| oral spirochetes implicated in dental diseases are widespread in normal human subjects and carry extremely diverse integron gene cassettes. | the nih human microbiome project (hmp) has produced several hundred metagenomic data sets, allowing studies of the many functional elements in human-associated microbial communities. here, we survey the distribution of oral spirochetes implicated in dental diseases in normal human individuals, using recombination sites associated with the chromosomal integron in treponema genomes, taking advantage of the multiple copies of the integron recombination sites (repeats) in the genomes, and using a ta ... | 2012 | 22635997 |
| bacterial community shift in treated periodontitis patients revealed by ion torrent 16s rrna gene amplicon sequencing. | periodontitis, one of the most common diseases in the world, is caused by a mixture of pathogenic bacteria and inflammatory host responses and often treated by antimicrobials as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (srp). our study aims to elucidate explorative and descriptive temporal shifts in bacterial communities between patients treated by srp alone versus srp plus antibiotics. this is the first metagenomic study using an ion torrent personal genome machine (pgm). eight subgingival plaque ... | 2012 | 22870235 |
| exploration of the active site of escherichia coli cystathionine γ-synthase. | cystathionine γ-synthase (cgs) catalyzes the condensation of o-succinyl-l-homoserine (l-oshs) and l-cysteine (l-cys), to produce l-cystathionine (l-cth) and succinate, in the first step of the bacterial transsulfuration pathway. in the absence of l-cys, the enzyme catalyzes the futile α,γ-elimination of l-oshs, yielding succinate, α-ketobutyrate, and ammonia. a series of 16 site-directed variants of escherichia coli cgs (ecgs) was constructed to probe the roles of active-site residues d45, y46, ... | 2012 | 22855027 |
| movement of dna sequence recognition domains between non-orthologous proteins. | comparisons of proteins show that they evolve through the movement of domains. however, in many cases, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. here, we observed the movements of dna recognition domains between non-orthologous proteins within a prokaryote genome. restriction-modification (rm) systems, consisting of a sequence-specific dna methyltransferase and a restriction enzyme, contribute to maintenance/evolution of genomes/epigenomes. rm systems limit horizontal gene transfer but are thems ... | 2012 | 22821560 |
| antibacterial effects of blackberry extract target periodontopathogens. | antimicrobial agents provide valuable adjunctive therapy for the prevention and the control of oral diseases. limitations in their prolonged use have stimulated the search for new, naturally occurring agents with more specific activity and fewer adverse effects. here we sought to determine the antibacterial properties of blackberry extract (bbe) in vitro against oral bacterial commensals and periodontopathogens. | 2012 | 22812456 |
| antibacterial effects of blackberry extract target periodontopathogens. | antimicrobial agents provide valuable adjunctive therapy for the prevention and the control of oral diseases. limitations in their prolonged use have stimulated the search for new, naturally occurring agents with more specific activity and fewer adverse effects. here we sought to determine the antibacterial properties of blackberry extract (bbe) in vitro against oral bacterial commensals and periodontopathogens. | 2012 | 22812456 |
| pathogenicity of treponema denticola wild-type and mutant strain tested by an active mode of periodontal infection using microinjection. | the available passive mode of periodontal infections in mice requires high efficiency of bacterial attachment and invasiveness and is not always suitable to test the pathogenicity of genetically engineered mutant strains. we developed an active mode of oral infection, using microinjection in the marginal gingiva of mice, to test the pathogenicity of a genetically engineered treponema denticola mutant strain deficient in intermediate-like filaments, compared to the wild-type strain. this targeted ... | 2012 | 22829826 |
| comparative evaluation of 0.1% turmeric mouthwash with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate in prevention of plaque and gingivitis: a clinical and microbiological study. | the aim of our clinical trial was to assess the efficacy of 0.1% turmeric mouthwash as an anti-plaque agent and its effect on gingival inflammation and to compare it with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate by evaluating the effect on plaque and gingival inflammation and on microbial load. | 2012 | 23162334 |
| fusobacterium nucleatum and tannerella forsythia induce synergistic alveolar bone loss in a mouse periodontitis model. | tannerella forsythia is strongly associated with chronic periodontitis, an inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues, leading to tooth loss. fusobacterium nucleatum, an opportunistic pathogen, is thought to promote dental plaque formation by serving as a bridge bacterium between early- and late-colonizing species of the oral cavity. previous studies have shown that f. nucleatum species synergize with t. forsythia during biofilm formation and pathogenesis. in the present study, we show ... | 2012 | 22547549 |
