestinal nematodes and with an improved host resilience. it has been hypothesized that tannins affect the capacity of infective larvae to establish in the mucosae of the host. in this study, we aimed at testing this hypothesis using lysiloma latisiliquum, a tropical tr tree. the objectives were: (i) to evaluate the effect of the consumption of l. latisiliquum on the establishment of nematode thi ... | 2008 | 18771854 |
| anthelmintic efficacy and dose determination of albizia anthelmintica against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected ugandan sheep. | weight loss, stunted growth, and death caused by gastrointestinal parasites are major constraints to livestock productivity, especially in tropical and developing countries where regular use, and misuse, of anthelmintics has led to nematode resistance. albizia anthelmintica brong. (fabaceae) is traditionally employed throughout east africa to treat helminth parasitosis in livestock. reported efficacy has varied from 90% against mixed nematodes to just 19% against haemonchus contortus alone. the ... | 2008 | 18774230 |
| back to the future: developing hypotheses on the effects of climate change on ovine parasitic gastroenteritis from historical data. | although the influence of temperature and moisture on the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes has been described in detail, and evidence for global climate change is mounting, serious attempts to relate altered incidence or seasonal patterns of disease to climate change are lacking. in great britain, veterinary surveillance laboratory diagnoses of ovine parasitic gastroenteritis (pge) have been categorised in species groups and recorded since 1975. here we present a detailed analysi ... | 2008 | 18824303 |
| vertical migration of haemonchus contortus third stage larvae on brachiaria decumbens grass. | the present study aimed at evaluating the vertical migration of haemonchus contortus third stage larvae (l3) on brachiaria decumbens grass, as well as at verifying whether larval numbers on pasture varies over the day due to climatic conditions. feces containing h. contortus l3 were deposited on the soil in the middle of herbage which was initially 30 cm high. seven days later, samples of different herbage strata (0-10, 10-20 and >20 cm), remaining feces and a layer of approximately 1cm soil wer ... | 2008 | 18824304 |
| isolation and immunolocalization of a putative protective antigen (p26/23) from adult haemonchus contortus. | the putative protective antigen, p26/23, from adult haemonchus contortus was isolated. a soluble extract from adult helminths obtained from the abomasa of hyperinfected (12,000 infective larvae) female manchego lambs and treated with a mixture of protease inhibitors was subjected to affinity chromatography (hexylgluthatione) to eliminate the enzyme gluthatione s-transferase. the eluate was analyzed by electrophoresis under denaturing and reducing conditions (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide ... | 2009 | 18825413 |
| immunobiological characterization of graphidium strigosum experimental infection in rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus). | an experimental infection of rabbits with a wild isolate of the gastric nematode graphidium strigosum was carried out. animals (3.5 months age) were infected with 1,000 l3 administered by bucoesophagic catheter (five rabbits) or kept as uninfected control group (five animals). the infection was maintained for 3 months. along the experimental period, some parasitological, hematological and immunological parameters were determined. prepatent period of the infection ranged from 30 to 38 days and, a ... | 2009 | 18830629 |
| epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep managed under traditional husbandry system in kashmir valley. | the present study was conducted with the objective to investigate the seasonal epidemiological prevalence of gastrointestinal tract (git) nematodes in different age groups, sexes and breeds (genotypes) of sheep through necropsy and faecal analysis over a period of 2 years in kashmir valley, india. a total of 1533 sheep were examined [faecal examination: 1035 (year 1: 561, year 2: 474); necropsy: 498 (year 1: 232, year 2: 266)]. out of these, 945 (61.64%) were found infected [faecal examination: ... | 2008 | 18838225 |
| genetics of mating and sex determination in the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus. | genetic analysis of parasitic nematodes has been a neglected area of research and the basic genetics of this important group of pathogens are poorly understood. haemonchus contortus is one of the most economically significant livestock parasites worldwide and is a key experimental model for the strongylid nematode group that includes many important human and animal pathogens. we have undertaken a study of the genetics and the mode of mating of this parasite using microsatellite markers. inherita ... | 2008 | 18854587 |
| a preliminary note on a complement fixation test to detect circulating antibodies in sheep infested with haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus spp. | | 1948 | 18871106 |
| the anthelmintic efficiency of phenothiazine sulphoxide against haemonchus contortus and certain large bowel parasites of sheep. | | 1948 | 18871107 |
| the effect of hemopoietic dietary factors on the resistance of lambs to parasitism with the stomach worm, haemonchus contortus. | | 1948 | 18891540 |
| determination of the effective dose rate for monepantel (aad 1566) against adult gastro-intestinal nematodes in sheep. | monepantel (aad 1566) is the first compound from the recently discovered amino-acetonitrile derivative (aad) class of anthelmintics to be developed for use in sheep. three dose determination studies were conducted in australia and europe to identify the therapeutic dose of monepantel, when formulated for the oral treatment of sheep, to control adult gastro-intestinal nematodes. in each study, sheep infected with various nematode species were treated with either 1.25, 2.5 or 5.0mg monepantel/kg b ... | 2009 | 18950633 |
