| intergeneric transfer and recombination of the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase gene (gnd) in enteric bacteria. | the gnd gene, encoding 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.44), was sequenced in 87 strains of 15 species assigned to five nominal genera of the enterobacteriaceae, including 36 isolates of salmonella enterica and 32 strains of escherichia coli. in s. enterica, the effective (realized) rate of recombination of horizontally transferred gnd sequences is only moderately higher than the rates for other chromosomal housekeeping genes. in contrast, recombination at gnd has occurred with such hi ... | 1994 | 7937867 |
| [analysis of cases with liver abscess following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (tae) for malignant hepatic tumors]. | a total of 182 tae procedures were carried out in 98 patients with malignant hepatic tumors during the last five years. liver abscess following tae occurred in 3 cases (3.1%) and in 3 procedures (1.7%). all cases were discharged after successful percutaneous transhepatic abscess drainage. one case had hepatocellular carcinoma. another case had undergone total gastrectomy and esophagojejunostomy with roux-y reconstruction for gastric leiomyosarcoma. the other had undergone right hemicolectomy and ... | 1994 | 7944448 |
| cloning and sequencing of the gene for the lactose carrier of citrobacter freundii. | the gene coding for the lactose carrier of citrobacter freundii was cloned into the plasmid pbr322. the gene was sequenced and the amino acid sequence was found to be 70% identical to the lactose carrier of e. coli. all of the charged residues in the membrane spanning region were conserved. the sugar specificity is somewhat different from that of e. coli. the c. freundii carrier has less activity for lactose and more activity for o-nitrophenyl-galactose (onpg) than the carrier of e. coli. | 1994 | 7945341 |
| characterization of the lactose transport system in citrobacter freundii. | the lactose transport system of citrobacter freundii was characterized. both the lactose transport system and beta-galactosidase were induced with either lactose or isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside (iptg), the latter being the better inducer. the km values for methyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside (tmg) transport and lactose transport were 0.61 mm and 1.1 mm, respectively, and the vmax values were 53 nmol/min/mg cell protein and 12 nmol/min/mg cell protein, respectively. thus, tmg is a bette ... | 1994 | 7951140 |
| in vitro activity of cefpirome against beta-lactamase-inducible and stably derepressed enterobacteriaceae. | most members of the enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa possess an inducible chromosomal class i beta-lactamase. bacterial strains which produce high levels of beta-lactamase constitutively can be isolated from infections; these derepressed mutants are responsible for resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and ureidopenicillins. minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefpirome, a fourth-generation cephalosporin, and other beta-lactam antibiotics were determined for a series of mut ... | 1994 | 7956454 |
| evolution of beta-lactamase inhibitors. | beta-lactamases present the greatest single challenge to beta-lactam antibiotics, including piperacillin. beta-lactamase-mediated resistance to supposedly beta-lactamase stable agents such as second- and third-generation cephalosporins is now emerging and inhibitor combinations provide an alternative strategy to overcome this problem. the success of this strategy depends on 1) how efficiently the inhibitor inhibits important beta-lactamases, 2) on how much beta-lactamase the bacteria produce, 3) ... | 1994 | 7962983 |
| interactions of wild-type and mutant ampr of citrobacter freundii with target dna. | the ampr transcriptional activator for the chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase gene of citrobacter freundii was found to interact with an operator sequence located in the 5' half of the 38 bp region protected by ampr in dnase i footprinting experiments. ampr binding was associated with significant dna bending of target dna. a glycine to glutamic acid alteration at position 102 in ampr converts ampr into a transcriptional activator even in the absence of beta-lactam inducer. amprg102e interacted with ... | 1993 | 7968533 |
| septic arthritis: a second decade of experience. | to review the diagnostic features, treatment and outcomes of all cases of septic arthritis presenting to a major australian rheumatology unit, between 1982 and 1991. these were compared with the previous decade's experience. | 1994 | 7980216 |
| biochemical identification of citrobacteria in the clinical laboratory. | we biochemically identified 235 citrobacter strains to the species level on the basis of the recently proposed taxonomic changes of brenner et al. (d. j. brenner, p. a. d. grimont, a. g. steigerwalt, g. r. fanning, e. ageron, and c. f. riddle, int. j. syst. bacteriol. 43:645-658, 1993). citrobacter isolates were initially identified as c. koseri or as members of the c. freundii complex or c. amalonaticus group on the basis of indole production, formation of h2s, malonate utilization, and acid pr ... | 1994 | 7989531 |
| workers' exposure to airborne bacteria and endotoxins at industrial wastewater treatment plants. | a study of sewage workers' exposure to airborne culturable bacteria and inhaled endotoxins was performed at nine waste-water treatment plants that treat mainly industrial effluents. airborne endotoxins were collected on glass fiber filters and analyzed using a chromogenic limulus assay. endotoxin concentrations measured in the immediate vicinity of the waste-water treatment process varied from 0.1 to 350 ng/m3. the eight-hour time weighted average concentrations of endotoxin to which workers wer ... | 1994 | 7992797 |
| transferable drug resistance (r-factor) among the enterobacteriaceae in urinary tract infections: a study at an urban hospital in bangladesh. | prevalence and patterns of drug resistance were studied among enterobacteriaceae, isolated from the cases of urinary tract infection (uti) attending at an outpatient department of an urban hospital in dhaka. out of 90 enterobacteriaceae isolated, 95.5% were resistant to the different antimicrobials tested. the most common resistance pattern observed was against ampicillin (a), trimethoprim (tm), sulphamethoxazole (s), tetracycline (t) and chloramphenicol (c) in all four genera of enterobacteriac ... | 1994 | 8007056 |
| inhibition of campylobacter jejuni colonization in chicks by defined competitive exclusion bacteria. | campylobacter enteritis in humans has been linked to consumption of chicken. reducing campylobacter jejuni colonization in chickens can potentially reduce campylobacter infections in humans. in this study, the reduction of c. jejuni colonization in chicks by oral administration of defined competitive exclusion (ce) cultures, 2.5% dietary carbohydrates, or ce cultures and carbohydrates was examined. prevention, elimination, or direct challenge of campylobacter infection was simulated by administe ... | 1994 | 8017915 |
