| deferasirox plus ciprofloxacin combination therapy after rapid diagnosis of vibrio vulnificus sepsis using real-time polymerase chain reaction. | we report a case of vibrio vulnificus sepsis developed during deferoxamine therapy for transfusional iron overload due to secondary hemochromatosis of myelodysplastic syndrome. the patient was treated with adjuvant deferasirox in combination with ciprofloxacin, after rapid diagnosis of v. vulnificus sepsis using real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). this case suggests that since v. vulnificus dna can be detected by real-time pcr for several days even after patients receive antibiotics, real ... | 2008 | 18930321 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of the hsdr subunit of a putative type i restriction enzyme from vibrio vulnificus yj016. | type i restriction enzymes are multimeric proteins that consist of three subunits. the hsds and hsdm subunits form a complex protein that shows methyltransferase activity, while the hsdr subunit functions as an endonuclease as well as as a translocase. of these three subunits, no structural information on the hsdr subunit is yet available. the putative hsdr gene from vibrio vulnificus yj016 (hsdr_vv) was cloned and expressed and the expressed protein hsdr_vv was purified. hsdr_vv was crystallize ... | 2008 | 18931437 |
| [rapid detection of vibrio vulnificus using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method]. | vibrio vulnificus is found in marine waters near the coast around the world. infection with this gram-negative rod, via ingestion of raw seafood or via a skin wound following contact with contaminated estuarine or marine water, can cause necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis. most of patients with vibrio vulnificus infection have underlying liver dysfunction or diabetes mellitus. due to the high mortality and short latent periods, control of this infection depends on early identification of the bacte ... | 2008 | 18975582 |
| complete sequence of plasmid pmp1 from the marine environmental vibrio vulnificus and location of its replication origin. | a novel cryptic plasmid, pmp1, from an environmental vibrio vulnificus mp-4 isolated from mai po nature reserve in hong kong, has been characterized. the 7.6-kb plasmid had guanine-cytosine content of 40.03% and encoded four open reading frames (orfs) with >100 amino acids. the predicted protein of orf1 contained 478 amino acids showing 29% identity and 50% similarity over 309 amino acids to the integrase of vibrio cholerae phage vp2. orf2 encoded a putative protein of 596 amino acids, which wer ... | 2009 | 19009320 |
| vibrio vulnificus: an unusual mode of acquisition and novel use of rapid susceptibility testing. | infection with vibrio vulnificus is uncommon in europe but is associated with necrotising wound infections and life-threatening septicaemia. this case is one of infection most likely to have been acquired from a thermal pool in turkey without preceding exposure to seawater or shellfish. the report also describes how early management was optimised using gradient diffusion antibiotic strips to provide rapid susceptibility data. | 2009 | 19028760 |
| expression of the cpda gene, encoding a 3',5'-cyclic amp (camp) phosphodiesterase, is positively regulated by the camp-camp receptor protein complex. | the intracellular level of cyclic 3',5'-amp (camp), a signaling molecule that mediates a variety of cellular processes, is finely modulated by the regulation of its synthesis, excretion, and degradation. in this study, camp phosphodiesterase (cpda), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of camp to amp, was characterized in a pathogenic bacterium, vibrio vulnificus. the cpda gene exists in an operon composed of mutt, yqib, cpda, and yqia, the transcription of which was initiated at position -22 ... | 2009 | 19028903 |
| clinical characteristics and molecular subtyping of vibrio vulnificus illnesses, israel. | | 2008 | 19046510 |
| activation of the vibrio vulnificus cadba operon by leucine-responsive regulatory protein is mediated by cadc. | the present study revealed that lrp, a leucine-responsive regulatory protein, is involved in the regulation of cadba transcription through activation of pcadba. the influence of lrp on pcadba was mediated by cadc, and thereby, cadc was able to compensate for the lack of lrp in the activation of pcadba. western blot analyses and emsa demonstrated that the cellular level of cadc was not significantly affected by lrp, and that lrp exerted its effect by directly binding to pcadba. these combined res ... | 2008 | 19047817 |
| application of the rpos gene for species-specific detection of vibrio vulnificus by real-time pcr. | vibrio vulnificus is a causative agent of serious diseases in humans, resulting from the contact of wound with seawater or consumption of raw seafood. several studies aimed at detecting v. vulnificus have targeted vvh as a representative virulence toxin gene belonging to the bacterium. in this study, we targeted the rpos gene, a general stress regulator, to detect v. vulnificus. pcr specificity was identified by amplification of 8 v. vulnificus templates and by the loss of a pcr product with 36 ... | 2008 | 19047830 |
| protective effect of polygoni cuspidati radix and emodin on vibrio vulnificus cytotoxicity and infection. | vibrio vulnificus, a good model organism of bacterial septicemia, causes fatal septicemia manifesting a fulminating course and a high mortality rate within days. in order to identify new natural substances preventing v. vulnificus infection, a plant library was screened for inhibiting cytotoxicity to host cells by using trypan blue staining and ldh assay. we found that polygoni cuspidati radix potently suppressed the acute death of hela and raw264.7 cells in a dose dependent manner. further stud ... | 2008 | 19107405 |
| enhancement of immunity and disease resistance in the white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei, by the probiotic, bacillus subtilis e20. | effects of bacillus subtilis e20 isolated from fermented soybean on immune parameters and the disease resistance of the white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) after 98 days of b. subtilis e20 feeding were evaluated in this study. shrimp fed b. subtilis e20-containing diets at concentrations of 10(6) (e206), 10(7) (e207), and 10(8) (e208)cfu kg(-1), respectively, had significantly increased survival rates of 13.3%, 16.7%, and 20%, compared to the control (fed no probiotic) after being challenged wit ... | 2009 | 19111620 |
| nanobody-aided structure determination of the epsi:epsj pseudopilin heterodimer from vibrio vulnificus. | pseudopilins form the central pseudopilus of the sophisticated bacterial type 2 secretion systems. the crystallization of the epsi:epsj pseudopilin heterodimer from vibrio vulnificus was greatly accelerated by the use of nanobodies, which are the smallest antigen-binding fragments derived from heavy-chain only camelid antibodies. seven anti-epsi:epsj nanobodies were generated and co-crystallization of epsi:epsj nanobody complexes yielded several crystal forms very rapidly. in the structure solve ... | 2009 | 19118632 |
