| [identification and susceptibility against fluconazole and albaconazole of 100 yeasts' strains isolated from vaginal discharge]. | vulvovaginal candidiasis is a condition that affects a great number of fertile women. it is considered the second cause of genital infection after vaginosis due to gam complex. candida albicans is the most frequent isolated species from vaginal discharge. however, sometimes more than one yeast species could be found in the same clinical sample that are more resistant to antifungal drugs. nowadays, it is necessary to identify properly up to species level the isolated microorganism and to determin ... | 2007 | 18095765 |
| membrane structure and interactions of a short lycotoxin i analogue. | lycotoxin i and lycotoxin ii are natural anti-microbial peptides that were identified in the venom of the wolf spider lycosa carolinensis. these peptides were found to be potent growth inhibitors for bacteria (escherichia coli) and yeast (candida glabrata) at micromolar concentrations. recently, shortened analogues of lycoi and lycoii have been reported to have decreased haemolytic effects. a shorter lyco-i analogue studied, lycoi 1-15 (h-iwltalkflgkhaak-nh2), was active only above 10 microm, bu ... | 2008 | 18098329 |
| early clinical experience with anidulafungin at a large tertiary care medical center. | to evaluate early clinical experience with anidulafungin. | 2008 | 18154476 |
| dna microarray based on arrayed-primer extension technique for identification of pathogenic fungi responsible for invasive and superficial mycoses. | an oligonucleotide microarray based on the arrayed-primer extension (apex) technique has been developed to simultaneously identify pathogenic fungi frequently isolated from invasive and superficial infections. species-specific oligonucleotide probes complementary to the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 (its1 and its2) region were designed for 24 species belonging to 10 genera, including candida species (candida albicans, candida dubliniensis, candida famata, candida glabrata, candida tropical ... | 2008 | 18160452 |
| antifungal effect of high- and low-molecular-weight chitosan hydrochloride, carboxymethyl chitosan, chitosan oligosaccharide and n-acetyl-d-glucosamine against candida albicans, candida krusei and candida glabrata. | generally, chitosan is a water-insoluble polyaminosaccharide with antimicrobial activity. the antifungal activity of water-soluble low- and high-molecular-weight chitosan hydrochloride, carboxymethyl chitosan, chitosan oligosaccharide and n-acetyl-d-glucosamine against candida albicans, candida krusei and candida glabrata was investigated. | 2008 | 18164151 |
| oral carriage of yeasts and coliforms in stroke sufferers: a prospective longitudinal study. | to investigate prospectively the qualitative and quantitative changes in oral carriage of yeasts and coliforms in southern chinese people suffering from stroke. | 2008 | 18173450 |
| kininogen adsorption to the cell surface of candida spp. | the invasion of human host by pathogenic microorganisms is often associated with increased kinin production which may occur due to the action of pathogen secretory proteinases or the activation of host's surface-dependent kinin generation cascade, initiated by the adsorption of high molecular weight kininogen (hk) on the pathogen cells. in this work we characterize for the first time the binding of hk by candida yeasts and analyze this adsorption in terms of intraspecific variation and a depende ... | 2008 | 18182233 |
| proteomic analysis of the ph response in the fungal pathogen candida glabrata. | micro-organisms must adapt to environmental change to survive, and this is particularly true for fungal pathogens such as candida glabrata. c. glabrata is found both in the environment and in diverse niches in its human host. the ambient ph of these niches varies considerably, and therefore we have examined the response of c. glabrata to changes in ambient ph using a proteomic approach. proteins expressed in c. glabrata cells growing at ph 4.0, 7.4 or 8.0 were compared by 2-de, and 174 spots dis ... | 2008 | 18186024 |
| synthesis and in vitro biological properties of novel cationic derivatives of amphotericin b. | novel cationic amphotericin b derivatives as highly potent antifungal agents are reported. these semi-synthetic derivatives of amphotericin b were elaborated through a series of modifications both on the nitrogen atom of the mycosamine and on the c-16 carboxylic acid moiety. the antifungal activity of the new conjugates was tested against saccharomyces cerevisiae and also against nine different strains of candida albicans and candida glabrata, including an amphotericin resistant strain. high pot ... | 2008 | 18196508 |
| candida nivariensis, an emerging pathogenic fungus with multidrug resistance to antifungal agents. | in 2005, candida nivariensis, a yeast species genetically related to candida glabrata, was described following its isolation from three patients in a single spanish hospital. between 2005 and 2006, 16 fungal isolates with phenotypic similarities to c. nivariensis were submitted to the united kingdom mycology reference laboratory for identification. the strains originated from various clinical specimens, including deep, usually sterile sites, from patients at 12 different hospitals in the united ... | 2008 | 18199788 |
| a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic mathematical model accurately describes the activity of voriconazole against candida spp. in vitro. | we developed a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) mathematical model that fits voriconazole time-kill data against candida isolates in vitro and used the model to simulate the expected kill curves for typical intravenous and oral dosing regimens. a series of emax mathematical models were used to fit time-kill data for two isolates each of candida albicans, candida glabrata and candida parapsilosis. pk parameters extracted from human data sets were used in the model to simulate kill curves f ... | 2008 | 18215509 |
| successful treatment of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis with immunosuppressive therapy. | encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is a rare, but potentially lethal, complication of peritoneal dialysis. treatment of patients with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is controversial. conservative treatment carries a poor outcome, and immunosuppressive drugs are now used frequently. most commonly, these immunosuppressive regimens include steroids with or without azathioprine or cyclosporine. mycophenolate mofetil is a reversible dna synthesis inhibitor that frequently replaces azathioprine in ... | 2008 | 18215692 |
| successful treatment of prosthetic knee candida glabrata infection with caspofungin combined with flucytosine. | | 2008 | 18242959 |
