| seroprevalence of parasitic zoonoses and their relationship with social factors among the canadian inuit in arctic regions. | residents of arctic communities are at increased risk of contracting infectious diseases transmitted by wildlife. data collected from the international polar year inuit health survey were used to determine the seroprevalence of 4 parasitic zoonoses in three inuit jurisdictions of the canadian arctic and to assess risk factors of infection. to date, this is the most comprehensive survey of its kind. immunoenzymatic methods were used for the detection of antibodies against toxocara canis, echinoco ... | 2014 | 24461773 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors associated with zoonotic parasitic infections in small ruminants in the greek temperate environment. | a cross-sectional serological study was carried out to screen the sheep and goat population of thessaly, greece for evidence of infection with toxoplasma, toxocara, leishmania, and echinococcus and to determine the risk factors related to herd characteristics, herd management practices, farmer status, and the bioclimatic variables associated with these zoonotic parasitic infections. a total of 540 sheep and goat serum samples were examined. the seroprevalence of infection in all examined animals ... | 2013 | 23994572 |
| parasitic zoonoses: one health surveillance in northern saskatchewan. | we report the results of a joint human-animal health investigation in a dene community in northern saskatchewan, where residents harvest wildlife (including moose, bear, elk, and fish), live in close contact with free roaming dogs, and lack access to permanent veterinary services. fecal analysis of owned and free-roaming dogs over two consecutive years (n = 92, 103) identified several parasites of public health concern, including toxocara canis, diphyllobothrium spp., echinococcus/taenia, crypto ... | 2013 | 23556025 |
| sentinel surveillance for zoonotic parasites in companion animals in indigenous communities of saskatchewan. | indigenous communities may have increased risk of exposure to zoonotic parasites, including echinococcus granulosus, toxocara canis, toxoplasma gondii, diphyllobothrium spp., and giardia duodenalis, for which dogs may serve as sentinels for or sources of human infection. canid fecal samples were collected from dogs and the environment in five indigenous communities across saskatchewan and alberta (n = 58, 62, 43, 66, and 25). parasites in individual fecal samples were quantified using fecal flot ... | 2012 | 22826486 |
| exposure to echinococcus multilocularis, toxocara canis, and toxocara cati in austria: a nationwide cross-sectional seroprevalence study. | despite emerging risks for the spread of zoonotic diseases, data on human exposure to echinococcus multilocularis and toxocara spp., the causative parasites of the two most important helminthozoonoses in central europe, are limited. to investigate risk factors and exposure, we conducted a nationwide, cross-sectional serological study in 1046 healthy individuals, of which 425 were soldiers and 621 were civilians. serum samples and information on possible risk factors for exposure, including previ ... | 2013 | 24107202 |
| arginine kinase in toxocara canis: exon-intron organization, functional analysis of site-directed mutants and evaluation of putative enzyme inhibitors. | to determine exon/intron organization of the toxocara canis (t. canis) ak (tcak) and to test green and black tea and several other chemicals against the activity of recombinant tcak in the guanidino-specific region by site-directed mutants. | 2016 | 27794395 |
| production and evaluation of the recombinant antigen tes-30 of toxocara canis for the immunodiagnosis of toxocariasis. | toxocara canis is a pathogenic nematode of canines which can be accidentally transmitted to humans. although serology is the most important diagnostic tool for this zoonosis, diagnostic kits use crude excretion/secretion antigens, most of them being glycoproteins which are not species-specific and may cross-react with antibodies generated against other parasites. | 2016 | 27622437 |
| development of a luminex bead based assay for diagnosis of toxocariasis using recombinant antigens tc-ctl-1 and tc-tes-26. | the clinical spectrum of human disease caused by the roundworms toxocara canis and toxocara cati ranges from visceral and ocular larva migrans to covert toxocariasis. the parasite is not typically recovered in affected tissues, so detection of parasite-specific antibodies is usually necessary for establishing a diagnosis. the most reliable immunodiagnostic methods use the toxocara excretory-secretory antigens (tes-ag) in elisa formats to detect toxocara-specific antibodies. to eliminate the need ... | 2015 | 26485145 |
| identification of immunodominant antigens for the laboratory diagnosis of toxocariasis. | to identify immunodominant antigens of toxocara canis recognised by toxocara-infected sera as recombinant reagents for immunodiagnosis of toxocariasis. | 2015 | 26426162 |
| tissue-specific distribution of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 of toxocara canis. | serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (pp1) is expressed in developing and reproductively active male toxocara canis. to investigate the tissue-specific expression of pp1 in t. canis, the pp1 protein was expressed in escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein was used to generate a rabbit polyclonal antiserum. indirect fluorescence immunohistochemical analysis of adult male t. canis showed that pp1 was expressed in the germ line tissues, primarily in the testis, seminal vesicle, vas deferens ... | 2014 | 25282049 |
| small rodents as paratenic or intermediate hosts of carnivore parasites in berlin, germany. | rodents are important intermediate and paratenic hosts for carnivore parasites, including the important zoonotic agents toxoplasma, echinococcus and toxocara. monitoring of such parasites in rodents can be used to detect increasing risks for human and veterinary public health. rodents were trapped at four sites in berlin, two near the city center, two at the periphery. pcrs were conducted to detect coccidia (target its-1) and specifically toxoplasma gondii (repetitive element) in brain and ascar ... | 2017 | 28278269 |
| fungal ovicidal activity on toxocara canis eggs. | visceral toxocariasis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by toxocara canis. the prevalence of this parasite in dogs, soil contamination and the resistance of eggs increase human exposure to the disease. moreover, the difficulties of the control measures justify the need for alternative ones. | 2013 | 23402830 |
| zoonotic potential of giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium spp. and prevalence of intestinal parasites in young dogs from different populations on prince edward island, canada. | the prevalence of giardia duodenalis, cryptosporidium spp. and other intestinal parasites was determined in dogs <1 year old from prince edward island, canada. fecal samples were collected from the local animal shelter (n=62), private veterinary clinics (n=78) and a pet store (n=69). intestinal parasites isolated included g. duodenalis, cryptosporidium spp., toxocara canis, isospora spp. and uncinaria stenocephala. to estimate the zoonotic risk associated with these infections, genotypes of g. d ... | 2013 | 23601666 |