| genome-wide association study of periodontal pathogen colonization. | pathological shifts of the human microbiome are characteristic of many diseases, including chronic periodontitis. to date, there is limited evidence on host genetic risk loci associated with periodontal pathogen colonization. we conducted a genome-wide association (gwa) study among 1,020 white participants of the atherosclerosis risk in communities study, whose periodontal diagnosis ranged from healthy to severe chronic periodontitis, and for whom "checkerboard" dna-dna hybridization quantificat ... | 2012 | 22699663 |
| treponema denticola superoxide reductase: in vivo role, in vitro reactivities, and a novel [fe(cys)(4)] site. | in vitro and in vivo results are presented demonstrating that superoxide reductase (sor) from the air-sensitive oral spirochete, treponema denticola (td), is a principal enzymatic scavenger of superoxide in this organism. this sor contains the characteristic non-heme [fe(his)(4)cys] active sites. no other metal-binding domain has been annotated for td sor. however, we found that td sor also accommodates a [fe(cys)(4)] site whose spectroscopic and redox properties resemble those in so-called 2fe- ... | 2012 | 22715932 |
| polymorphic toxin systems: comprehensive characterization of trafficking modes, processing, mechanisms of action, immunity and ecology using comparative genomics. | proteinaceous toxins are observed across all levels of inter-organismal and intra-genomic conflicts. these include recently discovered prokaryotic polymorphic toxin systems implicated in intra-specific conflicts. they are characterized by a remarkable diversity of c-terminal toxin domains generated by recombination with standalone toxin-coding cassettes. prior analysis revealed a striking diversity of nuclease and deaminase domains among the toxin modules. we systematically investigated polymorp ... | 2012 | 22731697 |
| the effects of extracellular matrix proteins on neutrophil-endothelial interaction--a roadway to multiple therapeutic opportunities. | polymorphoneuclear leukocytes or neutrophils, a major component of white blood cells, contribute to the innate immune response in humans. upon sensing changes in the microenvironment, neutrophils adhere to the vascular wall, migrate through the endothelial cell (ec)-pericyte bilayer, and subsequently through the extracellular matrix to reach the site of inflammation. these cells are capable of destroying microbes, cell debris, and foreign proteins by oxidative and non-oxidative processes. while ... | 2012 | 22737047 |
| halitosis: the multidisciplinary approach. | halitosis, bad breath or oral malodour are all synonyms for the same pathology. halitosis has a large social and economic impact. for the majority of patients suffering from bad breath, it causes embarrassment and affects their social communication and life. moreover,halitosis can be indicative of underlying diseases. only a limited number of scientific publications were presented in this field until 1995. ever since, a large amount of research is published, often with lack of evidence. in gener ... | 2012 | 22722640 |
| multiplicity of salmonella entry mechanisms, a new paradigm for salmonella pathogenesis. | the salmonella enterica species includes about 2600 diverse serotypes, most of which cause a wide range of food- and water-borne diseases ranging from self-limiting gastroenteritis to typhoid fever in both humans and animals. moreover, some serotypes are restricted to a few animal species, whereas other serotypes are able to infect plants as well as cold- and warm-blooded animals. an essential feature of the pathogenicity of salmonella is its capacity to cross a number of barriers requiring inva ... | 2012 | 23170225 |
| identification of a unique tlr2-interacting peptide motif in a microbial leucine-rich repeat protein. | pathogenesis of many bacterially-induced inflammatory diseases is driven by toll-like receptor (tlr) mediated immune responses following recognition of bacterial factors by different tlrs. periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the tooth supporting apparatus often leading to tooth loss, and is caused by a gram-negative bacterial consortium that includes tannerella forsythia. this bacterium expresses a virulence factor, the bspa, which drives periodontal inflammation by activating tlr2. the n ... | 2012 | 22695115 |
| recent progress in synthetic biology for microbial production of c3-c10 alcohols. | the growing need to address current energy and environmental problems has sparked an interest in developing improved biological methods to produce liquid fuels from renewable sources. while microbial ethanol production is well established, higher-chain alcohols possess chemical properties that are more similar to gasoline. unfortunately, these alcohols (except 1-butanol) are not produced efficiently in natural microorganisms, and thus economical production in industrial volumes remains a challen ... | 2012 | 22701113 |
| occurrence of periodontal pathogens among patients with chronic periodontitis. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of the periodontal pathogens that form the red complex (tannerella forsythia, porphyromonas gingivalis and treponema denticola) and aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in patients with chronic periodontitis. the sample consisted of 29 patients with a clinical and radiographic diagnosis of chronic periodontitis based on the criteria of the american academy of periodontology (3). samples for microbiological analysis were collected from th ... | 2012 | 24031906 |