| respiratory deficiency enhances the sensitivity of the pathogenic fungus candida to photodynamic treatment. | mucosal infections caused by the pathogenic fungus candida are a significant infectious disease problem and are often difficult to eradicate because of the high frequency of resistance to conventional antifungal agents. photodynamic treatment (pdt) offers an attractive therapeutic alternative. previous studies demonstrated that filamentous forms and biofilms of candida albicans were sensitive to pdt using photofrin as a photosensitizer. however, early stationary phase yeast forms of c. albicans ... | 2008 | 18248505 |
| [psoas abscess of the adult: study of 38 cases]. | our aim is to report the clinical aspects, the etiologies, the treatment and the evolution of the psoas abscess in the adult. | 2007 | 18254281 |
| primary isolation of candida species from urine specimens using chromogenic medium. | chromagar candida (cac) is a chromogenic medium that can be used to detect candida species, including candida albicans, candida krusei, candida tropicalis, and perhaps candida glabrata. we evaluated the utility of cac to detect candiduria in high-risk patients and the potential usefulness of this information in directing initial antifungal therapy in those later identified with candidaemia. cac was compared in parallel to standard laboratory methods (sm) for the detection of candida from urine c ... | 2008 | 18254751 |
| efficacy of a new formulation of amphotericin b in a murine model of disseminated infection by candida glabrata. | amphotericin b poly-aggregates are a new formulation of amphotericin b, which can be obtained cheaply. in this study, we tested the efficacy of this new formulation for treating a disseminated infection by candida glabrata in a murine model. | 2008 | 18256113 |
| a prospective clinical trial of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the diagnosis of candidemia in nonneutropenic, critically ill adults. | invasive candida infection among nonneutropenic, critically ill adults is a clinical problem that has received increasing attention in recent years. poor performance of extant diagnostic modalities has promoted risk-based, preemptive prescribing in view of the poor outcomes associated with inadequate or delayed antifungal therapy; this risks unnecessary overtreatment. a rapid, reliable diagnostic test could have a substantial impact on therapeutic practice in this patient population. | 2008 | 18260751 |
| molecular identification of candida orthopsilosis isolated from blood culture. | the incidence of candidemia and invasive candidiasis have increased markedly due to the increasing number of immunocompromised patients. there are five major medically important species of candida with their frequency of isolation in the diminishing order namely candida albicans, candida parapsilosis, candida tropicalis, candida glabrata and candida krusei. in addition, there are numerous other species of candida which differ in their genetic makeup, virulence properties, drug susceptibilities a ... | 2008 | 18266075 |
| absence of amphotericin b-tolerant persister cells in biofilms of some candida species. | biofilms and planktonic cells of five candida species were surveyed for the presence of persister (drug-tolerant) cell populations after exposure to amphotericin b. none of the planktonic cultures (exponential or stationary phase) contained persister cells. however, persisters were found in biofilms of one of two strains of candida albicans tested and in biofilms of candida krusei and candida parapsilosis, but not in biofilms of candida glabrata or candida tropicalis. these results suggest that ... | 2008 | 18285487 |
| semi-national surveillance of fungaemia in denmark 2004-2006: increasing incidence of fungaemia and numbers of isolates with reduced azole susceptibility. | a semi-national laboratory-based surveillance programme for fungaemia was initiated in 2003 that now covers c. 3.5 million inhabitants (64%) of the danish population. in total, 1089 episodes of fungaemia were recorded during 2004-2006, corresponding to an annual incidence of 10.4/100 000 inhabitants. the annual number of episodes increased by 17% during the study period. candida spp. accounted for 98% of the fungal pathogens. although candida albicans remained predominant, the proportion of c. a ... | 2008 | 18294241 |
| efungumab and caspofungin: pre-clinical data supporting synergy. | heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) is targeted by the humoral response in invasive candidiasis. this paper tests for synergy between caspofungin and efungumab--a human antibody fragment against hsp90. | 2008 | 18299636 |
| susceptibilities to amphotericin b and fluconazole of candida species in taiwan surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of yeasts 2006. | susceptibilities to amphotericin b and fluconazole of 964 candida isolates collected in taiwan surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of yeasts in 2006 were determined. there were 419 (43.5%) candida albicans, 246 (25.5%) candida tropicalis, 211 (21.9%) candida glabrata, 62 (6.4%) candida parapsilosis, 14 (1.5%) candida krusei, and 12 (1.2%) others. interestingly, 16 of the 17 amphotericin b-resistant isolates were non-albicans candida species. the resistant rate to amphotericin b has decrease ... | 2008 | 18304773 |
| flavour formation in fungi: characterisation of klatf, the kluyveromyces lactis orthologue of the saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol acetyltransferases atf1 and atf2. | volatile aroma-active esters are responsible for the fruity character of fermented alcoholic beverages, such as beer and wine. in the brewers' yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, the major part of these esters is formed by two alcohol acetyltransferases, atf1 and atf2. in this paper, the existence of orthologues of these s. cerevisiae alcohol acetyltransferases in several ascomycetous fungi was investigated. bioinformatic analysis of sequenced fungal genomes revealed the presence of multiple ortholo ... | 2008 | 18309479 |
| the atp-binding cassette transporter-encoding gene cgsnq2 is contributing to the cgpdr1-dependent azole resistance of candida glabrata. | our previous investigation on candida glabrata azole-resistant isolates identified two isolates with unaltered expression of cgcdr1/cgcdr2, but with upregulation of another atp-binding cassette transporter, cgsnq2, which is a gene highly similar to scsnq2 from saccharomyces cerevisiae. one of the two isolates (bpy55) was used here to elucidate this phenomenon. disruption of cgsnq2 in bpy55 decreased azole resistance, whereas reintroduction of the gene in a cgsnq2 deletion mutant fully reversed t ... | 2008 | 18312269 |
| fournier's gangrene due to candida glabrata. | fournier's gangrene is a rare and serious event. usual pathogens are bacteria of the skin and the digestive tract. candida species are exceptionally involved, mostly candida albicans. we report a patient with non-c. albicans candida sp. fournier's gangrene who survived with an appropriate antifungal therapy. yeasts should be considered as emerging pathogens in pelvic infections due to the increase in long-term immunocompromised patients. | 2008 | 18324496 |
| bile aspiration for diagnosis of candida glabrata cholecystitis. | | 2008 | 18327680 |