| structure of a polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of vibrio vulnificus cect4602 containing 2-acetamido-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-[(s)- and (r)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-l-mannose. | a polysaccharide was isolated by gpc after mild acid treatment of the lipopolysaccharide of vibrio vulnificus cect4602 and found to contain l-rha, d-glcpnac and 2-acetamido-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-(3-hydroxybutanoylamino)-l-mannose (l-rhanac3nhb). glc analysis of the trifluoroacetylated (s)-2-octyl esters derived by full acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharide showed that approximately 80% of the 3-hydroxybutanoic acid has the s configuration and approximately 20% the r configuration. the following struc ... | 2009 | 19128797 |
| regulation of the vibrio vulnificus hupa gene by temperature alteration and cyclic amp receptor protein and evaluation of its role in virulence. | availability of free iron is extremely limited in the mammalian host, and the acquisition of iron in the host is essential for successful infection by pathogenic bacteria. expression of many genes involved in acquiring iron is regulated in response to the level of iron availability, and iron regulation is mediated by fur. in this study, cellular levels of vibrio vulnificus hupa, a heme receptor protein, and the hupa transcript were found to increase in cells grown at 40 degrees c compared to cel ... | 2009 | 19139193 |
| evaluation of genotypic and phenotypic methods to distinguish clinical from environmental vibrio vulnificus strains. | vibrio vulnificus is a heterogeneous bacterial species that comprises virulent and avirulent strains from environmental and clinical sources that have been grouped into three biotypes. to validate the typing methods proposed to distinguish clinical from environmental isolates, we performed phenotypic (api 20e, api 20ne, and biolog tests) and genetic (ribotyping and dna polymorphism at several loci) studies with a large strain collection representing different biotypes, origins, and host ranges. ... | 2009 | 19139234 |
| vibrio vulnificus cytolysin induces apoptosis in huvec, sgc-7901 and smmc-7721 cells via caspase-9/3-dependent pathway. | vibrio vulnificus cytolysin (vvc) is known to be a pore-forming toxin which shows cytotoxicity for mammalian cells in culture and induces apoptosis in endothelial cells. in order to determine whether vvc induces apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells and tumor cells, the cytotoxicity induced by recombinant vvc (rvvc) and its potential mechanism in huvec, sgc-7901 and smmc-7721 cells were investigated. our study demonstrated that rvvc induced the release of intracellular k(+) from all the target ... | 2009 | 19167479 |
| vibrio vulnificus-induced cell death of human mononuclear cells requires ros-dependent activation of p38 and erk 1/2 mapks. | vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium that multiplies rapidly in host tissue and causes extensive tissue damage. human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were shown to be readily killed by exposure to live v. vulnificus. v. vulnificus induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ros) and nitric oxide (no) in pbmc. pretreatment of pbmc with diphenyleneiodonium chloride (dpi) abolished ros generation upon exposure to v. vulnificus and decreased the bacterial ability ... | 2009 | 19172484 |
| [changes of toll-like receptor, tnf-alpha and il-10 in liver tissue of rats before and after intragastric infusion with alcohol with vibrio vulnificus sepsis]. | to detect the effects of antimicrobial agents on the toll-like receptor (tlr) and so on in liver tissue of rats after intragastric infusion with alcohol with vibrio vulnificus (vv) sepsis. | 2008 | 19175176 |
| structure of the lipopolysaccharide core of vibrio vulnificus type strain 27562. | the structure of the lipopolysaccharide core of vibrio vulnificus type strain 27562 is presented. lps hydrolysis gave two oligosaccharides, os-1 and os-2, as well as lipid a. nmr spectroscopic data corresponded to the presence of one kdo residue, one beta-glucopyranose, three heptoses, one glyceric acid, one acetate, three petn, and one 5,7-diacylamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxynonulosonic acid residue (pseudaminic acid, pse) in os1. os2 differed form os 1 by the absence of glyceric acid, acetate, and p ... | 2009 | 19185290 |
| proteomic analysis of vibrio vulnificus m2799 grown under iron-repleted and iron-depleted conditions. | vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic marine bacterium that causes a serious, often fatal, infection in human. an important factor that determines the survival of v. vulnificus in the human body is the ability to acquire iron. the differential expression of proteins in whole-cell lysates of v. vulnificus m2799, a clinical isolate, was evaluated under iron-repleted and iron-depleted conditions during the early, mid and late logarithmic growth phases. a total of 32, 53 and 42 iron-regulated spots ... | 2009 | 19185608 |
| effects of escherichia coli rraa orthologs of vibrio vulnificus on the ribonucleolytic activity of rnase e in vivo. | rraa is a recently discovered protein inhibitor of rnase e that catalyzes the initial step in the decay and processing of numerous rnas in escherichia coli. in the genome of vibrio vulnificus, two open reading frames that potentially encode proteins homologous to e. coli, rraa-designated rraav1 and rraav2, have respectively 80.1% and 59.0% amino acid identity to rraa. the authors report that coexpression of rraav1 protein in e. coli cells overproducing rnase e rescued these cells from growth arr ... | 2009 | 19194749 |
| [taxonomic characteristics and physiological properties of microorganisms from the gut of pike (esox lucius)]. | the taxonomic composition and distribution of microorganisms differing in the degree of association with the intestinal mucosa of the pike (lucius lucius) has been studied. microorgansism of the families enterobacteriaceae, aeromonadaceae, and vibrionaceae dominate in the gut microflora. numerically prevailing bacterial species are characterized by high proteolytic and amylolytic enzyme activities as well as by high persistence accounted for by antilysozyme and antihistone activities. the result ... | 2008 | 19198074 |
| detection and enumeration of vibrio vulnificus by direct colony immunoblot. | a direct colony immunoblot method (dci) for the enumeration of vibrio vulnificus was developed. bacterial colonies were transferred from agar plates to membranes, which were then dried and blocked with bovine serum albumin. subsequently, the membranes were treated with anti-v. vulnificus h antibodies, washed and incubated with peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit igg. after a final wash, the membranes were exposed to a substrate mixture containing h(2)o(2) which resulted in the development of ... | 2009 | 19200106 |
| in vivo gene expression of cold shock and other stress-related genes in vibrio vulnificus during shellstock temperature control conditions in oysters. | to determine vibrio vulnificus response to shellstock refrigeration conditions while the bacterium was embedded in oysters (in vivo). | 2009 | 19200328 |
