| [ultrastructure of the l forms of cholera and nag vibrios]. | ultrastructure of l-forms of cholera and nag-vibrios obtained under the effect of penicillin, tetracycline, in prolonged cultivations, and isolated from the external environment was studied. there proved to be no principal differences in their ultrastructural organization. cells of sphero- and protoplastic type were distinguished in the colonies. the presence in the cell cytoplasm of mesosomes of the lamellar, vesicular type, myelin-like structures, multiple ring-like formations liberated into e ... | 1978 | 747010 |
| [fertility and the crossing system in vibrio cholerae]. | a system of crossing of 2 biotypes of cholera strains and nonagglutinating vibrios was worked out by means of modified parker and romig's method. the most frequent inheritance of the sex factor was noted in conjugation of strains belonging to the classic biotype. inheritance of chromosomal genes (pur) was less incident. sex pili 9 to 10 nm in diameter were revealed in donor v. cholerae 569 (b) p+ strain. | 1978 | 747026 |
| mode of action of bacteriophage phi 149 on cholera and el tor vibrios. | bacteriophage phi 149 which was propagated in vibrio cholerae (classical) ogawa 154 strain, killed vibrio cholerae (el tor) strain mak 757 without phage propagation. el tor vibrios underwent a small degree of lysis only when infected by the phage phi 149 at a high multiplicity of infection and lost their viability at a rate-dependent multiplicity of phage infection. evidence was obtained with 32p-labelled bacteriophage phi 149 for penetration of phage dna into both bacterial strains. in host str ... | 1978 | 747818 |
| clinical gradation of severity in hospitalised cholera cases due to el tor biotype. | | 1978 | 750439 |
| [effect of polymyxin e on vibrio cholerae]. | | 1978 | 750785 |
| [search for the causes of different sensitivity of vibrio cholerae of the classical and el tor biotypes to polymyxin e]. | | 1978 | 750786 |
| in vitro degradation of mouse, rabbit and dog antibodies to vibrio cholerae by succus entericus. | purified antibodies to vibrio cholerae from mouse, rabbit and dog were digested in vitro by homologous intestinal secretions. when assessed with regard to their complement-dependent vibriocidal activity, igg antibodies were generally more susceptible to degradation than igm antibodies, high levels of tryptic inhibitors were required to inhibit this digestion. rabbit igg was unusual in being quite resistant to digestion. gel filtration studies demonstrated that secretory iga, isolated from mouse ... | 1978 | 752309 |
| the source of igm and igg in the dog intestine. | the source of igm and igg2a,b in the dog intestine was investigated, using labelled dog immunoglobulins and chronic thiry-vella loops of dog small intestine. clearancess of igm and igg2a,b from serum into intestinal secretions were similar, reflecting transfer of a greater mass of igg2a,b than of igm. only 20% of the intestinal igm derived from serum, irrespective of the marker used. about one third of the total intestinal igg, of all sub-classes and accrued from all sources, was serum-derived i ... | 1978 | 752310 |
| neuraminidase effect on the growth of a transplantable nickel sulfide-induced rat tumor. | exposure of a weakly immunogenic nickel sulfide-induced fischer rat tumor to vibrio cholerae neuraminidase inhibited tumor growth in normal recipients. these recipients were found to be more resistent to a subsequent tumor inoculation. | 1978 | 752742 |
| the aggregational status of cholera enterotoxin fragment a following biochemical fractionation. | aggregates of frabment a of vibrio cholerae enterotoxin were revealed following isoelectric focusing in 8 m urea of molecular sieve chromatography in 4% (v/v) formic acid. these aggregates consisted of dimers which required the presence of 10 m urea, 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), 2 mm ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (edta) and heat (60 degrees c for 1 h) for complete dissociation. all aggregates were homogeneous when tested by standard analytical and sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or i ... | 1978 | 753371 |
| antigenic variation of vibrio el tor during an epidemic in kivu. | | 1978 | 754661 |
| effect of chemotaxis on the interaction of cholera vibrios with intestinal mucosa. | earlier reports from this laboratory have shown that chemotaxis is an important mechanism that expedites the in vitro association of cholera vibrios with intestinal slices and that affects the in vivo colonization and virulence of these bacteria to a significant degree. the data reported in the present communication indicate that there appears to be a chemotatic gradient attracting cholera vibrios not only to the surface of the mucus gel, but that this gradient continues for at least a considera ... | 1979 | 760498 |
| [immunologic cytolysis reaction. (1). reactions between the cell wall outer membrane of vibrio cholerae and intestinal bacteria and normal sera of man and guinea pigs]. | | 1975 | 765572 |
| interactions of choleragenoid and gm1 ganglioside with enterotoxins of vibrio cholerae and escherichia coli in cultured adrenal cells. | the heat-labile enterotoxins of vibrio cholerae and escherichia coli induce morphologic changes and steroidogenesis in clonal lines of adrenal tumor cells in tissue culture; these effects are preventable by prior incubation of either toxin with gm1 ganglioside (galactosyl-n-acetylgalactosaminyl [sialosyl] lactosyl ceramide; ggnslc) but are not preventable by prior incubation of adrenal cells with choleragenoid. choleragenoid, however, is capable of interfering with the ability of gm1 ganglioside ... | 1976 | 768385 |
| isolation and properties of heat-labile enterotoxin(s) from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | various techniques have been applied to the detection of skin reactivity associated with heat-labile escherichia coli enterotoxin in fermenter-grown cultures of enterotoxigenic strains in syncase medium and in trypticase soy broth. isolated products that were homogeneous, as determined by disc electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, differed immunologically and in physicochemical characteristics depending on the strain and medium used, even though the products had similar ... | 1976 | 768386 |