| eprinomectin 'pour-on' and the shedding of haemonchus contortus eggs in experimentally infected goats. | the effect of eprinomectin on goats experimentally infected with the nematode haemonchus contortus was investigated. faecal analysis showed that a single dose of eprinomectin 'pour-on' delayed the onset of shedding of eggs for 10 to 17 days. | 2008 | 18959535 |
| effect of plant trichomes on the vertical migration of haemonchus contortus infective larvae on five tropical forages. | the influence of trichomes on vertical migration and survival of haemonchus contortus infective larvae (l3) on different forages was investigated. four different forages showing different distributions of trichomes (brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu, brachiaria brizantha cv. xaraes, andropogon gayanus, and stylosanthes spp.), and one forage species without trichomes (panicum maximum cv. tanzania), were used. forages cut at the post-grazing height were contaminated with faeces containing l3. sampl ... | 2009 | 18975119 |
| exploring transcriptional conservation between ancylostoma caninum and haemonchus contortus by oligonucleotide microarray and bioinformatic analyses. | in this study, we identified, using an established oligonucleotide microarray platform for the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus, transcripts that are 'conserved' between serum-activated and non-activated l3s of ancylostoma caninum (al3 and l3, respectively) and h. contortus by cross-species hybridization (csh) at high stringency and conducted extensive bioinformatic analyses of the cross-hybridizing expressed sequence tags (ests). the microarray analysis revealed significant differential ... | 2009 | 18977290 |
| serum antibody responses in creole kids experimentally infected with haemonchus contortus. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of parasite-specific serum antibodies with the resistance status of creole kids. the average breeding values on egg output predicted in a context of natural infection at 11 months of age were distant of 1.07 genetic standard deviation between resistant and susceptible animals. after drenching the animals were maintained worm-free during 1 month until experimental infection with 10,000 haemonchus contortus infective larvae (l3). enzyme- ... | 2008 | 18995967 |
| three-dimensional reconstruction of the amphid sensilla in the microbial feeding nematode, acrobeles complexus (nematoda: rhabditida). | amphid sensilla are the primary olfactory, chemoreceptive, and thermoreceptive organs in nematodes. their function is well described for the model organism caenorhabditis elegans, but it is not clear to what extent we can generalize these findings to distantly related nematodes of medical, economic, and agricultural importance. current detailed descriptions of anatomy and sensory function are limited to nematodes that recent molecular phylogenies would place in the same taxonomic family, the rha ... | 2009 | 19003904 |
| identification of a thrombospondin-like immunodominant and phosphorylcholine-containing glycoprotein (gp300) in dictyocaulus viviparus and related nematodes. | gp300 is a high molecular weight glycoprotein of the bovine lungworm dictyocaulus viviparus. the n-linked glycans are substituted with phosphorylcholine (pc) giving it immunomodulatory potential. gp300 is highly immunogenic and its recognition by ige antibodies is correlated with protection against infection. here we identified and characterized the protein backbone of gp300. mass spectrometric analysis on purified gp300 and dna sequencing of the corresponding gene indicated that gp300 is a thro ... | 2009 | 19007821 |
| haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis did not adapt to long-term exposure to sheep that were genetically resistant or susceptible to nematode infections. | we tested the hypothesis that haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis would adapt to long-term exposure to sheep that were either genetically resistant or susceptible to h. contortus. sheep genotypes were from lines with 10 years prior selection for low (resistant, r) or high (susceptible, s) faecal worm egg count (wec) following h. contortus infection. long-term exposure of h. contortus and t.colubriformis to r or s genotypes was achieved using serial passage for up to 30 nemato ... | 2009 | 19027020 |
| assessing the efficacy of duddingtonia flagrans chlamydospores per gram of faeces to control haemonchus contortus larvae. | the aims were (a) to quantify the number of duddingtonia flagrans chlamydospores per gram of faeces (cpg) recovered from sheep administered with different oral doses and, (b) to describe the relationship between cpg and eggs per gram of faeces (epg) on the efficacy to reduce haemonchus contortus infective larvae. three doses of chlamydospores per kg bw were orally administered during seven days: (t1) non treated control group, (t2) 1 x 10(6), (t3) 2.5 x 10(6) and (t4) 5 x 10(6). three lambs, inf ... | 2008 | 19028012 |
| relative economic benefits of tactical anthelmintic treatment and urea-molasses block supplementation of boer goats raised under extensive grazing conditions at onderstepoort, pretoria, south africa. | the potential economic benefits of combining tactical anthelmintic treatment for gastrointestinal nematodes and nutritional supplementation with urea-molasses blocks were examined in boer goats raised under extensive grazing conditions in the summer rainfall area of south africa. eight groups of nine goats were monitored over a 12-month period from 1 october 2002 to 9 october 2003. ad libitum nutritional supplementation with urea-molasses blocks was provided when the goats were housed at night, ... | 2008 | 19040138 |