| exposure to multiple parasites is associated with the prevalence of active convulsive epilepsy in sub-saharan africa. | epilepsy is common in developing countries, and it is often associated with parasitic infections. we investigated the relationship between exposure to parasitic infections, particularly multiple infections and active convulsive epilepsy (ace), in five sites across sub-saharan africa. | 2014 | 24875312 |
| prevalence of active convulsive epilepsy in sub-saharan africa and associated risk factors: cross-sectional and case-control studies. | the prevalence of epilepsy in sub-saharan africa seems to be higher than in other parts of the world, but estimates vary substantially for unknown reasons. we assessed the prevalence and risk factors of active convulsive epilepsy across five centres in this region. | 2013 | 23375964 |
| characterization and differential expression analysis of toxocara canis aquaporin-1 gene. | toxocara canis is an intestinal nematode of canids with a worldwide distribution, causing an important but neglected parasitic zoonosis in humans. aquaporins (aqp) are a family of water channel proteins, which function as membrane channels to regulate water homeostasis. in this study, the coding sequence of aquaporin-1 gene of t. canis (tc-aqp-1) was cloned and characterized. the obtained tc-aqp-1 coding sequence was 933 bp in length, which predicted to encode 311 amino acids. two conserved aspa ... | 2016 | 27215210 |
| effects of sub-zero storage temperatures on endoparasites in canine and equine feces. | fecal samples from wild and domestic carnivores are routinely frozen for three days at -80°c to kill eggs of echinococcus spp., following recommendations from the world health organization (who) and world organization for animal health (oie). this is done to decrease the risk of zoonotic infection with these pathogenic cestodes. in addition, it is often necessary to freeze fecal samples collected for research prior to batch processing by a limited number of personnel, especially large numbers of ... | 2014 | 24880644 |
| parasites and cancers: parasite antigens as possible targets for cancer immunotherapy. | an adverse relationship between some parasite infections and cancer in the human population has been reported by different research groups. anticancer activity of some parasites such as trypanosoma cruzi, toxoplasma gondii, toxocara canis, acantamoeba castellani and plasmodium yoelii has been shown in experimental animals. moreover, it has been shown that cancer-associated mucin-type o-glycan compositions are made by parasites, therefore cancers and parasites have common antigens. in this report ... | 2012 | 23231515 |
| fungi predatory activity on embryonated toxocara canis eggs inoculated in domestic chickens (gallus gallus domesticus) and destruction of second stage larvae. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the infectivity of toxocara canis eggs after interacting with isolated nematophagous fungi of the species duddingtonia flagrans (ac001) and pochonia chlamydosporia (vc4), and test the predatory activity of the isolated ac001 on t. canis second stage larvae after 7 days of interaction. in assay a, 5000 embryonated t. canis eggs previously in contact with the ac001 and vc4 isolated for 10 days were inoculated into domestic chickens (gallus gallus domesti ... | 2015 | 26032943 |
| predatory activity of chlamydospores of the fungus pochonia chlamydosporia on toxocara canis eggs under laboratory conditions. | the objective of this study was to use chlamydospores of the fungus pochonia chlamydosporia (isolates vc1 and vc4) against toxocara canis eggs in a 15-day in vitro assay. one thousand t. canis eggs were placed in petri dishes containing 2% water agar medium with different concentrations of chlamydospores (1,000, 10,000 or 100,000) of each fungal isolate of p. chlamydosporia (treated groups) and 1,000 eggs in petri dishes without fungus (control group). egg counts were performed to determine the ... | 2013 | 24252967 |
| antagonistic activity of the fungus pochonia chlamydosporia on mature and immature toxocara canis eggs. | in vitro tests were performed to evaluate the ability of 6 isolates of the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia to infect immature and mature toxocara canis eggs on cellulose dialysis membrane. there was a direct relationship between the number of eggs colonized and the increase in the days of interaction, as well as between the number of eggs colonized and the increase in the concentration of chlamydospores (p<0.05). immature eggs were more susceptible to infection than mature eggs. the ... | 2012 | 22444833 |
| toxocara canis glycans influence antigen recognition by mouse igg1 and igm antibodies. | the impact of sugar moieties of toxocara canis glycoprotein antigens on their recognition by infected mouse antibodies was investigated in this study. native tes and recombinant toxocara mucins generated in pichia pastoris yeast as well as their deglycosylated forms were used in elisa. tes and recombinant mucins were equally recognized by t. canis infected mouse igg1 antibodies. igm immunoglobulins predominantly recognized tes antigens. among mucins recognition of tc-muc-4 was the most significa ... | 2016 | 26751891 |
| toxocara canis mucins among other excretory-secretory antigens induce in vitro secretion of cytokines by mouse splenocytes. | the effect of toxocara larval antigens on cytokine secretion by mouse splenocytes was studied in vitro. recombinant mucins were produced in pichia pastoris yeast, and toxocara excretory-secretory (tes) antigens were collected from in vitro culture of l2 larvae. tc-muc-2, tc-muc-3, tc-muc-4, and tc-muc-5 were expressed as glycoproteins and were specifically recognized by toxocara canis-infected dog serum antibodies. mouse splenocytes stimulated with recombinant mucins produced il-5, il-6, and tgf ... | 2015 | 26044883 |
| modulation of il-12 and ifnγ by probiotic supplementation promotes protection against toxocara canis infection in mice. | in this study, supplementation with the probiotic saccharomyces boulardii promoted a reduction in intensity of infection by toxocara canis and modulates cytokines mrna expression in experimentally infected mice. il-12 gene transcription had 40-fold increase in s. boulardii supplemented uninfected mice and sevenfold increase in supplemented infected mice comparing with not supplemented group. regarding ifnγ, similar results were observed, since probiotic supplementation induced approximately 43-f ... | 2016 | 26971490 |