| purification of heat-labile enterotoxin from escherichia coli o78:h11 by affinity chromatography with antserum to vibrio cholerae toxin. | concentrated culture filtrate of escherichia coli o78:h11, strain h10407, was applied to an affinity column prepared with igg antibodies to the toxin of vibrio cholerae. elution of the retained material with 3 m kcns yielded a nonenterotoxic protein that precipitated with antiserum to v. cholerae toxin and had three major protein components on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. after treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol, two protein components were observed. elution of the affinity column with 5 m guanidi ... | 1976 | 768387 |
| activation of heat-labile escherichia coli enterotoxin by trypsin. | trypsin-treated, cell-free filtrates derived from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, strain h197 (o78:h11), exhibited a fourfold or greater increase in heat-labile vascular permeability factor activity and a 10-fold or greater increase in the ability to stimulate secretion of growth hormone by cultured rat pituitary cells. in contrast, trypsin-treated filtrates were not different from untreated filtrates in their ability to elicit a secretory response in ligated rabbit intestinal loops. however, ... | 1976 | 768388 |
| recent advances in cholera pathophysiology and therapeutics. | | 1975 | 769073 |
| radiation therapy and immunotherapy: the value of immunotherapy in the control of local and regional cancer. | | 1976 | 769945 |
| [cholera]. | | 1976 | 772354 |
| [so-called mucoid forms of vibrio cholerae]. | the authors present materials indicating that examination of nonagglutinating vibrios in the agglutination reaction with cholera sera after boiling, according to sakazaki recommendation (1971), did not provide recognition of mucoid forms of cholera vibrio and its differentiation from cholera-like vibrios of other serological groups. it is suggested that one should take into consideration morphological peculiarities of the culture, stability of agglutination with cholera o-serum and the results o ... | 1976 | 773060 |
| cellular events involved in the true primary immune response of splenocytes in vitro. | an antibody response showing characteristics of a "true" primary response was readily induced in vitro with splenocytes from normal non-immunized animals cultured with strongly immunogenic vibrio cholerae somatic antigens. prior studies have shown that the response to vibrios in intact animals appeared to be a true primary response since no pre-existing antibody forming cells were present in non-immunized animals and the antigen induced response, following a lag of two days, resulted thereafter ... | 1976 | 773113 |
| [use of media with antibiotics for isolating resistant forms of the cholera vibrios]. | higher stability of resistance to tetracycline in the polyresistant strain of v. eltor under conditions of macroorganism as compared to nutrient media was found experimentally. to increase isolation of the resistant forms of the cholera vibrio it was recommended to use agar with tetracycline or other antibiotics depending on the particular case in addition to the routine media. | 1976 | 776072 |
| vibrio cholerae infection and immunity in mice. | lyophilized cultures of v. cholerae 569b slowly lose their virulence for neonatal and adult mice during long term storage. following a single passage in orally infected 6-day old mice, a highly virulent strain (designated 569b/mp) was isolated. this organism causes rapidly fatal intestinal infections in 6-day old mice; large numbers can be isolated in pure culture from the intestinal fluid. freezing and storage at -60 degrees of dead animal provides a simple means of maintaining the high virulen ... | 1976 | 779744 |
| adhesive properties of vibrio cholerae: nature of the interaction with intact mucosal surfaces. | two companion papers in this series have characterized the interaction between vibrio cholerae and the surfaces of eukaryotic cells. the present paper reports studies of the association between vibrios or salmonella enteritidis and intact slices of intestinal tissue. a significant number of differences were noted in the characteristics of bacterial adhesion in these systems. the results are interpreted to indicate the presence of at least two receptors for vibrio adhesion on the mucosal surface ... | 1976 | 780274 |
| challenge of dogs with live enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and effects of repeated challenges on fluid secretion in jejunal thiry-vella loops. | dogs were evaluated as experimental models for the study of diarrheal disease produced by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. although a suitable whole model for orogastric bacterial challenge could not be developed, chronic jejunal thiry-vella loops were used to study the secretory effects of multiple jejunal challenges with enterotoxin of either vibrio cholerae or e. coli. the heat-stable and heat-labile e. coli enterotoxins could be differentiated clearly in this model. sequential weekly challe ... | 1976 | 781145 |
| efficacy of a live oral cholera vaccine in human volunteers. | a live attenuated oral cholera vaccine has been given to volunteers with complete safety. the vaccine strain appeared to multiply significantly in intestinal contents and to result in appreciable vibriocidal antibody response. subsequent challenge with virulent inaba vibrios demonstrated substantial protection from clinical illness and from vibrio shedding. the possibility of reversion to toxin production is discussed. | 1976 | 782960 |
| immunological probes into the mechanism of cholera toxin action. | the use of antibodies to specific cell surface proteins or to ligands which interact with cell surface receptors is a powerful tool for analyzing the properties of membrane proteins and the consequences of specific cell surface ligand-receptor interactions. two central observations concerning membrane structure and function, - the diffusibility of membrane proteins (1) and ligand-triggered modulation of specific receptors (2), have derived from the use of antibodies to analyze the properties of ... | 1976 | 786864 |
