| schistosomiasis haematobium as a cause of vulvar hypertrophy. | schistosomiasis is the most frequently imported helminthic infection in the netherlands. patients with schistosoma haematobium infections usually present with fever, hematuria, dysuria, or urinary frequency. the ectopic localizations in female genital schistosomiasis are frequently misdiagnosed or confounded with sexually transmitted diseases or genital tract cancers. this paper describes a patient who presented with vulvar hypertrophy as a symptom of acute female genital schistosomiasis. the ai ... | 1998 | 9720844 |
| [carcinogenesis via microbial infection]. | recent progress in the field of infectious diseases involving carcinogenesis has been striking. extensive studies of helicobacter pylori, and hepatitis type b and c virus showed that they are the primary cause of gastric cancer and hepatoma, respectively. also some parasites such as opistorchis viverrini and schistosoma haematobium are also putative causes of cholangiocarcinoma and urinary bladder cancer, respectively. all of them require a chronic infection of more than 15 years. more than 50% ... | 1998 | 9725037 |
| schistosomiasis screening and health education for children: action research in nile delta villages. | in egypt an important component of the national schistosomiasis control policy is the regular screening of school children through the rural health units. in the nile delta, a major challenge for the programme is the increasing predominance of schistosoma mansoni, as compared to schistosoma haematobium over the past 20 years, and the need to adjust strategies to this new reality. the action research project, growing out of an in-depth study of schistosomiasis in two nile delta villages, is inten ... | 1998 | 9735935 |
| the public health significance of urinary schistosomiasis as a cause of morbidity in two districts in mali. | schistosoma haematobium-related morbidity was studied in the perennial irrigation area of office du niger and the small reservoirs area of plateau dogon in mali. questionnaire, clinical, parasitologic, and ultrasound examination data were collected from 1,041 individuals at the baseline survey in 1991; 705 were re-examined one year after treatment. at baseline, the overall prevalence of s. haematobium infection was 55.2%; half of those infected had no clinical symptoms and 30% had pathologic les ... | 1998 | 9749635 |
| [schistosoma haematobium in an infant: a duodenal infection]. | | 1998 | 9759176 |
| recent studies on the reproductive biology of the schistosomes and their relevance to speciation in the digenea. | the members of the family schistosomatidae, dioecious digenea, are discussed with regard to their distribution, intermediate and definitive host-parasite relationships. the biological species concept is considered together with the difficulties of its application to schistosoma spp. and the digenea. the correlation between pairing of adult schistosomes, physical and sexual development and the maintenance of reproductive potential is emphasised. development of the female reproductive system does ... | 1998 | 9762560 |
| murine immune responses to schistosoma haematobium and the vaccine candidate rsh28gst. | longitudinal studies of schistosoma haematobium infection in cba mice revealed a progressive down-regulation of cellular immune responses, as measured by mitogenic and antigenic stimulation of in vitro lymphocyte cultures. antigen-stimulated production of the th1 cytokine ifn-gamma by splenocytes increased progressively up to 14 weeks post infection, (four weeks after the onset of parasite egg production), before declining swiftly. levels of the th2 cytokine il-4 in the same cultures remained lo ... | 1998 | 9767601 |
| [schistosomiasis of the female genital tract: anatomoclinical and histopathological aspects. apropos of 26 cases]. | the authors report 26 cases of female genital schistosomiasis. this parasitosis is observed in women of ages ranging between 17 and 70 years (mean age = 30 years) and associated with sterility (6 cases), uterine tract cancer (1 case), tubular pregnancy (1 case), benign teratoma (1 case) and serous cystadenoma (1 case). the diagnosis is based on an histological analysis which shows several lesions with schistosomiasis (schistosoma haematobium) eggs, confirmed by ziehl coloration. when coupled wit ... | 1998 | 9773194 |
| identification of the schistosoma japonicum 22.6-kda antigen as a major target of the human ige response: similarity of ige-binding epitopes to allergen peptides. | human resistance to reinfection with schistosoma mansoni and schistosoma haematobium correlates with elevated ige titers against worm antigens (soluble worm antigen preparation, swap). in s. mansoni infection, low levels of reinfection following chemotherapy are associated with the recognition of a cloned tegumental protein sm22.6. because of potential species-specific differences in resistance to schistosomes, we attempted to identify schistosoma japonicum antigens recognized by human ige. foll ... | 1998 | 9784652 |
| a mass chemotherapy trial of praziquantel on schistosoma haematobium endemicity in upper egypt. | we evaluated the impact of mass chemotherapy using praziquantel (40 mg/kg of body weight) on schistosoma haematobium endemicity in a typical village in giza, upper egypt. the entire village population of 988, determined by census, was included in the study. at baseline all villagers were screened for s. haematobium and offered treatment with praziquantel regardless of their infection status. infection was determined by nucleopore filtration and egg counts were reported per 10 ml of urine. inform ... | 1998 | 9790428 |
| brief survey of common intestinal parasites in the tokyo metropolitan area. | since 1955, when sanitary conditions were poor, the incidence of intestinal parasitism has steadily decreased. similarly, the number of requests for fecal examinations by physicians has also decreased. however, in our hospital, the incidence of parasites detected in fecal material has been increasing since 1994, regardless of the decreasing number of stool exams performed. possible reasons for this situation can be summarized as follows: first, an effective drug for treating trichuris trichiura ... | 1998 | 9796183 |
| a family case report of schistosoma haematobium infection in italian travelers. | schistosoma haematobium infection is endemic in 53 countries and is confined to africa and the middle east.1,2,3 it is estimated that about 90 million persons are infected and that at least 180 million persons are exposed to the risk of infection.1 fortunately, the morbidity caused by s. haematobium infection is probably low, even though it is still difficult to define and evaluate this morbidity with any precision. s. haematobium infection is not a significant cause of death in most endemic are ... | 1995 | 9815386 |