| vitamin b12 production by citrobacter freundii or klebsiella pneumoniae during tempeh fermentation and proof of enterotoxin absence by pcr. | the influence of some fermentation parameters on vitamin b12 formation by strains of citrobacter freundii and klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from indonesian tempeh samples during tempeh fermentation was investigated. a decrease in fermentation temperature from 32 to 24 degrees c led to a decrease in vitamin b12 formation. inoculation of soybeans with different numbers of cells of c. freundii at the beginning of solid-substrate fermentation showed that only the velocity of vitamin formation and n ... | 1994 | 8017933 |
| phylogenetic tree and sequence similarity of beta-lactamases. | beta-lactamases are the main cause of beta-lactam resistance in many pathogenic bacteria. these enzymes can be detected in a variety of pathogenic as well as non-pathogenic bacteria. the cyanobacteria are also known to produce a beta-lactamase. recently, the amino acid sequences and the three-dimensional structures of some of these beta-lactamases have been clarified. on the basis of the amino acid sequences of 47 beta-lactamases and the computer-aided analysis, a phylogenetic tree is proposed i ... | 1993 | 8025724 |
| identification of infant food as a vehicle in a nosocomial outbreak of citrobacter freundii: epidemiological subtyping by allozyme, whole-cell protein and antibiotic resistance. | a total of 38 citrobacter freundii strains was isolated from patients and their environment at a neonatal intensive care unit of a large hospital where colonization and clinical diseases due to the agent had been observed. epidemiological investigations were carried out by subtyping, for which a combination of allozyme, whole-cell protein and resistance pattern analysis was used. infant formula was identified as a vehicle of nosocomial spread. this shows that the role of foods in the transmissio ... | 1994 | 8027004 |
| evaluation of rapid one system for identification of 379 strains in the family enterobacteriaceae and oxidase-negative, gram-negative nonfermenters. | the ability of the rapid one system (innovative diagnostic systems, inc., norcross, ga.) to identify 364 strains in the family enterobacteriaceae and 15 oxidase-negative, gram-negative, nonfermentative rods was evaluated. kits were inoculated with no. 2 mcfarland standard suspensions, and reactions were interpreted after 4 h of incubation at 35 degrees c. overall, the method correctly identified (to the species level or to the genus level for salmonellas and non-shigella sonnei shigella species) ... | 1994 | 8027345 |
| comparison of the taxonomy, serology, drug resistance transfer, and virulence of citrobacter freundii strains from mammals and poikilothermic hosts. | in this study, the phenotypic, antigenic, and virulence characteristics of 32 citrobacter freundii strains of fish, human, and veterinary origin were comparatively analyzed. in addition, the spread of drug resistance factors by conjugation was investigated. regardless of the source of isolation, the strains exhibited variable reactions mainly for arginine dihydrolase, ornithine decarboxylase, and fermentation of sucrose, melibiose, amygdalin, and salicin. total fatty acid methyl ester analysis b ... | 1994 | 8031079 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of biapenem against enterobacteria with beta-lactamase-mediated antibiotic resistance. | the effects of enterobacterial beta-lactamases were studied for biapenem (l627), a new carbapenem. susceptibility tests were performed for isogenic mutant series of citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, morganella morganii, serratia marcescens and proteus vulgaris which varied only in chromosomal beta-lactamase expression. beta-lactamase-derepressed organisms in these series were as susceptible as beta-lactamase-inducible strains to biapenem; beta-lactamase-basal mutants were up to eight-f ... | 1994 | 8040111 |
| [development of a selective differential medium for the isolation of corynebacterium urealyticum (group d-2)]. | we have developed a new selective culture medium for the isolation of c. urealyticum, with the aim of improving and making easier the isolation and identification of this microorganism. | 1994 | 8049288 |
| [antibacterial activity of aztreonam against clinical isolates]. | to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a monobactam antibiotic, aztreonam (azt), mics of azt and other antibiotics against clinical isolates collected at 36 participating institutions after january 1992 were determined using the agar plate dilution method (size of inoculum, 10(6) cfu/ml) according to the japan society of chemotherapy standard. the antibiotics that were tested along with azt included piperacillin (pipc), cefoperazone (cpz), and amikacin (amk). azt was found to be more active a ... | 1994 | 8051793 |
| antimicrobial activity of essential oil from schinus molle linn. | the essential oil from the fresh leaves of schinus molle isolated by hydrodistillation was tested for antibacterial activity using the hole plate diffusion method and for antifungal activity using the mycelium or single cell growth inhibition method. results obtained showed that the volatile oil exhibited significant activity against the following bacterial species: klebsiella pneumoniae, alcaligenes faecalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, leuconostoc cremoris, enterobacter aerogenes, proteus vulgaris ... | 1993 | 8055554 |
| formation of b-vitamins by bacteria during the soaking process of soybeans for tempe fermentation. | the formation of b-vitamins (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, thiamine, vitamin b6 and vitamin b12) during the soaking of soybeans by bacteria, isolated from tempe, was investigated. among the isolates examined no vitamin b6 producer was found. after inoculation of the soaking soybeans with citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas fluorescens and streptococcus spp. the concentrations of vitamin b12 increased significantly. for the first time it was found that soakings inoculated ... | 1994 | 8060790 |
| o-acetylation affects the binding properties of the carboxyl groups on the vi bacterial polysaccharide. | the capsular polysaccharide of salmonella typhi and citrobacter freundii (vi) is a linear homopolymer of (1-->4)-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-d-galactopyranosyluronic acid partially o-acetylated at the c-3 position. the physico-chemical properties of the carboxyl groups of the vi polysaccharide, as a function of different degrees of o-acetylation, were studied by potentiometric titration, circular dichroism, and their reaction with the bulky nucleophile 2-nitro-phenylhydrazine (nph). potenti ... | 1994 | 8061223 |
| heterogeneity at the beta-lactamase structural gene ampc amongst citrobacter spp. assessed by polymerase chain reaction analysis: potential for typing at a molecular level. | considerable biochemical diversity and polynucleotide sequence variation have been reported amongst strains of citrobacter spp. however, sequence heterogeneity has not been investigated at gene loci of clinical relevance. in this study, sequence heterogeneity in the beta-lactamase structural gene, ampc, amongst 91 clinical isolates of citrobacter spp. that showed resistance to various third-generation cephalosporins was investigated. variation was examined by high-stringency polymerase chain rea ... | 1994 | 8064842 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of blabil-1, a plasmid-mediated class c beta-lactamase gene in escherichia coli bs. | the extended-spectrum, plasmid-borne beta-lactamase gene blabil-1, which was discovered in escherichia coli, has been cloned. unusually for a plasmid-borne beta-lactamase, blabil-1 encodes a novel class c enzyme and appears to have originated from the chromosomal ampc gene of citrobacter freundii. | 1994 | 8067761 |
