| [main theme i. antibiotics - resistance of infection--nosocomial infections. properties of chemotherapeutics and their influence on the body-specific flora]. | | 1977 | 876135 |
| [epidemiological and bacteriological studies on the problem of nosocomial infections due to klebsiella in an intensive care unit for newborn infants]. | | 1977 | 876143 |
| [control of nosocomial infections: disinfection of hands]. | | 1977 | 876144 |
| [endotoxins: a neglected environmental factor]. | the effects of bacterial endotoxins are well known form an experimental and clinical point of view. their presence in the environment in general and their possible role for the development of clinical symptoms at low exposure levels has been less studied. experimental and epidemiological evidence for such effects are reviewed with reference to particular environments where this exposure might be present. | 1977 | 878658 |
| clavulanic acid: a beta-lactamase-inhiting beta-lactam from streptomyces clavuligerus. | a novel beta-lactamase inhibitor has been isolated from streptomyces clavuligerus atcc 27064 and given the name clavulanic acid. conditions for the cultivation of the organism and detection and isolation of clavulanic acid are described. this compound resembles the nucleus of a penicillin but differs in having no acylamino side chain, having oxygen instead of sulfur, and containing a beta-hydroxyethylidine substituent in the oxazolidine ring. clavulanic acid is a potent inhibitor of many beta-la ... | 1977 | 879738 |
| in vitro studies on netilmicin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic. | netilmicin, a semisynthetic derivative of sisomicin, was tested in vitro against 600 clinical bacterial isolates. at a concentration of 1.56 mug/ml, over 90% of gram-negative bacilli were inhibited. netilmicin was substantially more active against isolates of serratia marcescens and enterobacter spp. than gentamicin, sisomicin, tobramycin, or amikacin. isolates of staphylococcus aureus (both penicillin g susceptible and resistant) were quite susceptible to netilmicin. most isolates of klebsiella ... | 1977 | 879746 |
| penetration of cefazolin into pleural fluid. | single doses of cefazolin, 500 mg intramuscularly and 1 g intravenously, were administered to 16 patients having lung pathology who were scheduled for thoracic fluid aspiration. pleural fluid and serum samples were taken at intervals of 30 to 240 min for determination of cefazolin levels. the levels obtained were variable; however, the levels of cefazolin in pleural fluid generally exceeded the reported minimal inhibitory concentration values for staphylococcus pneumoniae and staphylococcus, and ... | 1977 | 879748 |
| serologic relationship of fimbriae among enterobacteriaceae. | the existence of serological relationship of fimbriae among serotypes of the same genus and among genera of enterobacteriaceae was determined by agglutination and absorption procedures. it was found that fimbriae of different serotypes of the same genus and among the genera a) escherichia, shigella and klebsiella, and b) salmonella, arizona and citrobacter were more or less antigentically related. no relationship was found among fimbriae of the edwardsiella, enterobacter, hafnia, serratia, prote ... | 1977 | 880000 |
| subphrenic abscess. the new epidemiology. | recent changes in the etiology, topography, and bacteriology of subphrenic abscess are identified in 93 patients treated between 1955 and 1975. gastric and biliary tract operation account for 52% of abscesses. appendicitis is now responsible for only 8% of subphrenic infections, in contrast with the 40% of previous reports. colonic surgery (19%) and trauma (8%) are increasing in importance. left-sided abscesses occur in 40%, and multiple space abscesses in 20% of patients. the bacterial flora co ... | 1977 | 880040 |
| electrical impedance measurements in the reading and monitoring of broth dilution susceptibility tests. | electrical impedance changes in the medium were studied during traditional broth dilution tests. tests involved clinical isolates of escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter sp., klebsiella, and enterococcus and ten antibiotics. minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) values from overnight visual readings were compared with mic values determined from electrical impedance end points, using inocula of 10(6) organisms per ml. ninety-three percent of the results w ... | 1977 | 883819 |
| bacterial or nonbacterial pneumonia: accuracy of radiographic diagnosis. | the initial chest radiographs of 31 patients with laboratory-proved pneumonia were evaluated by a panel of 6 radiologists who had no prior knowledge of the clinical data. no statistical reliability was found for distinguishing bacterial from nonbacterial pneumonia. radiographic diagnoses were 67% accurate for the 16 cases of bacterial pneumonia, and 65% accurate for the 9 viral cases. six cases of mycoplasma pneumonia were diagnosed as nonbacterial 19% of the time, and as "bacterial pneumonia" 8 ... | 1977 | 887748 |
| numerical taxonomy and ecology of petroleum-degrading bacteria. | a total of 99 strains of petroleum-degrading bacteria isolated from chesapeake bay water and sediment were identified by using numerical taxonomy procedures. the isolates, together with 33 reference cultures, were examined for 48 biochemical, cultural, morphological, and physiological characters. the data were analyzed by computer, using both the simple matching and the jaccard coefficients. clustering was achieved by the unweighted average linkage method. from the sorted similarity matrix and d ... | 1977 | 889329 |
| massive pulmonary gangrene. | a 49-year-old man suffered massive necrosis of the lung subsequent to a pneumococcal lobar pneumonia. development of massive hemoptysis required emergency lobectomy. the patient is doing well six months after surgery. pulmonary gangrene is a rare but grave complication of the lobar pneumonia. both pneumococcal and klebsiella pneumonias may progress to massive pulmonary gangrene despite antibiotic treatment. survival seems to depend on the surgical removal of the necrotic tissue, which removes th ... | 1977 | 897747 |