| plasmid diversity in vibrio vulnificus biotypes. | vibrio vulnificus is a heterogeneous bacterial species that can be virulent for humans and fish. virulence in fish seems to rely on a recently described plasmid that can be transmitted between strains, aided by a conjugative plasmid. the main objective of this work was to analyse the plasmid content of a wide collection of strains from the three biotypes of the species, as well as to identify putative conjugative and virulence plasmids by means of southern hybridization with specific probes and ... | 2009 | 19202097 |
| effects of flash freezing, followed by frozen storage, on reducing vibrio parahaemolyticus in pacific raw oysters (crassostrea gigas). | this study investigated the effects of flash freezing, followed by frozen storage, on reducing vibrio parahaemolyticus in pacific raw oysters. raw pacific oysters were inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of v. parahaemolyticus at a total level of approximately 3.5 x 10(5) most probable number (mpn) per gram. inoculated oysters were subjected to an ultralow flash-freezing process (-95.5 degrees c for 12 min) and stored at -10, -20, and -30 degrees c for 6 months. populations of v. parahaemolyt ... | 2009 | 19205481 |
| crystal structures of substrate and inhibitor complexes of ribose 5-phosphate isomerase a from vibrio vulnificus yj016. | ribose-5-phosphate isomerase a (rpia) plays an important role in interconverting between ribose-5-phosphate (r5p) and ribulose-5-phosphate in the pentose phosphate pathway and the calvin cycle. we have determined the crystal structures of the open form rpia from vibrio vulnificus yj106 (vvrpia) in complex with the r5p and the closed form with arabinose-5-phosphate (a5p) in parallel with the apo vvrpia at 2.0 a resolution. vvrpia is highly similar to eschericihia colirpia, and the vvrpia-r5p comp ... | 2009 | 19214439 |
| reduction of vibrio vulnificus in pure culture, half shell and whole shell oysters (crassostrea virginica) by x-ray. | the purpose of this investigation was to study the inactivation effect of x-ray treatments on inoculated vibrio vulnificus in pure culture, half shell and whole shell oysters to achieve a 5.0 log reduction, which is recommended by the interstate shellfish sanitation conference and the food and drug administration. a mixed culture of three v. vulnificus strains was used to prepare the pure culture and inoculated oysters. the pure culture and inoculated oysters were treated with 0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 0.7 ... | 2009 | 19217681 |
| spontaneous quinolone resistance in the zoonotic serovar of vibrio vulnificus. | this work demonstrates that vibrio vulnificus biotype 2, serovar e, an eel pathogen able to infect humans, can become resistant to quinolone by specific mutations in gyra (substitution of isoleucine for serine at position 83) and to some fluoroquinolones by additional mutations in parc (substitution of lysine for serine at position 85). thus, to avoid the selection of resistant strains that are potentially pathogenic for humans, antibiotics other than quinolones must be used to treat vibriosis o ... | 2009 | 19218407 |
| vibrio biofilms: so much the same yet so different. | vibrios are natural inhabitants of aquatic environments and form symbiotic or pathogenic relationships with eukaryotic hosts. recent studies reveal that the ability of vibrios to form biofilms (i.e. matrix-enclosed, surface-associated communities) depends upon specific structural genes (flagella, pili and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis) and regulatory processes (two-component regulators, quorum sensing and c-di-gmp signaling). here, we compare and contrast mechanisms and regulation of biofilm fo ... | 2009 | 19231189 |
| vibrio vulnificus: disease and pathogenesis. | | 2009 | 19255188 |
| studies on diseased freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii infected with vibrio vulnificus. | the present study was aimed at isolation and characterization of the pathogenic bacterium from diseased freshwater prawn. the effect of the bacterial pathogen on hepatopancreas, gills and exoskeleton was also investigated. diseased freshwater prawn, macrobrachium rosenbergii were collected from commercial hatchery in behera governorate, egypt. the diseased prawn showed dark brown focal lesions and necrosis of appendage tips. the causative bacterial pathogen was isolated from haemolymph and hepat ... | 2008 | 19266922 |
| necrotizing soft-tissue infections and primary sepsis caused by vibrio vulnificus and vibrio cholerae non-o1. | vibrio species are a rare cause of necrotizing soft-tissue infections and primary septicemia, which are likely to occur in patients with hepatic disease, diabetes, adrenal insufficiency, and immunocompromised conditions. these organisms thrive in warm seawater and are often present in raw oysters, shellfish, and other seafood. this study examined fulminating clinical characteristics of vibrio vulnificus and vibrio cholerae non-o1 soft-tissue infections and identified outcome predictors. | 2009 | 19276771 |
| characterization of a new plasmid-like prophage in a pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 strain. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common food-borne pathogen that is normally associated with seafood. in 1996, a pandemic o3:k6 strain abruptly appeared and caused the first pandemic of this pathogen to spread throughout many asian countries, america, europe, and africa. the role of temperate bacteriophages in the evolution of this pathogen is of great interest. in this work, a new temperate phage, vp882, from a pandemic o3:k6 strain of v. parahaemolyticus was purified and characterized after mitomy ... | 2009 | 19286788 |
| hlyu acts as an h-ns antirepressor in the regulation of the rtx toxin gene essential for the virulence of the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus cmcp6. | in vibrio vulnificus, hlyu upregulates the expression of the large rtx toxin gene. in this work we identified the binding site of hlyu to -417 to -376 bp of the rtxa1 operon transcription start site. lacz fusions for a series of progressive deletions from the rtxa1 operon promoter showed that transcriptional activity increased independently of hlyu when its binding site was absent. thus hlyu must regulate the rtxa1 operon expression by antagonizing a negative regulator. concomitantly we found th ... | 2009 | 19320834 |
| temperature effects on the depuration of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus from the american oyster (crassostrea virginica). | this study investigated temperature effects on depuration for reducing vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in american oyster (crassostrea virginica). raw oysters were inoculated with 5-strain cocktail of v. parahaemolyticus or v. vulnificus to levels of 10(4) to 10(5) mpn (most probable number)/g and depurated in artificial seawater (asw) at 22, 15, 10, and 5 degrees c. depuration of oysters at 22 degrees c had limited effects on reducing v. parahaemolyticus or v. vulnificus in the oy ... | 2009 | 19323759 |
| localization and characterization of vva0331, a 489-kda rtx-like protein, in vibrio vulnificus yj016. | vibrio vulnificus yj016 contains three genes encoding proteins homologous to repeats-in-toxin proteins. one of these genes, vva0331, possesses a long open reading frame of 13,971 bp in length and resides on the small chromosome between two gene clusters encoding a type i secretion system and several regulatory proteins, respectively. bioinformatic analysis revealed that vva0331 consist of nineteen 87-amino acid repeats, two arg-gly-asp motifs, four cysteine residues, an outer membrane protein do ... | 2009 | 19326097 |