| antifungal susceptibility testing of micafungin against candida glabrata isolates. | antifungal susceptibility of micafungin against isolates of c. glabrata was performed to evaluate the hypothesis that micafungin may be a suitable alternative in treating those patients whose infections are from c. glabrata and have developed resistance to fluconazole. | 2008 | 18329581 |
| the conserved pa14 domain of cell wall-associated fungal adhesins governs their glycan-binding specificity. | yeast cell wall-associated, lectin-like adhesins form large families that mediate flocculation and host cell recognition. the glycan specificity of individual adhesins is largely unknown. zupancic et al. (this issue of molecular microbiology) used glycan microarrays to compare the glycan-binding characteristics of individual adhesins (epa proteins) of the pathogenic yeast candida glabrata produced in the non-adherent yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. by sequence swapping between the conserved pa14 ... | 2008 | 18331471 |
| comparative evaluation of atb fungus 2 and sensititre yeastone panels for testing in vitro candida antifungal susceptibility. | atb fungus 2 and sensititreyeastone are commercial methods for antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts. the agreement between these two methods was assessed with a total of 133 candida strains (60 candida albicans, 18 candida dubliniensis, 29 candida glabrata, and 26 candida krusei). mic endpoints were established after 24 h of incubation at 36-/+1 degrees c by each method. intra-laboratory reproducibility of both methods was excellent (=or>99%). overall agreement between atb fungus 2 and se ... | 2008 | 18338919 |
| functional characterization of the cgpgs1 gene reveals a link between mitochondrial phospholipid homeostasis and drug resistance in candida glabrata. | cardiolipin and its precursor phosphatidylglycerol are two anionic phospholipids that are essential for the biogenesis of functional mitochondria. to assess their role in mitochondrial and cellular functions in the pathogenic yeast candida glabrata, a functional characterization of the cgpgs1 gene encoding the phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase has been carried out. transposon insertion mutation in cgpgs1 resulted in the loss of phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase activity and in deficien ... | 2008 | 18343926 |
| identification and differentiation of candida species from pediatric patients by random amplified polymorphic dna. | thirty-four candida isolates were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic dna using the primer opg-10:24 candida albicans; 4 candida tropicalis; 2 candida parapsilosis; 2 candida dubliniensis; 1 candida glabrata and 1 candida krusei. the upgma-pearson correlation coefficient was used to calculate the genetic distance between the different candida groupings. samples were classified as identical (correlation of 100%); highly related samples (90%); moderately related samples (80%) and unrelated sa ... | 2008 | 18368262 |
| [candidemia in a brazilian tertiary care hospital: incidence, frequency of different species, risk factors and antifungal susceptibility]. | results from a cross-sectional observational study on candidemia conducted at hospital de clínicas, federal university of paraná, are presented. from january 2001 to december 2004, one hundred candidemia cases were evaluated. the incidence was 1.27 episodes per 1,000 hospitalizations and candida was the eighth most frequently isolated agent from bloodstream infections. the patients ages ranged from five days to 89 years, with a mean of 32 years. sixty percent of the cases occurred in adults (66% ... | 2008 | 18368266 |
| the asexual yeast candida glabrata maintains distinct a and alpha haploid mating types. | the genome of the type strain of candida glabrata (cbs138, atcc 2001) contains homologs of most of the genes involved in mating in saccharomyces cerevisiae, starting with the mating pheromone and receptor genes. only haploid cells are ever isolated, but c. glabrata strains of both mating types are commonly found, the type strain being mat alpha and most other strains, such as bg2, being mata. no sexual cycle has been documented for this species. in order to understand which steps of the mating p ... | 2008 | 18375614 |
| high resistance to oxidative stress in the fungal pathogen candida glabrata is mediated by a single catalase, cta1p, and is controlled by the transcription factors yap1p, skn7p, msn2p, and msn4p. | we characterized the oxidative stress response of candida glabrata to better understand the virulence of this fungal pathogen. c. glabrata could withstand higher concentrations of h(2)o(2) than saccharomyces cerevisiae and even candida albicans. stationary-phase cells were extremely resistant to oxidative stress, and this resistance was dependent on the concerted roles of stress-related transcription factors yap1p, skn7p, and msn4p. we showed that growing cells of c. glabrata were able to adapt ... | 2008 | 18375620 |
| a new method to measure cellular toxicity of non-fibrillar and fibrillar alzheimer's abeta using yeast. | the 42 amino acid amyloid-beta (abeta) can exist in multiple physical states including oligomers and fibrils. this study shows that fibril formation is hastened by the biological buffers required to support the growth of mammalian cells, but is prevented if abeta is maintained in water. here we describe a method to produce abeta in oligomeric form and the comparison of stable fibrillar and non-fibrillar forms in cell toxicity studies in water, achieved through the use of yeast. we show that extr ... | 2008 | 18376056 |
| reduced candida glabrata susceptibility secondary to an fks1 mutation developed during candidemia treatment. | we describe a case of recurring candida glabrata infection in a 68-year-old african-american female on caspofungin therapy. the initial isolate was susceptible, but isolates recovered during following relapses were not. all isolates were clonal, and high-mic strains contained a mutation in the highly conserved hot spot 1 region of fks1p. | 2008 | 18378714 |
| drug resistance: the fight against fungi. | | 2008 | 18385723 |
| a nuclear receptor-like pathway regulating multidrug resistance in fungi. | multidrug resistance (mdr) is a serious complication during treatment of opportunistic fungal infections that frequently afflict immunocompromised individuals, such as transplant recipients and cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. improved knowledge of the molecular pathways controlling mdr in pathogenic fungi should facilitate the development of novel therapies to combat these intransigent infections. mdr is often caused by upregulation of drug efflux pumps by members of the funga ... | 2008 | 18385733 |
| chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from cones of pinus koraiensis. | the essential oil from the cones of pinus koraiensis was prepared after removing the seeds, and its chemical composition analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). hydrodistillation of the p. koraiensis cones yielded 1.07% (v/w) of essential oil, which was almost three times the amount of essential oil extracted from the needles of the same plant. moreover, the antimicrobial activities of the oil against the growth of gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi we ... | 2008 | 18388468 |
| fungal peritonitis in patients on peritoneal dialysis: twenty five years of experience in a teaching hospital in argentina. | fungal peritonitis is a rare but serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. the aim of this study was to analyze peritonitis rates, associated factors, clinical course, microbiological aspects, therapeutic regimens, and outcome of patients with fungal peritonitis in the dialysis center of a teaching hospital over the last 25 years. a hundred and eighty three episodes of peritonitis were detected and microbiologically documented in 57 patients. fungi were identified in eight episodes (4.37%) oc ... | 2007 | 18390154 |
| [rapid identification and susceptibility to killer toxins of yeasts isolated from non-systemic mycoses]. | rapid identification and susceptibility to killer toxins of yeasts isolated from non-systemic mycoses. the use of quick and reliable yeast identification methods, as well as the development of new antifungal agents with more specific targets, will enable a more efficient treatment of mycoses. in the present work, a total of 53 clinical isolates obtained from non-systemic infections in neuquén hospitals and an ophthalmologic clinic in buenos aires during 2005, were identified by means of a rapid ... | 2007 | 18390160 |
| posaconazole against candida glabrata isolates with various susceptibilities to fluconazole. | we investigated the in vitro activities of posaconazole (pos), fluconazole (flc), amphotericin b (amb), and caspofungin (cas) against four clinical isolates of candida glabrata with various susceptibilities to flc (flc mics ranging from 1.0 to >64 microg/ml). pos mics ranged from < or =0.03 to 0.5 microg/ml; amb mics ranged from 0.25 to 2.0 microg/ml, while cas mics ranged from 0.03 to 0.25 microg/ml. when flc mics increased, so did pos mics, although we did not observe any isolate with a pos mi ... | 2008 | 18391037 |
| glycan microarray analysis of candida glabrata adhesin ligand specificity. | the candida glabrata genome encodes at least 23 members of the epa (epithelial adhesin) family responsible for mediating adherence to host cells. to better understand the mechanism by which the epa proteins contribute to pathogenesis, we have used glycan microarray analysis to characterize their carbohydrate-binding specificities. using saccharomyces cerevisiae strains surface-expressing the n-terminal ligand-binding domain of the epa proteins, we found that the three epa family members function ... | 2008 | 18394144 |
| the effect of streptococcus mutans and candida glabrata on candida albicans biofilms formed on different surfaces. | although candida containing biofilms contribute to the development of oral candidosis, the characteristics of multi-species candida biofilms and how oral bacteria modulate these biofilms is poorly understood. the aim of this study was to investigate interactions between candida albicans and either candida glabrata or streptococcus mutans in biofilms grown on various surfaces, with or without saliva. hydroxyapatite (ha), polymethylmetacrylate (pmma) and soft denture liner (sl) discs were used as ... | 2008 | 18395698 |
| subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics induce phenazine production in a marine streptomyces sp. | subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics were found to enhance and modulate the production of new phenazines, streptophenazines a-h, in a marine streptomyces isolate. the streptophenazines differ in length and substitution of an alkyl chain. the pattern of metabolites formed depends on the antibiotic used. in the presence of tetracycline, streptophenazines f and g were induced and the production of streptophenazines a-d was increased. when using bacitracin, mainly streptophenazine h was produ ... | 2008 | 18396903 |
| cholesterol dependent and amphotericin b resistant isolates of a candida glabrata strain from an intensive care unit patient. | here we report on two isolates of candida glabrata recovered from urine samples collected from of an intensive care unit patient. d1/d2 and its 1+2 rdna sequence analysis confirmed its identification. the isolates were cholesterol dependent and resistant to amphotericin b. | 2008 | 18404554 |
| the changing epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: candida glabrata and candida krusei as the leading causes of candidemia in hematologic malignancy. | the objective of the current retrospective study was to compare the epidemiology of candidemia and its risk factors in patients who had hematologic malignancies(hm) with those in patients who had solid tumors (st). | 2008 | 18412153 |
| peritoneal dialysis in a patient with neurogenic bladder and chronic kidney disease with ventriculoperitoneal shunt. | long-term dialysis in children with multiple handicaps has become easier with the advent of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (pd). due to the widespread use of pd and the long survival of patients with spina bifida, an increasing number of patients with spina bifida are on pd. the viability and safety of pd in spina bifida patients with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (vps) have been a matter of concern. some authors consider the presence of a vps a relative contraindication for pd, but mo ... | 2008 | 18417960 |
| activities and ultrastructural effects of antifungal combinations against simulated candida endocardial vegetations. | in vitro pharmacodynamic model (pdm) simulation of serum antifungal concentrations may predict the value of combination antifungal regimens against candida sp. endocarditis. we investigated the effects of combinations of flucytosine (5fc), micafungin (mica), and voriconazole (vor) against candida-infected human platelet-fibrin clots, used as simulated endocardial vegetations (sevs). single clinical bloodstream isolates of candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida parapsilosis, and candida trop ... | 2008 | 18426896 |
| nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and nicotinamide riboside: a molecular evaluation of nad+ precursor vitamins in human nutrition. | although baseline requirements for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad+) synthesis can be met either with dietary tryptophan or with less than 20 mg of daily niacin, which consists of nicotinic acid and/or nicotinamide, there is growing evidence that substantially greater rates of nad+ synthesis may be beneficial to protect against neurological degeneration, candida glabrata infection, and possibly to enhance reverse cholesterol transport. the distinct and tissue-specific biosynthetic and/or ... | 2008 | 18429699 |