| differential biological characteristics of vibrio cholerae and escherichia coli enterotoxins. | | 1976 | 786870 |
| isolation of skin permeability factors from culture filtrates of salmonella typhimurium. | engerotoxins isolated from vibrio cholerae and toxigenic escherichia coli cause permeability alterations in rabbit skin. firm induration and erythema are observed within 18 to 24 h, and visualization of the reaction may be enhanced by intravenous injection of pontamine sky blue dye. two skin permeability factors (pf) have been found in culture filtrates of salmonella typhimurium. a rapid acting factor, produced optimally in brain heart infusion broth at 37 degrees c by numerous salmonella specie ... | 1976 | 786890 |
| effect of enterotoxins of vibrio cholerae, escherichia coli, and shigella dysenteriae type 1 on fluid and electrolyte transport in the colon. | experiments were designed to determine whether the enterotoxins of vibrio cholerae, escherichia coli, and shigella dysenteriae type 1 alter the movement of fluid and electrolytes in the rat cecum. net secretion of water and sodium were observed after incubation of 1.67 x10(-5) mug of purified cholera toxin (choleragen)/ml for 18 hr or of 50 mug/ml for 3 hr. the effect of choleragen on cecal transport of water and electrolytes was related to the dose. in addition, choleragen increased cecal mucos ... | 1976 | 787442 |
| blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukaemia (cml). ii. cell surface marker analysis of "lymphoid" and myeloid cases. | fourteen cases of philadelphia chromosome (ph1) positive chronic myeloid leukaemia in blast transformation have been investigated using cell surface markers. morphologically eight cases were lymphoid and the remainder myeloid in appearance. all cases were negative with surface markers for thymocytes and t and b lymphocytes. five of the lymphoid cases reacted with an antiserum specific for acute lymphoid leukaemia )all) of non-t non-b type and were also weakly reactive with a lymphocyte reactive ... | 1976 | 788772 |
| correlations between humoral immunity and successful chemotherapy-immunotherapy. | experiments were designed to evaluate the characteristics of the humoral immune response induced by active immunotherapy, both specific (neuraminidase-treated tumore cells) and nonspecific (bacillus calmette-guérin organisms), in the l1210-c57bl/6 x dba/2f tumor-host system. tumor burden was minimized with chemotherapy (1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea) prior to immunotherapy. a marked increase in the concentration of serum immunoglobulins (immunoglobulin m, immunoglobulin g, and immunoglob ... | 1976 | 788896 |
| neutralizing antibodies against escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae enterotoxins in human milk from a developing country. | by means of the adrenal cell assay and the rabbit small-bowel loop technique enterotoxin-neutralizing antibodies were demonstrated in all investigated milk samples from severely undernourished pakistani women but, with a single exception, not in milk from swedish mothers. the antibodies belonged to the iga and igg classes as observed in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which also revealed secretory component on specific enterotoxin antibodies, showing that the iga antibodies were primarily ... | 1976 | 790543 |
| [effect of cholera vibrio and escherichia coli enterotoxins on human thrombocyte aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate]. | | 1976 | 790824 |
| effects of doxycycline in actively purging cholera patients: a double-blind clinical trial. | in 51 actively purging cholera patients the efficacy of doxycycline, a long-acting tetracycline, was compared with a placebo and tetracycline hydrochloride. seventeen patients who were given doxycycline at the recommended dose of 2 mg/kg at the beginning of the study, at 12 h, and at the repeated dose once daily purged a mean volume of 5.1 liters of stool and received an average of 5.7 liters of intravenous fluid. nineteen patients receiving the placebo purged 10.1 liters of stool and received 9 ... | 1976 | 791107 |
| differential expression of cell surface binding sites for cholera toxin in acute and chronic leukaemias. | binding of purified cholera toxin to cell surface receptors has been visualized by an indirect immunofluorescence procedure. normal nucleated cells from blood, bone marrow and lymphoid tissues, express these receptors with the possible exception of erythroid precursors. cells from patients with chronic lymphoid or myeloid leukaemias have a normal receptor expression but acute leukaemic cells showed a marked deficiency in cholera toxin binding. insertion of purified gm ganglioside into membranes ... | 1976 | 791345 |
| the problem of bacterial diarrhoea. | the reported incidence of "pathogenic" bacteria, as judged by serotype, in the stools of children with acute diarrhoea has varied from 4 to 33% over the last twenty years. techniques such as tissue culture provide a means for detecting enterotoxin-producing strains of bacteria, strains which often do not possess "pathogenic" serotypes. "pathogenicity" requires redefinition, and the aetiological importance of bacteria in diarrhoea is probably considerably greater than previous reports have indica ... | 1976 | 791597 |
| taking science where the diarrhoea is. | with attack rates exceeding two episodes per year in the young diarrhoea with attendant dehydration is by far the major single killer in the developing world. an invariable accompaniment of the more insidious and chronic protein-energy malnutrition (pem), diarrhoea is itself an acute form of malnutrition: fluid-electrolyte malnutrition (fem). scientific attention to fem has focused heavily on mechanisms of pathogenesis and disordered physiology, often to the neglect of preventive and effective c ... | 1976 | 791598 |