| modes of inhibition of foodborne non-salmonella bacteria by selenite cystine selective broth. | various cell densities of six common foodborne non-salmonella bacteria were exposed to selenite cystine (sc) salmonella selective medium. the insensitivity of pseudomonas aeruginosa and proteus vulgaris to sc was confirmed. selenite cystine selective medium was effective against the sensitive bacteria up to certain cell densities, beyond which the bacteria survived. as judged from the minimum cell number required for survival in sc, staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive to sc, followed by ... | 1994 | 8074974 |
| citrobacter pericarditis secondary to a subphrenic abscess. | | 1994 | 8075290 |
| neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: a clinical study. | necrotizing enterocolitis was found in 77 infants over a 5 year period. diagnosis of nec was established on 4.9 + 4.8 days in babies with birth weight of 1667 + 577 grams and the gestational age of 33.3 + 2.6 weeks. definite disease occurred in 33 (42.9%) babies while there was strong suspicion in another 44 (57.1%) babies. prefeed gastric residue (98.7%), abdominal distension (97.3%), lethargy (78.7%), hypotonia (60%) and jaundice (48%) were the main presenting features. however, blood in stool ... | 1993 | 8077031 |
| evaluation of direct disc diffusion susceptibility testing for bacteriuria using diluted urine against standard cds method. | consecutive urine specimens with > or = 10(9) organisms/l on microscopy were diluted 1:100 and direct disc diffusion susceptibility tests performed. subsequently, the standard calibrated dichotomous sensitivity (cds) test was performed on all isolates. urines with > 2 isolates or where growth was < 10(8) colony forming units (cfu)/l were excluded. only gram negative organisms were considered. 361 urines were evaluated, 324 with one and 37 with 2 isolates, comprising 255 escherichia coli, 49 kleb ... | 1994 | 8090594 |
| interaction of oxyimino beta-lactams with a class c beta-lactamase and a mutant with a spectrum extended to beta-lactams. | the class c beta-lactamase of citrobacter freundii gn346 is a typical cephalosporinase comprising 361 amino acids, and substitution of the glutamic acid at position 219 in the enzyme by lysine was previously shown to broaden its substrate spectrum to oxyimino beta-lactams (k. tsukamoto, r. ohno, and t. sawai, j. bacteriol. 172:4348-4351, 1990). to clarify this spectrum extension from the kinetic point of view, the interactions of cefuroxime, ceftazidime, and aztreonam with the wild-type and muta ... | 1994 | 8092840 |
| a survey of a functional amino acid of class c beta-lactamase corresponding to glu166 of class a beta-lactamases. | the class c beta-lactamase of citrobacter freundii gn346 is a typical cephalosporinase comprising 361 amino acids. the aspartic acid at position 217 and glutamic acid at position 219 in this beta-lactamase were, respectively, previously shown not to be the counterpart of glu166 (abl166) in class a beta-lactamases, even though sequence alignment of class a and c enzymes strongly suggested this possibility [(1990) febs lett. 264, 211-214; (1990) j. bacteriol. 172, 4348-4351]. we tried again to ass ... | 1993 | 8104827 |
| dna-based diagnostic tests for salmonella species targeting agfa, the structural gene for thin, aggregative fimbriae. | salmonella enteritidis 27655-3b and a few diarrheagenic escherichia coli strains produce morphologically and antigenically related, thin, aggregative fimbriae, collectively named gvvpq fimbriae (s. k. collinson, l. emödy, t. j. trust, and w. w. kay, j. bacteriol. 174:4490-4495, 1992). to determine whether gvvpq fimbriae are common to salmonella spp. and other enteropathogenic members of the family enterobacteriaceae, 113 isolates were phenotypically screened for congo red binding and aggregative ... | 1993 | 8104955 |
| effect of a defined continuous-flow derived bacterial culture and dietary lactose on salmonella typhimurium colonization in broiler chickens. | a defined bacterial culture protective against salmonella typhimurium cecal colonization in broiler chicks was derived utilizing a continuous-flow (cf) culture apparatus. chicks receiving the cf culture in combination with a diet containing dietary lactose were protected against cecal colonization by s. typhimurium. the culture consisted of a mixture of gram-positive and gram-negative facultative and strictly anaerobic bacteria. the isolates were identified as enterococcus avium, two strains of ... | 1993 | 8141728 |
| spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in an adult patient with nephrotic syndrome. | most cases of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp) in association with nephrotic syndrome are children. the complication of sbp in adults with nephrotic syndrome is extremely rare. herein, we report a 25-year-old man with nephrotic syndrome and chronic renal failure who suffered from sbp. citrobacter freundii was isolated from ascites. irreversible deterioration of renal function followed the development of sbp, though the peritonitis was cured with antibiotic treatment. this case suggests th ... | 1993 | 8142677 |
| a new class of proteins regulating gene expression in enterobacteria. | ymoa and hha are highly similar bacterial proteins downregulating gene expression in yersinia enterocolitica and escherichia coli, respectively. the phenotype of ymoa mutants evokes that of mutants affected in some histone-like proteins. this paper describes complementation of a ymoa mutation in y. enterocolitica by the hha gene from e. coli. we show that ymoa and hha are not only very similar proteins but that they are functionally interchangeable. genetic experiments indicate that hha can also ... | 1994 | 8145648 |
| in-vitro activities of cefepime against enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, pseudomonas aeruginosa and other aerobic gram-negative bacilli. | infections caused by resistant bacterial pathogens such as citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa have become an increasing problem with respect to therapy in large medical centres in korea. the mics of cefepime for aerobic gram-negative bacilli isolated during 1991, mostly from in-patients in a hospital in seoul, were determined by the agar dilution method and compared with those of several other antimicrobials. of the agents tested, cefepime ... | 1993 | 8150765 |
| in-vitro activity of cefepime and other antimicrobials: survey of european isolates. | cefepime, a new cephalosporin which has a broad-spectrum of activity was tested in vitro against 1961 gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates obtained from european hospitals. cefepime was highly active against gram-negative organisms, inhibiting over 94% of strains tested. the overall susceptibility rate for cefepime against all isolates was 81%. cefepime was more active than any of the third-generation cephalosporins tested against species capable of producing type i beta-lactamases, ... | 1993 | 8150766 |
| [coexisting respiratory tract infection and bacteremia or sepsis caused by the same bacterium]. | we experienced 12 patients who were suffering from bacteremia or sepsis and pneumonia or lung abscess coincidently caused by the same bacterium, during the 8 years from 1985 to 1992 a hokusyo central hospital. all of them has some underlying diseases, and the average age was 73.6 years old. in ten out of 12 patients bacteremia or sepsis preceded the respiratory tract infection, and in 7 cases indwelling intravenous catheter was thought to be the port of entry of the bacteria. respiratory tract i ... | 1994 | 8151148 |