| anthelmintic activity of cocos nucifera l. against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. | the development of anthelmintic resistance has made the search for alternatives to control gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants imperative. among these alternatives are several medicinal plants traditionally used as anthelmintics. this work evaluated the efficacy of cocos nucifera fruit on sheep gastrointestinal parasites. the ethyl acetate extract obtained from the liquid of green coconut husk fiber (lgchf) was submitted to in vitro and in vivo tests. the in vitro assay was based on eg ... | 2009 | 19042088 |
| molecular characterization of an expressed sequence tag representing the cuticle-degrading serine protease gene (pii) from the nematophagous fungus arthrobotrys oviformis by differential display technology. | the technology of mrna-based differential display reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (ddrt-pcr) was used to detect a 246-bp differentially expressed fragment from the nematophagous fungus arthrobotrys oviformis when young mycelia were induced with the round worm haemonchus contortus. the fragment was converted into an expressed sequence tag (est) through characterization at the molecular level. homology search indicated that the differentially expressed fragment originated from the ... | 2008 | 19048499 |
| anthelmintic activity of cyclotides: in vitro studies with canine and human hookworms. | hookworm infection is a leading cause of maternal and child morbidity in countries of the tropics and subtropics, as well as being an important parasite in companion-animal medicine. the cyclotides are a novel family of cyclic cystine knot containing peptides from plants that have been shown to possess anthelmintic activity against haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis, two important gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. in the current study we demonstrated the in vitro effects ... | 2009 | 19059189 |
| antibodies to surface epitopes of the carbohydrate larval antigen carla are associated with passive protection in strongylid nematode challenge infections. | sheep were immunized by multiple truncated infections with the gastrointestinal nematodes trichostrongylus colubriformis, haemonchus contortus and teladorsagia circumcincta. three infections with t. colubriformis of 14 days plus five booster doses of l3 stimulated highly effective protection against challenge (99%). three infections of 14 days plus three booster doses with h. contortus also resulted in significant protection against challenge infection (87%), but the same procedure was not effec ... | 2008 | 19067838 |
| availability of gastro-intestinal nematode larvae to sheep following winter contamination of pasture with six nematode species on the northern tablelands of new south wales. | this experiment was designed to determine the infective consequences of winter pasture contamination by sheep infected with 6 species of trichostrongylid gastro-intestinal nematode (gin) at armidale in the new england region of nsw. ten helminthologically inert pasture plots were contaminated using 'donor' sheep harbouring artificial infections of haemonchus contortus, trichostrongylus colubriformis, trichostrongylus vitrinus, trichostrongylus axei, nematodirus spathiger and teladorsagia circumc ... | 2009 | 19070435 |
| anthelmintic activity of extracts of artemisia absinthium against ovine nematodes. | the increasing prevalence of anthelmintic resistant strains of helminths, drug residues in animal products and high cost of conventional anthelmintics has created an interest in studying medicinal plants as an alternative source of anthelmintics. artemisia absinthium linn. (tethwen) is used traditionally by people as a vermifuge in addition to its other livestock uses. the objective of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of crude aqueous extracts (cae) and crude ethanolic extrac ... | 2009 | 19070963 |
| prevalence of anthelmintic resistance on sheep and goat farms in the southeastern united states. | to determine prevalence of anthelmintic resistance on sheep and goat farms in the southeastern united states. | 2008 | 19072608 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of anthelmintics sold on ethiopian markets against haemonchus contortus in experimentally infected sheep. | a total of 54 lambs, aged between 6-8 months were experimentally infected with haemonchus contortus to evaluate the efficacy of different anthelmintic brands sold on ethiopian markets using the faecal egg count reduction test (fecrt) and controlled anthelmintic efficacy trial. accordingly four different albendazole (alzole, analgon-300, albenjung_s and ahshialben-300), two tetramisole (tetsole and ashitetra 600) and two tetramisole-oxyclozanide (tetraclozan sheep and tetraclozash 900) brands wer ... | 2009 | 19082869 |
| genotyping of benzimidazole susceptible and resistant alleles in different populations of haemonchus contortus from himalayan and sub-himalayan regions of north-west india. | an allele-specific pcr was standardized to diagnose the mutation (phe to try) at residue 200 of the isotype 1 beta tubulin gene responsible for benzimidazole resistance in haemonchus contortus adult and infective larvae. adult and infective larvae of haemonchus contortus were collected from sheep under different managemental practices (intensive and extensive) in temperate himalayan regions (mukteshwar and kedarkhatta), sub-himalayan region (pantnagar) of uttarakhand state and subtropical region ... | 2009 | 19101817 |
| comparison of two versions of larval development test to detect anthelmintic resistance in haemonchus contortus. | larval development (ldt) and micro-agar larval development tests (maldt) were used to compare the reliability and sensitivity of two methods for detecting anthelmintic resistance in haemonchus contortus. the tests were conducted using three resistant and four susceptible isolates of h. contortus. both versions of the tests provided comparable results with regard to the characterization of benzimidazole and levamisole susceptibility but neither test was sufficiently sensitive to discrimination be ... | 2009 | 19110379 |