| immune response and inhibition of bacterial growth by electrotransfer of plasmid dna containing the antimicrobial peptide, epinecidin-1, into zebrafish muscle. | bacterial infections represent serious diseases in aquaculture, rapidly leading to fish death by septicemia. we investigated whether the electrotransfer of green fluorescent protein gene fusion epinecidin-1 (cmv-gfp-epi) dna into zebrafish muscle could regulate the fish immune response and inhibit bacterial growth. electroporation parameters such as the number of pulses, voltage, and amount of plasmid dna were analyzed, and results demonstrated the greatest mrna expression level of gfp-epi relat ... | 2009 | 19340938 |
| [necrotizing fasciitis caused by a vibrio vulnificus infection in an eel fishery]. | | 2009 | 19348100 |
| hemochromatosis and vibrio vulnificus wound infections. | there are several reports of persons with hemochromatosis and vibrio vulnificus primary septicemia, but few accounts of persons with hemochromatosis and v. vulnificus wound infection. a 58-year-old white man developed infection of a forearm injury exposed to seawater in the gulf of mexico near the alabama coast. at age 66, he was diagnosed to have hemochromatosis. transferrin saturation was 89% and serum ferritin was 4761 pmol/l. hfe genotype was c282y/c282y. serum levels of hepatic enzymes, glu ... | 2009 | 19349902 |
| [vibrio species in the waters of southern sweden caused bath-wound fever. increased bacteria frequency according to studies on clams]. | | 2009 | 19350770 |
| structure of a polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of vibrio vulnificus clinical isolate yj016 containing 2-acetimidoylamino-2-deoxy-l-galacturonic acid. | a polysaccharide isolated after mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of vibrio vulnificus clinical isolate yj016 was found to contain l-fuc, d-glcpnac, 2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-d-glucose (di-n-acetylbacillosamine, d-quinac4nac), and 2-acetimidoylamino-2-deoxy-l-galacturonic acid (l-galnama). the last sugar derivative was confirmed by correlations for nitrogen-linked protons in 2d tocsy and roesy spectra measured in a h(2)o-d(2)o mixture. the following structure of the polysaccha ... | 2009 | 19368903 |
| molecular modeling and docking studies of glutamate racemase in vibrio vulnificus cmcp6. | identification of novel drug targets in silico in vibrio vulnificus is important as it is one of the emerging pathogenic microorganisms. glutamate racemase, an important constituent of bacterial cell wall is chosen for structure prediction using homology modeling. with the aid of tools and software like modeller and swiss-pdbviewer, the 3d structure is predicted and the final model is refined by energy minimization. the quality of the refined model is assessed using procheck. the interaction bet ... | 2008 | 19374132 |
| unusual marine pathogens causing cellulitis and bacteremia in hemodialysis patients: report of two cases and review of the literature. | cellulitis in immunocompetent hosts is usually caused by skin organisms and responds to oral antibiotics. in immunocompromised hosts, such as end-stage renal disease (esrd) patients, unusual organisms with unpredictable pathogenicity can cause infections. we present two cases with isolates that are usually encountered in coastal waters. the first case describes a 71-year-old african-american esrd patient who presented with bacteremia secondary to a wound infection after exposure to flood waters ... | 2003 | 19379389 |
| the extracellular metalloprotease of vibrio tubiashii directly inhibits its extracellular haemolysin. | vibrio tubiashii is a re-emerging pathogen of molluscs that secretes a variety of extracellular products (ecps), including a metalloprotease and a cytolysin/haemolysin. previously, we reported that the v. tubiashii haemolysin locus consists of two orfs (vthb and vtha), similar to that of the homologous haemolysin genes (vvhb and vvha) found in vibrio vulnificus. here, we demonstrate that the concomitant expression of both v. tubiashii genes resulted in significantly higher haemolytic activity th ... | 2009 | 19389767 |
| an amphioxus tlr with dynamic embryonic expression pattern responses to pathogens and activates nf-kappab pathway via myd88. | a big bang expansion of the vertebrate-type (v-type) tlrs was reported in amphioxus. to shed lights on its implications, a unique tlr which is reversely inserted into an intron of amphioxus psmb7-10 by retrotransposition in the highly polymorphic proto-mhc region was cloned from chinese amphioxus (branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense) and named as bbttlr1. in situ assays showed that bbttlr1 was predominantly expressed in pharynx and gut from larva to adult stages, which are considered as the firs ... | 2009 | 19394698 |
| dynamic expressions of liver tissue apoptosis-related genes of vibrio vulnificus sepsis rats and the effects of antibacterial agents. | dynamic changes in mrna expressions of liver tissue apoptosis-promoting genes fas and bax and apoptosis-inhibiting gene bcl-2 of vibrio vulnificus sepsis rats were detected and the effects of antibacterial agents were examined. the rat model with vibrio vulnificus sepsis (vv group) was established and some of the vibrio vulnificus sepsis rats were treated with antibacterial agents (aa group). the mrna expressions of fas, bax and bcl-2 were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain react ... | 2009 | 19399403 |
| comparison of the effects of deferasirox, deferiprone, and deferoxamine on the growth and virulence of vibrio vulnificus. | since deferoxamine (dfo), a standard iron-chelating agent that is widely used in patients with iron overload such as hemochromatosis or thalassemia, is a kind of hydroxamine siderophore of streptomyces species, it can accelerate the in vitro growth of ferophilic organisms such as vibrio vulnificus, yersinia enterocolitica, and mucorales. | 2009 | 19413741 |
| role of calcium/calmodulin signaling pathway in vibrio vulnificus cytolysin-induced hyperpermeability. | endothelial hyperpermeability, a hallmark of septicemia, is induced by stress fiber formation, which is primarily regulated by the calcium/calmodulin signaling pathway in endothelial cells. we previously reported that trifluoperazine, a calcium/calmodulin antagonist, blocks vibrio vulnificus cytolysin (vvc) -induced lethality at in vivo animal model. the object of this study was therefore to examine whether vvc induces stress fiber formation through calcium/calmodulin signaling in endothelial ce ... | 2009 | 19447166 |
| vibrio vulnificus produces quorum sensing signals of the ahl-class. | vibrio vulnificus is an aquatic pathogenic bacterium that can cause vibriosis in humans and fish. the species is subdivided into three biotypes with the fish-virulent strains belonging to biotype 2. the quorum sensing (qs) phenomenon mediated by furanosyl borate diester or autoinducer 2 (ai-2) has been described in human strains of biotype 1, and here we show that the luxs gene which encodes ai-2 is present in all strains of v. vulnificus regardless of origin, biotype or serovar. in this study, ... | 2009 | 19453744 |