| nosocomial infection rates at a general army hospital. | an eighteen month study of the incidence of nosocomial infections was conducted at a 436 bed general army hospital. the overall rate of nosocomial infection was 1.48 per cent, with a monthly range of 0.42 to 2.30 per cent. gynecology had the highest rate of 5.8 per cent. escherichia coli, klebsiella, and staphylococcus aureus were the major hospital pathogens. no emergence of unusual drug resistance was observed during the course of the study. further studies should be conducted to establish gui ... | 1977 | 900340 |
| structural studies on the klebsiella o group 12 lipopolysaccharide. | | 1977 | 902268 |
| [an autopsy case of klebsiella pneumonia, with mutiple massive nodular shadows accompanied by cavity formation (author's transl)]. | | 1977 | 904099 |
| in vitro activity of cefaclor, a new orally administered cephalosporin antibiotic. | the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefaclor, cephalothin, and cephalexin against 261 clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus and enterobacteriaceae was compared. cefaclor and cephalexin were about equally active against s. aureus. cefaclor was the most active cephalosporin against escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, and klebsiella pneumoniae. the effect on the antimicrobial activity using a relatively high and low inoculum was pronounced for cefaclor when compared with that of cephalothi ... | 1977 | 907337 |
| bacteriuria in patients with spinal cord lesions: its relationship to urinary drainage appliances. | urine cultures from spinal cord injuried patients demonstrate a high incidence of bacteriuria, with patterns of bacteriuria varying with the mode of drainage. the highest incidence of positive cultures occurs in patients with indwelling or suprapubic catheters, and the lowest in patients who are appliance-free. the organisms occurring most frequently differ from those of the general hospital population as reported by needham, smith and matsen. there is an increase in the incidence of pseudomonas ... | 1977 | 907447 |
| ankylosing spondylitis: klebsiella and hl-a b27. | a search for the presence of klebsiella-enterobacter spp. and yersinia enterocolitica in urine and faeces of 63 patients with ankylosing spondylitis was conducted because these microorganisms have been demonstrated to cross-react immunologically with hl-a b27 positive lymphocytes. the patients were graded into three groups on the basis of disease activity. klebsiella spp. were found in the faeces of 13 (93%) of the 14 patients with 'active' disease, 10 (48%) of the 21 patients with 'probably act ... | 1977 | 910095 |
| plasmids mediating resistance to gentamicin and other antibiotics in enterobacteriaceae from four hospitals in melbourne. | in twenty-nine gentamicin-resistant strains (mostly klebsiella species) isolated from four melbourne hospitals over a six month period, the genes for gentamicin resistance were carried on conjugative plasmids belonging to the rare incompatibility group l. these plasmids conferred resistance to gentamicin and sisomycin but not to amikacin or tobramycin, and were inferred to specify the enzyme aminoglycoside 3-n-acetyltransferase (aac(3)i or gat i). in addition, they specified resistance to a numb ... | 1977 | 911282 |
| [microbiological pollution of the environment due to breeding. i. enterobacteriaceae due to cattle breeding]. | enterobacteriaceae from faeces of cattle belonging to four cattle farms situated in the ferrara district were investigated. at the same time, investigation was made of effluent sewage and recipient wells (upstream and downstream). the cattle (of the italian frisona breed) resulted uncontaminated by salmonellae, but proved to be very susceptible to arizona, citrobacter, shigella and s. gallinarum-pullorum infections, coming from the environment. predominant species in faeces were as follows: prot ... | 1977 | 911464 |
| structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide of klebsiella type 37. | | 1977 | 912695 |
| [the limits of tetracycline treatment in infections of the vagina (author's transl)]. | the minimal inhibition concentration of tetracycline was tested in 177 strains of gram positive and gram negative species of bacteria from the vagina which were found to be resistant to tetracycline in the agardiffusion test. 170 of the 177 strains (96%) were inhibited with a tetracycline concentration of 512 microgram/ml. six klebsiella-enterobacter strains and one proteus morgaini strain needed a minimal inhibition concentration of 1024 microgram/ml. for a successful local treatment of vaginit ... | 1977 | 914023 |
| microbiological turbidimetric methods: linearization of antibiotic and vitamin standard curves. | procedures were devised to linearize the usually curved calibration lines for turbidimetric microbiological assays. three new equations relating concentration of drug and turbidity are described; two are for antibiotic assays and one for vitamin assays. one equation is for antibiotic assays employing klebsiella pneumoniae as the test organism. the accuracy of interpolation from the three equations was studied by means of appropriate mathematical models based on erthromycin, chlortetracycline (k. ... | 1977 | 915723 |
| the effect of oxidized regenerated cellulose on experimental intravascular infection. | two groups of dogs had aortotomies and insertion of a teflon patch. one group had the area of the aorta with the patch wrapped with oxidized regenerated cellulose (orc); the other group served as a control. both groups of animals were infected with s. aureus intravenously immediately after removal of the aortic clamps. the animals which had orc wrapping of the aorta had significantly lower bacterial counts at the time of death than did the untreated group. this was measured from an hour after ch ... | 1977 | 918847 |
| [role of several conditionally-pathogenic enterobacteria in group acute intestinal diseases and food poisonings of unestablished etiology]. | results of studying group acute intestinal diseases of obscure (from the point of view of isolation of commonly known pathogenic bacteria of enteric family) etiology coursing by the type of food poisoning, in which conditioned pathogenic enterobacteria (enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella) demonstrated that the occurrence of these diseases was connected with ingestion of the same food product infected with the mentioned bacteria due to disturbance of the sanitary-epidemic regimen and rules of food ... | 1977 | 919924 |