| protective effect of the probiotic saccharomyces boulardii in toxocara canis infection is not due to direct action on the larvae. | in a previous study our group found that the probiotic saccharomyces boulardii was capable of reducing the intensity of infection in mice with toxocariasis. in order to assess whether the mechanism involved would be a direct action of the probiotic on toxocara canis larvae, this study was designed. both probiotics were singly cultivated in plates containing rpmi 1640 medium and t. canis larvae. s. boulardii and b. cereus var. toyoi cultures presented 97.6% and 95.7% of larvae with positive motil ... | 2015 | 24037293 |
| saccharomyces boulardii reduces infection intensity of mice with toxocariasis. | several studies have shown the benefit of the use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of diseases; however, few of them have investigated the effect of probiotics on parasitosis. in this study, the effect of saccharomyces boulardii on the intensity of infection of mice with toxocariasis was evaluated. the animals were fed with a diet supplemented with s. boulardii for 15 days before inoculation with toxocara canis eggs and for 2 or 60 days post-inoculation. s. boulardii promoted a redu ... | 2012 | 22305116 |
| the prevalence of intestinal nematodes in cats and dogs from lancashire, north-west england. | to estimate prevalence of clinically-relevant intestinal nematodes in uk cats and dogs using the sensitive faecal analysis technique flotac. | 2016 | 27071856 |
| staphylococcus aureus endocarditis as a complication of toxocariasis-associated endomyocarditis with fibrosis: a case report. | complications associated with toxocara canis infection are rare. we present a case of a patient with staphylococcus aureus endocarditis as a complication of an endomyocardial fibrosis caused by t canis. the epidemiological, pathological, and clinical features of this rare complication are described here. | 2016 | 27800525 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis, toxocariasis and cysticercosis in a rural settlement, são paulo state, brazil. | the goal of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of toxocara spp., toxoplasma gondii, and taenia solium metacestode infection and determine some of the associated risk factors for people living in the dona carmen settlement, pontal of paranapanema, são paulo, brazil. | 2013 | 23683335 |
| toxocara canis, trichinella spiralis and taenia solium helminthozoonoses: seroprevalence among selected populations in north india. | helminthozoonoses are being considered as a research priority in india and many other tropical and subtropical countries. taenia solium and trichinella spiralis are emerging public health and food safety issues in the country and the developing world. the asymptomatic ta. solium carriers act as important risk for neurocysticercosis, leading to adult onset epilepsy in the country. human toxocariasis is another common zoonosis which occurs due to larvae of toxocara canis or t. cati. the current st ... | 2015 | 26345057 |
| association between epilepsy and cysticercosis and toxocariasis: a population-based case-control study in a slum in india. | to assess the association between epilepsy and exposure to the parasites, toxocara canis and taenia solium in a slum-community in india. | 2012 | 23106145 |
| prevalence of zoonotic intestinal parasites in household and stray dogs in rural areas of hamadan, western iran. | zoonotic parasitic infections are a major global public and veterinary health problem and widespread among dogs. the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasites in stray and household dogs in the rural areas of hamadan district. during 2012, 1,500 fresh fecal samples from 243 household and 1,257 stray dogs were examined by using direct wet mount, simple zinc sulfate flotation, and lugol's solution staining. of 1,500 dogs, 20.4% were positive for intestinal parasi ... | 2015 | 26691252 |
| cross-reactivity of toxocariasis with crude antigen of toxascaris leonina larvae by elisa. | roundworms of toxocara canis and toxascaris leonina are common gastrointestinal helminths of canids over the world. humans are infected with t. canis larvae through ingestion of infective eggs in contaminated environments or larvae by consumption of raw or uncooked meat or livers. recently, patients of clinically diagnosed toxocariasis are increasing and require correct diagnosis in korea. the present study investigated serological cross-reactivity between crude antigens of t. canis (tcla) and t ... | 2015 | 25931784 |
| sequence variation in mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 genes of ascaridoid nematodes in cats and dogs from iran. | the study was conducted to determine the sequence variation in two mitochondrial genes, namely cytochrome c oxidase 1 (pcox1) and nadh dehydrogenase 1 (pnad1) within and among isolates of toxocara cati, toxocara canis and toxascaris leonina. genomic dna was extracted from 32 isolates of t. cati, 9 isolates of t. canis and 19 isolates of t. leonina collected from cats and dogs in different geographical areas of iran. mitochondrial genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequen ... | 2015 | 24717402 |
| frequency of intestinal parasites in pet dogs from an urban area (greater oporto, northern portugal). | the present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs with no clinical signs (n=175; group h) and in dogs with gastrointestinal disease (n=193; group d) that were admitted to a veterinary hospital. in group h, the overall prevalence of intestinal parasites (i.e. the presence of at least one species) was 20.6%. cystoisospora canis was the most prevalent protozoon (8.0%) followed by giardia spp. (7.4%); toxocara canis (5.1%) was the most frequent helminth ... | 2014 | 24433853 |
| comparison of functional gene annotation of toxascaris leonina and toxocara canis using clc genomics workbench. | the ascarids, toxocara canis and toxascaris leonina, are probably the most common gastrointestinal helminths encountered in dogs. in order to understand biological differences of 2 ascarids, we analyzed gene expression profiles of female adults of t. canis and t. leonina using clc genomics workbench, and the results were compared with those of free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans. a total of 2,880 and 7,949 ests were collected from t. leonina and t. canis, respectively. the length of ests ... | 2013 | 24327777 |
| comparison of six simple methods for extracting ribosomal and mitochondrial dna from toxocara and toxascaris nematodes. | six simple methods for extraction of ribosomal and mitochondrial dna from toxocara canis, toxocara cati and toxascaris leonina were compared by evaluating the presence, appearance and intensity of pcr products visualized on agarose gels and amplified from dna extracted by each of the methods. for each species, two isolates were obtained from the intestines of their respective hosts: t. canis and t. leonina from dogs, and t. cati from cats. for all isolates, total dna was extracted using six diff ... | 2013 | 23499880 |