| the capability of catabolic utilization of n-acetylneuraminic acid, a sialic acid, is essential for vibrio vulnificus pathogenesis. | n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac, sialic acid) could provide a good substrate for enteropathogenic bacteria in the intestine, when the bacteria invade and colonize in human gut. in order to analyze the role of neu5ac catabolism in vibrio vulnificus pathogenesis, a mutant with disruption of the nana gene encoding neu5ac lyase was constructed by allelic exchanges. the nana mutant was not able to utilize neu5ac as a sole carbon source and revealed an altered colony morphotype with reduced opacity in ... | 2009 | 19487477 |
| [effects of antimicrobial agents on the toll like receptors and myeloid differentiation protein-2 in liver tissue of alcohol-induced liver disease: experiment with rats]. | to investigate the effects of antimicrobial agents on the toll like receptors (tlrs) and myeloid differentiation protein (md)-2 in liver tissue of alcohol-induced liver disease with vibrio vulnificus (vv) sepsis. | 2009 | 19489280 |
| user friendly cloning coupled with chitin-based natural transformation enables rapid mutagenesis of vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus is a bacterial contaminant of shellfish and causes highly lethal sepsis and destructive wound infections. a definitive identification of virulence factors using the molecular version of koch's postulates has been hindered because of difficulties in performing molecular genetic analysis of this opportunistic pathogen. for example, conjugation is required to introduce plasmid dna, and allelic exchange suicide vectors that rely on sucrose sensitivity for counterselection are not e ... | 2009 | 19502446 |
| septic shock from penetrating leg injury with vibrio vulnificus infection. | | 2009 | 19527215 |
| benthic ecology of vibrio spp. and pathogenic vibrio species in a coastal mediterranean environment (la spezia gulf, italy). | we carried out a 16-month in situ study to investigate the ecology of vibrio spp. and pathogenic vibrio species in coastal sediments of the mediterranean sea, employing multiple-regression analysis to reveal the major environmental factors controlling their occurrence in the benthic environment. in addition, association between vibrios and sediment-inhabiting meiofauna, which is a major component of benthic ecosystems, was investigated. culturable and total vibrio spp. estimates by most-probable ... | 2009 | 19543938 |
| infections in patients with aplastic anemia. | infection is a major cause of death in patients with aplastic anemia (aa). there are differences between the immunocompromised state of a patient with aa and the patient who is neutropenic due to chemotherapy and this leads to a difference in the infections that they incur. prolonged neutropenia is one of the largest risk factors for the development of infections with the invasive mycoses and bacteria. recovery from neutropenia is directly related to survival, and supportive care plays a large r ... | 2009 | 19549579 |
| comparative evolutionary analysis of the major structural subunit of vibrio vulnificus type iv pili. | type iv pili contribute to virulence in vibrio vulnificus, the bacterium responsible for the majority of fatal seafood-related infections. here, we performed within- and between-species evolutionary analysis of the gene that encodes the major structural subunit of the pilus, pila, by comparing it with pild and gyrb, the genes encoding the type iv prepilin peptidase and beta subunit of dna gyrase, respectively. although the diversity in pild and gyrb is similar to each other and likely to have ac ... | 2009 | 19556347 |
| roles of rseb, sigmae, and degp in virulence and phase variation of colony morphotype of vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacterium capable of causing serious and often fatal wound infections and primary septicemia. we used alkaline phosphatase insertion mutagenesis to identify genes necessary for the virulence of this pathogen. one mutant had an in-frame fusion of 'phoa to the gene encoding rseb, a periplasmic negative regulator of the alternative sigma factor sigma(e). sigma(e) controls an extensive regulon involved in responding to cell envelope stresses. colonies of the rseb mu ... | 2009 | 19564391 |
| incidence of vibrio vulnificus in estuarine waters of the south texas coastal bend region. | to determine the occurrence of the human pathogen, vibrio vulnificus, in south texas coastal waters. | 2009 | 19566724 |
| iron differentially regulates gene expression and extracellular secretion of vibrio vulnificus cytolysin-hemolysin. | in a previous study, we showed that vibrio vulnificus is a ferrophilic bacterium that requires high levels of available iron for growth. in the present study, we show that iron stimulates, in an unusual manner, the production of cytolysin-hemolysin (vvha), the most potent exotoxin produced by v. vulnificus. the vvha gene possesses a putative ferric uptake regulator (fur)-binding box in the regulatory region, andvvha transcription was repressed by iron and de-repressed by fur mutation. however, e ... | 2009 | 19586415 |
| septic arthritis as the initial manifestation of fatal vibrio vulnificus septicemia in a patient with thalassemia and iron overload. | vibrio vulnificus infection is an uncommon but potentially fatal disease in children such that prompt recognition has prognostic implications. we describe here the case of a 9-year-old female with thalassemia and iron overload who presented with septic arthritis as an atypical initial manifestation of fatal v. vulnificus septicemia. this report underscores the possibility of septic arthritis as an early manifestation of v. vulnificus septicemia. pediatricians should be alert to this extremely in ... | 2009 | 19591224 |
| integrase-directed recovery of functional genes from genomic libraries. | large population sizes, rapid growth and 3.8 billion years of evolution firmly establish microorganisms as a major source of the planet's biological and genetic diversity. however, up to 99% of the microorganisms in a given environment cannot be cultured. culture-independent methods that directly access the genetic potential of an environmental sample can unveil new proteins with diverse functions, but the sequencing of random dna can generate enormous amounts of extraneous data. integrons are r ... | 2009 | 19596808 |
| the fragment structure of a putative hsdr subunit of a type i restriction enzyme from vibrio vulnificus yj016: implications for dna restriction and translocation activity. | among four types of bacterial restriction enzymes that cleave a foreign dna depending on its methylation status, type i enzymes composed of three subunits are interesting because of their unique dna cleavage and translocation mechanisms performed by the restriction subunit (hsdr). the elucidated n-terminal fragment structure of a putative hsdr subunit from vibrio vulnificus yj016 reveals three globular domains. the nucleolytic core within an n-terminal nuclease domain (ntd) is composed of one ba ... | 2009 | 19625490 |