| insights into the virulence of oral biofilms: discoveries from proteomics. | this review covers developments in the study of polymicrobial communities, biofilms and selected areas of host response relevant to dental plaque and related areas of oral biology. the emphasis is on recent studies in which proteomic methods, particularly those using mass spectrometry as a readout, have played a major role in the investigation. the last 5-10 years have seen a transition of such methods from the periphery of oral biology to the mainstream, as in other areas of biomedical science. ... | 2012 | 22809209 |
| co-localized or randomly distributed? pair cross correlation of in vivo grown subgingival biofilm bacteria quantified by digital image analysis. | the polymicrobial nature of periodontal diseases is reflected by the diversity of phylotypes detected in subgingival plaque and the finding that consortia of suspected pathogens rather than single species are associated with disease development. a number of these microorganisms have been demonstrated in vitro to interact and enhance biofilm integration, survival or even pathogenic features. to examine the in vivo relevance of these proposed interactions, we extended the spatial arrangement analy ... | 2012 | 22655057 |
| causes of adverse pregnancy outcomes and the role of maternal periodontal status - a review of the literature. | preterm (pt) and low birth weight (lbw) are considered to be the most relevant biological determinants of newborn infants survival, both in developed and in developing countries. numerous risk factors for pt and lbw have been defined in the literature. infections of the genitourinary tract infections along with various biological and genetic factors are considered to be the most common etiological factors for pt/lbw deliveries. however, evidence suggests that sub-clinical infection sites that ar ... | 2012 | 22615718 |
| relationship between oral anaerobic bacteria and otitis media with effusion. | in this study hypothesing the translocation of oral bacteria from oropharynx into the middle ear cavity may be involved in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (ome), we aimed to investigate the presence and similarity of fusobacterium nucleatum and treponema denticola in saliva, nasopharyngeal secretion and the middle ear effusion samples from the children with ome. | 2012 | 22606045 |
| spontaneous periodontitis development in diabetic rats involves an unrestricted expression of inflammatory cytokines and tissue destructive factors in the absence of major changes in commensal oral microbiota. | diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of disorders, in which hyperglycemia is a main feature. the objective was to evaluate the involvement of rage, inflammatory cytokines, and metalloproteinases in spontaneous periodontitis triggered by diabetes induction. immunohistochemical procedures for mmp-2, mmp-9, tnf-α, il-1β, il-6, rankl, and rage were performed in rats after 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of diabetes induction. total dna was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues and evaluated by re ... | 2012 | 22611374 |
| identification of an intracellular m17 family leucine aminopeptidase that is required for virulence in staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus is a highly virulent bacterial pathogen capable of causing a variety of ailments throughout the human body. it is a major public health concern due to the continued emergence of highly pathogenic methicillin resistant strains (mrsa) both within hospitals and in the community. virulence in s. aureus is mediated by an array of secreted and cell wall associated virulence factors, including toxins, hemolysins and proteases. in this work we identify a leucine aminopeptidase (lap ... | 2012 | 22613209 |
| serum antibodies to periodontal pathogens are a risk factor for alzheimer's disease. | chronic inflammation in periodontal disease has been suggested as a potential risk factor in alzheimer's disease (ad). the purpose of this study was to examine serum antibody levels to bacteria of periodontal disease in participants who eventually converted to ad compared with the antibody levels in control subjects. | 2012 | 22546352 |
| prevalence of fima genotypes of porphyromonas gingivalis and other periodontal bacteria in a spanish population with chronic periodontitis. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the different fima genotypes of porphyromonas gingivalis in adult spanish patients with chronic periodontitis, patients with gingivitis and periodontally healthy subjects, and the relationship between these genotypes and other periodontopathogenic bacteria. | 2012 | 22549664 |
| tprc/d (tp0117/131), a trimeric, pore-forming rare outer membrane protein of treponema pallidum, has a bipartite domain structure. | identification of treponema pallidum rare outer membrane proteins (omps) has been a longstanding objective of syphilis researchers. we recently developed a consensus computational framework that employs a battery of cellular localization and topological prediction tools to generate ranked clusters of candidate rare omps (d. l. cox et al., infect. immun. 78:5178-5194, 2010). tp0117/tp0131 (tprc/d), a member of the t. pallidum repeat (tpr) family, was a highly ranked candidate. circular dichroism, ... | 2012 | 22389487 |