| alterations of the gas exchange apparatus in adult respiratory insufficiency associated with septicemia. | | 1977 | 921049 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of t-1220, a new semisynthetic penicillin. | t-1220, sodium 6-[d-(-)-alpha-(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxo-1-piperazinylcarbonyl-amino)- alpha-phenylacetamido] penicillanate, is a new semisynthetic penicillin derivative that possesses a broad spectrum of in vitro antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. t-1220 is more effective than carbenicillin (cb-pc) against pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus species, and serratia marcescens. addition of human serum to culture media did not significantly alter the ... | 1977 | 921239 |
| comparison of in vitro antibacterial activity of three oral cephalosporins: cefaclor, cephalexin, and cephradine. | cefaclor, a new oral cephalosporin, was compared in vitro with cephalexin and cephradine against 233 organisms. evaluations were performed in mueller-hinton and nutrient broth and agar using two inoculum sizes. in agar, cefaclor had greater antibacterial activity than either cephalexin or cephradine against isolates of escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, and salmonella typhi. all three drugs were relatively inactive against isolates of enterococci, ... | 1977 | 921255 |
| in vitro activities of five oral cephalosporins against aerobic pathogenic bacteria. | cefaclor (lilly 99638) and cefatrizine (bl-s640, sk&f 70771) are orally absorbed, broad-spectrum semisynthetic cephalosporins. they were compared in vitro with cephalexin, cephaloglycin, and cepharadine against a variety of aerobic pathogenic bacteria by an agar dilution procedure. cefaclor and cefatrizine were found to be similar or superior to cephalexin, cephaloglycin, and cephradine in terms of activity against gram-positive cocci other than enterococci. only cefatrizine demonstrated any pot ... | 1977 | 921258 |
| a new pencillin with anti-klebsiella activity: 3-(5-tetrazolyl) penam. | the in vitro activity of a new semi-synthetic penicillin, cp-35,587, 3-(5-tetrazolyl) penam, was investigated against 496 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and 113 clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci. all of the gram-positive cocci were sensitive to cp-35,587 except penicillin g resistant isolates of staphylococcus aureus. this antibiotic inhibited a majority of isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp. and proteus mirabilis at a concentration of 6.25 microgram/ml. also, approx ... | 1977 | 924895 |
| nosocomial infections in intensive care patients: the problem and approaches to its solution. | | 1977 | 927620 |
| [klebsiella enteritis and carrier state in low birth weight infants]. | | 1977 | 927819 |
| antimicrobial sensitivity of aerobic gram-negative rods isolated from bovin udder infections. | antimicrobial sensitivity of 214 aerobic gram-negative rods recovered from infected bovine mammary glands was determined. seventeen antimicrobial agents were used. more than 90% of the cultures were sensitive to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and polymyxin b. these 3 antimicrobials are not approved for infusion into the bovine mammary gland. escherichia coli was most sensitive to the 17 antimicrobials, and in decreasing sequence, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter spp, enterobacter spp, and proteu ... | 1977 | 931132 |
| highly specific bacteriophage-associated polysaccharide hydrolases for klebsiella aerogenes type 8. | two phage-bound polysaccharide hydrolases specific for klebsiella aerogenes type 8 exopolysaccharides were isolated. each enzyme was specific for the polysaccharide produced by the host strain. one enzyme hydrolysed a pyruvylated and acetylated polymer, while the other only acted on the substrate lacking these substituents. both enzymes were endogalactosidases releasing tetrasaccharides from their substrates which were only hydrolysed to a limited extent. | 1976 | 932688 |
| triamcinolone-induced systemic infections in female mice. | six-week-old female mice were injected for prolonged periods of time with a synthetic glucocorticoid (triamcinolone diacetate). with the progression of the experiment the mortality rate increased significantly. tissue samples were obtained from the surviving animals after 10, 22, 35 and 45 consecutive daily injections. cultures were obtained from kidney and liver homogenates as well as from blood samples. quantitative measurements indicated severe renal and hepatic infections which were followed ... | 1976 | 932874 |
| [bacteriological studies on doxycycline (bonnamycin 'cipan') (author's transl)]. | bonnamycin which is a new tetracycline group antibiotic isolated from a variant strain of streptomyces rimosus and is identified chemically as doxycycline was investigated, comparing with tetracycline. the results are as follows: (1) in in vitro studies of anti-bacterial spectrum, doxycycline is widely effective against standard strains kept in our department. (2) the distribution of susceptibility of 75 staphylococci, 62 salmonella and 64 shigella strains isolated from clinical materials was si ... | 1976 | 933344 |
| [clinical results with doxycycline (bonnamycin 'cipan') in bacterial pneumonia (author's transl)]. | | 1976 | 933345 |
| [a flavinogenic mutant of the yeast pichia guilliermondii with impaired iron transport]. | a mutant of the yeast pichia guilliermondii was produced by means of uv; the mutant was capable of riboflavin overproduction in the presence of high concentrations of iron in the medium. the content of total and non-hemin iron and cytochrome c, and the activity of catalase, were lower in the cells of the mutant than in the parent cells, while the activity of riboflavin synthetase was higher. the content of iron in the cells increased when the mutant was cultivated on media with citric acid, side ... | 1976 | 933879 |