| intraspecific variation between the its sequences of toxocara canis, toxocara cati and toxascaris leonina from different host species in south-western poland. | some parasitic nematodes can inhabit different definitive hosts, which raises the question of the intraspecific variability of the nematode genotype affecting their preferences to choose particular species as hosts. additionally, the issue of a possible intraspecific dna microheterogeneity in specimens from different parts of the world seems to be interesting, especially from the evolutionary point of view. the problem was analysed in three related species - toxocara canis, toxocara cati and tox ... | 2013 | 23069601 |
| detection and molecular characterization of ascarid nematode infection (toxascaris leonina and toxocara cati) in captive asiatic lions (panthera leo persica). | the objective of this study was to investigate the ascarid infection in asiatic lions using scat samples, based on microscopic analysis, pcr amplification of the its-2 region of ribosomal dna and sequence analysis of the amplicons. microscopic analysis indicated the presence of eggs of toxascaris leonina in eleven of the sixteen scat samples analysed and in one of these eleven scats eggs of toxocara cati were also detected. in five of the scats eggs were not detectable. the presence of t. leonin ... | 2012 | 22807016 |
| prevalence of intestinal helminthes in owned dogs in kerman city, iran. | to survey the prevalence of canine gastrointestinal helminthes in dogs presented to the veterinary faculty of the university of kerman between may and november 2011. | 2012 | 22805727 |
| evaluation of the prevalence and clinical impact of toxocariasis in patients with eosinophilia of unknown origin. | eosinophilia has numerous diverse causes, and in many patients, it is not possible to establish the cause of eosinophilia. recently, toxocariasis was introduced as one cause of eosinophilia. the aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of toxocariasis and the clinical impact of albendazole treatment for toxocariasis in patients suspected of eosinophilia of unknown origin. | 2017 | 28352060 |
| tissue distribution and functional analysis of vitellogenin-6 of toxocara canis. | toxocara canis is an common intestinal nematode of canids and the principal causative agent of human toxocariasis. vitellogenin (vg), a source of amino acids and lipids in the eggs, are considered to play an important role in embryo development of a wide range of organisms. in the present study, the transcriptional levels of tc-vit-6 gene in male and female adult t. canis were determined by quantitative real-time pcr, which indicated high transcription of tc-vit-6 in the intestine, reproductive ... | 2017 | 28351684 |
| toxocariasis of the central nervous system: with report of two cases. | toxocariasis is a parasitic infection caused by the roundworms toxocara canis or toxocara cati, mostly due to accidental ingestion of embryonated eggs. clinical manifestations vary and are classified according to the organs affected. central nervous system involvement is an unusual complication. here, we report two cases with neurological manifestations, in which there was cerebrospinal fluid (csf) eosinophilia with marked blood eosinophilia and a positive serology for toxocara both in serum and ... | 2017 | 28157623 |
| evidence of morphine like substance and μ-opioid receptor expression in toxacara canis (nematoda: ascaridae). | toxocara canis (nematoda: ascaridae) is an intestinal nematode parasite of dogs, which can also cause disease in humans. transmission to humans usually occurs because of direct contact with t. canis eggs present in soil contaminated with the feces of infected dogs. this nematode has extraordinary abilities to survive for many years in different tissues of vertebrates, and develop to maturity in the intestinal tract of its definitive host. survival of parasitic nematodes within a host requires im ... | 2016 | 28144426 |
| distribution and dynamics of soil contamination with toxocara canis and toxocara cati eggs in poland and prevention measures proposed after 20 years of study. | the studies conducted in the years 1994-2013 allowed to determine the distribution of toxocara spp. eggs in the soil of different types of urban and rural areas in poland and to establish seasonal and multi-year dynamics of soil contamination with t. cati and t. canis eggs. out of 3309 soil samples examined, 14.9% contained the eggs and the average density was 3.43 eggs/100g of soil. the level of soil contamination was the highest in cities, lower in villages, and lowest in small towns. in urban ... | 2017 | 28115175 |
| trichoderma virens as a biocontrol of toxocara canis: in vivo evaluation. | microorganisms have been widely studied as biological control agents of parasites of medical and veterinary importance. coprophagous arthropods, bacteria and fungi are among the different organisms evaluated as potential biological control agents. nematophagous fungi capture and digest the free forms of nematodes in the soil. due to its zoonotic potential, toxocara canis have been brought to the attention of researchers. | 2017 | 28109772 |
| seroepidemiological study of toxocariasis in the owners of domestic cats and dogs in mashhad, northeastern iran. | toxocariasis is the clinical terms applied to infection of human with ascarid nematodes in the order ascaridida, named toxocara canis and t. cati. because in recent years in iran many people desire to keep pets (cats and dogs), and lacking of seroepidemiological study of toxocariasis in mashhad, we decided to determine the seroprevalence of toxocariasis among people who own cats and dogs in comparison with control group. | 2017 | 28096863 |
| genetic variability and discrimination of low doses of toxocara spp. from public areas soil inferred by loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay as a field-friendly molecular tool. | aim: one of the main diagnostic problems of conventional polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is indiscrimination of low parasitic loads in soil samples. the aim of this study is to determine the genetic diversity and identification of toxocara spp. from public areas soil inferred by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay. | 2016 | 28096624 |
| draft genome of toxocara canis, a pathogen responsible for visceral larva migrans. | this study aimed at constructing a draft genome of the adult female worm toxocara canis using next-generation sequencing (ngs) and de novo assembly, as well as to find new genes after annotation using functional genomics tools. using an ngs machine, we produced dna read data of t. canis. the de novo assembly of the read data was performed using soapdenovo. rna read data were assembled using trinity. structural annotation, homology search, functional annotation, classification of protein domains, ... | 2016 | 28095660 |
| influence of land use and meteorological factors on the spatial distribution of toxocara canis and toxocara cati eggs in soil in urban areas. | soil which has been contaminated by toxocara spp. eggs is considered as one of the main infection sources of toxocariasis in animals and humans. the present study conducted a detailed investigation into the spatial patterns of toxocara canis (t. canis) and toxocara cati (t. cati) eggs in soil in urban area of northeastern mainland china, and assessed the inter-relationships between meteorological factors, land use and the distribution of the toxocara spp. eggs. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) wa ... | 2017 | 28043392 |