| multipoint identification of enterobacteriaceae: report of the british society for microbial technology collaborative study. | to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of multipoint identification schemes in a multicentre trial. | 1993 | 8157751 |
| cloning and analysis of translational control for genes encoding the cfr9i restriction-modification system. | the complete type-ii cfr9i restriction-modification (r-m) system of citrobacter freundii strain rfl9, recognizing the dna sequence cccggg, has been cloned and expressed, and functionally active enzymes have been produced in escherichia coli. both the methyltransferase (mtase; m.cfr9i) and restriction endonuclease (enase; r.cfr9i) were found to be encoded on a 2.3-kb cloned fragment in the same transcriptional orientation, but differing in translational phases. the last codon (underlined) (atga) ... | 1994 | 8163180 |
| characterization of the c-terminal domains of intimin-like proteins of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, and hafnia alvei. | surface proteins called intimins (int), which are homologous to the invasin protein (inv) of yersinia spp., play a role in inducing brush border damage, termed attachment and effacement, which follows infection by enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii biotype 4280, and hafnia alvei. maltose-binding protein (mbp) fusions containing the c-terminal 280 amino acids of int-like proteins of strains of enteropathogenic e. coli, enterohemorrhagic e. coli, h. alvei ... | 1994 | 8168946 |
| late infection of a bipolar prosthesis following endoscopy. a case report. | | 1994 | 8175823 |
| truncated mutants of the colicin a lysis protein are acylated and processed when overproduced. | the lipid modification and processing of truncated mutants of the colicin a lysis protein were observed after overproduction by escherichia coli bacteria, but at a rate far slower than that of the wild-type. the unmodified precursor form of the mutants was stable over hour(s). the truncated mutants provoked lethality, but neither caused protein release nor quasi-lysis. | 1994 | 8181720 |
| [nationwide survey on susceptibilities of clinical isolates from urinary tract to antimicrobial agents in japan, 1991]. | this study was conducted to investigate susceptibilities of urinary tract isolates to antimicrobial agents examined at 123 hospital laboratories in japan from september to december in 1991. in this study, identification and susceptibility testing were carried out at each laboratory. the susceptibility testing was performed according to the disk diffusion method recommended by national committee for clinical laboratory standards. mrsa showed high resistance rates to all agents tested except to mi ... | 1994 | 8182896 |
| citrobacter meningitis in adults. | citrobacter meningitis is an uncommon infection of neonates and young children. it is rarely seen in adults. we describe a 46-year-old man with a mixed bacterial meningitis caused by c. diversus and klebsiella oxytoca and a 64-year-old woman with c. freundii meningitis. review of the english-language literature revealed only 2 adult patients with c. diversus meningitis and another 2, with c. freundii meningitis. the ages of these 6 aforementioned patients ranged from 31 to 84 years. multiple fac ... | 1994 | 8187383 |
| rapid emergence of quinolone resistance in cirrhotic patients treated with norfloxacin to prevent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. | we carried out quantitative culturing of stools from 31 hospitalized alcoholic patients with cirrhosis and ascites, before treatment with 400 mg of norfloxacin per day, weekly for the first month, and then every 2 weeks thereafter for 15 to 229 days (median, 54 days). members of the family enterobacteriaceae virtually disappeared from the stools (< 10(2)/g), but treatment had little effect on enterococci. no selection of resistant organisms occurred in 15 patients, but the remaining 16 patients ... | 1994 | 8192461 |
| in vitro brodimoprim activity on nosocomial bacterial strains. | the activity of brodimoprim, a new diaminopyrimidine, against 385 recent clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli was in vitro tested by the disk sensitivity test (dst) of bauer et al. with disk concentration of 2.5 micrograms and by the agar dilution method. the postantibiotic effect (pae) and the postantibiotic leukocyte killing enhancement (pale) were determined on selected pathogens. the mics were determined with müller hinton ii agar (bd) and a multipoint inoculato ... | 1993 | 8195834 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of fk037, a new parenteral cephalosporin. | in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of fk037, a new parenteral cephalosporin, were compared with those of cefpirome, ceftazidime and flomoxef. the advantages of in vitro activity of fk037 were as follows: (1) a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, (2) the most potent activity (mic90: 25 micrograms/ml) of the cephalosporins tested against highly methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (h-mrsa), (3) a strong activity against enterobacter spp. and citrobacter freundii resistant to t ... | 1994 | 8205935 |
| multicenter comparison of in vitro activities of fk-037, cefepime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefuroxime. | in a multicenter study, the mics of fk-037 for 90% of the strains tested (mic90s) were < or = 1 microgram/ml for members of the family enterobacteriaceae other than citrobacter freundii, enterobacter spp., and serratia marcescens. activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa was variable, with a mic50 and a mic90 of 4 and 32 micrograms/ml, respectively. relative to cefepime, however, fk-037 was less active against ceftazidime-resistant isolates of enterobacter cloacae. the mic90 of fk-037 for methici ... | 1993 | 8215286 |
| binding of phenol and analogues to alanine complexes of tyrosine phenol-lyase from citrobacter freundii: implications for the mechanisms of alpha,beta-elimination and alanine racemization. | we have examined the interaction of citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase with both l- and d-alanine. this enzyme catalyzes the racemization of alanine as a side reaction, in addition to the physiological beta-elimination of l-tyrosine to give phenol and ammonium pyruvate. the steady-state kinetic parameters for alanine racemization, kcat and km, for d-alanine are 0.008 s-1 and 32 mm, respectively, while those for l-alanine are 0.03 s-1 and 11 mm. incubation of tyrosine phenol-lyase with ei ... | 1993 | 8218227 |
| recurring ventriculitis due to citrobacter diversus: clinical and bacteriologic analysis. | neonatal meningitis due to citrobacter diversus is usually accompanied by the development of brain abscesses and tends to have high rates of morbidity and mortality. we report a case of a newborn with c. diversus meningitis and brain abscesses who relapsed after initial antibiotic therapy and from whom c. diversus was recovered from cerebrospinal fluid 4 years later during a neurosurgical procedure. genetic differences in the early and late isolates were discovered, and explanations for this phe ... | 1993 | 8218687 |