| in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharides against vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium that induces severely rapid pathological progress. in this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of two water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharides, cos a (mw, 10,000 da) and cos b (mw, 1,000 da), from 90-95% deacetylated chitosan, against v. vulnificus in vitro and in vivo. treatment with cos a resulted in significantly higher suppressive effects on the growth of v. vulnificus than treatment with cos b. the growth of v. vulnificus was inhibite ... | 2009 | 19639224 |
| calcium is essential for the major pseudopilin in the type 2 secretion system. | the pseudopilus is a key feature of the type 2 secretion system (t2ss) and is made up of multiple pseudopilins that are similar in fold to the type 4 pilins. however, pilins have disulfide bridges, whereas the major pseudopilins of t2ss do not. a key question is therefore how the pseudopilins, and in particular, the most abundant major pseudopilin, gspg, obtain sufficient stability to perform their function. crystal structures of vibrio cholerae, vibrio vulnificus, and enterohemorrhagic escheric ... | 2009 | 19640838 |
| phase variation, capsular polysaccharide, pilus and flagella contribute to uptake of vibrio vulnificus by the eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica). | vibrio vulnificus infections are associated with raw oyster consumption, and disease reservoirs are determined by the ability of this bacterium to infect and persist in oysters. surface structures, such as capsular polysaccharide (cps), pili and flagella, function as virulence factors in mouse infection models. furthermore, virulence is related to phase variation in colony morphology, which reflects cps expression and includes opaque (encapsulated, virulent), translucent (reduced encapsulation, ... | 2009 | 19689704 |
| structure of a polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharides of vibrio vulnificus strains cect 5198 and s3-i2-36, which is remarkably similar to the o-polysaccharide of pseudoalteromonas rubra atcc 29570. | high-molecular-mass polysaccharides were released by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharides of two wild-type vibrio vulnificus strain, a flagellated motile strain cect 5198 and a non-flagellated non-motile strain s3-i2-36. studies by sugar analysis and partial acid hydrolysis along with (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopies showed that the polysaccharides from both strains have the same trisaccharide repeating unit of the following structure: -->4)-beta-d-glcpnac3nacylan-(1-->4)-alpha-l-ga ... | 2009 | 19695563 |
| rigorous vibrio vulnificus soft tissue infection of the lower leg in a renal transplant patient managed by vacuum therapy and autologous growth factors. | vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative marine bacterium that grows well in coastal waters. it is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause serious life-threatening infections in patients with certain health conditions. vibrio-induced wound infections in immunosuppressed patients are difficult to treat because the healing process may be significantly delayed. reconstructive surgery may not be successful in early treatment as skin grafts are likely to fail, and there may be increased morbidity of don ... | 2009 | 19706229 |
| role of catalase and oxyr in the viable but nonculturable state of vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus has proven difficult to culture from water or shellfish during winter months, which is attributed to the viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state. because reactive oxygen species were found to be involved in the low temperature-induced entrance of v. vulnificus into this state, we generated an oxyr mutant which lacks catalase activity. this strain is nonculturable on solid media even at ambient temperature, due to the presence of h(2)o(2) in such media. low temperature incubation ... | 2004 | 19712354 |
| ecology of vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus in brackish environments of the sada river in shimane prefecture, japan. | while there are several studies on the ecology of vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus in estuarine water environments around the world, there is little information on the distribution of both organisms during the cold-weather months. thus, we conducted a multi-year study on the ecology of both organisms in brackish environments of the sada river, a drainage canal flowing slowly into the japan sea from lake shinji in shimane prefecture, japan. water samples were collected twice a month ... | 2004 | 19712405 |
| seasonal shifts in population structure of vibrio vulnificus in an estuarine environment as revealed by partial 16s ribosomal dna sequencing. | abstract the partial sequence (600 bp) containing the most variable region of vibrio vulnificus 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) was determined for 208 randomly selected v. vulnificus strains isolated from galveston bay, tx, usa between june 2000 and june 2001. a comparative analysis of the determined partial 16s rdna sequences revealed the existence of two different partial 16s rdna sequences (type a and type b, 1.3% base substitutions) among the 208 v. vulnificus isolates. a higher proportion of 16s r ... | 2003 | 19719603 |
| growth and survival differences of vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus strains during cold storage. | vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus are the most common vibrio species associated with seafood illness in the united states. our study was conducted to determine if strain-to-strain differences exist in the growth and survival of 8 different v. vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus strains at low temperatures. by day 10, v. vulnificus strain 515-4c2 had significantly higher counts (p < 0.05) (1.97 log cfu/g) compared with strains 3315, 1007, 29306 at 5 degrees c, which reached nondetectab ... | 2009 | 19723217 |
| occurrence of potentially pathogenic vibrios in final effluents of a wastewater treatment facility in a rural community of the eastern cape province of south africa. | we assessed the occurrence of vibrio pathogens in the final effluents of a rural wastewater treatment facility in the eastern cape province of south africa as free or plankton-associated (180 microm, 60 microm and 20 microm plankton sizes) entities using standard culture-based and molecular techniques. the free-living vibrio densities varied from 0 to 3.45 x 10(1) cfu ml(-1), while the plankton-associated vibrio densities vary with plankton sizes as follows: 180 microm (0-4.50 x 10(3) cfu ml(-1) ... | 2009 | 19732825 |
| discrimination of viable and dead vibrio vulnificus after refrigerated and frozen storage using ema, sodium deoxycholate and real-time pcr. | the effect of refrigerated and frozen storage on the viability of vibrio vulnificus was evaluated using cell suspensions (1x10(8) cfu/ml). ethidium bromide monoazide (ema) was utilized to selectively allow real-time (rti) pcr amplification of target dna from viable but not dead cells. bacterial survivors from the ema rti-pcr were evaluated by comparison with the plate count assay following different temperature exposures (-20 and 4 degrees c) every 24 h for 72 h. the log cfu values from the ema ... | 2009 | 19733199 |