| occurrences of gastrointestinal parasites in fecal samples from domestic dogs in são paulo, sp, brazil. | occurrences of gastrointestinal parasites were assessed in fecal samples from 3,099 dogs in the metropolitan region of são paulo, sp, that were treated at the veterinary hospital of the university of são paulo veterinary school. the samples were analyzed using the flotation and centrifugal sedimentation methods. the results were compared with those from previous studies (at different times). the frequency of each parasite was correlated with the dogs' ages, breeds and gender, as well as the occu ... | 2016 | 27925072 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors for toxocara canis infection in serbia during 2015. | we report data on the toxocara seroprevalence evidenced in 2015 from samples of 40 children and 298 adults of the population living in different areas of serbia, and on possible association of certain variables with infection. detection of specific antibodies was performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; all ambiguous results and part of the positive and negative sera were further analyzed by confirmatory western blot test. an overall 23.5% seroprevalence was noticed, which was confi ... | 2017 | 27893948 |
| flotation of toxocara canis eggs in commercial bleach and effects of bleach treatment times on larval development in these eggs. | toxocara canis is a common intestinal nematode of young dogs. puppies contaminate the environment with large numbers of eggs that can embryonate and become infective in less than a month. embryonated eggs are infectious for humans and other paratenic hosts. most t. canis infections in humans are asymptomatic, however, migration of t. canis larvae in the eye and in the central nervous system can result in vision loss, blindness, and even death. the eggs of t. canis are highly resistant to harsh e ... | 2016 | 27874323 |
| detection of specific antibody reactivity to toxocara larval excretory-secretory antigens in asthmatic patients (5-15 years). | humans act as an intermediate host for toxocara canis and toxocara cati. toxocara may be an important risk factor for asthma in humans. the aim of the present study was to evaluate immunoglobulin g (igg) anti-toxocara canis antibody, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in asthmatic patients (aged 5-15 years), referring to a clinic of pulmonary diseases in arak, iran. | 2016 | 27857820 |
| comparative transcriptomic analyses of male and female adult toxocara canis. | toxocariasis is an important, neglected zoonosis caused mainly by toxocara canis. although our knowledge of helminth molecular biology is improving through completed draft genome projects, there is limited detailed information on the molecular biology of toxocara species. here, transcriptomic sequencing of male and female adult t. canis and comparative analyses were conducted. for each sex, two-thirds (66-67%) of quality-filtered reads mapped to the gene set of t. canis, and at least five reads ... | 2017 | 27845205 |
| kinetic and avidity of igy anti-toxocara antibodies in experimentally infected chickens. | toxocariasis is a geohelminth zoonosis with worldwide distribution, mainly transmitted through the ingestion of embryonated eggs of nematodes of the toxocara genus. the disease can also be transmitted to humans as a result of eating raw or undercooked meat of paratenic hosts, such as chickens. here, we standardized an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for evaluating experimentally the kinetic and avidity index (ai) of igy in broiler chickens infected with different doses of toxocara cani ... | 2016 | 27746165 |
| [ocular toxocariasis in a boy with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome - a case report]. | toxocariasis is a common zoonosis caused by infection with toxocara canis or cati larvae. ocular toxocariasis is one of the forms of infestation found in 1/1,000 - 1/10,000 children. children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (ins) are at high risk of infections, also parasitic infestations, which can, in turn, cause relapses of the disease. | 2016 | 27760094 |
| recurrent patent infections with toxocara canis in household dogs older than six months: a prospective study. | to reduce environmental contamination with toxocara canis eggs, the current general advice is to deworm all dogs older than six months on average four times a year. however, only a small proportion of non-juvenile household dogs actually shed t. canis eggs, and some dogs shed eggs more frequently than others. the identification of these frequent shedders and the associated risk factors is an important cornerstone for constructing evidence-based deworming regimens. the purpose of this study is to ... | 2016 | 27716389 |
| human toxocariasis: prevalence and factors associated with biosafety in research laboratories. | human toxocariasis is a neglected parasitic disease worldwide. researchers studying this disease use infectious strains of toxocara for experiments. health workers are at risk in the course of their daily routine and must adhere to biosafety standards while carrying out the activities. researchers on biosafety concerning working with these parasites are insufficient. the aim of this study was to determine the rate of seroprevalence of toxocara species among health-care research laboratory worker ... | 2016 | 27698276 |
| frequency of anti- toxocara spp. antibodies in individuals attended by the centro de salud familiar and environmental contamination with toxocara canis eggs in dog feces, in the coastal niebla town, chile. | the frequency of anti-toxocara spp. antibodies in individuals attended by the centro de salud familiar in the coastal niebla town, chile, was related to the host and to environmental factors. igg anti- toxocara antibodies were detected with a commercial elisa kit (scimedx corporation, usa). samples with undetermined absorbance values were subjected to an additional elisa standardized by the instituto de salud pública, chilean health ministry, a commercial elisa (novatec, germany), and a commerci ... | 2016 | 27680167 |
| proteomic analysis of toxocara canis excretory and secretory (tes) proteins. | toxocariasis is a neglected disease, and its main etiological agent is the nematode toxocara canis. serological diagnosis is performed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using t. canis excretory and secretory (tes) antigens produced by in vitro cultivation of larvae. identification of tes proteins can be useful for the development of new diagnostic strategies since few tes components have been described so far. herein, we report the results obtained by proteomic analysis of tes proteins usi ... | 2017 | 27638150 |