| a unique thioredoxin of the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus with glutaredoxin activity. | the dependency of parasites on the cellular redox systems has led to their investigation as novel drug targets. defence against oxidative damage is through the thioredoxin and glutathione systems. the classic thioredoxin is identified by the active site cys-gly-pro-cys (cgpc). here we describe the identification of a unique thioredoxin in the parasitic nematode, haemonchus contortus. this thioredoxin-related protein, termed hctrx5, has an arginine in its active site (cys-arg-ser-cys; crsc) that ... | 2009 | 19111609 |
| in vitro nematocidal activity of plant extracts of mexican flora against haemonchus contortus fourth larval stage. | fourteen plant extracts were evaluated in vitro against the fourth larval stage of haemonchus contortus. the plants species used were tagetes erecta, argemone mexicana, and castela tortuosa. the assays were run in 24-well cell culture plates at room temperature with three replicates. after exposure, aliquots were taken from the corresponding wells and transferred to a microscope for observation. evaluation criteria were based on the average of live and/or dead larvae. anova test and tukey test w ... | 2008 | 19120198 |
| evaluation of multinutritional pellets containing duddingtonia flagrans chlamydospore for the control of ovine haemonchosis. | this research evaluated the use of multinutritional pellets (mp) containing duddingtonia flagrans chlamydospores as vehicles for oral administration in sheep against haemonchus contortus. pellets containing urea, wheat coat, soy meal, molasses, and d. flagrans chlamydospores were offered for 10 days to six nematode-free sheep (group 1, treated). group 2 (control), also six nematode-free sheep, was supplied for the same period with nonfungi pellets. feces were collected daily from each animal and ... | 2008 | 19120199 |
| lethal activity of two bacillus thuringiensis strains against haemonchus contortus histotropic larvae. | the in vitro lethal activity of two bacillus thuringiensis strains (ib-16 and ib-61) against haemonchus contortus histotropic fourth stage larvae (l(4)) was evaluated. each b. thuringiensis strain was used as soluble proteins at different concentrations. in addition, the in vitro lethal dose (ld(50)) of each strain was determined against h. contortus l(4) at different times. data were analyzed by anova and tukey tests. less than 50% mortality was observed at 50 and 100 microg/ml during all bioas ... | 2008 | 19120200 |
| phenotype characterization of pelibuey native lambs resistant to haemonchus contortus. | specific phenotypic traits of the blood-feeder nematode haemonchus contortus were characterized on pelibuey native, cross-breed sheep in a tropical region of mexico with background of anthelmintic problems. data were collected on 4-month-old lambs (n= 63) and analyzed weekly in three stages: stage 1 (s1, not infected (0-3 weeks)); s2, first infection with 350 h. contortus infective larvae (l(3)) per kg of body weight by oral route (3-10 weeks); and s3, second infection with 175 h. contortus l(3) ... | 2008 | 19120204 |
| fmrfamide-like neuropeptides as putative ligands of the latrophilin-like hc110-r from haemonchus contortus. | the latrophilin-like receptor hc110-r of the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus has been previously identified as a target for the novel anthelmintic drug emodepside, but the natural ligand(s) remained completely unknown to date. here, we investigate 11 different fmrfamide-like neuropeptides as putative ligands by surface plasmon resonance with an immobilized recombinant 54kda aminoterminal fragment of hc110-r as an interaction partner. af1, af10 and pf2 exhibit binding with low affinities ... | 2009 | 19126419 |
| dose confirmation studies for monepantel, an amino-acetonitrile derivative, against fourth stage gastro-intestinal nematode larvae infecting sheep. | monepantel is the first compound from the recently discovered amino-acetonitrile derivative (aad) class of anthelmintics to be developed for use in sheep. nine dose confirmation studies were conducted in australia, new zealand and switzerland to confirm the minimum therapeutic oral dose of monepantel to control fourth stage (l4) gastro-intestinal nematode larvae in sheep (target species were haemonchus contortus, teladorsagia (ostertagia) circumcincta, teladorsagia trifurcata, trichostrongylus a ... | 2009 | 19135310 |
| in vitro effects of cucurbita moschata seed extracts on haemonchus contortus. | this study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro effect of cucurbita moschata seed against the parasitic nematode of small ruminants haemonchus contortus. three extracts (aqueous, methanolic and dichloromethane) of c. moschata seed were tested in vitro on four developmental stages of h. contortus using egg hatch assay (eha), larval development assay (lda), l3 migration inhibition (lmi) assay and adult worm motility (awm) assay. the highly significant (p<0.001) ability to stop larval developme ... | 2009 | 19135803 |
| evaluation of the famacha system for detecting the severity of anaemia in sheep from southern italy. | since it was first developed in south africa, the famacha system has been successfully tested in different geographic area where haemonchus contortus is the major gastrointestinal (gi) strongyle species of sheep. the present study, the first on the use of the famacha system in italy, was aimed at obtaining a complete haematological profile in sheep with gi strongyle infection, in order to evaluate the validity of the famacha system for detecting the severity of anaemia in sheep from southern ita ... | 2009 | 19153013 |