| the nature and action of cholera toxin. | cholera diarrhoea is due to the action of a toxin that acts on all animal cells by stimulating the enzyme adenylate cyclase, which catalyses the production oc cyclic amp from atp. in intestinal brush border cells raised cyclic amp levels result in increased secretion of chloride ions, leading to fluid accumulation in the gut. escherichia coli produces a similar toxin. the receptor for cholera toxin on the cell membrane appears to be a complex containing the ganglioside ggnslc (or gm1). cholera t ... | 1976 | 791600 |
| [method for the quantitative determination of penicillin acylase activity by the formation of phenylacetic acid]. | the quantitative method for determination of penicillinacylase activity is described. the method is based on detection of phenylacetic acid (paa) formed during hydrolysis of benzylpenicillin. paa is extracted with toluol and nitrated with potassium nitrate solution in concentrated sulphuric acid followed by reduction of nitrophenylacetic acid into aminophenylacetic acid with zinc powder. aminophenylacetic acid interacts with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in acid medium forming a coloured compound ... | 1976 | 793510 |
| [determination of the activity of vibrio cholerae antibodies in human and animal sera by means of the bactericidal test]. | | 1976 | 794601 |
| [enterobacterial enterotoxins]. | | 1976 | 795228 |
| analysis of human leukaemic cells using cell surface binding probes and the fluorescence activated cell sorter. | cell surface binding fluorescent ligands have been used to distinguish between different types of leukaemic cells and between leukaemic cells and their presumed normal counterparts or progenitors. binding of these probes was evaluated using the fluorescence activated cell sorter (facs) which provides both rapid, objective and quantitative recording of fluorescent signals from individual cells plus physical separation of cells of particular interest. binding sites for cholera toxin (monosialogang ... | 1976 | 795743 |
| studies on the effect of phytagglutinins on some members of enterobacteriaceae. | extracts of twenty seeds were tested against twenty six organisms belonging to klebsiella, proteus, salmonella, shigella and cholera species. extracts of eleven seeds showed agglutinating activity against twenty four various organism. s. typhi and kl. aerogenes did not react against any lectin. on the basis of the results it was possible to differentiate various shigella and salmonella organisms by various seed extracts. different isolates of cholera organisms of same serotype and phage type sho ... | 1976 | 796502 |
| [practical interest of a micromethod for neuraminidase treatment of lymphocytes in transplantation immunology (author's transl)]. | vibrio cholerae neuraminidase treatment increases the cell sensitivity to complement and antibodies cytotoxic action. this property can be applied to the microlymphocytotoxicity technic for antibodies study in dialysed and kidney transplanted patients and for pretransplantation cross-matches. the enzymatic treatment usually employed needs a great deal of lymphocytes submitted in a second step to antibodies cytotoxic action. but this method appeared difficult to be routinely applied. we developed ... | 1976 | 796790 |
| [possible use of the platelet as the cell system for the control of enteropathogenicity of e. coli and of other enterobacteria. preliminary approach]. | after an introduction concerning the assays employed in vitro and in vivo to determine enterotoxigenic activity of e. coli, the a. suggests a new in vitro model as a preliminary approach based upon the influence of lt enterotoxin of escherichia coli on platelet aggregation (inhibitory effect) as expression of stimulation of adenylatecyclase activity evoked by this fraction and eventually other cholera-like fractions released from enterobacteria. | 1976 | 797394 |
| thermal inactivation of cholera phages. | thermal inactivation of seven cholera phages have been tested over the temperature range between 50 degrees to 70 degrees c. it was found that the phages vary widely in their heat sensitivity, mukerjee's phages iii being the most sensitive of the whole group. with all the phages over the temperature range studies, the inactivation curve seem to follow the pattern of virus thermal inactivation in general, the inactivation proceeding initially at a rapid rate, which in about 15 minutes time, gradu ... | 1975 | 798583 |
| adhesion of cholera phage to glass surfaces at high inactivation temperatures. | decimal dilutions of cholera phage heated in test tubes at the temperature range of 65 degrees to 70 degrees showed an erratic behaviour in that the residual counts had no relationship to the quantity of phage originally present in the tubes. if the contents of the heated tubes were decanted off and the empty tubes washed repeatedly with broth, the recovery of phage from successive washings of the tubes was much higher than what would be expected on the basis of the simple dilution effect of was ... | 1976 | 798584 |
| comparative study of reactions and serological response to cholera vaccines in a controlled field trial conducted in the ussr. | this article presents the results of a comparative study of the reactogenicity and the serological response induced by a number of cholera vaccines. conducted in the ussr on 998 adults aged 18 years and over, the study covered whole-cell heat-killed and formalin-inactivated cholera vaccines, whole-cell heat-killed el tor vaccine, and a new partially purified toxoid preparation proposed for the immunoprophylaxis of cholera-all administered by hypodermic syringe or jet injector. the most marked re ... | 1976 | 798636 |
| vibrio parahaemolyticus: aetiological agent of food poisoning. | after mentioning the principal morphological, cultural, physiological, biochemical, enzyme and serological characteristics of vibrio parahaemolyticus (a facultative halophilic bacterium and the aetiological agent of food poisoning caused by the consumption of fish products) a description is given of its ecological aspects, geographical distribution, and potential enteropathogenicity for man, with general information on its isolation and identification. | 1976 | 798718 |