| genital schistosomiasis after a missed diagnosis of katayama syndrome. | schistosomiasis is increasingly reported in travelers to subsaharan africa.1,2 bathing in tropical lakes3 or in other fresh waters2,4 is a recognized risk factor for acquiring it. most cases present with cercarial dermatitis or, 3 to 6 weeks after infection by schistosoma mansoni1,2 (occasionnally schistosoma haematobium), with acute schistosomiasis (katayama syndrome), when the immune response of the body to the larval maturation and migration elicits fever, sweating, arthralgia, urticaria, and ... | 1996 | 9815465 |
| usefulness of semen microscopy in the diagnosis of a difficult case of schistosoma haematobium infection in a returned traveler. | schistosoma haematobium is endemic in many countries of southeast asia, eastern and western africa, and south america. it affects mainly the urinary system, although infection of the genital organs is not infrequent.1,2 infection of male genital organs, especially of the seminal vesicles and prostate1,3 may result in hematospermia and infertility.2,4,5,6,7,8,9 the diagnosis of schistosoma haematobium traditionally relies on demonstrating the presence of characteristic ova in urine and, less ofte ... | 1997 | 9815478 |
| systemic and mucosal immune responses after intranasal administration of recombinant mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin expressing glutathione s-transferase from schistosoma haematobium. | a major goal of current vaccine development is the induction of strong immune responses against protective antigens delivered by mucosal routes. one of the most promising approaches in that respect relies on the use of live recombinant vaccine carriers. in this study, mycobacterium bovis bcg was engineered to produce an intracellular glutathione s-transferase from schistosoma haematobium (sh28gst). the gene encoding sh28gst was placed under the control of the mycobacterial hsp60 promoter on a re ... | 1998 | 9826340 |
| [prevalence of uro-nephrologic complications of urinary bilharziasis in hyperendemic focus in madagascar]. | this prospective study was designed to look for and describe urologic and nephrologic consequences of urinary bilharziosis due to schistosoma haematobium in a hyperendemic hotbed in the middle west of madagascar. methodology included clinical examination, kidney and bladder ultrasonography, urine dipsticks and creatininemia. amongst a population of 574 persons aged 5 years ore more, 436 (76%) had bilharziosis ova in the urine (filtration method). from the clinical point of view, 257 patients (58 ... | 1998 | 9836196 |
| [effect of praziquantel on the uro-nephrologic complications of urinary bilharziasis]. | this study shows the effect of praziquantel as a 12 month treatment on the uro-nephrological consequences of schistosoma haematobium chronic infection. this was done in a hyperendemic setting in the middle west of madagascar. 435 people with ova in their urine filtration test were followed up with clinical examination, ultrasonography, urinary sticks and creatininemia. the prevalence of macroscopic hematuria decreased significantly from 32.5% (153 patients) to 4.3% (20 patients) (p < 0.05). othe ... | 1998 | 9836197 |
| detection and quantification of soluble egg antigen in urine of schistosoma haematobium-infected children from kenya. | while research on alternative diagnostic and morbidity markers for infection with schistosoma haematobium has been going on for a long time, egg counts continue to be used as the gold standard, and infection intensity is thought to reflect the severity of the disease. however, this relationship is not always clear and fluctuation in egg output makes it difficult to classify prevalence correctly. the use of circulating adult worm antigen detection as an alternative diagnostic technique has been a ... | 1998 | 9840595 |
| evolution of schistosoma haematobium-related pathology over 24 months after treatment with praziquantel among school children in southeastern tanzania. | little is known about the dynamics of pathology due to schistosomiasis following treatment. public health authorities in endemic areas require such information to decide on the timing of treatment and re-treatment schedules. a study to assess the rate of clearance and reappearance of pathologic lesions due to schistosoma haematobium using ultrasound has now been carried out in two schools in southeastern tanzania, an area of moderate-to-high transmission. baseline data collection found urinary t ... | 1998 | 9840596 |
| schistosomiasis of the lower reproductive tract without egg excretion in urine. | the individual and public health impact of female genital schistosomiasis (fgs) has been studied and fgs as a risk factor for acquiring human immunodeficiency virus is discussed. in a community-based study in tanzania, 40% of the women of child-bearing age (n=543) showed excretion of schistosoma haematobium eggs in the urine (median=2.2 eggs/10 ml of urine) and 32% (n=263) had s. haematobium eggs in their cervical tissue. urinary and genital schistosomiasis coexisted in 62% of the women, but s. ... | 1998 | 9840597 |
| predicting the impact of school-based treatment for urinary schistosomiasis given by the ghana partnership for child development. | mathematical models can be used to predict the impact of interventions to control infectious diseases. in this paper, an epidemiological model is used to predict the impact of chemotherapy of school-age children infected with schistosoma haematobium, in a programme conducted by the ghana partnership for child development in the volta region, ghana. existing data were used to validate the predictions of the model, demonstrating convincingly the ability of the model to make correct predictions. pr ... | 1998 | 9850386 |
| the population biology and epidemiology of schistosome and geohelminth infections among schoolchildren in tanzania. | a study of helminth infections was undertaken among 3244 schoolchildren from 28 schools in morogoro rural district, tanzania. schistosoma haematobium was the most common infection, followed by hookworms, ascaris lumbricoides, s. mansoni, and trichuris trichiura. infection prevalence of each species varied among schools and age groups, but not between sexes. there was no relationship between the prevalences of different infections among schools, except for a strong negative correlation between th ... | 1998 | 9861359 |
| the health and nutritional status of schoolchildren in africa: evidence from school-based health programmes in ghana and tanzania. the partnership for child development. | surveys of the health of schoolchildren in tanga region, tanzania and volta region, ghana are reported. two age groups of both sexes were studied: 8-9 and 12-13 years old. children themselves tend to have a poor perception of their health status. this is confirmed by biomedical surveys. evidence was common of chronic ill-health due to undernutrition, anaemia, parasitic infections and micronutrient deficiencies. the older age groups of both sexes were significantly more stunted (height-for-age z ... | 1998 | 9861390 |