| letter: gentamicin-resistant klebsiella in a large general hospital. | | 1976 | 933949 |
| the incidence and pattern of sepsis among general surgical in-patients at muhimbili hospital, dar es salaam, 1973. | | 1976 | 939182 |
| extracellular and protease-released pullulanases. | the extracellular form of pullulanase (ec 3.2.1.41) from klebsiella aerogenes has been purified to homogeneity by successive chromatography through diethylaminoethyl-cellulose, sephadex g-200, and 1,6-diaminohexane-sepharose. in addition, the cell-bound form of pullulanase has been released by the action of a serine endopeptidase obtained from pronase and purified to apparent homogeneity. protease-released pullulanase has a slightly larger molecular weight and a specific activity over twice that ... | 1976 | 942714 |
| microbial skin flora of selected cancer patients and hospital personnel. | the bacterial flora of the skin from five anatomical sites on 10 leukemia patients, 10 patients with malignant melanoma, and a control group of 10 medical personnel was examined quantitatively and qualitatively. this was done to determine whether malignant disease results in changes in skin flora and to establish carrier rates of gram-negative bacteria on the skin of personnel in hospital environments. gram-negative bacteria were isolated more frequently (74 isolates from 100 cultures) from the ... | 1976 | 943418 |
| neonatal septic arthritis. | neonatal septic arthritis of the knee was encountered in nine infants during a two-year period, representing an incidence of 16.5 per 1,000 admissions to a neonatal intensive care unit. the etiologic agents included staphylococcus aureus (3), klebsiella (1), streptococcus, group b (2), and candida albicans (3). two infants with systemic fungal infection died. arthritis was the presenting feature of neonatal septicemia in three of six infants with bacterial infection and was accompanied by osteom ... | 1976 | 943494 |
| isolation of ioxynil degraders from soil-enrichment cultures. | a soil enrichment technique was used to isolate microorganisms which could degrade ioxynil (3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile). many isolates obtained were able to degrade ioxynil to various products. however, only a fungal isolate (fusarium solani) and a gram-negative bacterium (klebsiella ozaenae) released 14co2 from ring-labeled ioxynil. no appreciable degradation was detected in pure cultures without the addition of exogenous nutrients. results indicated that the degradation of ioxynil to co2 ... | 1976 | 944081 |
| [studies on the antibacterial activity of the combination sulfamoxole/trimethoprim (cn 3123) (author's transl)]. | after giving a survey on the situation of antibiotic resistance in the region of northern bavaria during 1973/74 and comparing the activity of a sulfamethoxazole (smz) trimethoprim (tmp) combination to other commonly used antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents, the results of tests with the new combination of n1-(4,5-dimethyl-2-oxazolyl)-sulfanilamide) (sulfamoxole) and 2,4-diamino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzyl)-pyrimidine (trimethoprim) at a ratio of 5:1 (cn 3123; nevin, supristol) are compared t ... | 1976 | 947327 |
| charateristics of klebsiella from textile finishing plant effluents. | | 1976 | 948107 |
| [pathogenicity of k. ozaenae for mice and chick embryos]. | the authors tested the virulence of k. ozaenae--its old museum strains, the freshly isolated ones and those passaged on meat-peptone agar; experiments were carried out on mice and chick embryos. to mice the culture was administered intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, intranasally, and to embryos--into the allantoic cavity and on the chorioallantoic membrane. irrespective of the method of administration, the freshly isolated strains were highly virulent both for mice and for chick embryos. the vir ... | 1976 | 948947 |
| mecillinam, a novel penicillanic acid derivative with unusual activity against gram-negative bacteria. | the in vitro activity of mecillinam, a 6 beta-amidinopenicillanic acid derivative, was investigated. mecillinam is not active against most gram-positive coccal or bacilliary forms. many members of the enterobacteriaceae are inhibited, with 86% of escherichia coli, 71% of klebsiella, 62% of enterobacter, 75% of salmonella, 69% of shigella, and 70% of citrobacter inhibited by 6.3 mug/ml. indole-positive proteus and serratia were generally resistant as are pseudomonas strains. although mecillinam i ... | 1976 | 949176 |
| structural studies on the capsular polysaccharide of klebisiella strain 6412. | | 1976 | 949717 |
| action of stannous and stannic chlorides on bacteria. | stannous or stannic chlorides reduced the growth rate of k. aerogenes, ps. reptilovora and an unidentified bacterium in a minimal liquid medium and on agar plates. the greatest effect was observed with k. aerogenes and was accompanied by a decreased viability, but 100% survival occurred with other strains. the metal was loosely bound to the cells and there was no direct correlation between the amount adsorbed and the biological response. | 1976 | 955015 |
| assay of gentamicin in cerebrospinal fluid. | a comparison of standard curves obtained from a conventional plate diffusion assay method revealed significant differences when gentamicin standards were made up in different media. standards made up in distilled water resulted in a curve which differed from that of standards made up in pooled human cerebrospinal fluid by a factor of up to 4. when the assay medium was supplemented with 0-5% sodium chloride, the difference between the two standard curves was reduced to a factor of about 1-5. the ... | 1976 | 956457 |
| klebsiella densities in waters receiving wood pulp effluents. | | 1976 | 957514 |
| [etiologic role of klebsiella in children with acute intestinal diseases]. | a study was made of possible etiological association between klebsiellae and acute enteric diseases in children of creches age. the mean frequency of isolation of klebsiellae from these children constituted 22.3%, and from somatic patients - 38.5%. both in the patients with enteric diseases and in somatic patients with intestinal disturbances the appearance of klebsiellae was preceded by oher diseases or by prolonged treatment with antibiotics leading to reduction of general resistance of the or ... | 1976 | 961268 |