| new options for treatment of candidaemia in critically ill patients. | bloodstream infections caused by candida spp. are increasingly recognised in critically ill adult and paediatric individuals, with significant associated morbidity and mortality. candida albicans is the single most common fungal species to cause nosocomial infections. however, non-c. albicans spp., including candida glabrata and candida krusei, which are less susceptible to fluconazole, have become more common. until the 1980s, the therapeutic possibilities for invasive candidosis were limited t ... | 2008 | 18430129 |
| liposomal amphotericin b: what is its role in 2008? | although our antifungal armamentarium has been enlarged recently with new azoles (voriconazole and posaconazole) and echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin), the polyenes still have an important role in antifungal strategies because of their extended antifungal spectrum and rarity of mycological resistance. the use of conventional amphotericin b deoxycholate is limited by substantial toxicity that is either infusion-related or associated with renal failure. its lipid derivatives, ... | 2008 | 18430132 |
| in vitro activity of terpenes against candida biofilms. | the antibiofilm activity of 10 terpenes was tested in vitro against three candida species by 24-h treatment of biofilms aged 1-5 days. treatment of 24-h-old candida albicans biofilms with carvacrol, geraniol or thymol (0.06%) resulted in >80% inhibition. carvacrol (0.03%) inhibition was > or =75% independent of the age of the c. albicans biofilm. carvacrol (0.125%) inhibition was >75% against candida glabrata and candida parapsilosis biofilms. geraniol (> or =0.125%) and thymol (0.06% or 0.125%) ... | 2008 | 18440786 |
| potent in vitro antifungal activities of naturally occurring acetylenic acids. | our continuing effort in antifungal natural product discovery has led to the identification of five 6-acetylenic acids with chain lengths from c(16) to c(20): 6-hexadecynoic acid (compound 1), 6-heptadecynoic acid (compound 2), 6-octadecynoic acid (compound 3), 6-nonadecynoic acid (compound 4), and 6-icosynoic acid (compound 5) from the plant sommera sabiceoides. compounds 2 and 5 represent newly isolated fatty acids. the five acetylenic acids were evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activit ... | 2008 | 18458131 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of invasive isolates of candida species: rapid increase in rates of fluconazole susceptible-dose dependent candida glabrata isolates. | voriconazole, posaconazole, caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin demonstrated potent in vitro activities against 286 invasive candida isolates. analysis of the fluconazole susceptibilities of 204 bloodstream candida glabrata isolates revealed a rapid shift from susceptible (64% in 1999 to 2001 to 19% in 2007) to susceptible-dose dependent (27% in 1999 to 2001 and 75% in 2007). | 2008 | 18458136 |
| developments in the epidemiolgy of invasive fungal infections - implications for the empiric and targeted antifungal therapy. | invasive fungal infections are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized, immunocompromised patients. whereas in hematologic patients aspergilli represent the major problem along with candida spp., in surgery departments yeast infections are more prevalent. for the empiric as well as the targeted therapy of mould infections with high mortality rates, several antifungals can be given alone or in combination. so far, resistance among aspergilli is uncommon. in yeast infections ... | 2008 | 18471155 |
| [in vitro antifungal activity of anidulafungin]. | anidulafungin is a new and very useful pharmacological tool for the treatment of invasive mycoses. the antifungal spectrum of anidulafungin reaches the most common pathogenic fungi. anidulafungin is especially active against the genera candida and aspergillus. its antifungal mechanism is based on the inhibition of the beta-1,3-d-glucan synthesis, an essential molecule for the cell wall architecture, with different consequences for candida and aspergillus, being anidulafungin fungicide for the fo ... | 2008 | 18473502 |
| [anidulafungin: experimental therapy of fungal infections in animal models]. | we have reviewed the existing data on the efficacy of anidulafungin, which is the most recent echinocandin in the experimental treatment of fungal infections. the scarce published data practically only refers to disseminated and pulmonary aspergillosis and to disseminated candidiasis. anidulafungin shows fungistatic activity against aspergillus fumigatus, and fungicidal activity against candida albicans and candida glabrata. | 2008 | 18473506 |
| amphotericin b-metronidazole combination against candida spp. | oropharyngeal candidiasis (opc) remains a common opportunistic infection in hiv-infected patients. candida albicans is the most frequent causative agent of opc. however, non-albicans spp. are being increasingly isolated. candidal cell wall proteins and mannoproteins play important roles in the biology and patogenesis of candidiasis. in the present study, we have analyzed the proteinaceous components associated with cell wall extracts from c. albicans, candida tropicalis, candida pseudotropicalis ... | 1998 | 18473531 |
| [identification of yeasts of clinical interest on chromagar candida culture medium.]. | the efficiency of chromagar candida was evaluated as a medium for the presumptive identification of yeasts. we tested 36 different yeast species, pertaining to 9 genera: one blastoschizomyces, 20 candida, five cryptococcus, two geotrichum, one kloeckera, two pichia, three rhodotorula, one saccharomyces and one trichosporon, to determine the colony colors and characteristics on this medium. afterwards, we identified 2,230 strains isolated directly on chromagar candida from clinical samples by spe ... | 1998 | 18473532 |
| [in vitro antifungal resistance in candida albicans from hiv-infected patients with and without oral candidosis.]. | the main purpose of this study has been to determine the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of clinical isolates from hiv-infected or aids patients, depending on the presence of oral candidosis. the oral cavity of 307 hiv-infected or aids patients was examined and an oral swab was cultured on sabouraud glucose agar and studied by conventional mycological methods. in vitro antifungal susceptibility to amphotericin b, nystatin, fluconazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole was tested by disk diffusio ... | 1999 | 18473546 |
| multicenter survey of in vitro antifungal resistance in yeasts of medical importance isolated from spanish patients. | twelve spanish laboratories collected 325 yeast clinical isolates during a 30 day's period, among them 224 candida albicans, 30 candida glabrata, and 27 candida parapsilosis. in vitro antifungal susceptibility to amphotericin b, ketoconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole was determined by an agar diffusion test (neo-sensitabs, rosco, denmark). all the isolates tested were susceptible in vitroto amphotericin b and nearly all (97.2%) to itraconazole. in vitrosusceptibility to fluconazole and ketoc ... | 1999 | 18473577 |