| [manifestation of intestinal immunity to vibrio cholerae]. | | 1976 | 799289 |
| [microagglutination reaction with labeled cholera vibrios]. | | 1976 | 799370 |
| [cell envelopes and lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria (author's transl)]. | | 1976 | 800276 |
| [future perspective in the use of disinfectants]. | the effects of different combinations of quaternary ammonium compounds (sanitized, sanigard) on faecal and soil organisms demonstrate the usefulness of these products (dilution 1/100,000). a contact time of 30 seconds to 4 minutes is sufficient for bacteriocidal activity. materials treated with these compounds retain their bacteriocidal activity after 10 washes with boiling water and for over a month with normal usage. the disinfection of a door handle contaminated with vibrio cholerae or salmon ... | 1976 | 801260 |
| oligomeric structure of cholera toxin: characteristics of the h and l subunits. | structural analysis of cholera toxin by sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide electrophoresis demonstrated two types of non-covalentyly linked subunits, heavy (h) and light (l), with respective molecular weights 28000 and 800 to 9000. the h:l protein ratio was i:2, indicating that the toxin of molecular weights of in ratio was i:2, indicating that the toxin of molecular weight 84000 consists of ih and 6 or 7 l subunits, linked into an aggregate with non-covalent bonds. choleragenoid toxoid, a na ... | 1975 | 803547 |
| studies on toxinogenesis in vibrio cholerae. iii. characterization of nontoxinogenic mutants in vitro and in experimental animals. | spontaneous and chemically induced mutants with reduced ability to produce cholera enterotoxin (choleragen) as an extracellular protein were isolated from vibrio cholerae strains 569b inaba, a classical cholera vibrio, and 3083-2 ogawa, an el tor vibrio. by qualitative and quantitative immunological assay in vitro such mutants could be separated into different classes characterized either by production of no detectable choleragen (tox minus), or of small quantities of extracellular choleragen, o ... | 1975 | 803978 |
| preparation and characterization of rabbit igg fractions. | rabbit igg has been purified and further fractionated by deae-cellulose column chromatography to yield three fractions, fr-i,-ii and -iii-1 that span a broad range in the heterogeneous molecular population of igg. immunodiffusion established that these fractions are free from contamination by iga, igm, transferrin, and hemopexin. the three fractions were assayed for neutral hexose and sialic acid; fr-iii-1 and fr-i yielded the highest and lowest values for these components, resepctively. the ord ... | 1975 | 804520 |
| [immunochemical analysis of the cytoplasmic fraction of a cholera-like vibrion]. | a soluble cytoplasm and ribosomal fraction which were later subjected to gel-filtration were obtained by disintegration and subsequent differential centrifugation from a cholera-like strain. immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis in gel showed that the ribosomal fraction contained up to 6 high-molecular antigenic components (including an o-antigen and the antigens identical to those of a cholerogen), and others; its low-molecular components (molecular weight 1.7-10-4 and lower) were inactive ... | 1975 | 804781 |
| [vibriolysis in cholera and nag-vibrios]. | the causative agent of classic cholera, vibrios of the el-tor biotype and nag-vibrios produced on agar plates a substance which lysed killed indicator strains of the vibrios and the gram negative bacilli, but was indifferent against the gram positive bacilli. the action of the vibriolysins varied extending from the causative agent of classic cholera in the direction of saprophytes. | 1975 | 804789 |
| mechanism of action of vibrio cholerae enterotoxin. effects on adenylate cyclase of toad and rat erythrocyte plasma membranes. | the characteristics of the cholera toxin-stimulated adenylate cyclase of toad (bufus marinus) and rat erythrocyte plasma membranes have been examined, with special emphasis on the response to purine nucleotides, fluoride, magnesium and catecholamine hormones. toad erythrocytes briefly exposed to low concentrations of cholera toxin (40,000 to 60,000 molecules per cell) and incubated 2 to 4 hr at 30 degrees c exhibit dramatic alterations in the kinetic and regulatory properties of adenylate cyclas ... | 1975 | 805247 |
| mechanism of activation of adenylate cyclase by vibrio cholerae enterotoxin. | the kinetics and properties of the activation of adenylate cyclase by cholera enterotoxin have been examined primarily in toad erythrocytes, but also in avian erythrocytes, rat fat cells and cultured melanoma cells. when cholera toxin is incubated with intact cells it stimulates adenylate cyclase activity, as measured in the subsequently isolated plasma membranes, according to a triphasic time course. this consists of a true lag period of about 30 min, followed by a stage of exponentially increa ... | 1975 | 805248 |
| [inhibition of bacterial neuraminidases by different anions (author's transl)]. | it was shown that neuraminidase of vibrio comma is inactivated by ca..-binding anions like citrate, edta, oxalate, phosphate or tartrate. there is, however, no inhibition of the newly described enzymes of erysipelothrix insidiosa and streptococcus viridans. pyruvate and, to a lesser extent, also citrate inactivate all the neuraminidases investigated independently of their activation by ca..ions. | 1975 | 806459 |
| partial purification and properties of somatic antigen spontaneously released from vibrio cholerae. | the supernatant fluids from cultures of vibrio cholerae grown for 40 h in an dialyzable medium were dialyzed, concentrated, and fractionated on agarose columns. the fractions containing most of the antigen which inhibited the vibriocidal activity of homologous antiserum were pooled, dialyzed, and concentrated to provide material with about 100 times the specific activity of the original culture supernatant. this material, containing 12 to 20% protein, 11 to 19% carbohydrate, and about 16% unboun ... | 1975 | 806532 |