| schistosomiasis in northern mozambique. | a survey of 12 schools in cabo delgado, northern mozambique, was performed to assess the extent of schistosomiasis infection. questionnaires validated by parasitological examination of stools and urine were used. very high prevalences of schistosoma haematobium infection were found in all schools (77.5% was the lowest recorded), so the questionnaires did not distinguish 'high risk' schools. however, they clearly indicated a good knowledge of the infection by students and teachers. the disease wa ... | 1998 | 9861396 |
| morphometrical and immunopathological dissection of the hepatic schistosoma haematobium granuloma in the murine host. | this paper presents the results of a study aimed at identifying the immunopathological and morphometrical characteristics of liver granulomas induced by the parasite schistosoma haematobium. the of1 mouse is a susceptible host for experimental infection with the egyptian namru-3 strain of s. haematobium. formation of liver granulomas started after 13-14 weeks of infection. these hepatic granulomas reached a maximum volume after 20 weeks of infection (mgv: 1.82 +/- 0.15 x 10(7) micron 3) and regr ... | 1998 | 9879552 |
| new sites of bulinus truncatus and indigenous cases of urinary schistosomiasis in jordan. | thirty-two autochthonous cases of schistosoma haematobium are reported from ghore as-safi, karak lowlands, jordan. all infected persons were males (9-46 years-old). new unusual breeding sites for bulinus truncatus are discovered. the past and current distribution of the snail intermediate host is given. | 1998 | 9879562 |
| urinary schistosomiasis among school children in nigeria: consequences of indigenous beliefs and water contact activities. | a study of urinary schistosomiasis in umueze-anam, anambra state, nigeria, showed a schistosoma haematobium infection of 26% (85) among school children with no significant difference by sex except when age as a variable is introduced. eleven percent (37) of the 333 children were positive for haematuria; all these 37 children lived within 1.0 km of the water sources. of the 85 infected children, swimming and laundering accounted for 65% and 48% of all water contact activities, for boys and girls ... | 1997 | 9881116 |
| schistosomiasis of the uterine cervix. | | 1998 | 9883929 |
| diagnostic value of a miracidium in urinary sediment. | although rarely encountered in the united states, urinary tract schistosomiasis occurs commonly in many countries in the eastern hemisphere. travel and immigration may contribute to imported cases of schistosomiasis. excessive morbidity and increased mortality, including the development of urinary-tract squamous-cell carcinoma, are associated with untreated schistosoma haematobium infection. therefore, in the appropriate clinical context, all efforts should be made to rule out infectious and rea ... | 1999 | 9884825 |
| [vesical bilharziasis. a report of a new case]. | to describe an additional case of urinary schistosomiasis, a rare disease in our setting. | 1998 | 9887571 |
| rapid detection of a schistosoma mansoni circulating antigen excreted in urine of infected individuals by using a monoclonal antibody. | schistosoma circulating antigens were used to indicate the infection intensity and to assess cure. an immunoglobulin g2a (igg2a) mouse monoclonal antibody was used in a fast dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa; fda) for rapid and simple diagnosis of schistosomiasis in the field. seven hundred egyptians were parasitologically examined for schistosoma mansoni and other parasitic infections. a rectal biopsy was done as a "gold standard" for individuals showing no s. mansoni eggs in their f ... | 1999 | 9889217 |
| colon polyps in schistosoma haematobium schistosomiasis. | | 1998 | 9921372 |
| morbidity induced by schistosoma haematobium infections, as assessed by ultrasound before and after treatment with praziquantel, in a recently expanded focus (senegal river basin). | seven years after the completion of two dams in the senegal river basin, 203 individuals from four villages around podor in the middle valley, where schistosoma haematobium infections were present, were examined in june 1995. in december 1995 a single dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg) was given to each of these subjects, who were re-examined in april 1996. clinical and parasitological signs of infection were investigated at both examinations, and ultrasonography was performed to check for lesions ... | 1998 | 9924535 |
| schistosoma haematobium: comparative studies on the characteristics of infection in three populations of planorbarius metidjensis from the agadir province in south morocco. | planorbarius metidjensis measuring 2 or 3 mm in diameter and originating from three populations in the agadir province (ida ou gnidif, imouzzer, and sidi belkacem) were experimentally infected with schistosoma haematobium to determine if the complete larval development of the parasite might be ensured by any snail population of the agadir province and to compare the general characteristics of infection. no significant difference between the three populations was noted in the survival rates of sn ... | 1999 | 9951968 |
| vaccine potential of a recombinant glutathione s-transferase cloned from schistosoma haematobium in primates experimentally infected with an homologous challenge. | patas monkeys were twice immunized with a schistosoma haematobium-derived recombinant glutathione s-transferase (sh28gst) then challenged with an homologous calibrated challenge. bcg and freund's complete adjuvant (fca) were used as adjuvants in two distinct protocols. specific igg and iga antibody responses were intense and homogeneous in the animals receiving sh28gst in the presence of fca, whereas bcg could only induce moderate and heterogeneous antibody titres. no significant effect on worm ... | 1999 | 9987169 |
| changes in specific anti-egg antibody levels following treatment with praziquantel for schistosoma haematobium infection in children. | fifty-seven children 6-15 years old resident in a schistosoma haematobium endemic area in eastern zimbabwe were treated with praziquantel at 40 mg/kg body weight. levels of iga, ige, igg1, igg2, igg3, igg4, and igm antibodies against soluble egg antigen (sea) were assayed by elisa before treatment and at 18 and 36 weeks following treatment. prevalence of infection (as determined by urine egg counts) was 65% before treatment, all children were confirmed egg negative six weeks after treatment, and ... | 1998 | 9990644 |
| partial allelotype of schistosomiasis-associated bladder cancer. | in egypt and other regions of the middle east where the trematode schistosoma haematobium is endemic, bladder cancer is the most common adult cancer. unlike bladder cancers in western countries, which are predominantly transitional-cell carcinoma (tcc), these schistosomiasis-associated bladder cancers are predominantly squamous-cell carcinoma (scc). our aim was to assess a large series of schistosomiasis-associated bladder tumours for genetic alterations commonly found in tcc in the united kingd ... | 1999 | 10048962 |