| [description of 165 episodes of fungemia: a multicenter study.]. | the aim of this article is to describe the main features of fungemia belonged to the multicenter study sepsis data realised in 34 spanish hospitals. the hospitals were been given a protocol and a software specially designed for this study. 165 episodes of fungemia has been recovered (total: 5,000 episodes of bacteremia). the main results are showed as follows. sex: male 100 (60.6%); female 65 (39.4%). areas: medical 64 (38.8%); intensive care unit 48 (29.1%); surgical 39 (23.6%); paediatric 14 ( ... | 1999 | 18473589 |
| synthesis, characterization and in vitro antifungal effect of some butyltin(iv) n-substituted 2-aminoethanethiolates. | six new n-substituted di- and tributyltin 2-aminoethanethiolates (cysteaminates) have been prepared and characterised by (1)h, (13)c and (119)sn nmr spectroscopy. all these compounds exhibit a good in vitro antifungal effect against selected types of human pathogenic fungi (candida albicans, candida krusei, candida tropicalis, candida glabrata, trichosporon beigelii, aspergillus fumigatus, absidia corymbifera, trichophyton mentagrophytes) and their activity is comparable with that of some antifu ... | 2001 | 18475991 |
| incisional surgical infection in heart transplantation. | incisional surgical site infections (issis) are common bacterial infections in heart transplantation (ht). the purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, etiology, timing, and risk factors for issis. | 2008 | 18482203 |
| relationship between clinical diagnosis of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and detection of candida species by culture and polymerase chain reaction. | recurring vulvovaginal candidiasis (rvvc) is a common vaginal discharge affecting 75% of all women at least once in their life. in 5% of these women, infection is recurring. aim of the study was to determine the sensitivity of detecting candida species by culture and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in women with a clinical diagnosis of rvvc. | 2009 | 18506464 |
| an investigation on the anticandidal activity of some traditional medicinal plants in turkey. | methanol and chloroform extracts obtained from eight plant species belonging to six families, which were selected depending on their use in turkish folk medicine, including mentha longifolia l. (labiatae), mentha piperita l. hudson (labiatae), prongos ferulaceae (umbelliferae), galium verum l. (rubiaceae), salvia limbata c. a meyer (labiatae), artemisia austriaca jacq. (artemiceae), plantago lanceolata l. (plantaginaceae) and urtica dioica l. (urticaceae) were evaluated for their in vitro antica ... | 2009 | 18522697 |
| fungicidal activity of truncated analogues of dihydrosphingosine. | the minimal fungicidal concentration (mfc) of dihydrosphingosine (dhs), phytosphingosine (phs), and five short-chain dhs derivatives was determined for candida albicans and candida glabrata. in this respect, a c15- and a c17-homologue of dhs showed a 2- to 10-fold decreased mfc as compared to native dhs (i.e. c18-dhs). dhs derivatives that were active, that is, comprising 12, 15, 17, or 18 carbon atoms, induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros) in c. albicans. | 2008 | 18524581 |
| production of folates by yeasts in tanzanian fermented togwa. | we have investigated the impact of different yeasts and fermentation time on folate content and composition in a fermented maize-based porridge, called togwa, consumed in rural areas in tanzania. the yeasts studied, originally isolated from indigenous togwa, belong to issatchenkia orientalis, pichia anomala, saccharomyces cerevisiae, klyveromyces marxianus and candida glabrata. the main folate forms found, detected and quantified by hplc during the fermentations were 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate (5 ... | 2008 | 18547328 |
| candida glabrata environmental stress response involves saccharomyces cerevisiae msn2/4 orthologous transcription factors. | we determined the genome-wide environmental stress response (esr) expression profile of candida glabrata, a human pathogen related to saccharomyces cerevisiae. despite different habitats, c. glabrata, s. cerevisiae, schizosaccharomyces pombe and candida albicans have a qualitatively similar esr. we investigate the function of the c. glabrata syntenic orthologues to the esr transcription factor msn2. the c. glabrata orthologues cgmsn2 and cgmsn4 contain a motif previously referred to as hd1 (homo ... | 2008 | 18547390 |
| molecular epidemiology of candidemia: evidence of clusters of smoldering nosocomial infections. | invasive fungal infections pose a serious threat to hospitalized patients worldwide. in particular, the prevalence of clusters of nosocomial infection among patients with candidemia remains unknown. the aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of candidemia in a nationwide setting in iceland during a 16-year period. | 2008 | 18549311 |
| oral colonization of candida species in patients receiving radiotherapy in the head and neck area. | to investigate oral candida strain diversity in patients receiving radiation therapy for head and neck cancer compared to controls by conventional procedures, including cultivation of imprint samples on chromogenic medium and subsequent identification using analytical profile index testing. | 2008 | 18560641 |
| probabilistic cross-species inference of orthologous genomic regions created by whole-genome duplication in yeast. | identification of orthologous genes across species becomes challenging in the presence of a whole-genome duplication (wgd). we present a probabilistic method for identifying orthologs that considers all possible orthology/paralogy assignments for a set of genomes with a shared wgd (here five yeast species). this approach allows us to estimate how confident we can be in the orthology assignments in each genomic region. two inferences produced by this model are indicative of purifying selection ac ... | 2008 | 18562662 |
| [the fungicidal activity and paradoxical effect of caspofungin against yeast. influence of culture medium and incubation time]. | the effect of culture medium and incubation time on the fungicidal activity of caspofungin and on the frequency of paradoxical effect has been studied in 144 blood culture isolates (42, candida tropicalis, 32 candida glabrata, 21 candida krusei, 20 candida parapsilosis, 11 candida guilliermondii, 4 candida famata, 3 candida lusitaniae, 3 blastoschizomyces capitatus, 2 saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2 yarrowia lipolytica, 1 candida inconspicua, 1 candida lambica, 1 candida sake y 1 pichia ohmeri). the ... | 2007 | 18563217 |
| a novel polyherbal microbicide with inhibitory effect on bacterial, fungal and viral genital pathogens. | a polyherbal cream (basant) has been formulated using diferuloylmethane (curcumin), purified extracts of emblica officinalis (amla), purified saponins from sapindus mukorossi, aloe vera and rose water along with pharmacopoeially approved excipients and preservatives. basant inhibits the growth of who strains and clinical isolates of neisseria gonorrhoeae, including those resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. it has pronounced inhibitory action against candida g ... | 2008 | 18571386 |