| [the pathogenicity factors in different representatives of the genus citrobacter]. | no trustworthy distinctions were revealed under the comparative analysis of properties of bacteria of citrobacter genus from 3 studied ecological groups (from patients with diarrhea, from healthy persons and patients with extraenteric pathological process). it allows the finding of potentially partogenic bacteria of citrobacter genus in patients with diarrhea to be considered the manifestation of dysbacteriosis. | 1993 | 8220831 |
| use of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of aaca genes encoding aminoglycoside-6'-n-acetyltransferases in reference strains and gram-negative clinical isolates from two belgium hospitals. | genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferases, were identified using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). four sets of primers delineating dna fragments of 209 bp, 250 bp, 260 bp and 347 bp, specific for the four known aaca genes, and probes within these fragments, were constructed based on the nucleotide sequences of the aaca genes. the specificity of the primers was evaluated using reference strains encoding various aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. the primers reacted with their corre ... | 1993 | 8226413 |
| multicentre survey of the comparative in-vitro activity of piperacillin/tazobactam against bacteria from hospitalized patients in the british isles. | twenty-nine british and irish hospitals each collected up to 300 bacterial isolates from in-patients. the organisms were identified by an appropriate api system or, for staphylococci, by their gram and coagulase reactions. disc susceptibility tests were performed. isolates that gave zones < or = 25 mm to piperacillin/tazobactam (75 micrograms + 10 micrograms) discs were sent to a central laboratory for re-examination and determination of mic, together with a sample of the more susceptible organi ... | 1993 | 8226427 |
| [susceptibility in vitro to certain quinolines of gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive cocci causing urinary tract infections]. | susceptibility to norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pipemidic acid and nalidixic acid of 848 bacterial strains isolated from urine of patients treated in 1989-1992 in wrocław hospitals was investigated. the study, performed by the disc diffusion methods, concerned 568 enterobacteriaceae strains, 147 gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria and 133 strains of staphylococci. highest percentage (90-100%) of susceptibility to all used antimicrobial agents was detected among escherichia, proteus, morganella and c ... | 1993 | 8231429 |
| ampg, a signal transducer in chromosomal beta-lactamase induction. | the chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase in citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae is inducible by beta-lactam antibiotics. when an inducible ampc gene is introduced on a plasmid into escherichia coli together with its transcriptional regulator ampr, the plasmid-borne beta-lactamase is still inducible. we have isolated mutants, containing alterations in a novel e. coli gene, ampg, in which a cloned c. freundii ampc gene is unable to respond to beta-lactam inducers. the ampg gene was cloned, se ... | 1993 | 8231804 |
| an outbreak of gram-negative bacteremia traced to contaminated o-rings in reprocessed dialyzers. | to investigate an outbreak of gram-negative bacteremia in an outpatient hemodialysis unit and to identify the source of contaminating bacteria and the route by which bacteria gained access to the bloodstream. | 1993 | 8239225 |
| classification of citrobacteria by dna hybridization: designation of citrobacter farmeri sp. nov., citrobacter youngae sp. nov., citrobacter braakii sp. nov., citrobacter werkmanii sp. nov., citrobacter sedlakii sp. nov., and three unnamed citrobacter genomospecies. | dna relatedness studies (hydroxyapatite method) were done on 112 strains of citrobacteria. by using the recommended definition of a genomospecies 11 genomospecies were identified in the genus citrobacter. these genomospecies were separable by their biochemical profiles. citrobacter koseri (citrobacter diversus) and citrobacter amalonaticus proved to be homogeneous species, as previously described. c. amalonaticus biogroup 1, as described by farmer et al. (j. clin. microbiol. 21:46-76, 1985), was ... | 1993 | 8240948 |
| structural characterization of gangliosides from resting and endotoxin-stimulated murine b lymphocytes. | b lymphocytes from cba/j mice were stimulated in splenocyte cultures for 72 h with various endotoxins. bisphosphoryl lipid a from escherichia coli had the highest stimulatory effect followed by lps of citrobacter freundii and salmonella minnesota as measured by [3h]thymidine uptake. gangliosides of stimulated b cells (metabolically labeled with d-[1-14c]galactose and d-[1-14c]glucosamine) and unlabeled gangliosides from resting b cells (prepared from spleens without stimulus) were analyzed by hi ... | 1993 | 8251488 |
| [antimicrobial activity of cefodizime against fresh clinical isolates]. | in order evaluate antimicrobial activities of cefodizime (cdzm), minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic's) of cdzm and other control drugs were determined against various clinical isolates, that were sent to our center from nation-wide medical institutions or were isolated and identified in our laboratory from various specimens of infected patients. the followings are a summary of the results: 1. bacterial species with no or few strains resistant to cephems including cdzm included streptococcus ... | 1993 | 8254888 |
| [the antimicrobial activity of cefteram against recently clinically detected and isolated strains]. | in order to examine antibiotic activities of cefteram (cftm), its minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic's) and those of other cephem drugs were determined against clinically isolated strains received from july 1990 to june 1991 and from july 1992 to february 1993 from medical facilities throughout the country and against clinically isolated strains detected in our laboratory in samples from patients with various infectious diseases. the obtained results are summarized below. 1. no cftm-resistan ... | 1993 | 8254900 |
| erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin: use of frequency distribution curves, scattergrams, and regression analyses to compare in vitro activities and describe cross-resistance. | mics of erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin for 852 recent clinical isolates were determined by broth microdilution methods. frequency distribution curves, scattergrams, and regression analyses were used to compare in vitro activities and describe cross-resistance. clarithromycin was the most active drug against bacteroides spp. but the least active against haemophilus influenzae. azithromycin was most active against h. influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, pasteurella multocida, and fus ... | 1993 | 8257127 |
| oligonucleotide probe determination of tetracycline-resistant bacteria isolated from catfish ponds. | oligonucleotide probes for class a, b and c tetracycline resistance determinants were synthesized and tested individually and in combination for hybridization with gram-negative isolates previously characterized by restriction fragment dna probes. similar hybridization patterns were observed with either probe type. gram-negative catfish pond bacteria were characterized by these oligonucleotide probes. the most common bacteria were plesiomonas shigelloides (47.7%), aeromonas hydrophila (28.8%) an ... | 1993 | 8264667 |