| stool bacterial aerobic overgrowth in the small intestine of children with acute diarrhoea. | the aerobic flora of 2 groups of children (normal and with malnutrition) with acute diarrhoea was studied, by intubation of the upper and middle small intestine and by stool culture. all the 27 children studied presented bacterial concentrations of 10(5) germs/ml at one or both levels studied. in 9 cases enteropathogen bacteria e were isolated from stools, and in 6 of these they were also found in the small intestine. the results show the elevated incidence of overgrowth of the small intestinal ... | 1976 | 961412 |
| 4-o-[(s)-1-carboxyethyl]-d-glucuronic acid: a component of the klebsiella type 37 capsular polysaccharide. | | 1976 | 963700 |
| [effectiveness of antibiotic premedication in colonic surgery]. | the value of preoperative bowel preparation with antibiotics in colon surgery was studied in a prospective randomized trial: 58 patients received only mechanical and dietary preparation and 50 patients were treated additionally with a combination of neomycin and bacitracin 4 days preoperatively. bacteriologic studies of stools from the day before beginning of preparation and from the day before surgery which were done quantitatively per 1 gram stool revealed that the fecal flora of 90% of the pa ... | 1976 | 964056 |
| the use of tombramycin in the management of severe infections. clinical and pharmacological data. | tobramycin was used in the treatment of 35 severe infections. its clinical effectiveness was confirmed in broncho-pulmonary infections without septicemia and in septicemia without lung involvement. poor results were obtained in septicemia where the initial site 9 infection was in the lungs. this antibiotic appeared as a very good antistaphylococcal agent. in vitro superiority over gentamicin against pseudomonas was not be confirmed clinically. tobramycin deserves to be administered initially in ... | 1976 | 964273 |
| acute suppurative cholangitis secondary to calcific pancreatitis. | in the absence of calculi or carcinoma, the occurrence of acute suppurative cholangitis secondary to calcific pancreatitis is extremely rare. this report describes the successful management of acute suppurative cholangitis by surgical decompression and use of a new aminoglycoside, amikacin. | 1976 | 964577 |
| [on the hazards of nosocomial infections in dental treatment areas (author's transl)]. | using a standardized method of obtaining bacterial counts of surfaces by superficial application and subsequent incubation of agar lamina, density and kind of bacteria present were examined in treatment areas of both individual dentists praxis and of dental poli-clinics. the results obtained showed, that 1. typical bacteria of hospital infections (micrococcus aureus, klebsiella) were present in only small numbers in both individual dental praxis or in clinical dental treatment areas. 2. the medi ... | 1976 | 970021 |
| neutropenia and infection following cancer chemotherapy. | | 1976 | 972090 |
| bacteriocin (klebocin) sensitivity typing of klebsiella. | high-titer preparations of klebsiella bacteriocins (klebocins) were obtained by using mitomycin to induce standard strains of klebsiella. of 296 clinical isolates of klebsiella, 67% could be typed on the basis of their sensitivity to klebocins. the method proposed in this paper affords a standard basis for the further development of klebocin typing as a suitable procedure for hospital laboratories concerned with epidemiological investigations of hospital-associated infections. evidence is also p ... | 1976 | 972191 |
| tobramycin and cephalothin sodium in treatment of infected patients with acute leukemia. | tobramycin has been shown to be safe and effective when given intravenously in combination antibiotic therapy for infected patients with acute leukemia or other profound pancytopenic states. tobramycin in combination with one or more antibiotics (usually cephalothin) produced satisfactory clinical results in 21 of 30 episodes of fever. toxic effects were minimal and were limited to occasional mild thrombophlebitis. | 1976 | 972277 |
| emergence of gentamicin-resistant bacteria: experience with tobramycin therapy of infections due to gentamicin-resistant organisms. | a computerized system for testing and surveillance of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics was used in monitoring the emergence of gentamicin-resistant strains of aerobic and facultative gram-negative bacilli at massachusetts general hospital since the release of gentamicin for clinical use in 1971. during the period studied, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of gentamicin-resistant bacteria, particularly among pseudomonas, acinetobacter (herellea), and proteus and, more rece ... | 1976 | 972284 |
| evaluation of tobramycin in severe urinary tract infection. | twenty-five patients with severe urinary tract infections were treated with 3 mg of tobramycin/kg per day (given in two doses). susceptible organisms were escherichia coli, proteus, klebsiella, pseudomonas, streptococcus, and enterococcus. clincal conditions in which treatment produced excellent bacteriological results included a wide range of urological disorders; the most common were pyelonephritis, cystitis, and epididymo-orchitis, three patients had septicemia, and 12 had an infection that w ... | 1976 | 972285 |
| structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide from klebsiella type 1. | | 1976 | 975115 |
| an assessment of inositol fermentation by klebsiellae and its implication in screening media. | four patterns of inositol fermentation by different isolates of klebsiellae are described. inositol fermentation by some isolates may be modified by medium incorporation of acetoin and diacetyl. an inositol--hydrogen sulphide--motility medium, modified by reducing the ph value, increasing the inositol concentration, and the incorporation of acetoin, is described and evaluated as a means of detecting acid production by isolates showing different inositol fermentation patterns. | 1976 | 977784 |