| role of ntrc-regulated exopolysaccharides in the biofilm formation and pathogenic interaction of vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus has been shown to require a global transcription factor, ntrc for mature biofilm development via controlling the biosyntheses of lipopolysaccharide and exopolysaccharide (eps). biofilm formation and eps production were dramatically increased in a medium including a tricarboxylic acid cycle-intermediate as a carbon source. these phenotypes required functional ntrc and were abolished by the addition of ammonium chloride. during the initial stage of biofilm formation, both express ... | 2009 | 19737353 |
| characterization of clinical and environmental types of vibrio vulnificus isolates from louisiana oysters. | vibrio vulnificus, a naturally occurring estuarine bacterium frequently transmitted to humans via raw oysters, is a leading cause of seafood-related deaths in the united states. although unique virulence markers have not been identified to date, multiple biomarkers have been used previously to associate strains with clinical or environmental types of v. vulnificus. in this study, we evaluated the usefulness of these biomarkers in characterizing 349 v. vulnificus oyster isolates by the presence/a ... | 2009 | 19743928 |
| epidemiologic study of vibrio vulnificus infections by using variable number tandem repeats. | a 3-year environmental and clinical vibrio vulnificus survey using simple-sequence repeats typing shows that v. vulnificus biotype 3 constitutes approximately 21% of the bacterium population in tested aquaculture ponds as opposed to approximately 86% of clinical cases. simple-sequence repeats proved to be a useful epidemiologic tool, providing information on the environmental source of the pathogen. | 2009 | 19751592 |
| ai-2 quorum-sensing inhibitors affect the starvation response and reduce virulence in several vibrio species, most likely by interfering with luxpq. | the increase of disease outbreaks caused by vibrio species in aquatic organisms as well as in humans, together with the emergence of antibiotic resistance in vibrio species, has led to a growing interest in alternative disease control measures. quorum sensing (qs) is a mechanism for regulating microbial gene expression in a cell density-dependent way. while there is good evidence for the involvement of auto-inducer 2 (ai-2)-based interspecies qs in the control of virulence in multiple vibrio spe ... | 2009 | 19778962 |
| effect of antimicrobial agents on the toll-like receptors and inflammatory cytokines in liver tissue of the alcohol-induced liver disease in rats with vibrio vulnificus sepsis. | septicemia and inflammation-mediated septic shock caused by vibrio vulnificus (vv) is strongly associated with chronic liver disease. this study examined the effects of antimicrobial therapy on expression of hepatic toll-like receptors and inflammatory cytokines in rats with alcohol-induced liver disease complicated by vv sepsis. | 2009 | 19781370 |
| correlation of mannitol fermentation with virulence-associated genotypic characteristics in vibrio vulnificus isolates from oysters and water samples in the gulf of mexico. | vibrio vulnificus strains (n = 469) isolated from the gulf of mexico oysters and waters over a period of 2 years were subjected to phenotypic and genotypic characterizations. of the strains that could be definitively genotyped (n = 465), 58% were classified as genotype a, 29% as genotype b, and 13% as genotype a/b by 16s rrna genotyping. when the same strain bank was characterized by virulence-correlated gene (vcg) typing, 65% were genotype e while 35% were genotype c. further analysis focusing ... | 2010 | 19785540 |
| knowledge of vibrio vulnificus infection among japanese patients with liver diseases: a prospective multicenter study. | vibrio vulnificus (v. vulnificus) is a seafood-borne infectious pathogen that can be lethal to humans. the infection has been correlated with pre-existing liver disease, particularly liver cirrhosis. awareness of v. vulnificus infection among japanese citizens is low, despite the increasing number of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). the present study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge of patients with liver disease regarding v. vulnificus infection. | 2009 | 19789520 |
| evaluation of dna colony hybridization and real-time pcr for detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in postharvest-processed oysters. | the applicability of real-time pcr was examined for detection of vibrios from postharvest-processed (php) oysters to allow for a more rapid assay and higher sample throughput than currently used. during june to october 2004, 68 php oyster samples were collected directly from php firms or from retail markets across the united states. php oysters were examined to determine the effectiveness of treatments in the reduction of vibrio levels and to compare the analytical methods utilized. the latter i ... | 2009 | 19833033 |
| survey of postharvest-processed oysters in the united states for levels of vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus. | from june through october 2004, the u.s. food and drug administration collected oysters (61 samples) that had been subjected to postharvest processing (php) methods, including mild heat treatment, freezing, and high hydrostatic pressure, from processors and retail markets in various states to determine vibrio vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus levels. presence in a 25-g sample and most probable number (mpn) using standard enrichment and selective isolation procedures were utilized. suspect colon ... | 2009 | 19833034 |
| tropical dermatology: marine and aquatic dermatology. | dermatoses caused by marine organisms are frequently seen in dermatology clinics worldwide. cutaneous injuries after exposure to marine environments include bacterial and fungal infections and lesions caused by aquatic plants and protists. some of these diseases are well known by dermatologists, such as vibrio vulnificus septicemia and erysipeloid, but others are uncommon, such as envenomation caused by ingestion or contact with certain dinoflagellates or cyanobacteria, which are associated with ... | 2009 | 19836641 |
| identification of the vibrio vulnificus ahpcl gene and its influence on survival under oxidative stress and virulence. | pathogens have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to survive oxidative stresses imposed by host defense systems, and the mechanisms are closely linked to their virulence. in the present study, ahpcl, a homologue of escherichia coli ahpc encoding a peroxiredoxin, was identified among the vibrio vulnificus genes specifically induced by exposure to h(2)o(2). in order to analyze the role of ahpcl in the pathogenesis of v. vulnificus, a mutant, in which the ahpcl gene was disrupted, was constructed by ... | 2009 | 19851736 |
| vibrio vulnificus infection: a case infected by contaminated fishing gear. | | 2009 | 19878399 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of a c-type lectin (ec-ctl) in orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | c-type lectins play crucial roles in pathogen recognition, innate immunity, and cell-cell interactions. in this study, a new c-type lectin (ec-ctl) gene was cloned from grouper, epinephelus coioides by expressed sequence tag (est) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) pcr. the full-length cdna of ec-ctl was composed of 840 bp with a 651 bp open reading frame (orf) that encodes a 216-residue protein. the deduced amino acid sequence of ec-ctl possessed all conserved features crucial for the ... | 2010 | 19879363 |