| [clonal spreading of a multidrug resistance citrobacter freundii strain at a neonatal intensive care unit]. | this paper reports on the epidemic spreading of a multiresistant citrobacter (c.) freundii strain at a neonatal intensive care unit. a premature baby of the 27th week of pregnancy died from septic shock caused by this strain. according to the result of a statistical analysis of risk factors a connection between the colonization of neonates and the feeding with an enteral feeding tube was probably. this suspicion could be confirmed by the detection of the multiresistant strain in the infant formu ... | 1993 | 8267838 |
| structure of the membrane-bound form of the pore-forming domain of colicin a: a partial proteolysis and mass spectrometry study. | the ion-channel-forming thermolytic fragment (tha) of colicin a binds to negatively charged vesicles and provides an example of the insertion of a soluble protein into a lipid bilayer. the soluble structure is known and consists of a 10-helix bundle containing a hydrophobic helical hairpin. in this study, partial proteolysis and mass spectrometry were used to determine the accessible sites to proteolytic attack by trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin in the tha fragment in its membrane-bound state. el ... | 1993 | 8268153 |
| dependence of induction of enterobacterial ampc beta-lactamase on cell-wall peptidoglycan, as demonstrated in proteus mirabilis and its wall-less protoplast l-form. | the mobilizable plasmid pmd101 (ampr, ampc) was constructed by inserting cloned ampc, the structural gene for the chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase of citrobacter freundii, and the closely linked ampr encoding the transcriptional regulator essential for enzyme induction, into the broad host-range plasmid pkt231. plasmid pmd101 was transconjugated into proteus mirabilis vi and its isogenic, cell-wall-less protoplast l-form lvi. ampc beta-lactamase was expressed constitutively from cloned ampr and a ... | 1993 | 8277255 |
| plasmid encoded beta-lactamases resistant to inhibition by clavulanic acid produced by calf faecal coliforms. | two new plasmid encoded beta-lactamase enzymes produced by a strain of escherichia coli and a strain of citrobacter freundii isolated from calf faeces have been characterised. both enzymes were similar to tem-1 in terms of substrate and inhibition profiles and physical properties but differed from tem-1 in being far less susceptible to the beta-lactamase inhibitors clavulanic acid or tazobactam. in each case transfer of the plasmid e coli k12 rendered it clinically resistant to the combination o ... | 1993 | 8284502 |
| citrobacter septicemia in neonates. | | 1993 | 8288337 |
| characterization of ceftriaxone-resistant enterobacteriaceae: a multicentre study in 26 french hospitals. vigil'roc study group. | during a multicentre study performed in 26 french hospitals, 287 (3.2%) of 9038 enterobacteriaceae isolated, mainly enterobacter spp., serratia spp., citrobacter spp. and klebsiella spp. were classified as ceftriaxone resistant on the basis of an mic > 4 mg/l or the presence of an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. extended-spectrum beta-lactamase was present mainly in klebsiella pneumoniae (65 strains, 10.2%) and very rarely in escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter ... | 1993 | 8288501 |
| cross-susceptibility of cefpirome and four other beta-lactams against isolates from haematology/oncology and intensive care units. international study group. | a multi-centre in-vitro study (8625 isolates) was conducted in 13 countries between may and november, 1992 to determine both the current bacterial epidemiology in intensive care and haematology/oncology units and the cross-susceptibility of the organisms to cefpirome, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem and piperacillin. bacterial species with 20 or more isolates resistant to one of the six antibiotics were examined for their susceptibility to the beta-lactams. cefpirome and imipenem had the smal ... | 1993 | 8290900 |
| formation of vitamins by pure cultures of tempe moulds and bacteria during the tempe solid substrate fermentation. | the formation of water soluble vitamins (vitamin b12, vitamin b6, riboflavin, thiamine, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) during the tempe solid substrate fermentation was investigated. the role of several strains of rhizopus oligosporus, r. arrhizus, and r. stolonifer and the role of several bacteria in the vitamin formation process were checked. all fungal and bacterial strains were isolated from indonesian tempe and soaking water samples. the rhizopus strains formed riboflavin, nicotinic acid, ... | 1993 | 8300444 |
| [ciprofloxacin resistance in gram negative bacilli. epidemiologic aspects]. | the aim of the present was to study the resistance to ciprofloxacin (cip) in gram negative bacilli (april 1990-march 1992) and to determine the temporary distribution of the resistant strains by species, samples and departments. | 1993 | 8305553 |
| peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal abscess, mediastinitis, and nonclostridial anaerobic myonecrosis: a case report. | peritonsillar abscess is a potentially life-threatening complication of acute tonsillitis. on occasion, peritonsillar abscess can extend to neck spaces and/or to the mediastinum. we describe a case of a patient with a peritonsillar abscess that extended to the neck, producing bilateral retropharyngeal abscesses and myonecrosis of the strap muscles. culture of a specimen of the necrotic muscle yielded prevotella intermedia, prevotella buccae, lactobacillus catenaforme, another lactobacillus speci ... | 1993 | 8324135 |
| intravenous streptomycin use in a patient infected with high-level, gentamicin-resistant streptococcus faecalis. | to report a case of intravenous streptomycin sulfate use in a patient infected with high-level, gentamicin-resistant streptococcus faecalis. | 1993 | 8329788 |
| cloning and sequences of the genes encoding the cfrbi restriction-modification system from citrobacter freundii. | the genes encoding the cfrbi restriction and modification (r-m) systems from citrobacter freundii and recognizing the sequence 5'-ccwwgg-3' (w = a or t) were cloned in escherichia coli mcrbc- cells. the nucleotide (nt) sequences of the genes were determined. two large open reading frames were found. deletion analysis showed that one of them [1128 nt coding for 376 amino acids (aa)] corresponds to a methyltransferase (mtase)-encoding gene and the other (1065 nt coding for 355 aa) to a restriction ... | 1993 | 8335262 |
| the antimicrobial activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefpirome, a new fourth-generation cephalosporin in comparison with other agents. | the antimicrobial activity of cefpirome was compared with amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin and amikacin against 743 non-duplicate clinical isolates. mic50 and mic90 showed that the antibiotic was active against both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. cefpirome was highly active against most of the enterobacteriaceae, including indole-positive proteus spp., aeromonas spp. (mic < or = 1 mg/l) and salmonella spp. (mic < or = 0.5 mg/l). n ... | 1993 | 8335498 |