| in vitro production of toxocara canis excretory-secretory (tes) antigen. | toxocara canis is a widespread gastrointestinal nematode parasite of dogs and cause toxocara larva migrans, an important zoonotic disease in humans on ingestion of infective eggs. toxocarosis is one of the few human parasitic diseases whose serodiagnosis uses a standardized antigen, t. canis excretory secretory antigen (tes). the present study describes collection of t. canis adult worm, collection and embryonation of t. canis eggs, hatching and separation of t. canis larvae, in vitro maintenanc ... | 2016 | 27605834 |
| the occurrence of toxocara species in naturally infected broiler chickens revealed by molecular approaches. | consuming raw and undercooked meat is known to enhance the risk of human toxocariasis because toxocara species have a wide range of paratenic hosts, including chickens. the aim of this study was to identify species of toxocara in naturally infected broiler chickens using molecular approaches. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was used for the differentiation of toxocara canis and toxocara cati larvae recovered from tissues and organs, and identified by microscopic observations. thirty-thr ... | 2016 | 27571878 |
| [transverse myelitis associated with toxocariasis and the importance of locally produced antibodies for diagnosis]. | toxocariasis caused by toxocara canis or less frequently by t.catis is a common parasitic infection worldwide. clinical spectrum in humans can vary from asymptomatic infection to serious organ disfunction depending on the load of parasite, migration target of the larva and the inflammatory response of the host. transverse myelitis (tm) due to toxocariasis is an uncommon illness identified mainly as case reports in literature. in this report, a case of tm who was diagnosed as neurotoxocariasis by ... | 2016 | 27525404 |
| flotation and adherence characteristics of toxocara canis and t. cati and a reliable method for recovering toxocara eggs from soil. | toxocara canis and t. cati are worldwide distributed intestinal nematodes of canids and felids and pose a threat to public health due to possible clinical manifestations in humans. different methods for detection of toxocara eggs in soil have been described, but conducted studies deal with egg recovery rates of t. canis or "toxocara spp." only whereas t. cati egg recovery has not been taken into consideration. thus, flotation properties in sodium chloride solution and adherence characteristics t ... | 2016 | 27523935 |
| helminth infections and cardiovascular diseases: toxocara species is contributing to the disease. | toxocariasis is the clinical term used to describe human infection with either the dog ascarid toxocara canis or the feline ascarid toxocara cati. as with other helminths zoonoses, the infective larvae of these toxocara species cannot mature into adults in the human host. instead, the worms wander through organs and tissues, mainly the liver, lungs, myocardium, kidney and central nervous system, in a vain attempt to find that, which they need to mature into adults. the migration of these immatur ... | 2017 | 27492228 |
| clinical characteristics and progression of liver abscess caused by toxocara. | to evaluate the clinical characteristics and progression of liver abscess caused by toxocara. | 2016 | 27366302 |
| toxocara canis-associated myelitis with eosinophilic pneumonia. | the existence of toxocara canis-specific antibodies has recently been reported in patients with atopic myelitis. here, we report the case of a 35-year-old male patient admitted with a chief complaint of right lower limb hypoesthesia lasting for a month. the patient was diagnosed with eosinophilic pneumonia 3 months ago, and a spine mri revealed the presence of myelitis in the cervicothoracic cord. after confirming the presence of hyper-ige-emia and toxocara canis antibodies, the patient was trea ... | 2016 | 27358582 |
| cap protein superfamily members in toxocara canis. | proteins of the cysteine-rich secretory proteins, antigen 5 and pathogenesis-related 1 (cap) superfamily are recognized or proposed to play roles in parasite development and reproduction, and in modulating host immune attack and infection processes. however, little is known about these proteins for most parasites. | 2016 | 27342979 |
| seroepidemiological investigation of toxocara canis in a female greek pregnant population in the area of athens. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the of areas where the soil is contaminated by toxocara ova and also to assess seroepidemiological positivity in a greek pregnant women population (elisa igg test). | 2016 | 27328496 |
| the in vitro effect of prolactin on the growth, motility and expression of prolactin receptors in larvae of toxocara canis. | the in vitro effect of prolactin (prl) on the growth and motility of toxocara canis larvae was assessed. additionally, the expression and location of prolactin receptors (prl-rs) were determined in the larvae. larvae of t. canis were incubated with different concentrations of prl for different periods of time. the stimulated larvae accelerated their enlargement and increased their motility. the mean percentage of prl-r+ cells in non-stimulated larvae, measured by flow cytometry was 7.3±0.3%. com ... | 2016 | 27270387 |
| chronic polyarthritis as isolated manifestation of toxocariasis. | human toxocariasis is a parasitic zoonosis mainly caused by toxocara canis or toxocara cati and is acquired by ingestion of the parasite's embryonated eggs. arthralgia and/or arthritis were reported in up to 17% of the cases, generally with acute duration (less than 6 weeks). however, to our knowledge, chronic polyarthritis, as the isolated presentation of toxocara infection, was not reported. one of the 5809 patients that was followed up at our service (0.017%) had chronic polyarthritis as the ... | 2016 | 27267534 |
| clinical case of the month: hypereosinophilia in a young woman with a history of childhood asthma. | hypereosinophillia is a rare clinical entity. it is associated with a wide differential diagnosis including neoplasm, infection, and allergic etiologies. clinicians should have a well defined approach to hypereosinophilia in order to find treatable causes. we present a case of hypereosinophillia caused by parasitic infection with toxocara canis. we also review epidemiology, transmission, microbiology, and management of toxocara canis. | 2016 | 27159518 |
| eosinophilic myocarditis due to toxocariasis: not a rare cause. | myocarditis is a clinically important disease because of the high mortality. from the perspective of treatment strategy, eosinophilic myocarditis should be distinguished from other types of myocarditis. toxocariasis, caused by toxocara canis or toxocara cati, is known as a cause of eosinophilic myocarditis but is considered rare. as it is an unpopular disease, eosinophilic myocarditis due to toxocariasis may be underdiagnosed. we experienced two cases of eosinophilic myocarditis due to toxocaria ... | 2016 | 27123346 |