| common features of t cell reactivity in persistent helminth infections: lymphatic filariasis and schistosomiasis. | this review highlights striking similarities in the down-regulated inflammatory responses that are observed in chronic infectious diseases. it is clear that peripheral mononuclear cells show poor antigen-specific t cell proliferation in lymphatic filariasis as well as schistosomiasis. with respect to cytokines both th1- and th2-type products are down-regulated during chronic infection. drug treatment restores responsiveness in both diseases indicating a link between infection and immune suppress ... | 1999 | 10065636 |
| double-blind placebo-controlled study of concurrent administration of albendazole and praziquantel in schoolchildren with schistosomiasis and geohelminths. | a double-blind placebo-controlled study of the concurrent administration of albendazole and praziquantel was conducted in>1500 children with high prevalences of geohelminths and schistosomiasis. the study sites were in china and the philippines, including 2 strains of schistosoma japonicum, and 2 different regions of kenya, 1 each with endemic schistosoma mansoni or schistosoma haematobium. neither medication affected the cure rate of the other. there was no difference between the side effect ra ... | 1999 | 10068597 |
| purification and crystallization of a novel membrane-anchored protein: the schistosoma haematobium serpin. | a unique serine-protease inhibitor (serpin) of the blood fluke s. haematobium has been crystallized. it is an antitrypsin with an unusual residue (phenylalanine) at its reactive center. unlike any known member of this gene family, it is a membrane-anchored protein on the surface of the parasite. the location of this serpin and immunological response to the protein indicate that it may play a important role in host-parasite interaction. the crystals belong to the trigonal space group p3221 or p31 ... | 1999 | 10089448 |
| controlling schistosomiasis: the cost-effectiveness of alternative delivery strategies. | sustainable schistosomiasis control cannot be based on large-scale vertical treatment strategies in most endemic countries, yet little is known about the costs and effectiveness of more affordable options. this paper presents calculations of the cost-effectiveness of two forms of chemotherapy targeted at school-children and compares them with chemotherapy integrated into the routine activities of the primary health care system. the focus is on schistosoma haematobium. economic and epidemiologica ... | 1994 | 10139471 |
| eosinophils, eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin in serum and urine of patients with onchocerciasis coinfected with intestinal nematodes and in urinary schistosomiasis. | eosinophils, eosinophil cationic protein (ecp), eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (edn/epx), myeloperoxidase (mpo) and ige were measured in blood, serum and/or urine in schistosoma haematobium- and onchocerca volvulus-infected guineans and o. volvulus- and s. haematobium-negative guineans coinfected or infected with intestinal nematodes. the number of eosinophils and levels of eosinophil granule proteins but not of mpo were found to be strongly elevated in all africans as compared to european contro ... | 1999 | 10206116 |
| [important parasitic nephropathies: update from the recent literature]. | renal involvement in parasitic infections are polymorphic. plasmodium malariae often leads to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis whereas acute tubular necrosis or post-infectious acute glomerulonephritis are observed with plasmodium falciparum. urogenital taxis of schistosoma haematobium is responsible for frequency of chronic tubular and interstitial nephritis. without specific treatment, the renal function progressively deteriorates and urological complications appear. schistosoma manson ... | 1999 | 10227026 |
| resolution and resurgence of schistosoma haematobium-induced pathology after community-based chemotherapy in ghana, as detected by ultrasound. | community-based treatment is recommended for endemic populations with urinary schistosomiasis; however, the optimal target group for treatment and retreatment interval have not been established. using ultrasound, this study identified subpopulations whose lesions were most likely to respond to treatment and characterized resurgence of pathology. ultrasound examination of 1202 infected patients was followed by chemotherapy with praziquantel. a sample of 698 patients was followed for 18 months aft ... | 1999 | 10228074 |
| a comparison of re-infection rates with schistosoma haematobium following chemotherapy in areas with high and low levels of infection. | two groups of children (6-15 years) from a schistosoma haematobium endemic area were followed for 9 months after praziquantel treatment. seventy-three children came from an area of high infection while 67 children came from an area of low infection. pre-treatment infection prevalence in the high infection area (76.6%) was significantly higher than that in low infection area (36.3%). levels of anti-sea immunoglobulin (ig)a and igm were significantly higher and levels of igg3 significantly lower i ... | 1999 | 10320623 |
| urinary schistosomiasis among schoolchildren in ibadan, an urban community in south-western nigeria. | the current status of urinary schistosomiasis was assessed in ibadan, an urban community in south-western nigeria. of 1331 children examined for eggs of s. haematobium in their urine, 17.4% were infected. prevalence in postprimary schoolchildren was significantly (p < 0.01) higher (22.4%) than in primary schoolchildren (12.0%). intensity of infection based on geometric mean egg count per 10 ml of urine was also higher in postprimary (36.7 eggs/10 ml urine) than primary pupils (29.9 eggs/10 ml ur ... | 1999 | 10320657 |
| the dynamics of a soluble egg antigen of schistosoma haematobium in relation to egg counts, circulating anodic and cathodic antigens and pathology markers before and after chemotherapy. | a cohort of schistosoma haematobium infected schoolchildren from cameroon (n = 146) was studied for urine circulating soluble egg antigen (sea), in comparison to other urine infection parameters: the circulating adult worm-derived antigens, circulating anodic and cathodic antigens (caa and cca), egg counts and the reagent strip index (rsi). before treatment, sea prevalence was 90%, while 89% and 65% of the children were positive for cca and caa respectively. the children were treated with 2 dose ... | 1998 | 10326106 |
| evaluation of dipsticks in schistosoma haematobium infections in four villages in the middle valley of the senegal river basin, senegal. | | 1998 | 10326107 |