| synergism between amikacin and cefazolin against klebsiella: in vitro studies and effect on the bactericidal activity of serum. | synergism between amikacin and cefazolin was studied in vitro in 20 strains of klebsiella isolated from clinical material. several techniques for the demonstration of synergism in vitro were employed. the checkerboard technique with use of bactericidal end points and the killing curves method showed synergism between amikacin and cefazolin for 13 and 15 strains, respectively. the two techniques were in accordance in 12 instances. the data obtained in vitro were correlated with the bactericidal a ... | 1976 | 977997 |
| impaired glucose flow in burned patients with gram-negative sepsis. | fifteen thermally injured patients with positive blood stream cultures for gram-negative organisms demonstrated a decreased mass flow of glucose through the glucose space when compared with 17 patients without sepsis studied at a comparable time after injury. amino acid concentrations determined in ten burned patients with sepsis and nine burned patients without sepsis revealed an increase in the gluconeogenic precursors alanine, glycine, methionine and phenylalanine in those patients with sepsi ... | 1976 | 982249 |
| [comparative study of ticarcillin and of carbenicillin as prophylactic treatment in the oncologic surgery of head and neck (author's transl)]. | the frequency of postoperative infections in oncologic head and neck surgery can be reduced by the prophylactic use of antibiotics. in order to assess such preventive treatments as to their advantages and disadvantages, a controlled clinical trial was undertaken. the prophylactic use of antibiotics was used in 107 patients, operated for tumors of the upper airway-digestive tract. according to a previous randomisation, the patients received either carbenicillin either ticarcillin. the efficiency ... | 1976 | 983629 |
| wound infection: a prospective study of 7519 operations. | wound infection was prospectively studied in 7,519 consecutive operations after preoperative classification as clean, clean-contaminated, and infected. the overall infection rate was 3.9 per cent. clean, 3.2 per cent; clean-contaminated, 4.4 per cent; contaminated, 12.4 per cent; infected, 16.2 per cent. wound infection was not seasonally related or dependent on changes in house staff. in clean cases, the predominant role of staphylococcus aureus (37%) has been superceded by enterococci (44%). i ... | 1976 | 984592 |
| laboratory evaluation of 3-(5-tetrazolyl) penam, a new semisynthetic beta-lactam antibacterial agent with extended broad-spectrum activity. | in the new agent 3-(5-tetrazolyl)penam, hereafter referred to as cp-35,587, the carboxyl function at c3 in the penicillin nucleus has been replaced with the 5-tetrazolyl moiety. marked changes in spectrum and resistance to gram-negative beta-lactamases, particularly with regard to klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, were conferred by this modification. the anti-klebsiella activity clearly distinguishes the antibacterial spectrum of cp-35,587 from any known broad-spectrum penicillin. compared to oral ... | 1976 | 984745 |
| in vitro activity of gentamicin and minocycline alone and in combination against bacteria associated with intra-abdominal sepsis. | the minimal inhibitory concentrations of gentamicin and minocycline alone and in combination were determined by a broth microdilution method for 100 aerobic, facultative, and anaerobic isolates representative of pathogens recovered from patients with intra-abdominal sepsis. gentamicin inhibited all strains of klebsiella, enterobacter, and pseudomonas aeruginosa in concentrations of 0.4 to 3.1 mug/ml and all strains of escherichia coli and proteus mirabilis in concentrations of 0.8 to 12.5 mug/ml ... | 1976 | 984755 |
| comparison of direct and standardized antimicrobial susceptibility testing of positive blood cultures. | in an effort to determine the feasibility and accuracy of performing direct susceptibility tests from positive blood cultures, minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics), determined by the agar dilution method, of direct and standardized tests with seven antibiotics were compared. results were analyzed as to the number of very major (change in mic from susceptible in preliminary direct testing to resistant in final standardized testing), major (change in mic from resistant to susceptible), and min ... | 1976 | 984763 |
| comparative activity in vitro of ticarcillin, bl-p1654, and carbenicillin. | the activity of ticarcillin, bl-p1654, and carbenicillin was compared in vitro using a microtiter tube dilution test in mueller-hinton broth against 50 recent clinical isolates each of staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella species, enterobacter species, proteus species, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. bactericidal end points were determined using a modified steers replicator. ticarcillin was generally two to four times more active against all organisms teste ... | 1976 | 984764 |
| comparison of activity of sisomicin and gentamicin in mouse protection tests with gram-negative bacilli. | the efficacy of sisomicin and gentamicin was compared in mouse protection studies against strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella sp., enterobacter aerogenes, serratia marcescens, proteus mirabilis, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. there was no significant difference in mortality of the mice in any of the protocol groups when five different dosages of sisomicin and gentamicin given by three separate schedules were compared for each bacterial inoculum in each antibiotic protocol. the mean protective d ... | 1976 | 984779 |
| comparison of the antibacterial activity of nine cephalosporins against enterobacteriaceae and nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli. | the in vitro antibacterial activity of nine cephalosporins (cephalothin, cephaloridine, cephalexin, cefazolin, cefamandole, cefuroxime, cefatrizine, cefoxitin, and cefazaflur) was determined against 344 strains of enterobacteriaceae and 99 nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli. cefamandole, cefazaflur, and cefuroxime were the most active cephalosporins against the enterobacteriaceae (with the exception of serratia marcescens). however, cefoxitin was the only cephalosporin that inhibited all 30 s ... | 1976 | 984801 |