| fatal aspergillus fumigatus and candida glabrata infections with posaconazole prophylaxis after stem cell transplantation. | | 2008 | 18572390 |
| reduced biocide susceptibility in candida albicans biofilms. | candida biofilm formation is common during infection and environmental growth. we tested the impacts of three biocides (ethanol [etoh], h(2)o(2), and sodium dodecyl sulfate) on candida albicans, c. parapsilosis, and c. glabrata biofilms. higher concentrations of the biocides were required for efficacy against biofilms than for efficacy against planktonic controls. a combination study with two biocides (etoh and h(2)o(2)) and fluconazole demonstrated that the combination had enhanced efficacy. | 2008 | 18573927 |
| guided genome halving: hardness, heuristics and the history of the hemiascomycetes. | some present day species have incurred a whole genome doubling event in their evolutionary history, and this is reflected today in patterns of duplicated segments scattered throughout their chromosomes. these duplications may be used as data to 'halve' the genome, i.e. to reconstruct the ancestral genome at the moment of doubling, but the solution is often highly nonunique. to resolve this problem, we take account of outgroups, external reference genomes, to guide and narrow down the search. | 2008 | 18586750 |
| antifungal resistance of candida glabrata vaginal isolates and development of a quantitative reverse transcription-pcr-based azole susceptibility assay. | a multiplex quantitative reverse transcription-pcr assay was developed to detect azole resistance in candida glabrata, an important opportunistic pathogen that develops resistance rapidly. resistance was defined as a >or=3-fold increase in cdr1 expression by this assay, which proved to be 100% sensitive and 95% specific in comparison to the gold standard broth microdilution assay. | 2008 | 18591262 |
| association of fluconazole pharmacodynamics with mortality in patients with candidemia. | recent studies of nonneutropenic patients with candidemia or candidiasis suggest that fluconazole pharmacodynamic parameters correlate with clinical outcomes; however, additional data of correlation to mortality in patients with candidemia would be valuable. we assessed the impact of mics for candida, fluconazole pharmacodynamics, and patient characteristics on all-cause mortality with use of a prospective cohort of 96 hospitalized patients with candidemia. among 84 patients for whom candida iso ... | 2008 | 18591269 |
| a strategy to prevent the occurrence of lactobacillus strains using lactate-tolerant yeast candida glabrata in bioethanol production. | contamination of lactobacillus sp. in the fermentation broth of bioethanol production decreases ethanol production efficiency. although the addition of lactate to the broth can effectively inhibit the growth of lactobacillus sp., it also greatly reduces the fermentation ability of saccharomyces cerevisiae. to overcome this conflict, lactate-tolerant yeast strains were screened. candida glabrata strain nfri 3164 was found to exhibit both higher levels of lactate tolerance and fermentation ability ... | 2008 | 18597130 |
| in vitro evaluation of putative virulence attributes of oral isolates of candida spp. obtained from elderly healthy individuals. | identification of candida isolates obtained from oral cavity of elderly healthy individuals revealed the predominance of non-albicans candida species (88.9%) compared to candida albicans (11%). chromagar candida differential medium and pcr revealed the presence of candida tropicalis (33.3%), candida glabrata (27.8%), and candida krusei (16.7%). we investigated the presence of virulence attributes in a total of 18 isolates, including acid protease and phospholipase production, hemolytic activity, ... | 2008 | 18597183 |
| routine use of fluconazole prophylaxis in a neonatal intensive care unit does not select natively fluconazole-resistant candida subspecies. | we have previously demonstrated efficacy against fungal colonization and infection of fluconazole prophylaxis that was routinely administered since 2001 in our icu for preterm infants <1500 g at birth (vlbw). with prolonged use, concerns exist for the emergence of acquired fungal resistance and of candida subspecies that are natively fluconazole-resistant (nfr), mostly candida glabrata and candida krusei. | 2008 | 18600191 |
| synthesis and anticandidal activity of some imidazopyridine derivatives. | new hydrazide derivatives of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine have been synthesized and evaluated for anticandidal activity. the reaction of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid hydrazides with various benzaldehydes gave n-(benzylidene)imidazo[ 1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide derivatives. their anticandidal activities against candida albicans and candida glabrata (isolates obtained from osmangazi university, faculty of medicine, eskisehir, turkey), candida albicans (atcc 90028), candida uti ... | 2008 | 18608774 |
| in vitro antifungal and antibacterial activities of extracts of galium tricornutum subsp. longipedunculatum. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of crude ethanolic extracts and fractions of the ariel parts and the fruits of galium tricornutum subsp. longipedunculatum, traditionally used in northern areas of pakistan for treating microbial infections of skin. extracts and their fractions were tested against six bacteria and six fungal strains using the hole diffusion method and macrodilution method. all extracts and fractions possessed significant antimicrobial effect. four ... | 2009 | 18608788 |
| management of candiduria. | candiduria, due to candida albicans, candida glabrata and other organisms, has increased in frequency due the use of broad-spectrum antibacterials, immunosuppressive agents and other factors. the optimal management of candiduria is unknown due to an unclear definition of fungal urinary tract infection and the lack of well-designed clinical trials. removal of urinary catheters, ruling out obstruction/stones and documenting presence of post-void residuals are useful in the management of candiduria ... | 1994 | 18611602 |
| high incidence of antifungal drug resistance in candida tropicalis. | drug resistance among yeasts is an increasing problem. isolates of candida krusei and candida glabrata are recognized as having reduced susceptibility to fluconazole and resistance to this drug has also arisen in candida albicans isolated from aids patients on long term azole therapy. candida tropicalis (ct) is being increasingly isolated from human disease and is associated with invasive infection, however, data regarding this organism's drug susceptibility is limited. we report our findings on ... | 1996 | 18611762 |