| emergence of schistosoma mansoni infection in upper egypt: the giza governorate. | we found an unexpectedly high prevalence of schistosoma mansoni in a village in the upper egyptian governorate of giza. historically, s. mansoni is endemic in the northern egyptian nile delta rather than in the southern upper egypt. this observation was made during an evaluation of a rural health care schistosomiasis surveillance program using a cross sectional survey for s. haematobium and s. mansoni in the village of el-gezira el-shakra el-saf district in the upper egypt giza governorate. a 10 ... | 1999 | 10344658 |
| helminth- and bacillus calmette-guérin-induced immunity in children sensitized in utero to filariasis and schistosomiasis. | infants and children are routinely vaccinated with bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) in areas of the world where worm infections are common. because maternal helminth infection during pregnancy can sensitize the developing fetus, we studied whether this prenatal immunity persists in childhood and modifies the immune response to bcg. children and newborns living in rural kenya, where bcg is administered at birth and filariasis and schistosomiasis are endemic, were examined. t cells from 2- to 10-yea ... | 1999 | 10352306 |
| schistosoma tor (trispanning orphan receptor), a novel, antigenic surface receptor of the blood-dwelling, schistosoma parasite. | sh-tor is a novel, putative three transmembrane domain receptor of schistosoma haematobium, which has no extensive homology to any other known protein. the 0.86 kb open reading frame was found to encode a novel protein, 286 amino acids long and of 32 kda. it was shown that sh-tor can be phosphorylated on tyrosine and the protein sequence reveals a long cytoplasmic tail with several consensus phosphorylation sites for enzymes which characteristically associate with membrane receptors. the propose ... | 1999 | 10366712 |
| the relationship between schistosoma haematobium infection and school performance and attendance in bamako, mali. | schistosomiasis due to schistosoma haematobium was the most common helminth infection in school-age children from a poor area in bamako, mali. almost half (47%) of the boys and 40% of the girls were infected, 18% of the children being heavily infected. there was a significant decline in academic performance and in school attendance with increasing intensity of infection. when all sources of variation were taken into consideration, absenteeism was the main factor explaining the variation in acade ... | 1998 | 10396345 |
| parameters associated with schistosoma haematobium infection before and after chemotherapy in school children from two villages in the coast province of kenya. | we evaluated the impact of praziquantel therapy (40 mg/kg body weight) on indicators of infection with schistosoma haematobium by following a cohort of infected children from schools located 12 km apart in the coast province of kenya, at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 18 months after treatment. within this period, measurements of infection parameters pertaining to egg counts and haematuria (micro-, macro- and history) were evaluated at all time points. the initial prevalence of 100% dropped significantly 8 ... | 1999 | 10402968 |
| application of immunodiagnostic assays: detection of antibodies and circulating antigens in human schistosomiasis and correlation with clinical findings. | in an initial cross-sectional survey, serum, urine, and stool samples were collected from 370 participants representing about 10% of the population (n = 4,438) in behbeet village, 50 km south of cairo, egypt, an area well known to be endemic solely for schistosoma haematobium. diagnosis was approached in two parallel ways. the first approach, which simulated actual conditions in many endemic areas in egypt, was based on physical examination and urine and stool microscopic analysis. the second ap ... | 1999 | 10403328 |
| a case of mixed infection with schistosoma haematobium and trichinella sp. | | 1999 | 10423955 |
| self-diagnosis as a possible basis for treating urinary schistosomiasis: a study of schoolchildren in a rural area of the united republic of tanzania. partnership for child development. | a questionnaire for schoolchildren about symptoms of urinary schistosomiasis is becoming widely used to identify schools where the prevalence of infection with schistosoma haematobium is greater than 50%, the threshold for applying mass treatment. this strategy typically leaves many schools without treatment even though some of the children have urinary schistosomiasis and blood in urine. we examined data collected during an evaluation of a school health programme in tanga region, the united rep ... | 1999 | 10427932 |
| is an anti-schistosoma haematobium vaccine necessary? | | 1999 | 10428643 |
| therapeutic and operational profiles of metrifonate and praziquantel in schistosoma haematobium infection. | a systematic analysis of the existing literature has been undertaken to compare the therapeutic and operational profiles of metrifonate (cas 52-68-6), and praziquantel (cas 55-268-74-1), two anti-schistosomal compounds. the criteria evaluated were therapeutic efficacy against schistosoma haematobium and other helminths, impact on pathology commonly associated with s. haematobium infection, frequency, type and duration of adverse reactions, health risk associated with inadvertent overdosage, appl ... | 1999 | 10442201 |
| biomonitoring of n-nitroso compounds, nitrite and nitrate in the urine of egyptian bladder cancer patients with or without schistosoma haematobium infection. | the excretion of nitrate, nitrite, apparent total n-nitroso compounds and volatile nitrosamines was measured in 24 hr urine from 61 egyptians, divided into 4 groups: controls, schistosoma haematobium-infected patients and bladder cancer patients with and without a history of schistosomal infection. urinary nitrate in s. haematobium-infected patients was significantly higher than in the other 3 groups. nitrite was below the detection limit of the method (</=0.015 microgram/mg creatinine) in all b ... | 1999 | 10446442 |
| the effect of different treatment regimens on the epidemiology of seasonally transmitted schistosoma haematobium infections in four villages in the senegal river basin, senegal. | this paper describes the present epidemiological situation of schistosoma haematobium in 4 villages in the middle valley of the senegal river basin, in terms of level and intensity of infection, seasonality of transmission, and intermediate hosts, and the effect of different treatment schedules with praziquantel on the overall infection levels and re-infection rates. the longitudinal study involving 7 surveys was carried out between june 1995 and march 1997 in diatar, guia, donaye and niandane. ... | 1999 | 10450436 |
| photo quiz. schistosoma haematobium. | | 1999 | 10452621 |
| parasite-induced bladder pathology. | | 1999 | 10454795 |