| cadaverine is transported into vibrio vulnificus through its cadb in alkaline environment. | the exogenously-added cadaverine is effective in protecting vibrio vulnificus from methyl viologen (mv)-induced superoxide stress at ph 8.5. such a protective effect by cadaverine was not observed at ph 7.5. consistently, the accumulated level of intracellular cadaverine at ph 8.5 is approximately four times as much as that of the control cell at ph 7.5. cadaverine accumulation is not affected by mv. the protection of v. vulnificus by cadaverine from superoxide stress was abolished when cadb cod ... | 2009 | 19884768 |
| oligomerization is essential for apoptotic activity of vibrio vulnificus hemolysin. | vibrio vulnificus hemolysin (vvh), a pore forming toxin, is thought to be a virulence factor of this bacterium. it is well known that vvh induces apoptosis as well as cell lysis in susceptible target cells. although pore formation is an essential step in cell lysis, it is unknown whether this step is necessary for vvh-induced apoptosis. in this study, chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells were exposed to non-oligomerized mutant f334i, in which phenylalanine 334 was replaced by isoleucine. the rate o ... | 2009 | 19887751 |
| simultaneous differential detection of human pathogenic and nonpathogenic vibrio species using a multiplex pcr based on gyrb and pnta genes. | to develop a multiplex pcr targeting the gyrb and pnta genes for vibrio species differentiation. | 2010 | 19891709 |
| the aromatic ring of phenylalanine 334 is essential for oligomerization of vibrio vulnificus hemolysin. | vibrio vulnificus hemolysin (vvh) is thought to be a member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (cdc) family of pore-forming toxins. to date, the structure-function relationships of cdcs produced by gram-negative bacteria remain largely unknown. we show here that the aromatic ring of phenylalanine residue conserved in vibrionaceae hemolysins is essential for oligomerization of vvh. we generated the vvh mutants; substituted phe 334 for ile (f334i), ala (f334a), tyr (f334y), or trp (f334w); and ... | 2010 | 19897654 |
| validation of a method for the detection of five species, serogroups, biotypes and virulence factors of vibrio by multiplex pcr in fish and seafood. | in this work a sequential multiplex pcr system was designed and validated for the detection of most frequent foodborne pathogen vibrio species in fish and seafood (vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, vibrio alginoliticus and vibrio mimicus). the method proposed functions in a hierarchical way, being composed of an end-point multiplex pcr to detect the presence of dna belonging to the studied species, followed by multiplex pcr and fragment analysis allowing the viability ... | 2010 | 19913702 |
| rtxa1-induced expression of the small gtpase rac2 plays a key role in the pathogenicity of vibrio vulnificus. | infection with the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros) via nad(p)h oxidase (nox) in host cells. in the present study, we employed mutant v. vulnificus strains to identify an essential virulence factor responsible for this ros generation. we found that repeats-in-toxin a1 (rtxa1) expressed by v. vulnificus acts via nox1 to induce significant ros generation in the intestine epithelial cells, which ultimately results in cell death. furthermore, ... | 2010 | 19919301 |
| american oyster, crassostrea virginica, expresses a potent antibacterial histone h2b protein. | an antibacterial protein was purified from acidified gill extract of a bivalve mollusk, the american oyster (crassostrea virginica). protein isolation was best accomplished by briefly boiling the tissues in a weak acetic acid solution. adding protease inhibitors while boiling did not have a major effect on activity recovery. in contrast, use of only protease inhibitors (without boiling) resulted in virtually no recovery of this activity. the amino acid sequence of this antibacterial protein was ... | 2010 | 19949827 |
| [development of taqman real-time pcr in detection of aeromonas hydrophila]. | to develop a taqman real-time pcr for the detection of aeromonas hydrophila. | 2009 | 19954074 |
| presence of pathogens and indicator microbes at a non-point source subtropical recreational marine beach. | swimming in ocean water, including ocean water at beaches not impacted by known point sources of pollution, is an increasing health concern. this study was an initial evaluation of the presence of indicator microbes and pathogens and the association among the indicator microbes, pathogens, and environmental conditions at a subtropical, recreational marine beach in south florida impacted by non-point sources of pollution. twelve water and eight sand samples were collected during four sampling eve ... | 2010 | 19966020 |
| a recombinant metalloprotease antigen of vibrio vulnificus elicits protective antibodies in a murine model. | to investigate whether vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease (vvpe) can induce the production of specific anti-vvpe antibody to confer effective protection against vibrio vulnificus infection and to evaluate the possibility of vvpe as a potential vaccine candidate against disease caused by v. vulnificus. | 2010 | 20002577 |
| evaluation of bactericidal activity of weakly acidic electrolyzed water (waew) against vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibriovulnificus cause severe foodborne illness in humans; thus, to reduce outbreaks of disease, it is clearly important to reduce food contamination by these pathogens. although electrolyzed oxidizing (eo) water has been reported to exhibit strong bactericidal activities against many pathogens, it has never been tested against v. vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal activity of weakly acidic electrolyzed water ... | 2010 | 20004034 |
| thrombocytopenia and thrombosis in disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic). | disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic) is the physiologic result of pathologic overstimulation of the coagulation system. despite multiple triggers, a myriad of laboratory abnormalities, and a clinical presentation ranging from gross hemostatic failure to life-threatening thrombosis, or even both simultaneously, a simplified clinical approach augmented by a few readily available tests allows prompt identification of the process and elucidation of treatment opportunities. platelet counts in ... | 2009 | 20008204 |
| [vibrio vulnificus infection outside of the fish ponds in northern israel: acquisition in the "einot tzukim" springs near the dead sea]. | vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium that may cause severe skin and systemic infection after exposure of open wounds to contaminated water, especially in patients with underlying disease such as immune-deficiency, iron overload or end stage liver or renal disease. the v. vulnificus infection has been reported in israel almost exclusively after exposure to tilapia fish cultivated in fresh water fish ponds in northern israel. the authors report the first case of v. vulnificus infection a ... | 2009 | 20027981 |