| processing of predicted substrates of fungal kex2 proteinases from candida albicans, c. glabrata, saccharomyces cerevisiae and pichia pastoris. | kexin-like proteinases are a subfamily of the subtilisin-like serine proteinases with multiple regulatory functions in eukaryotes. in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae the kex2 protein is biochemically well investigated, however, with the exception of a few well known proteins such as the alpha-pheromone precursors, killer toxin precursors and aspartic proteinase propeptides, very few substrates are known. fungal kex2 deletion mutants display pleiotropic phenotypes that are thought to result fr ... | 2008 | 18625069 |
| in vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against candida albicans and c. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model. | previous studies using in vivo candidiasis models have demonstrated that the concentration-associated pharmacodynamic indices, the maximum concentration of a drug in serum/mic and 24-h area under the curve (auc)/mic, are associated with echinocandin treatment efficacy. the current investigations used a neutropenic murine model of disseminated candida albicans and c. glabrata infection to identify the 24-h auc/mic index target associated with a stasis and killing endpoint for the echinocandin, mi ... | 2008 | 18625768 |
| structure and properties of transcriptional networks driving selenite stress response in yeasts. | stress responses provide valuable models for deciphering the transcriptional networks controlling the adaptation of the cell to its environment. we analyzed the transcriptome response of yeast to toxic concentrations of selenite. we used gene network mapping tools to identify functional pathways and transcription factors involved in this response. we then used chromatin immunoprecipitation and knock-out experiments to investigate the role of some of these regulators and the regulatory connection ... | 2008 | 18627600 |
| trends in species distribution and susceptibility of bloodstream isolates of candida collected in monterrey, mexico, to seven antifungal agents: results of a 3-year (2004 to 2007) surveillance study. | during a 3-year surveillance program (2004 to 2007) in monterrey, mexico, 398 isolates of candida spp. were collected from five hospitals. we established the species distribution and in vitro susceptibilities of these isolates. the species included 127 candida albicans strains, 151 c. parapsilosis strains, 59 c. tropicalis strains, 32 c. glabrata strains, 11 c. krusei strains, 5 c. guilliermondii strains, 4 c. famata strains, 2 c. utilis strains, 2 c. zeylanoides strains, 2 c. rugosa strains, 2 ... | 2008 | 18632907 |
| multiplex tandem pcr: a novel platform for rapid detection and identification of fungal pathogens from blood culture specimens. | we describe the first development and evaluation of a rapid multiplex tandem pcr (mt-pcr) assay for the detection and identification of fungi directly from blood culture specimens that have been flagged as positive. the assay uses a short-cycle multiplex amplification, followed by 12 simultaneous pcrs which target the fungal internal transcribed spacer 1 (its1) and its2 region, elongation factor 1-alpha (ef1-alpha), and beta-tubulin genes to identify 11 fungal pathogens: candida albicans, candid ... | 2008 | 18632914 |
| candida albicans abrogates the expression of interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 in human keratinocytes. | candida albicans is the predominant causative agent of human cutaneous candidiasis. epidermal keratinocytes play an important role in the cutaneous immune response through the production of cytokines and chemokines, including ifn-gamma-inducible protein 10 (ip-10). here, we investigated the influence of c. albicans infection on ip-10 production by normal human epidermal keratinocytes (nhek) in vitro. our results showed that ifn-gamma-stimulated nhek showed enhanced ip-10 mrna and protein express ... | 2008 | 18647352 |
| expression of cgcdr1, cgcdr2, and cgerg11 in candida glabrata biofilms formed by bloodstream isolates. | many studies have shown that candida biofilms are highly resistant to fluconazole. the mechanisms of acquired fluconazole resistance of candida glabrata in non-biofilms have been elucidated, but the relevance of them relative to c. glabrata in biofilms are unknown. we examined by real-time pcr the expression of cgcdr1, cgcdr2, and cgerg11 of four bloodstream isolates of c. glabrata during the early (6 h), intermediate (15 h), and mature (48 h) phases of biofilm development. we found high levels ... | 2009 | 18651314 |
| evaluation of aminocandin and caspofungin against candida glabrata including isolates with reduced caspofungin susceptibility. | aminocandin is an investigational echinocandin with excellent activity against candida species, including candida albicans and candida tropicalis. however, few data are available for this agent versus candida glabrata. we compared the in vitro potency and in vivo efficacy of aminocandin and caspofungin against clinical isolates of c. glabrata including those with reduced caspofungin susceptibility (mic > 2 mg/l). | 2008 | 18658194 |
| treatment of central venous catheter fungal infection using liposomal amphotericin-b lock therapy. | the current standard of care for a fungal central venous catheter infection in a pediatric patient usually requires removal without any other feasible options. although removal may reduce the rate of candida-associated complications, literature reviews question whether the outcomes of removal substantiate this being the standard of care. we report 6 cases of central venous catheter fungal infections treated with liposomal amphotericin-b lock therapy. these cases consisted of 4 patients, 2 of who ... | 2008 | 18664989 |
| polyethylene glycol influences microbial interactions with intestinal epithelium. | there is emerging evidence that polyethylene glycol (peg), widely used as a bowel preparation before surgery, may protect the intestinal epithelium from microbial invasion. experiments were designed to study the effects of both low-molecular-weight (lmw; 3.35 kd) and high-molecular-weight (hmw; 15-20 kd) peg on interactions of escherichia coli, candida albicans, and candida glabrata with intestinal epithelium (these three intestinal microbes are frequently involved in systemic infection in shock ... | 2009 | 18665048 |
| denture contamination by yeasts in the elderly. | the aim of this study was to investigate yeast carriage in healthy denture wearers by swabbing and to evaluate the effect of denture hygiene habits. | 2008 | 18665849 |
| studies on hydrazone derivatives as antifungal agents. | the increasing clinical importance of drug-resistant fungal pathogens has urged additional need to fungal research and new antifungal compound development. for this purpose, some n-(1-benzyl-2-phenylethylidene)-n'-[4-(aryl)thiazol-2-yl]hydrazone (1a-e) and n-(1-phenylbutylidene)-n'-[4-(aryl)thiazol-2-yl]hydrazone (2a-e) derivatives were synthesised and evaluated for antifungal activity. their antifungal activities against standard and clinical strands of candida albicans, candida glabrata, candi ... | 2008 | 18665994 |