| competitive effects of intestinal microflora on vibrio cholerae in gnotobiotic mice. | the coexistence of vibrio cholerae and several intestinal bacteria was determined in gnotobiotic mice. the bacteria tested included a bacteroides sp, clostridium difficile, clostridium perfringens type a, 2 separate isolates of escherichia coli, 2 different lactobacilli, 2 separate isolates of proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas maltophilia, and streptococcus faecalis. each species of bacteria became established and was recovered repeatedly from the stools during the studies. no single strain or spec ... | 1975 | 807775 |
| [characteristics of the immunogenic properties of cholerogen-anatoxin according to gel precipitation reactions and quantity of reducing sugars]. | the authors suggest the use of determination of the titre of the diffuse precipitation in gel test with the o-cholera serum, and the content of reducing sugars after hagedorn-jensen to characterize the antibacterial properties of the cholerogen-toxoid preparation along with (or instead of) the active mouse protection (au50) test used earlier, because a close correlative association was established between them. no correlative association proved to exist between the vibriocidal antibody titre of ... | 1975 | 808056 |
| experimental studies on cholera immunization. 4. the antibody response to formalinized vibrio cholerae and purified endotoxin with special reference to protective capacity. | the primary and secondary antibody responses in rabbits, intravenously immunized with formalin-killed vibrio cholerae, were studied with regard to amount, immunoglobulin class distribution and binding qualities of the antibodies to the bacterial endotoxin. further the protective capacity of antisera and purified antibodies against experimental cholera infection was analyzed and related to the in vitro characteristics of the immune preparations. for the employed 1,000-fold varied range of bacteri ... | 1975 | 808500 |
| proceedings: interrelationships between cholera toxin, cholera toxoid, and cellular immunity. | | 1975 | 808659 |
| studies of the subunit structure of choleragen. | the two choleragen protein constituents were isolated and characterized. protein i has a molecular weight of approximately 54000. it consists of subunits of approximate molecular weight 10000. protein ii with molecular weight of approximately 32000 is cleaved by 2-mercaptoethanol into two fragments, protein ii1 (n-terminal asx, mr = 25000) and protein ii2 (n-terminal ser, mr = 7000). proteins ii1 and ii2 could be recombined by oxidation to yield protein ii. upon treatment of choleragem with 2-me ... | 1975 | 809284 |
| intestinal absorption, exocrine pancreatic function and response to vibrio cholerae infection in protein deficient patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas). | six patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) were fed a protein-free diet. sixteen animals of the same species received a standard monkey diet. the protein-depleted patas showed reduced absorption of folic acid but not d-xylose, and 5 out of 6 had a decrease in the exocrine pancreatic function. animals with reduced folic acid absorption and pancreatic enzyme production developed a longer lasting diarrhoea and excreted the microorganisms for a longer time when challenged with vibrio cholerae. | 1975 | 809870 |
| disinfectant effect of performic acid. | 1. performic acid applied at short exposures to various kinds of microorganisms known for their resistance shows a strong bactericidal and sporicidal effect. 2. in addition to disinfection of hands and other parts of the body, the preparation could be used for the disinfection of various surfaces and objects. | 1975 | 810511 |
| [a new vaccinating antigenic fraction obtained from "vibrio cholerae" i.--isolation and characterization of the new fraction (author's transl)]. | starting from a lysate of vibrio cholerae, the authors isolated by column chromatography an antigen called ch1+2 which is characterized by a double line of precipitation by the double gel diffusion technique. (results of inoculation into animals and humans are given in the following communication). | 1975 | 811146 |
| [a new vaccinating antigenic fraction obtained from "vibrio cholerae" ii. biological properties of the ch1+2 fraction compared with the bacterial vaccine (author's transl)]. | this fraction inoculated into mice protects against experimental infection. this fraction induces in various experimental animals serological modifications which are characterized by a rise in the vibriocidal effect of the serum. controlled experiments in animals and humans showed that the vibriocidal effect is greater than the one obtained by the bacterial vaccine and persist far more longer. the vibriocidal power of the serum can also be obtained at titers relatively high when the fraction is ... | 1975 | 811147 |
| [the cholera syndrome - pathogenesis and pathogens (author's transl)]. | the same pathomechanism underlies both classical cholera and the enteritides due to nonagglutinating (nag) vibrios and a few types of e. coli. a heat-labile enterotoxin activates the adenocyclase. this stimulates the cells of the small intestine to secrete ions and water, the immune reaction in the intestine is retarded and the production of gastric juice is reduced. neuraminidase potentiates these reactions by opening additional enterotoxin receptors. endotoxin is a further pathogenetic factor. ... | 1976 | 814420 |
| escherichia coli enterotoxin: purification, partial characterization, and immunological observations. | enterotoxin, a diarrhea-inducing protein elaborated by pathogenic escherichia coli strains, was isolated from the supernate of fermenter cultures of e. coli strain p263, a porcine enteropathogen. purification involved chromatography and preparative isotachophoresis. the resulting product appeared to be pure according to immunoelectrophoretic, disc electrophoretic, ultracentrifugal, and immunologic criteria. the enterotoxin had an apparent molecular weight of 102,000 daltons, and its isoelectric ... | 1976 | 815447 |