| a multidrug resistance regulatory chromosomal locus is widespread among enteric bacteria. | constitutive expression of the mar operon (marrab) in escherichia coli produces a multiple antibiotic resistance phenotype mediated by the expression of multiple genetic loci in response to regulatory proteins in the operon. a mar-specific dna probe was used to search for the operon in bacterial strains representing 53 species and 27 genera. among these, 6 other enterobacteriaceae, salmonella, shigella, klebsiella, citrobacter, hafnia, and enterobacter species, contained dna sequences that hybri ... | 1993 | 8335992 |
| the use of imipenem-cilastatin in neonatal meningitis caused by citrobacter diversus. | citrobacter diversus is a cause of severe meningitis in neonates and infants. it is unique in its propensity to produce brain abscesses that play an important role in the poor prognosis associated with this condition. the recommended therapeutic regimen of third-generation cephalosporines, aminoglycosides and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is usually disappointing. we describe the use of imipenemcilastatin in successfully treating citrobacter diversus meningitis complicated by brain abscesses. | 1993 | 8338984 |
| unusual microtubule-dependent endocytosis mechanisms triggered by campylobacter jejuni and citrobacter freundii. | bacterial invasion of six different human epithelial cell lines showed that some strains of the intestinal pathogen campylobacter jejuni invaded intestinal cell lines at a level 10(2)-10(4) times higher than reported previously for other campylobacter strains. separately, urinary tract isolates of citrobacter freundii triggered a high-efficiency invasion of bladder cells. use of multiple inhibitors with known effects on eukaryotic cell structures/processes allowed us to define in these genetical ... | 1993 | 8341714 |
| [a xanthogranulomatous psoas abscess 4 years after nephrectomy for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]. | we report a case of xanthogranulomatous abscess of the left psoas muscle in a patient who underwent nephrectomy for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis four years earlier. pathogens unlike those usually found in this type of inflammatory reaction were grown on culture. the possible relationship between the two infectious disease processes is analyzed. | 1993 | 8342983 |
| emergence of antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacilli causing bacteremia during therapy. | treatment of serious infections caused by gram-negative bacilli with beta-lactam antimicrobial agents can induce class i beta-lactamase production. this phenomenon can result in resistant microorganisms, and has been postulated to be a cause of therapeutic failure. the charts of patients bacteremic with pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, proteus vulgaris, and providencia species (n = 120) during a 3-year period were reviewed to determine how ... | 1993 | 8346736 |
| whole-cell repetitive element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction allows rapid assessment of clonal relationships of bacterial isolates. | repetitive element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-pcr) enables the generation of dna fingerprints which discriminate bacterial species and strains. we describe the application of whole-cell methods which allow specimens from broth cultures or colonies from agar plates to be utilized directly in the pcr mixture. the rep-pcr-generated dna fingerprints obtained with whole-cell samples match results obtained with genomic dna templates. examples with different gram-negative bacteria (e ... | 1993 | 8349778 |
| evaluation of the l-pyrrolidonyl-beta-naphthylamide hydrolysis test for the differentiation of members of the families enterobacteriaceae and vibrionaceae. | a simple, rapid, and inexpensive spot test incorporating the substrate pyrrolidonyl naphthylamide was used to examine pyrrolidonyl peptidase activity among 800 bacterial strains belonging to the families enterobacteriaceae and vibrionaceae. the pyrrolidonyl naphthylamide test was found to be particularly useful in separating citrobacter spp. (100% positive) from salmonella spp. (0.4% positive) and escherichia coli (0% positive). furthermore, it would appear to offer a safer alternative to the tr ... | 1993 | 8349781 |
| comparative in vitro activity of biapenem, a new carbapenem antibiotic. | biapenem is a new carbapenem antibiotic with high stability to human renal dehydropeptidase i. its in vitro activity was compared with that of imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, piperacillin and gentamicin against a total of 650 recent clinical isolates. mics were determined by a standard agar dilution procedure and all isolates were tested at two inocula (10(4) and 10(6) cfu). biapenem inhibited 90% of isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgari ... | 1993 | 8354306 |
| infection and antibiotic therapy in 4000 burned patients treated in milan, italy, between 1976 and 1988. | the pathogenic flora, isolated from burn wounds of patients admitted to a burn care unit during the years between 1976 and 1988 were typed and the in vitro susceptibility to antibacterial agents was recorded. between 1976 and 1988 the general therapeutic approach was changed three times, in congruence with the prevalent nosocomial bacterial resistance. the most frequent isolates were: pseud. aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus spp., proteus mirabilis, escherichia coli, enterobacter c ... | 1993 | 8357483 |
| a broadly cross-protective monoclonal antibody binding to escherichia coli and salmonella lipopolysaccharides. | during the last decade, episodes of sepsis have increased and escherichia coli has remained the most frequent clinical isolate. lipopolysaccharides (lps; endotoxin) are the major toxic and antigenic components of gram-negative bacteria and qualify as targets for therapeutic interventions. molecules that neutralize the toxic effects of lps are actively investigated. in this paper, we describe a murine monoclonal antibody (mab; wn1 222-5), broadly cross-reactive and cross-protective for smooth (s) ... | 1993 | 8359907 |
| beta-lactamase of lysobacter enzymogenes: cloning, characterization and expression of the gene and comparison of the enzyme to other lactamases. | the gene for the periplasmic beta-lactamase of lysobacter enzymogenes was isolated as part of a 1017 bp ecori fragment and the nucleotide sequence of the gene was determined. it has a g+c content of 71.5% and encodes a 27 amino acid signal sequence and the mature beta-lactamase of 276 amino acids which has a mass of 29,146 da. the enzyme appears to be unique to l. enzymogenes but its amino acid sequence shows a high degree of homology with the amino acid sequences of the lactamase from citrobact ... | 1993 | 8360618 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of cp-70,429 a new penem antibiotic. | in in vitro susceptibility tests, the new penem cp-70,429 showed potent antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria except pseudomonas aeruginosa and xanthomonas maltophilia. cp-70,429 was stable to various types of beta-lactamases except for the enzyme from x. maltophilia and was 16- to 128-fold more active than the other compounds against beta-lactamase-producing strains of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. | 1993 | 8363389 |