| regulation of nitrogen fixation in rhizobium sp. | regulation of nitrogen fixation by ammonium and glutamate was examined in rhizobium sp. 32h1 growing in defined liquid media. whereas nitrogenase synthesis in klebsiella pneunoniae is normally completely repressed during growth on nh4+, nitrogenase activity was detected in cultures of rhizobium sp. grown with excess nh4+. however, an "ammonium effect" on activity was invariably observed in cultures grown on nh4+ as sole nitrogen source; the nitrogenase activity was, depending on conditions, 14 t ... | 1976 | 984826 |
| [two cases of craniolacunia associated with meningocele and meningoencephalocele (author's transl)-a1]. | craniolacunia (lacunar skull, luckenschadel) is characterized by multiple, round or oval, radiolucent defects, sharply separated by dense strip of bone (honey comb like configuration) which tend to cluster in the cranial vault on plain skull film. craniolacunia is present at birth and frequently associated with myelomeningocele, encephalocele or other congenital abnormalities of the central nervous system. patients with carniolacunia have high mortality due to these associated lesions, and to th ... | 1976 | 986572 |
| right upper quadrant gas shadows. | | 1976 | 989101 |
| septicemia in the newborn due to gram-negative bacilli. risk factors, clinical symptoms, and hematologic changes. | the case histories of 17 newborns developing septic shock due to gram-negative bacilli were studied for pre- and perinatal risk factors, clinical symptoms, and hematologic changes. immaturity, resuscitation procedures, and hypothermia on admission were found to be the risk factors most frequently preceding septicemia. a skin color fading and changing from reddish-pink to yellow-green was the most early noticeable clinical symptom in all patients. the total leukocyte counts as well as the relativ ... | 1976 | 991872 |
| studies on bactericidal activities of beta-lactam antibiotics on agar plates: the correlation with the antibacterial activities determined by the conventional methods. | a simplified method to determine minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimal bactericidal concentration (mbc) of beta-lactam antibiotics on agar plates is described. mic values were determined on agar plates for benzylpenicillin, methicillin and cephalothin using staphylococcus aureus and klebsiella pneumoniae. a beta-lactamase solution was then sprayed onto the plates to inactivate the drug(s). after further incubation at 37 degrees c overnight, the minimal concentration at which no test ... | 1976 | 993109 |
| amikacin in obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal infections: laboratory and clinical studies. | based on the proportion of resistant, moderately sensitive, and sensitive strains, the descending order of activity of amikacin against clinical isolates of urinary pathogens was salmonella, klebsiella, enterobacter, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, citrobacter, proteus species, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. however, amikacin was the most active of the antibiotics tested (including gentamicin and tobramycin) against 100 strains of p. aeruginosa. the calculated half-life of amikacin was sub ... | 1976 | 993629 |
| amikacin for treatment of infections in patients with malignant diseases. | amikacin was evaluated in patients with malignant diseases during 134 episodes of identified infection, most of which were cases of pneumonia and septicemia. the overall rate of response of the identified infections was 63%. the majority of infections were caused by escherichia coli, the klebsiella-enterobacter-serratia group, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the response rate for infections caused by these organisms was 80%. five of eight infections caused by organisms resistant to gentamicin respon ... | 1976 | 993633 |
| ceftezole, a new cephalosporin c derivative i. in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity. | ceftezole, a new cephalosporin antibiotic similar to cefazolin, has the following chemical structure: (6r,7r)-8-oxo-7[2-(1h-tetrazol-1-yl)acetamido]-3-[(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)methyl]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-carboxylic acid. ceftezole was found to be a broad-spectrum antibiotic, active in vitro against many species of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria except pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens and proteus vulgaris. the activity of ceftezole against clinical isolates ... | 1976 | 994325 |
| [isolation and identification of the iron-binding organic compounds synthesized by klebsiella aerogenes]. | | 1976 | 994872 |
| a simplified biochemical system to screen salmonella isolates from poultry for serotyping. | the 24 most frequently isolated paratyphoids from poultry, along with salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum, plus strains of arizona, citrobacter, edwardsiella, escherichia, klebsiella, prteus, pseudomonas, serratia and shigella were inoculated into triple sugar iron (tsi) and lysine iron (li) slants and into six fermentation broths which were numbered: 1 (dextrose), 2 (lactose), 3 (sucrose), 4 (mannitol), 5 (maltose), 6 (dulcitol). all the salmonella cultures (except s. pullorum) gave a ... | 1976 | 995819 |
| klebsiella aerogenes in mares. | | 1976 | 997193 |
| [the action of detergents upon microbes (author's transl)]. | the effect of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate in the concentration range of 0.125%-1.0% upon gas formation by klebsiella and escherichia was studied. the experiments were performed in szántha's gas tubes on synthetic culture media containing glycerol; gas formation was measured volumetrically. concentrations below 1.0% were found to promote gas formation when compared with the control tubes. in accordance with previous papers published, enteric and chromogenic bacteria also multiplied well in ... | 1976 | 998033 |