| chemistry of cholera toxin: the subunit structure. | the toxin of vibrio cholerae was separated into two subunits by gel filtration on sephadex g-75 in 5% formic acid. the subunits were designated a and b. amino acid analysis indicated that subunit b corresponded to choleragenoid. renatured subunit b was found to be antigenically identical to the whole molecule, whereas renatured subunit a was not. on reduction and s-carboxymethylation with [2-14c] iodoacetate in 8 m urea, subunit a separated into two polypeptides of unequal sizes, a1 and a2, with ... | 1976 | 815448 |
| size and structure of the cholera toxin molecule and its subunits. | cholera toxin (choleragen) dissociated into two types of subunit with molecular weights estimated to be 28,000 daltons (a) and 11,000 daltons (b); this dissociation was effected by gel filtration at acid ph with or without urea. subunit a could be separated into two fragments, a1 (23,000 daltons) and a2 (about 2,500 daltons), after reduction and alkylation. choleragenoid (68,000 daltons) appeared to be a polymerized form of subunit b. a-specific antigen was found in choleragen as well as in a1 a ... | 1976 | 815449 |
| the subunits of cholera toxin: structure, stoichiometry, and function. | the toxin of vibrio cholerae dissociates into subunit a and an aggregate of subunit b (choleragenoid); the dissociation is rapid under denaturing conditions and slow at neutral ph. subunit a has a molecular weight of 27,000 daltons (measured by sedimentation equilibrium or gel chromatography) and has two polypeptide chains (mol wt, approximately 22,000 and 5,000 daltons) joined by disulfide bonds. the molecular weight of subunit b in 6 m guanidine hydrochloride is 14,000 daltons when determined ... | 1976 | 815450 |
| [respect for biological balance in the treatment of liquid waste with a new disinfectant]. | | 1975 | 815893 |
| the differentiation of an adult's bloodstain from that of a child using an indirect fluorescent antibody technique. | a procedure is described for the detection of specific antimicrobial antibodies in bloodstains. the technique is described and the relationship between antibody concentration and the age of the doner is reported. it is shown that, provided foetal blood can be excluded, an unknown bloodstain may be identified as that of a person over 15 years with a high degree of confidence. | 1975 | 817999 |
| nutritional status: a determinant of severity of diarrhea in patients with cholera. | the severity of diarrhea and nutritional status were measured in a prospective study of 97 patients hospitalized with cholera in dacca, bangladesh. ninety-five percent of both adults and children were below their respective medians in weight as related to height; greater than 15% of each group showed second-degree protein-calorie malnutrition. duration of diarrhea, but no volume of stool per hour, was prolonged by 30%-70% in those adults and children suffering from more severe malnutrition. the ... | 1976 | 820813 |
| lectin and cholera toxin binding to guinea pig tumor (104c1) cell surfaces before and after glycosphingolipid incorporation. | | 1976 | 822849 |
| preparation of a purified antigenic cholera toxoid. | purified cholera enterotoxin was prepared by methods described by finkelstein and lo spalluto (1970). this toxin was detoxified by treatment with heat and formaldehyde. heating cholera toxin at 60 c for 25 min resulted in the formation of a polymer named procholeragenoid by finkelstein et al. (1971). the weak toxic activity of this product was removed by treatment with formalin. no residual toxicity could be demonstrated in formalinized procholeragenoid by the rabbit ileal loop assay and the hig ... | 1976 | 823107 |
| development of a purified cholera toxoid. iii. refinements in purification of toxin and methods for the determination of residual somatic antigen. | the addition of an ultrafiltration step to the purification procedures previously described for cholera toxin (rappaport et al., (1974) permitted the preparation of highly purified antigenic toxoids essentially free of somatic antigen(s). the purity of such toxoids is established: (i) by the absence of more than about one part limulus amebocyte lysate (lal)-positive endotoxin per 10(5) parts toxoid and (ii) by the inability of the toxoids to elicit a significant rise in rabbit vibriocidal antib ... | 1976 | 823117 |
| [role of l-forms of bacteria and mycoplasma in the etiology and pathogenesis of several acute and chronic diseases]. | | 1976 | 823732 |
| [cholera]. | | 1976 | 824378 |
| an evaluation of commercial thiosulphate citrate bile salt sucrose agar (tcbs). | | 1976 | 825501 |
| malnutrition and susceptibility to infection with vibrio cholerae in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). 1. induction of protein, b-vitamin complex and calorie malnutrition. | five groups of eight vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) were fed regular monkey chow, low protein (lp), low b-vitamin complex (lbv), low protein - low b-vitamin complex (lb-lbv), or protein - low calorie (lp-lc) diet, respectively, for eight weeks. hematocrit values, hemoglobin, bun, total protein, albumin, riboflavin and body weight decreased, the ratio of dispensable/indispensable amino acids increased in all animals receiving a deficient diet. total globulin, igg and igm remained unchang ... | 1976 | 826634 |
| malnutrition and susceptibility to infection with vibrio cholerae in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). 2. response of vervet monkeys on protein, b-vitamin complex and calorie-deficient diets to infection. | five groups of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) were fed regular monkey chow, low protein (lp), low b-vitamin complex (lbv), lp-lbv, or low protein- low calorie (lp-lc) diets, respectively. after eight weeks the animals were infected with cholera vibrios. igg, iga and igm increased in the sera of all animals after the challenge but the avidity of the immunoglobulins was lower in vervets on lp diets. diarrhea and excretion of vibrios lasted longer in animals consuming less protein. | 1976 | 828672 |