| micrornas of toxocara canis and their predicted functional roles. | toxocara canis is the causative agent of toxocariasis of humans and other animals. this parasitic nematode (roundworm) has a complex life cycle, in which substantial developmental changes and switches occur. as small non-coding rnas (srnas) are key regulators of gene expression in a wide range of organisms, we explored these rnas in t. canis to provide a basis for future studies of its developmental biology as well as host interactions and disease at the molecular level. | 2016 | 27108220 |
| toxocariasis and childhood asthma: a case-control study. | the objective of this study is to investigate the association between anti-toxocara igg seropositivity and asthma in children. | 2016 | 27104477 |
| toxocara canis and chronic urticaria. | no abstract. | 2016 | 27090371 |
| risk factors for toxocara spp. seroprevalence and its association with atopy and asthma phenotypes in school-age children in a small town and semi-rural areas of northeast brazil. | toxocara canis, toxocara cati, are roundworms that live in the intestines of dogs and cats, respectively, and are predominantly agents of human toxocariasis. studies have suggested that toxocara spp. seroprevalence increases levels of total and aeroallergen-specific ige (sige), asthma prevalence and asthma morbidity. nevertheless, other work reported a negative association between toxocara spp. seropositivity with skin hypersensititity and a positive association with sige. the objective of the p ... | 2016 | 27080332 |
| kinetics and avidity of anti-toxocara antibodies (igg) in rabbits experimentally infected with toxocara canis. | an evaluation was made of the kinetics and avidity of anti-toxocara antibodies (igg) in rabbits experimentally infected with embryonated toxocara canis eggs. seventeen four month old new zealand white rabbits were distributed into two groups. in the experimental group, twelve rabbits were infected orally with 1,000 embryonated t. canis eggs. a second group (n = 5), uninfected, was used as a control. serum samples were collected for analysis on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 60 post-infection (dpi). an i ... | 2016 | 27027550 |
| harnessing the toxocara genome to underpin toxocariasis research and new interventions. | parasitic worms, such as flatworms (platyhelminths) and roundworms (nematodes), cause substantial morbidity and mortality in animals and people globally. the ascaridoid nematode toxocara canis is a zoonotic parasite of socioeconomic significance worldwide. in humans, this worm causes toxocariasis (disease) mainly in underprivileged communities in both the developed and developing worlds. while reasonably well studied from clinical and epidemiological perspectives, little is understood about the ... | 2016 | 27015948 |
| prevalence of helminths in dogs and owners' awareness of zoonotic diseases in mampong, ashanti, ghana. | dogs are popular pets that live closely with humans. however, this cohabitation allows for the transmission of zoonotic parasites to humans. in ghana, very little is known about zoonotic parasites in dogs. we examined excrements of 154 dogs for intestinal helminthes using saturated sodium chloride as a floatation medium and further interviewed 100 dog owners regarding knowledge on zoonosis and pet management practices. thirteen parasite species were identified, with an overall prevalence of 52.6 ... | 2016 | 26941994 |
| evaluation of the goldmann-witmer coefficient in the immunological diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis. | ocular toxocariasis (ot) is a zoonotic parasitic infection mainly caused by the intraocular tissue invasion of second-stage toxocara canis or toxocara cati larva. measuring specific anti-t. canis antibodies in the intraocular fluid (if) can increase ot diagnosis accuracy using goldmann-witmer coefficient (gwc). however, there is no systemic evaluation of gwc application in the immunological diagnosis of ot. to assess gwc for the immunodiagnosis of ocular toxocariasis, paired if and serum samples ... | 2016 | 26899678 |
| evaluation of a di-o-methylated glycan as a potential antigenic target for the serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis. | serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis is based on the detection of specific igg antibodies by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using toxocara larvae excretory-secretory (tes) antigens, but its production is a laborious and time-consuming process being also limited by the availability of adult females of t. canis as source for ova to obtain larvae. chemical synthesis of the di-o-methylated (dim) glycan structure found in the tes antigens has provided material for studying the antibody ... | 2016 | 26896376 |
| toxocara canis: anthelmintic activity of quinone derivatives in murine toxocarosis. | human toxocarosis is a chronic tissue parasitosis most often caused by toxocara canis. the seroprevalence can reach up to 50%, especially among children and adolescents. the anthelmintics used in the treatment have moderate efficacy. the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of quinones and their derivatives against t. canis larvae and the cytotoxicity of the larvicidal compounds. the compounds were evaluated at 1 mg ml(-1) concentration in microculture ... | 2016 | 26887285 |
| toxocara canis myelitis involving the lumbosacral region: a case report. | toxocara canis is a parasite known to cause visceral larva migrans. the infection rarely affects the central nervous system but there have been several reports of myelitis caused by visceral larva migrans due to toxocara canis. in previous reported cases, the lesions were located in the thoracic or cervical spinal cord. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a lesion involving the lumbosacral region. | 2017 | 26832660 |
| seroepidemiology of toxocariasis in children (5-15 yr old) referred to the pediatric clinic of imam hossein hospital, isfahan, iran. | human toxocariasis, a helminthozoonosis, is due to the migration of toxocara species larvae into human organisms. humans, especially children become infected by ingesting of embryonated eggs from soil, dirty hands, and raw vegetables. seroprevalence of this infection is high in developed countries, especially in rural areas. the aim of this study was to investigate the seroepidemiology of toxocariasis in children referred to the pediatric clinic of imam hossein hospital, isfahan, iran. | 2017 | 26811731 |
| toxocara canis: larvicidal activity of fatty acid amides. | considering the therapeutic potential of fatty acid amides, the present study aimed to evaluate their in vitro activity against toxocara canis larvae and their cytotoxicity for the first time. linoleylpyrrolidilamide was the most potent, with a minimal larvicidal concentration (mlc) of 0.05 mg/ml and 27% cytotoxicity against murine peritoneal macrophages c57bl/6 mice, as assessed by the mtt assay. | 2016 | 26783180 |