| schistosoma haematobium infection in abeokuta. | ten years after the initial report of the outbreak of schistosomiasis in the vicinity of sokori stream (a tributary of ogun river) in abeokuta, nigeria, investigation was carried out to determine the present status of the disease, given the increased socioeconomic activities in the city. a total of 1670 school pupils in three schools within one kilometer radius of the stream, and 234 adults found using the stream for some water related activities were examined for eggs in their urine. one hundre ... | 1998 | 10456120 |
| schistosomiasis of the female genital tract: public health aspects. | in this paper gabriele poggensee, hermann feldmeier and ingela krantz discuss the public health relevance of female genital schistosomiasis (fgs). some of the stated hypotheses are supported only by clinical observations and/or circumstantial evidence as valid epidemiological and immunological data of this disease entity are still very scanty. morbidity caused by the presence of schistosome eggs in the lower and upper genital tract have been almost completely neglected during the past two decade ... | 1999 | 10461167 |
| immunocytochemistry and the diagnosis of schistosomiasis: ancient and modern. | | 1999 | 10461228 |
| urine circulating soluble egg antigen in relation to egg counts, hematuria, and urinary tract pathology before and after treatment in children infected with schistosoma haematobium in kenya. | a cohort of 117 school children infected with schistosoma haematobium was followed-up after therapy with praziquantel (0, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 18 months) and various infection and morbidity parameters (egg counts, hematuria, soluble egg antigen [sea] in urine, and ultrasonography-detectable pathology) were quantified. at the onset of the study, 97% of the children were positive for s. haematobium with a geometric mean egg count of 45.7 eggs/10 ml of urine. eighty-one percent of the children were pos ... | 1999 | 10463669 |
| increase of intestinal schistosomiasis after praziquantel treatment in a schistosoma haematobium and schistosoma mansoni mixed focus. | the recent emergence of a mixed focus of schistosoma haematobium-schistosoma mansoni, in the lower delta of the senegal river, requires adapted control programmes. a mass treatment with praziquantel was organised in april 1994 by local authorities in three villages where populations had been examined. a total of 2042 subjects participated. in savoigne s. haematobium prevailed (53% for prevalence), in diagambaly s. haematobium (64%) and s. mansoni (76%) were both abundant, and in boundoum s. mans ... | 1999 | 10465054 |
| immunochemical characterization and diagnostic potential of a 63-kilodalton schistosoma antigen. | schistosoma circulating antigens were used for the detection of active infection. anti-s. mansoni igg2a monoclonal antibody (mab) designated c5c4 was generated. the target epitope of this mab was detected in adult worms, eggs, and cercariae antigenic extracts of s. mansoni and s. haematobium, had a molecular size of 63 kd, and was not detected in fasciola hepatica and ascaris. in addition, a 50-kd degradation product was identified only in the urine of infected individuals. analysis by high-perf ... | 1999 | 10466983 |
| [malacologic-schistosomal study of the refugee camps on the plain of ruzizi in the democratic republic of the congo]. | bilharziasis due to schistosoma mansoni is widespread in the eastern part of the people's republic of the congo, particularly in the ruzizi plain area. the intermediate host is the fresh-water snail biomphalaria pfeifferi whose ecology is now well documented. bilharziasis due to schistosoma haematobium and schistosoma intercalatum have not yet been observed but the potential for this development is high given the presence of the intermediate hosts, i.e. bulinus truncatus, bulinus globosus, and b ... | 1999 | 10472580 |
| [the prevalence of schistosomiasis in togo. a cross-sectional study conducted in a school setting]. | as a prelude to a national campaign to control schistosomiasis in togo, mass screening of school children in 22 prefectures was undertaken to determine the extent of endemic schistosomiasis. children were randomly selected for testing. in each case, stool examinations using by the kato-katz method and urine tests (centrifugation of 10 ml) were performed to detect schistosome eggs. a total of 2511 children were tested. the sex ratio was 1.7 and mean age 10.4 years (range: 5 to 20 years). the inci ... | 1999 | 10472583 |
| the impact of the local water-development programme on the abundance of the intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis in three villages of the senegal river delta. | the populations of the potential intermediate hosts of schistosoma mansoni and s. haematobium were studied for a year at transmission sites near three villages in the lower delta of the senegal river. biomphalaria pfeifferi, found to be widely distributed and increasingly abundant, appears to be well adapted to the new areas of irrigation (created by the dams at diama and manantali) thanks to its ability to withstand changes in temperature and to aestivate. this species is responsible for intens ... | 1999 | 10474638 |
| ultrasonographic urinary tract abnormalities in schistosoma haematobium infection. | evaluation of ultrasonographic abnormalities with active schistosoma haematobium infection in yemeni patients. | 1999 | 10481960 |
| the sudanese immigrant with recurrent gross haematuria--diagnosis at a glance by examination of the urine sediment. | | 1999 | 10489244 |
| long-term suppression of adult bladder morbidity and severe hydronephrosis following selective population chemotherapy for schistosoma haematobium. | repeated selective population chemotherapy of school age children reduces infection and morbidity associated with schistosoma haematobium infection. to examine the long-term effect of this treatment on susceptibility to re-infection and late disease, a cohort of kenyans (n = 194) were re-examined for infection and urinary tract morbidity 7-13 years after they underwent annual ultrasonography and treatment for an average of 5 years beginning in 1984 as children. controls were previously untreated ... | 1999 | 10497994 |
| the epidemiology of a recent focus of mixed schistosoma haematobium and schistosoma mansoni infections around the 'lac de guiers' in the senegal river basin, senegal. | a village with mixed schistosoma mansoni and s. haematobium infections (probably in a early endemic phase) was identified around the lac de guiers in the senegal river basin. in documenting the epidemiology of both schistosomes, we focused on prevalence and intensity of infection, transmission patterns and the impact of treatment. s. mansoni prevalences (near 100%) and egg counts (overall geometric mean eggs per gram of faeces (epg) of 589 were high in all age groups, with 35% of individuals exc ... | 1999 | 10499077 |