| [enterobacteria of reptiles (author's transl)]. | the aerobic gram-negative faecal flora of 78 reptiles consisting of 46 species (39 lizards of 23 species, 15 tortoises of 9 species, 24 snakes of 14 species) was studied. salmonella was found to be present in 50% of lizards, in 16% of tortoises and in 16% of snakes. there were all together 15 different serotypes. edwardsiella tarda was isolated in 20% of tortoises, in 12% of snakes but only in 3% of lizards. tortoises represent therefore the possible normal habitat of edwardsiella tarda. we isol ... | 1976 | 998035 |
| [taxonomic importance of fermentation balances of enterobacteriaceae (author's transl)]. | fermentation balances have been studied on 66 strains from 9 taxa of enterobacteriaceae. in addition, 6 strains of aeromonas have been investigated. among these fermentation balances, 7 types could be distinguished. it was shown, that the taxa of enterobacteriaceae differed with respect to the balance types involved. this is true especially for vp-positive taxa. for example, hafnia, the klebsiella-enterobacter-serratia group, enterobacter cloacae and erwinia are to some extend characterized by d ... | 1976 | 998036 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of the causative agents of pyelonephritis in pregnant and puerperal women]. | the data presented are evident of the fact that the causative agents of pyelonephritis in pregnant women and puerpera are mostly ecsherichia. ilebsiella, enterococcus and ps. aeruginosa were isolated not so often. strains with multiple antibiotic resistance were mainly isolated from the urine. it should be noted that 64 per cent of the klebsiella strains and 90 per cent of the proteus strains were sensitive to ampicillin. it should be taken into account in development of rational therapy of pyel ... | 1976 | 999246 |
| tobramycin, amikacin, sissomicin, and gentamicin resistant gram-negative rods. | sensitivities to gentamicin, sissomicin, tobramycin, and amikacin were compared in 196 gentamicin-resistant gram-negative rods and in 212 similar organisms sensitive to gentamicin, mainly isolated from clinical specimens. amikacin was the aminoglycoside most active against gentamicin-resistant organisms, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella spp, escherichia coli, proteus spp, providencia spp, and citrobacter spp being particularly susceptible. most of the gentamicin-resistant organisms were isolat ... | 1976 | 1000196 |
| clindamycin plus gentamicin as expectant therapy for presumed mixed infections. | the prevalence of obligate anaerobes was studied prospectively in 60 patients with severe sepsis of intra-abdominal, soft tissue, female genital or oropulmonary origin. in addition, the efficacy of clindamycin (for anaerobes) plus gentamicin (for aerobic bacteria, especially coliforms) as initial empiric therapy in these patients was evaluated. among 54 patients with cultural proof of infection, anaerobic pathogens were recovered from 52%. nineteen patients had bacteremia; bacteroides fragilis a ... | 1976 | 1000457 |
| [identification of conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria in laboratory practice in the diagnosis of acute intestinal diseases]. | identification of 361 cultures isolated from patients suffering from various acute intestinal diseasesand from persons who had sustained them, as well as from contacts and persons examined prophylactically with the use of various biochemical tests showed that ty their taxonomic properties the cultures were referred to conditionally-pathogenic representatives of enterobacteriaceae of the corresponding genera:citrobacter, hafnia, klebsiella, proteus, providencia. serological typing of the strains ... | 1976 | 1007731 |
| [bacteria of the citrobacter genus as one of the possible indeices of dysbacteriosis in intestinal diseases]. | a study of the incidence of detection of bacteria of the citrobacter genus in chronic intestinal diseases with the clinical and bacteriological manifestations of dysbacteriosis indicated that the mentioned conditioned pathogenic bacteria were revealed with the same frequency as bacteria of the proteus genus which served as the commonly accepted index of intestinal dysbacteriosis. comparative analysis of the intestinal microbial flora of the patients led to a supposition that bacteria of the citr ... | 1976 | 1007743 |
| [klebsiella resistant to gentamycin in a hospital milieu]. | | 1976 | 1007803 |
| a rapid method of disinfecting the bronchofiberscope. | a method of disinfecting the bronchofiberscope that requires 5 minutes was tested against mycobacterium tuberculosis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens, klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, candida albicans, influenza virus, and rhinovirus. the bronchofiberscope was contaminated with either sputum or mucin containing the microorganism. disinfection was performed by washing the inner channel and the outer sheath with a hexachlorophene detergent followed by a solution containing ... | 1976 | 1008353 |
| cefamandole: in vitro and clinical pharmacokinetics. | cefamandole has a broader spectrum and greater potency than the other cephalosporins. it includes haemophilus influenzae, most strains of enterobacter, and many strains of indole-positive proteus and bacteroides, with a lower minimal inhibitory concentration for escherichia coli, klebsiella, etc. concentrations of drug in the serum after the parenteral injection of cefamandole exceed manyfold the minimal inhibitory concentrations of over 82% of the bacteria studied. approximately 65 to 85% is ex ... | 1976 | 1008540 |
| antibiotic synergy and antagonism against clinical isolates of klebsiella species. | minimal inhibitory concentrations of kanamycin, gentamicin, amikacin, cephalothin, and chloramphenicol were determined in trypticase soy broth for 70 clinical isolates of klebsiella species. gentamicin and amikacin were the most active on a weight basis. chloramphenicol was more active than kanamycin, and cephalothin was the least active of all. studies using a microtiter modification of the checkerboard technique were performed to evaluate the comparative activity of the three aminoglycosides i ... | 1976 | 1008547 |