| [the epidemiological and epizootiological component of toxocariasis foci as an element of the environmental management system (in case of the republic of altai)]. | the epidemiological and epizootiological features of toxocariasis foci were investigated in the republic of altai. the results of coproovoscopic examinations of dogs, those of serological screening for toxocariasis among different age and occupational groups and coniingents at risk for hiv infection, hepatitis b and c, patients with allergic and bronchopulmonary diseases, toxocariasis mortality rates in the republic of altai, and the materials of sanitary and parasitological studies of soil and ... | 2016 | 26720968 |
| short communication: experimental toxocarosis in chinese kun ming mice: dose-dependent larval distribution and modulation of immune responses. | toxocarosis is an important parasitic zoonosis which is mainly caused by the infective larvae of toxocara canis. to identify whether there are correlations among the infectious dose, the larval migrans and immune modulation in inbred chinese kun ming (km) mice, experimental infections were carried out with a range of dosages of 100, 500, 1000, 2000, and 3000 embryonated eggs (ee). pathogenic reactions were observed in terms of physical and central nervous symptoms. distributions of t. canis larv ... | 2015 | 26679790 |
| seroprevalence and associated risk factors of toxocariasis among college students in taipei city, taiwan. | infection by toxocara spp. is known to be significantly associated with partial epilepsy. it has become popular for people to raise dogs/cats as pets and consume roasted meat/viscera, and the status of toxocara spp. infection, epilepsy awareness, and associated risk factors among the general population are currently unknown in taiwan. | 2017 | 26622304 |
| seroepidemiological study of toxocariasis among volunteers animal husbandry workers and veterinary in southern anatolia in turkey in 2014. | human toxocariasis is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae of toxocara canis. we examine the toxocara seroprevalance in veterinarians and animal husbandry workers living in the mugla province, turkey to evaluate better the risk factors for toxocara exposure. | 2017 | 26622303 |
| toxocara malaysiensis infection in domestic cats in vietnam--an emerging zoonotic issue? | toxocara canis of canids is a parasitic nematode (ascaridoid) that infects humans and other hosts, causing different forms of toxocariasis. this species of toxocara appears to be the most important cause of human disease, likely followed by toxocara cati from felids. although some studies from malaysia and china have shown that cats can harbor another congener, t. malaysiensis, no information is available about this parasite for other countries. moreover, the zoonotic potential of this parasite ... | 2016 | 26584512 |
| toxocariasis-associated cardiac diseases--a systematic review of the literature. | toxocariasis, caused by toxocara canis or toxocara catis, is a worldwide occurring parasitic disease, reaching high prevalences especially in tropical and subtropical countries. the clinical presentation can range from asymptomatic seropositivity to life threatenting disease, depending on the organ system involved. cardiac involvement, one of the possible manifestations of human toxocara spp. infection, is rarely reported in case reports. as far as we know, no systematic reviews of clinical pres ... | 2016 | 26571071 |
| toxocara canis igg seropositivity in patients with chronic urticaria. | we aimed to investigate igg antibody levels specific to toxocara canis (t. canis), a parasite which subsists in dog's intestine, on serum samples obtained from patients with chronic urticaria (cu) to evaluate effective risk in cu etiopathogenesis. in this study, 73 patients diagnosed with cu and 109 healthy individuals as control group, were included. various factors such as sex, age, education and income, daily hand washing habits, history of dog owning and soil eating were questioned in patien ... | 2015 | 26547714 |
| toxocara canis and the allergic process. | the protective effect of infectious agents against allergic reactions has been thoroughly investigated. current studies have demonstrated the ability of some helminths to modulate the immune response of infected hosts. the objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between toxocara canis infection and the development of an allergic response in mice immunised with ovalbumin (ova). we determined the total and differential blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells using b ... | 2015 | 26517650 |
| hepatic visceral larva migrans due to toxocara canis in a 72-year-old man. | hepatic toxocariasis is visceral larva migrans caused by toxocara. we report a case of hepatic toxocariasis detected incidentally during a health checkup. the patient had elevated levels of eosinophils, total ige, and anti-toxocara igg antibodies. on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (ct) imaging he had a single, 2.16 cm, oval, ill-defined, low-attenuation hepatic nodule which was best appreciated during the portal venous phase of the scan. clinicians should consider hepatic toxocariasis as ... | 2015 | 26513919 |
| immunodiagnostic approaches for the detection of human toxocarosis. | human toxocarosis is an important zoonosis caused by larvae of toxocara canis/cati. the objective was to evaluate the role of igg anti-toxocara antibody detection and the specific igg avidity in diagnostics of human toxocarosis. anti-toxocara igg antibodies and igg avidity were evaluated by excretory-secretory (es)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the igg anti-toxocara seroprevalence in people (n = 7678) from western slovakia was 15.3% and found to be highest in the oldest age groups. ... | 2015 | 26505549 |
| efficacy of nitazoxanide against toxocara canis: larval recovery and humoral immune response in experimentally infected mice. | the efficacy of nitazoxanide (ntz) against toxocariasis was investigated in an experimental murine model and results were compared to those obtained using mebendazole. sixty male balb/c mice, aged six to eight weeks-old, were divided into groups of 10 each; fifty were orally infected with 300 larvaed eggs of t. canis and grouped as follows, g i: infected untreated mice; g ii: infected mice treated with mbz (15 mg/kg/day) 10 days postinfection (dpi); g iii: infected mice treated with ntz (20 mg/k ... | 2016 | 26422159 |
| association between toxocariasis and cognitive function in young to middle-aged adults. | the ascarid nematodes toxocara canis (werner, 1782) and toxocara cati (schrank, 1788) may infect humans resulting in toxocariasis. a prior study associated species of toxocara stiles, 1905 with cognitive deficits in children. to determine if a similar association between toxocariasis and cognition exists in adults, we analysed a large dataset from the united states' center for disease control's national health and nutrition examination survey. we used linear-regression and multivariate models to ... | 2015 | 26374832 |
| sero-epidemiology of toxocara canis infection in children attending four selected health facilities in the central region of ghana. | the study determined the seroprevalence of toxocara canis infection among children attending four selected health facilities in the central region of ghana. | 2015 | 26339090 |