| molecular detection of benzimidazole resistance in haemonchus contortus using real-time pcr and pyrosequencing. | benzimidazoles (bz) are widely used to treat parasitic nematode infections of humans and animals, but resistance is widespread in veterinary parasites. several polymorphisms in beta-tubulin genes have been associated with bz-resistance. in the present study, we investigated beta-tubulin isotype 1 sequences of 18 haemonchus contortus isolates with varying levels of resistance to thiabendazole. the only polymorphism whose frequency was significantly increased in the resistant isolates was ttc to t ... | 2009 | 19154653 |
| anthelmintic resistance in swedish sheep flocks based on a comparison of the results from the faecal egg count reduction test and resistant allele frequencies of the beta-tubulin gene. | a faecal egg count reduction test (fecrt) survey was conducted during the grazing season 2006 and 2007 to provide an updated indication of the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in sheep flocks in sweden. a total of 1330 faecal samples from 90 flocks on 45 farms, with a minimum of 20 ewes each, was collected by local sheep veterinarians. per treatment group, approximately 15 lambs were dewormed either with oral suspensions of ivermectin (ivomec vet.) or albendazole (valbazen vet.). the effica ... | 2009 | 19155135 |
| efficacy of albendazole against nematode parasites isolated from a goat farm in ethiopia: relationship between dose and efficacy in goats. | a suspected case of albendazole resistance in a goat farm of hawassa university was examined using faecal egg count reduction test (fecrt), controlled anthelmintic efficacy test and egg hatch assay (eha) to verify the development of resistance and/or the need for higher doses of the drug in goats than in sheep. the experiment was conducted in 12 sheep (2 groups: treatment versus control) and 24 goats (4 groups: 3 treatments versus control, n = 6; per group) following artificial infection with in ... | 2009 | 19194779 |
| sequential microarray to identify timing of molecular responses to haemonchus contortus infection in sheep. | anthelmintics are currently the most common method of worm control. the emergence of worms with multiple-drug resistance and issues of residues in the food chain make alternative parasite control measures a priority. to develop improved and sustainable methods for controlling haemonchus contortus such as genetic selection of resistant sheep, a better understanding of the host-parasite relationship is required. a trial was undertaken using sheep surgically implanted with abomasal fistulas to enab ... | 2009 | 19200661 |
| the effect of dietary protein on the productivity of west african dwarf (wad) goats infected with haemonchus contortus. | the effects of increased dietary protein on the performance of west african dwarf (wad) goats infected with haemonchus contortus were investigated. 28 pubertal 9-12-month-old female goats were divided into two equal groups a and b and fed on high and low protein diets, respectively, from day 1 of pregnancy (day of mating) to 6 weeks post-partum. each animal was trickle infected with a total of 2400 infective larvae of h. contortus over 4 weeks starting from day 1 of pregnancy and the prepatent p ... | 2009 | 19251364 |
| analysis of the translationally controlled tumour protein in the nematodes ostertagia ostertagi and caenorhabditis elegans suggests a pivotal role in egg production. | the translationally controlled tumour protein (tctp) is a conserved protein which has been described for a wide range of eukaryotic organisms including protozoa, yeasts, plants, nematodes and mammals. several parasitic organisms have been shown to actively secrete tctp during host infection as part of their immuno-evasive strategy. in this study, we have studied tctp in ostertagia ostertagi, a parasitic nematode of cattle, and in the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans. an analysis of th ... | 2009 | 19285501 |
| intake and digestibility of naive kids differing in genetic resistance and experimentally parasitized (indoors) with haemonchus contortus in two successive challenges. | we evaluated the effects of infection with haemonchus contortus on feed intake, digestibility, fecal egg count, circulating eosinophils, and packed cell volume in creole kids differing in genetic resistance (susceptible, s; resistant, r) to gastrointestinal parasitism and maintained on a similar level of nutrition. the experiment was carried out during 2 periods of 6 wk each differing in immunity development stage. in the first period (acquisition of immunity; period i), 22 naïve male kids (23.4 ... | 2009 | 19286820 |
| genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci for resistance to haemonchus contortus in sheep. | this paper presents results from a mapping experiment to detect quantitative trait loci (qtl) for resistance to haemonchus contortus infestation in merino sheep. the primary trait analysed was faecal worm egg count in response to artificial challenge at 6 months of age. in the first stage of the experiment, whole genome linkage analysis was used for broad-scale mapping. the animal resource used was a designed flock comprising 571 individuals from four half-sib families. the average marker spacin ... | 2009 | 19291139 |
| moisture stress effects on survival of infective haemonchus contortus larvae. | water was evaporated from infective haemonchus contortus larvae suspended in tap, distilled and triple-distilled water, and the nematodes were then exposed to 50% and 75% relative humidity (rh) at 20, 30, 40, and 50 c. sample groups were rehydrated 4 hr daily in similar quality water, observed for motility, then returned to the same rh and temperature and re-evaporated. this was continued until all motility ceased. longest survival was 80 days at 20 c and 75% rh. in all temperature and rh combin ... | 1970 | 19322320 |