| host-parasite population genetics: a cross-sectional comparison of bulinus globosus and schistosoma haematobium. | the genetic population structures of the freshwater snail bulinus globosus and its trematode parasite schistosoma haematobium from 8 river sites in the zimbabwean highveld were compared using randomly amplified dna (rapd) markers. there was significant variability between snail populations collected at different sites, but schistosome populations only showed differentiation at a wider geographical scale (between 2 non-connected river systems). for snails, genetic distance was better correlated w ... | 1999 | 10503255 |
| leucocyte migration inhibitory factor assay in nigerians with urinary schistosomiasis. | schistosome antigens (soluble egg antigen and adult worm antigen) and non-schistosome antigens (bacille calmette guerin vaccine antigen and measles virus vaccine antigen) were used to assay for leucocyte migration inhibitory factors (lmif) in nigerian children with and without schistosoma haematobium infection. the severity of s. haematobium infection was graded into light infection (1-49 eggs/ 10 ml urine) or heavy infection (more than or equal to 50 eggs/10 ml urine). the mean percentage migra ... | 1999 | 10504865 |
| chromosomal aberrations in bilharzial bladder cancer as detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. | cancer of the bladder is a frequent malignancy in egypt and other developing countries in which bladder infection with the parasite schistosoma haematobium is common. several epidemiological, histopathological, and clinical characteristics of cancer of the bilharzial bladder suggest that it is distinct from bladder cancer seen in other places in the world. no numerical aberrations of chromosomes that might be specific for bilharzial bladder carcinoma have been established. in this study, we used ... | 1999 | 10526537 |
| hematuria in two school-age refugee brothers from africa. | | 1999 | 10532664 |
| schistosomal granuloma modulation. iii. schistosma haematobium worms accelerate s. mansoni soluble egg antigen-induced hepatic granuloma formation in vivo. | recurrent experimental evidence indicates that schistosomal egg granuloma formation at least in the murine model results from a host response generated against both egg- and worm-derived antigens. further experiments aimed at identifying the existence in vivo of cross-sensitization between schistosoma haematobium worms and s. mansoni-derived egg antigens were performed with respect to s. mansoni egg antigen-induced granuloma formation and fibrogenesis in the liver. male of1 mice bisexually infec ... | 1999 | 10540951 |
| impact of the crayfish procambarus clarkii on schistosoma haematobium transmission in kenya. | the louisiana red swamp crayfish, procambarus clarkii, which was introduced into east africa in the 1950s or 1960s, has since widely dispersed. previous work by our group has shown that p. clarkii can reduce populations of the molluscan intermediate hosts of human schistosomes through predatory and competitive interactions. here, we investigate whether crayfish can reduce populations of bulinus africanus and consequently, schistosoma haematobium prevalence in school children. children from 6 pri ... | 1999 | 10586907 |
| the performance of school-based questionnaires of reported blood in urine in diagnosing schistosoma haematobium infection: patterns by age and sex. | this study investigates the performance of school-based questionnaires of reported blood in urine as an indicator of the prevalence of schistosoma haematobium infection in schools and the presence of infection in individuals. in most schools (87%), the prevalence of reported blood in urine underestimates the prevalence of s. haematobium infection. predictive value analysis suggests that a threshold of 30% reported blood in urine would identify most of the high prevalence schools (i.e. those with ... | 1999 | 10588769 |
| acute pulmonary schistosomiasis in travelers returning from lake malawi, sub-saharan africa. | we describe four cases of acute schistosomiasis presenting to the infectious diseases unit of john radcliffe hospital (oxford, england) during a 2-month period in autumn 1997. all four patients had swum in lake malawi, a freshwater lake in sub-saharan africa that is associated with schistosoma haematobium and, less commonly, schistosoma mansoni infections. all four patients had a severe acute illness and had prominent pulmonary involvement, both clinically and radiologically. this represents a c ... | 1999 | 10589899 |
| interleukin-4, immunoglobulin e and immunoglobulin a and resistance to re-infection with schistosoma haematobium before and after chemotherapy. | the role of serum il-4, ige and iga in protective immunity had been determined in 88- s. haematobium infected-individuals before and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after treatment with a single dose of praziquantel. before treatment, il-4 level was found to be highly significant in all stages of infection, there was a positive correlation between il-4 levels and egg count. whereas serum ige and iga levels were significantly high in late infected group showing a negative correlation with egg count. after ... | 1999 | 10605492 |
| eosinophilia as a diagnostic value in patients suffering from schistosomiasis haematobium comparing to eosinophiluria and egg count in the urine. | sixty cases ranging in age between 18-30 years old, 50 of them were suffering from schistosomiasis haematobium, they were selected from in- and out-patient clinic of theodor bilharz research institute. patients were divided into three groups, 20 infected and not treated, 20 infected and treated then exposed again to infection and 10 were completely treated. the authors have a fourth group to serve healthy control. blood samples were collected to count eosinophil percentage and absolute eosinophi ... | 1999 | 10605495 |
| the possibility of transplacental transmission of experimental schistosomiasis. | congenital transmission of schistosoma mansoni and s. haematobium in mice was studied by experimentally infecting pregnant mice on day three, or nine or 14 of gestation. none of the pups born to mothers infected in early or mid-pregnancy were infected. however, several pregnancies ended in abortion ranging between 10%-40%. on the other hand, eight out of 35 pups born to mice infected with s. mansoni and five out of 30 pups born to mice infected with s. haematobium in late pregnancy were found to ... | 1999 | 10605509 |
| schistosomiasis in newly reclaimed areas in egypt. 2--patterns of transmission. | the distribution, abundance and seasonality of infected biomphalaria alexandrina and bulinus truncatus were studied for 2 years (1992-1994) in two newly reclaimed areas, namely el manayef and el-morra areas located on both sides of suez canal near ismailia city. the results confirm the occurrence of transmission of both schistosoma mansoni and s. haematobium since infected snails of both species were recovered in these areas. this consequently proves that reclamation of parts of the desert utili ... | 1999 | 10605512 |