| colicin a lysis protein promotes extracellular release of active human growth hormone accumulated in escherichia coli cytoplasm. | the colicin a lysis protein (cal) was used to direct the extracellular release of recombinant proteins produced in escherichia coli. the cal gene, under the control of its inducible promoter, was introduced into an expression vector encoding the human growth hormone devoid of its signal sequence (met-hgh). cal and met-hgh were simultaneously expressed at two different levels of met-hgh induction. the results indicate that cal causes the excretion of non-aggregated met-hgh from the cytoplasm to t ... | 1993 | 8364095 |
| resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in barbados. | resistance to third-generation, or extended-spectrum, cephalosporins caused by induction of class i beta-lactamases has been reported rarely from developing countries. seven isolates of cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative rods were recovered recently from urine, burns and ulcers in the queen elizabeth hospital, barbados. the isolates were identified as acinetobacter calcoaceticus (2), citrobacter freundii (1), enterobacter cloacae (1), morganella morganii (1), providencia stuartii (1) and prot ... | 1993 | 8367967 |
| copper-resistant enteric bacteria from united kingdom and australian piggeries. | thirty-three enteric isolates from australian (escherichia coli only) and united kingdom (u.k.) (salmonella sp., citrobacter spp., and e. coli) piggeries were characterized with respect to their copper resistance. the copper resistance phenotypes of four new australian e. coli isolates were comparable with that of the previously studied e. coli k-12 strain ed8739(prj1004), in that the resistance level in rich media was high (up to 18 mm cuso4) and resistance was inducible. copper resistance was ... | 1993 | 8368840 |
| lysine-mannitol-glycerol agar, a medium for the isolation of salmonella spp., including s. typhi and atypical strains. | an agar medium for the isolation of salmonella spp. is described. the medium, lysine-mannitol-glycerol agar, has features of both xylose-lysine-deoxycholate agar and mannitol-lysine-crystal violet-brilliant green agar, but glycerol is added for the differentiation of salmonella and citrobacter spp. the medium facilitates the detection of strains having atypical fermentation patterns, such as the lactose- or sucrose-positive salmonellae. the medium also detects salmonella typhi after enrichment. | 1993 | 8368847 |
| monoclonal antibodies that react with live listeria spp. | seven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against listeria spp. that were reactive with live listeria spp. were developed. two of these mabs (55-8 and 55-37) were members of the immunoglobulin m class, and all other mabs were members of the immunoglobulin g class. mab 55-23 reacted with 148 of 157 strains tested. mab 34-51 reacted with serotype 1/2a, 1/2b, and 1/2c strains and exhibited a scattered reaction pattern with strains belonging to other serotypes. mab 55-44 reacted with all of the strains bel ... | 1993 | 8368856 |
| the bacteriophage mu middle operon: essential and nonessential functions. | transcription during the bacteriophage mu lytic cycle occurs in three phases: early, middle, and late. previous dna sequence analysis of the middle operon revealed five potential open reading frames (orfs) with lengths of 39, 42, 72, 120, and 140 amino acids. the distal 140-amino-acid orf encodes c, the activator of late transcription. expression of the middle operon under the control of a t7 promoter and t7 rna polymerase resulted in production of two polypeptides of 15 (orf 120) and 16.5 kda ( ... | 1993 | 8372443 |
| sequences of wild-type and mutant ampd genes of citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae. | the ampd gene product regulates the expression of ampc beta-lactamase in gram-negative bacteria and is proposed to be involved in peptidoglycan metabolism. in this study, we sequenced the ampd wild type and three mutant genes of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. they exhibited a high degree of homology with the corresponding gene of escherichia coli except in the carboxy termini, where, in the wild-type genes of e. cloacae and c. freundii, four additional amino acids yielding the se ... | 1993 | 8383940 |
| comparative antimicrobial activity of lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enoxacin against > 500 bacterial isolates. | an agar dilution technique was used to compare the antimicrobial activities of lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enoxacin against 544 strains of bacterial isolates. among the five quinolone agents tested, ciprofloxacin was the most active. enoxacin was the most active after ciprofloxacin against escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, proteus mirabilis, shigella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, and haemophilus influenzae with an mic90 of < or = 0.25 micrograms/ml. ofloxacin ... | 1993 | 8396196 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of a gene (pchr) encoding an arac family activator of pyochelin and ferripyochelin receptor synthesis in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | pseudomonas aeruginosa k372 is deficient in the production of both the 75-kda ferripyochelin receptor protein and pyochelin. a 1.8-kb ecori-sali fragment which restored production of both the receptor protein and pyochelin was cloned. nucleotide sequencing of the fragment revealed an open reading frame of 888 bp, designated pchr (pyochelin), capable of encoding a 296-amino-acid protein of a 32,339-da molecular mass. by using a phage t7-based expression system, a protein of ca. 32 kda was produce ... | 1993 | 8397186 |
| [oral ofloxacin versus intramuscular ceftriaxone in antibiotic prophylaxis in transurethral prostate resection]. | this randomized prospective study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a single oral dose of ofl compared to a single parenteral dose of ctrx prior to turp. 191 patients (mean age: 68.7 +/- 6.2 years) with bacterial free urine before surgery were enrolled and received either ofl: 400 mg per os (n = 95) or ctrx: 1 g intrasmuscularly (n = 96) at the pre-anaesthetic medication time (two hours prior turp). two urine cultures were obtained: on the day of the patient's discharge and within one month a ... | 1993 | 8401617 |
| replicon typing characterization of plasmids encoding resistance to gentamicin and apramycin in escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium isolated from human and animal sources in belgium. | escherichia coli and salmonella strains with plasmids conferring resistance to gentamicin and apramycin have been isolated with increasing frequency both from cattle and hospital patients in belgium. the apramycin-gentamicin resistance plasmids were characterized in recipient strains by their profiles and molecular weights using agarose gel electrophoresis, by their antimicrobial resistance patterns and by replicon typing using a series of dna probes specific for the genes controlling their syst ... | 1993 | 8405151 |
| the eae gene of citrobacter freundii biotype 4280 is necessary for colonization in transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia. | transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia is characterized by proliferation of anchored stem cells in the mucosa of the descending colon of laboratory mice and is caused by citrobacter freundii biotype 4280. this bacterium produces attaching and effacing lesions in the descending colon prior to the onset of gross hyperplasia. by mutational analysis, the chromosomal eae gene of c. freundii biotype 4280 was shown to be necessary for colonic colonization. conversely, bacteria cured of a 65-kb plasmi ... | 1993 | 8406863 |