| a combined microscopic-molecular method for the diagnosis of strongylid infections in sheep. | we evaluated a combined microscopic-molecular approach for the diagnosis of key strongylid infections in sheep using panels of well-defined control and test samples. the method established is based on the separation of nematode eggs from faecal samples using a salt flotation procedure, the extraction and column-purification of genomic dna, followed by real-time pcr and melting-curve analysis. specific and semi-quantitative amplification from (a minimum of 0.1-2.0pg) genomic dna of haemonchus con ... | 2009 | 19328802 |
| ovicidal and larvicidal activity of crude extracts of maesa lanceolata and plectranthus punctatus against haemonchus contortus. | the widespread development of anthelmintic resistance and high cost of the conventional anthelmintic drugs, has limited the control of gastrointestinal nematode parasites of sheep and goats and hence led to evaluation of medicinal plants as an alternative source of anthelmintics. in the current study, in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of the leaves and fruits of the aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of maesa lanceolata and aerial parts of plectranthus punctatus were evaluated on the e ... | 2009 | 19330920 |
| an ivermectin-sensitive glutamate-gated chloride channel from the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus. | nematode glutamate-gated chloride channels are targets of the macrocyclic lactones, the most important group of anthelmintics available. in xenopus laevis oocytes, channels formed by the gluclalpha3b subunit from the parasite haemonchus contortus were more sensitive to l-glutamate (ec(50) = 27.6 +/- 2.7 microm) than those formed by the homologous subunit from caenorhabditis elegans (ec(50) = 2.2 +/- 0.12 mm). ibotenate was a partial agonist (ec(50) = 87.7 +/- 3.5 microm). the h. contortus channe ... | 2009 | 19336526 |
| microarray analysis reveals difference in gene expression profiles of hair and wool sheep infected with haemonchus contortus. | sheep infected with the abomasal parasite, haemonchus contortus, have reduced growth rates, decreased wool production, and anemia, and heavy infections may result in death. anthelmintic treatment can remove worms, but the cost of treatment and prevalence of drug-resistant worms has led to greater focus on genetic resistance of the host to parasitism. variation in parasite resistance exists within and among sheep breeds, and caribbean hair sheep have greater resistance than most conventional wool ... | 2009 | 19346008 |
| the potential to control haemonchus contortus in indigenous south african goats with copper oxide wire particles. | the high prevalence of resistance of haemonchus contortus to all major anthelmintic groups has prompted investigations into alternative control methods in south africa, including the use of copper oxide wire particle (cowp) boluses. to assess the efficacy of cowp against h. contortus in indigenous south african goats, 18 male faecal egg-count-negative goats were each given ca.1200 infective larvae of h. contortus three times per week during weeks 1 and 2 of the experiment. these animals made up ... | 2009 | 19346076 |
| ultraviolet light increases mortality of nematode larvae and can explain patterns of larval availability at pasture. | despite its documented effects on the viability of living organisms, the impact of ultraviolet (uv) light on the survival of parasitic nematode larvae has received surprisingly little attention. infective l3s of the trichostrongyloid nematodes haemonchus contortus, teladorsagia circumcinta and nematodirus battus, suspended in water, were exposed to direct uv irradiation in two experiments. in the first, during 6 days of constant illumination with uva lamps at intensities simulating sunlight at g ... | 2009 | 19358849 |
| haemonchus contortus acetylcholine receptors of the deg-3 subfamily and their role in sensitivity to monepantel. | gastro-intestinal nematodes in ruminants, especially haemonchus contortus, are a global threat to sheep and cattle farming. the emergence of drug resistance, and even multi-drug resistance to the currently available classes of broad spectrum anthelmintics, further stresses the need for new drugs active against gastro-intestinal nematodes. a novel chemical class of synthetic anthelmintics, the amino-acetonitrile derivatives (aads), was recently discovered and the drug candidate aad-1566 (monepant ... | 2009 | 19360096 |
| [the prevalence of gastro-intestinal nematodes in hair goats of the sanliurfa region]. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastro-intestinal nematodes in hair goats in sanliurfa region between november 2005 and november 2006. during this period, the alimentary canal from 1 or 2 goats was obtained from the municipal slaughterhouse each week. these were brought into the laboratory and examined for the presence of nematodes. gastro-intestinal tracts of 100 hair goats were examined. of these, 83 (83%) were found infected with nematodes. twenty nematode species wer ... | 2009 | 19367541 |
| anthelmintic resistant haemonchus contortus in a giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis) in florida. | a young male giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis) recently acquired by the lion country safari in loxahatchee, florida, was diagnosed and successfully treated for haemonchus infection while in quarantine. seven weeks after introduction into a group of resident giraffes, this giraffe presented with diarrhea. fecal evaluation revealed an extremely high count of 16,700 eggs/g, with larval identification of the parasite as haemonchus. a larval development assay showed resistance to the three classes of ... | 2009 | 19368252 |