| simple school questionnaires can map both schistosoma mansoni and schistosoma haematobium in the democratic republic of congo. | the use of self-administered questionnaires has been shown in different african countries to be inexpensive and reliable for the rapid identification of communities at highest risk of urinary schistosomiasis. for intestinal schistosomiasis due to schistosoma mansoni there is a clear need for a similar approach. we report the results from a large-scale study undertaken in the western part of the democratic republic of congo (drc, formerly zaire). within 4 weeks questionnaires were correctly compl ... | 2000 | 10643911 |
| mating interactions between schistosoma haematobium and s. mansoni. | schistosoma haematobium and s. mansoni are two medically important schistosomes, commonly occurring sympatrically in africa and so potentially able to infect the same human host. experiments were designed to study the mating behaviour of these two species in mixed infections in hamsters. analysis of the data obtained showed that both heterospecific and homospecific pairs readily form. no significant difference was seen between the two species in their ability in forming pairs, however, s. manson ... | 1999 | 10654406 |
| a monoclonal antibody against schistosoma haematobium soluble egg antigen: efficacy for diagnosis and monitoring of cure of s. haematobium infection. | a monoclonal antibody (mab), 2f/11f, raised against schistosoma haematobium soluble egg antigen (sea) was found to be nonreactive with s. mansoni sea or other parasite antigens (fasciola hepatica, echinococcus granulosus). this igg1 mab recognized a repetitive epitope on s. haematobium sea in the molecular-weight regions of 70, 42, and 35 kda. it was employed as both an antigen-capture and a biotinylated detection antibody in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection ... | 2000 | 10669141 |
| schistosoma haematobium infection in children in britain. | to highlight the existence of schistosoma haematobium in certain ethnic minority groups in britain and in english citizens who have recently visited africa and the middle east, so that general practitioners and paediatric nephrologists/urologists are aware of its occurrence and consider it among the differential diagnoses in children presenting with haematuria. | 2000 | 10671890 |
| control of urinary schistosomiasis: an investigation into the effective use of questionnaires to identify high-risk communities and individuals in niger state, nigeria. | schistosomiasis is a public health problem in nigeria. although there is a national programme for its control, there is the need for reliable and simple means of rapidly diagnosing communities to provide a detailed map on the distribution of the disease in the country, in order to prioritize control activities, as well as to monitor the effectiveness of control operations. a rapid assessment technique using school questionnaires was tested in borgu local government area (lga), niger state, north ... | 2000 | 10672206 |
| school-based schistosomiasis control programmes: a comparative study on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among nigerian school-age children in and out of school. | a cross-sectional study was conducted in february 1998 on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among school-age children in and out of school at adim village in nigeria to test the objective of delivering a control programme through the school system. school enrollment figures and non-attendance rate were collated from questionnaires that were self-administered by heads of families. prevalence and intensity of infection were determined following filtration of urine and countin ... | 1999 | 10674083 |
| blood in the urine of adolescent girls in an area of ghana with a low prevalence of infection with schistosoma haematobium. | | 1999 | 10674091 |
| community-based study of genital schistosomiasis in men from madagascar. | detection of schistosoma haematoblum eggs in 43% of semen samples with increased levels of eosinophil cationic protein suggests that the genital organs of men are frequently affected with schistosomiasis. | 2000 | 10675174 |
| natural infection with schistosomes of the schistosoma haematobium group in a dog in zambia. | post-mortem examination of an adult male jack russell dog from zambia revealed that it was heavily infected with schistosomes. the dog had been admitted, with a history of retching, 4 days before its death. at necropsy, the liver was found to be enlarged, with multiple pin-point yellowish-white foci scattered diffusely throughout the organ. multiple pin-point recent and old haemorrhages were seen on the mucosal surface of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the stomach and proximal duode ... | 2000 | 10684694 |
| gross histopathological effects of an extract of agave attenuata on the epithelium of the digestive tract of bulinus africanus. | a lethal concentration of a crude, aqueous extract of agave attenuata was applied as a contact poison to bulinus africanus, the intermediate host of schistosoma haematobium, for a 24-h period. the gross histopathological effects of the extract on the epithelium of the digestive tract were then studied. a graded series of cellular injuries to the epithelial layer was observed along the length of the tract. these included the loss of cilia and brush border, disruption of the epithelial layer, cell ... | 1999 | 10690248 |
| planning chemotherapy based schistosomiasis control: validation of a mathematical model using data on schistosoma haematobium from pemba, tanzania. | a mathematical model, based on a deterministic differential equation framework, has been developed to predict the impact of community chemotherapy programmes for human schistosomiasis. here, this model is validated using data collected from a long-term control programme for urinary schistosomiasis on the island of pemba, zanzibar, united republic of tanzania, initiated in 1986 and still ongoing, in which schoolchildren were offered praziquantel chemotherapy every 6 months. prevalence of infectio ... | 1999 | 10694162 |
| patterns of concurrent hookworm infection and schistosomiasis in schoolchildren in tanzania. | a cross-sectional study of 6897 schoolchildren in 59 out of the 155 primary schools in magu district on the shores of lake victoria, tanzania, was undertaken in 1997 to determine the prevalence of single- and multiple-species helminth infection. schistosoma haematobium, hookworm (primarily necator americanus) and s. mansoni were the most common helminth species infecting schoolchildren in the district. the prevalences of ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris trichiura were negligible (< 1%). anaemi ... | 1999 | 10696404 |
| patterns of reinfection following praziquantel treatment of urinary schistosomiasis at a period of low transmission. | | 2000 | 10708014 |