| effectiveness of neuraminidase in experimental immunotherapy of two murine pulmonary carcinomas. | the effects of direct intratumoral inoculation with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase and inoculation of tumor-bearing mice with tumor cells incubated with neuraminidase in vitro were studied in c57bl/6 x dba/2 f1 mice bearing s.c.-transplanted, methylcholanthrene-induced pulmonary squamous cell or lewis lung carcinomas. the growth of the squamous cell tumor was more greatly inhibited by both treatments than was the lewis lung tumor. in the squamous cell tumor-bearing mice, both modes of neuraminida ... | 1977 | 830425 |
| activation of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway by injection of cholera enterotoxin into the substantia nigra. | twenty-four hours after unilateral injection of cholera enterotoxin into the rat substantia nigra there is an increase, in the striatum on the injected side, of basal adenylate cyclase activity, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. moreover, there is an increase of motor activity, and rats tend to circle contralateral to the side of the injection. injection of cholera enterotoxin into brain nuclei may be a useful procedure for pharmacologically activating sel ... | 1977 | 831258 |
| primary structure of cholera toxin beta-chain: a glycoprotein hormone analog? | the completed sequence of the beta-chain of cholera toxin (103 amino acid residues) was compared to the beta-chains of chorionic gonadotropin, thyrotropin, luteinizing, and follicle stimulating hormones. the overall chemical similarity of the toxin beta-chain to the hormones was not statistically different from random; however, a comparison of the first 40 residues of the toxin beta-chain to the glycoprotein hormones revealed a segment of the hormones which was significantly chemically similar. ... | 1977 | 831277 |
| trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in the treatment of cholera. comparison with tetracycline and chloramphenicol. | 67 of the bacteriologically proved adult acute cholera patients have been examined in order to evaluate the efficacy of tm-smx in comparison with tetracycline and chloramphenicol in the eradication of vibrio cholerae from stools. our results demonstrated that all three drugs sterilized the stools of all patients within 3 days with the exception of one case of tm-smx's group, which had negative culture stools after 4 days. on the basis of our experience it can be emphasized that tm-smx can suppor ... | 1977 | 832549 |
| effect of the a and b protomers of choleragen on release of trapped glucose from liposomes containing or lacking ganglioside gm1. | liposomes containing trapped glucose were used to examine the interaction of the a and b protomers of choleragen with ganglioside gm1 and lipid model membranes. the b protomer (choleragenoid) was as effective as choleragen in causing release of trapped glucose from liposomes containing gm1; the a protomer did not release glucose from gm1 liposomes. neither choleragen nor the a or b protomers caused release of trapped glucose from glycolipid-free liposomes. anti-choleragen and complement, however ... | 1977 | 833153 |
| functional and metabolic properties of human asialofibrinogen. | the role of sialic acid in the functional and metabolic properties of purified human fibrinogen was investigated. fibrinogen treated with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase released 90 percent of its sialic acid without evidence of proteolysis, as indicated by the presence of intace a alpha, b beta, and gamma chains on sodium dodecylsulfate (sds)-polyacrylamide gels of the reduced asialoprotein. the thrombin and reptilase clotting times of human asialofibrinogen were shortened compared to those of no ... | 1977 | 833473 |
| the effect of anaerobiosis and bile salts on the growth and toxin production by vibrio cholerae. | environemntal conditions which might be present in the human intestinal lumen, such as anaerobiosis, a temperature of 37 degrees c and the presence of bile salts, were examined for their effects on the growth and toxin production by vibrio cholerae strains 569b and b1307 in syncase and in peptone water media. using aerobic conditions at 30 degrees c, which are commonly used for enterotoxin production, toxin (5 mug ml(-1)) and pleomorphic cells were detected during the exponential phase of the gr ... | 1977 | 833574 |
| interactions of intestinal lymph flow and secretion. | the relationship between lymph flow and intestinal secretion was studied in an isolated, vascularly perfused cat ileal preparation in which secretion was caused by three different means: 1) plasma dilution from a constant infusion of tyrode solution (2.5 ml/min per kg), 2) elevation of intestinal venous pressure to 30 mmhg, and 3) exposure to cholera toxin. in the plasma-dilution group, lymph flow attained a peak value of 38 times control at 60-90 min following the onset of the infusion, after w ... | 1977 | 835698 |
| primary structure of cholera toxin b-subunit. | | 1977 | 836280 |
| effect of protonated 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine, a tight junction blocker, on intestinal transport in dog ileum in vivo. | previous in vitro experiments suggest that protonated 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (tap+) inhibits passive na+ movement across tight junctions of various epithelial tissues. so far no evidence has been found that tap+ interferes with other mucosal transport processes. because blockage of the tight junctions would be a promising tool in studying intestinal transport physiology, the effect of tap+ was investigated in the dog ileum in vivo. when tap+ was added to a sodium-free mannitol solution, the tr ... | 1977 | 838223 |
| purification of flagellar cores of vibrio cholerae. | a procedure is described for the purification of the cores of flagella sheared from vibrio cholerae. v. cholerae is a monotrichous organism whose flagellar core (fc) is enclosed within a sheath. the purification procedure consists of several cycles of differential centrifugation and cesium chloride density-gradient ultracentrifugation in the presence of a neutral detergent, triton x-100. purity of the fc preparations is assessed by electron microscopy, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and che ... | 1977 | 838680 |