| frequency of treatment and production performance using the famacha method compared with preventive control in ewes. | the rapid escalation of anthelmintic resistance in parasites suggests the adoption of different strategies for parasite control in small ruminants instead of relying only on the use of chemicals. the integrated system of parasite control (sicopa) program uses the famacha method, which is used to separately identify sheep that are resistant/resilient or susceptible to haemonchus contortus, or together with other management practices, such as pasture rotation or the monitoring of drug efficacy. th ... | 2009 | 19369007 |
| impact of rotational grazing on management of gastrointestinal nematodes in weaned lambs. | gastrointestinal nematode (gin) control for 'natural' or organic lamb production is needed, especially where haemonchus contortus is prevalent. the objective was to determine the impact of rotational grazing on gin infection of weaned lambs. in year 1, naturally infected katahdin lambs (120 days of age) were randomly assigned to graze (1) continuous bermudagrass (cb; n=14), (2) rotational bermudagrass moved every 3.5 days and returned to original plot 35 days later for three rotations (rb; n=14) ... | 2009 | 19394147 |
| an ac-5 cathepsin b-like protease purified from haemonchus contortus excretory secretory products shows protective antigen potential for lambs. | the immunogenic properties of cysteine proteases obtained from excretory/secretory products (es) of haemonchus contortus were investigated with a fraction purified with a recombinant h. contortus cystatin affinity column. the enrichment of h. contortus es for cysteine protease was confirmed with substrate sds-page gels since the cystatin-binding fraction activity was three times higher than total es, despite representing only 3% of total es. this activity was inhibited by a specific cysteine pro ... | 2009 | 19401141 |
| functional genomics of hsp-90 in parasitic and free-living nematodes. | heat shock protein 90 (hsp-90) is a highly conserved essential protein in eukaryotes. here we describe the molecular characterisation of hsp-90 from three nematodes, the free-living caenorhabditis elegans (ce) and the parasitic worms brugia pahangi (bp) and haemonchus contortus (hc). these molecules were functionally characterised by rescue of a ce-daf-21 (hsp-90) null mutant. our results show a gradient of rescue: the c. elegans endogenous gene provided full rescue of the daf-21 mutant, while h ... | 2009 | 19401205 |
| a th2 type of immune response is associated with increased resistance to haemonchus contortus in naturally infected gulf coast native lambs. | haemonchus contortus is one of the major nematode parasites causing substantial economic losses in small ruminant farming worldwide. recently, effectiveness of anthelmintic treatment has decreased due to an increasing problem of nematode populations that have developed resistance to anthelmintics. efforts to develop effective vaccines have had limited success. there are certain breeds of sheep that are relatively resistant to the parasite including gulf coast native (native) sheep. understanding ... | 2009 | 19406579 |
| is gastrointestinal strongyle faecal egg count influenced by hour of sample collection and worm burden in goats? | gastrointestinal (gi) strongyle infections remain one of the main constraints to goat production worldwide. although several indicators of gi strongyle infections have been proposed, faecal egg count (fec) techniques are the most common approaches for the estimation of prevalence and intensity of these parasites. however, fec may be subjected to a within-individual variation due to factors such as weather, season, random day-to-day variation and phase of the parasitic infection. a longitudinal s ... | 2009 | 19414222 |
| a survey on meat sheep farms in two regions of morocco on farm structure and the acceptability of the targeted selective treatment approach to worm control. | sheep production is very important in morocco and two regions (chaouia plain and semi-mountainous middle-atlas) play a significant role in this production. ten farms were investigated for nematode species and resistance each region. pooled material from each region provided evidence of benzimidazole resistance in teladorsagia in both regions; haemonchus contortus was resistant in the chaouia only. forty eight farms in chaouia and 27 farms in middle-atlas were given questionnaires in order to cha ... | 2009 | 19419816 |
| mapping the complement c1q binding site in haemonchus contortus calreticulin. | haemonchus contortus is an economically important gastrointestinal parasite of domestic animals. the parasite secretes calreticulin (calr), a ca(++) binding protein which modulates the host immune response. one way by which this protein acts is by inhibiting the classical complement pathway by binding to complement c1q protein. understanding calr-c1q interaction is important to develop methods to enhance host immune response. in this study, we have mapped the regions in the n-domain of calr that ... | 2009 | 19428671 |
| a dopamine-gated ion channel (hcggr3*) from haemonchus contortus is expressed in the cervical papillae and is associated with macrocyclic lactone resistance. | haemonchus contortus, a parasitic nematode of great economic importance, is a major challenge for the livestock industries. the parasite is controlled by nematocidal drugs, several of which target ligand-gated chloride channels (lgccs). in addition, drug resistance has become a major problem in controlling this parasite and other trichostrongylids. therefore, identification of new drug targets may assist in the discovery of novel drugs which is essential for maintaining the level of parasite con ... | 2009 | 19428673 |
| anthelmintic activity of ziziphus nummularia (bark) and acacia nilotica (fruit) against trichostrongylid nematodes of sheep. | ziziphus nummularia (rhamnaceae) and acacia nilotica (fabaceae) are being used as anthelmintics in ethnoveterinary medicinal system of pakistan. | 2009 | 19429379 |
| influence of earthworms on development of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes in goat faeces. | with the important infection of small ruminants by gastrointestinal nematodes, and in the face of reduced efficacy of anthelminthic treatments, a search for other biological options is necessary. the effect of earthworms on the free-living stages of haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis in faeces from goats naturally infected in tropical pastures was evaluated. two levels (0 vs 14 individuals per container) of indigenous earthworms (50% pontoscolex corethrus and 50% perionyx ex ... | 2009 | 19443123 |
| standardization of the egg hatch test for the detection of benzimidazole resistance in parasitic nematodes. | the ability to reliably detect anthelmintic resistance is a crucial part of resistance management. if data between countries are to be compared, the same test should give the same results in each laboratory. as the egg hatch test for benzimidazole resistance is used for both research and surveys, the ability of different laboratories to obtain similar results was studied through testing of known isolates of cyathostomins, haemonchus contortus, ostertagia ostertagi, and cooperia oncophora in prog ... | 2009 | 19452165 |
| resistance of different fungal structures of duddingtonia flagrans to the digestive process and predatory ability on larvae of haemonchus contortus and strongyloides papillosus in goat feces. | the dynamics of the passage of conidia, chlamydospores, and mycelia of the fungus duddingtonia flagrans through the digestive tracts of goats was evaluated. four groups with five goats each were formed. in the group conidia, each animal received 1 x 10(6) d. flagrans conidia per kilogram of live weight. in the group chlamydospore, each animal received 1 x 10(6) chlamydospores per kilogram of live weight. in the group mycelia, each animal received 1 g of mycelium mass per kilogram of live weight. ... | 2009 | 19471967 |
| mechanical recovery of inhibited cyathostomin larvae from equine intestinal tissue. | the stomacher is very widely used in food and medical research for extracting tissues. to determine whether nematode larvae were disrupted by the stomacher, l3 larvae of haemonchus contortus were homogenised for up to 40 min at full power but no larval disruption occurred. therefore, tissue from the mucosa and submucosa of the caecum of horses collected from a licenced abattoir was treated to determine whether inhibited cyathostomin larvae could be extracted. the optimum time on full power for a ... | 2009 | 19479280 |
| exploring the anthelmintic properties of australian native shrubs with respect to their potential role in livestock grazing systems. | we measured in vitro anthelmintic activity in extracts from 85 species of australian native shrub, with a view to identifying species able to provide a degree of worm control in grazing systems. approximately 40% of the species showed significant activity in inhibiting development of haemonchus contortus larvae. the most active extracts showed ic50 values of 60-300 microg/ml. pre-incubation with polyvinylpolypyrrolidine removed the activity from some extracts, implicating tannins as the bioactiv ... | 2009 | 19523255 |
| the relationship between the rapid rejection of haemonchus contortus larvae with cells and mediators in abomasal tissues in immune sheep. | rapid rejection or immune exclusion of challenge larvae is a well recognised phenomenon in sheep hypersensitised by repeated infection with gastrointestinal nematodes. while mast cells and globule leukocytes (gls) are typically associated with this rapid rejection response, the exact mechanisms and mediators involved are not known. this study has adapted a recently developed ex vivo tissue explant model to examine in more detail the cells and mediators involved in preventing establishment of hae ... | 2009 | 19540240 |
| p-glycoprotein interfering agents potentiate ivermectin susceptibility in ivermectin sensitive and resistant isolates of teladorsagia circumcincta and haemonchus contortus. | p-glycoprotein (p-gp) homologues, belonging to the atp binding cassette (abc) transporter family, are thought to play an important role in the resistance of gastro-intestinal nematode parasites against macrocyclic lactones. the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of various p-gp interfering compounds on the efficacy of ivermectin (ivm) in sensitive and resistant nematode isolates. the feeding of ivm resistant and sensitive teladorsagia circumcincta and haemonchus contortus first-s ... | 2009 | 19549355 |
| sheep helminth parasitic disease in south eastern scotland arising as a possible consequence of climate change. | the climate in the uk is changing, with a trend towards increased rainfall in the autumn and winter and warmer average temperatures throughout the year. there has also been a 4-week extension of the herbage growing season over the past 40 years. these changes may have implications for the epidemiology of sheep helminth parasites. here, we describe production-limiting disease outbreaks caused by haemonchus contortus, nematodirus battus, teladorsagia circumcincta and fasciola hepatica in sheep flo ... | 2009 | 19556065 |
| immunoproteomic analysis of whole proteins from male and female adult haemonchus contortus. | whole proteins of male and female adult haemonchus contortus were analysed by immunoproteomic techniques. approximately 662 and 680 spots were detected on proteome maps of male and female nematodes, respectively, stained with coomassie brilliant blue g-250. there were 609 shared spots. approximately 193 and 196 spots were recognised on western blot maps of male and female nematodes, respectively, using antiserum from naturally infected goats as the source of primary antibodies. there were 129 ge ... | 2010 | 19560953 |