| oral bacteria and yeasts in relationship to oral ulcerations in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. | oral mucositis is a serious and debilitating side effect of conditioning regimens for hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct). through hsct, the homeostasis in the oral cavity is disrupted. the contribution of the oral microflora to mucositis remains to be clarified. the aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between yeasts, bacteria associated with periodontitis, and oral ulcerations in hsct recipients. | 2012 | 22531876 |
| regulation of mnth by a dual mn(ii)- and fe(ii)-dependent transcriptional repressor (dr2539) in deinococcus radiodurans. | the high intracellular mn/fe ratio observed within the bacteria deinococcus radiodurans may contribute to its remarkable resistance to environmental stresses. we isolated dr2539, a novel regulator of intracellular mn/fe homeostasis in d. radiodurans. electrophoretic gel mobility shift assays (emsas) revealed that dr2539 binds specifically to the promoter of the manganese acquisition transporter (mnth) gene, and that dr0865, the only fur homologue in d. radiodurans, cannot bind to the promoter of ... | 2012 | 22523570 |
| acquisition of complement inhibitor serine protease factor i and its cofactors c4b-binding protein and factor h by prevotella intermedia. | infection with the gram-negative pathogen prevotella intermedia gives rise to periodontitis and a growing number of studies implies an association of p. intermedia with rheumatoid arthritis. the serine protease factor i (fi) is the central inhibitor of complement degrading complement components c3b and c4b in the presence of cofactors such as c4b-binding protein (c4bp) and factor h (fh). yet, the significance of complement inhibitor acquisition in p. intermedia infection and fi binding by gram-n ... | 2012 | 22514678 |
| papillon-lefèvre syndrome: case report and review of the literature. | papillon-lefèvre syndrome is a very rare syndrome of autosomal recessive inheritance characterized by palmar-plantar hyperkeratosis and early onset of a severe destructive periodontitis leading to premature loss of both primary and permanent dentitions. various etiopathogenic factors are associated with the syndrome; but a recent report has suggested that the condition is linked to mutations of the cathepsin c gene. two cases of papillon-lefèvre syndrome in the same family, having all of the cha ... | 2012 | 23055596 |
| association between interleukin-1 gene polymorphism and severity of chronic periodontitis in a south indian population group. | periodontitis is a bacterial disease modified by multiple factors. interleukin-1 (il-1) is a key regulator of the host response and a major modulator of extracellular matrix catabolism and bone resorption. it has been reported that variations in il-1 gene are associated with increased susceptibility to periodontitis. the aims of the study were 1) to analyze the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphism of il-1 (il-1a-+4845 and il-1b-+3954) and 2) to correlate the association of the composit ... | 2012 | 23055581 |
| effect of periodontal pathogens on the metatranscriptome of a healthy multispecies biofilm model. | oral bacterial biofilms are highly complex microbial communities with up to 700 different bacterial taxa. we report here the use of metatranscriptomic analysis to study patterns of community gene expression in a multispecies biofilm model composed of species found in healthy oral biofilms (actinomyces naeslundii, lactobacillus casei, streptococcus mitis, veillonella parvula, and fusobacterium nucleatum) and the same biofilm plus the periodontopathogens porphyromonas gingivalis and aggregatibacte ... | 2012 | 22328675 |
| features of two proteins of leptospira interrogans with potential role in host-pathogen interactions. | leptospirosis is considered a re-emerging infectious disease caused by pathogenic spirochaetes of the genus leptospira. pathogenic leptospires have the ability to survive and disseminate to multiple organs after penetrating the host. leptospires were shown to express surface proteins that interact with the extracellular matrix (ecm) and to plasminogen (plg). this study examined the interaction of two putative leptospiral proteins with laminin, collagen type i, collagen type iv, cellular fibronec ... | 2012 | 22463075 |
| treponema denticola chymotrypsin-like proteinase (ctlp) integrates spirochaetes within oral microbial communities. | treponema denticola is found ubiquitously in the human oral cavity and is mainly associated with bacterial communities implicated in the establishment and development of periodontal disease. the ability to become integrated within biofilm communities is crucial to the growth and survival of oral bacteria, and involves inter-bacterial coaggregation, metabolic cooperation, and synergy against host defences. in this article we show that the chymotrypsin-like proteinase (ctlp), found within a high-m ... | 2012 | 22313692 |
| chemically modified tetracyclines: novel therapeutic agents in the management of chronic periodontitis. | chronic periodontitis is a complex infection initiated by gram-negative bacteria which destroy the supporting structures of the tooth. recently, it has been recognized that it is the host response to bacterial infection which causes greater destruction of the connective tissue elements, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone in periodontitis. this has led to the development of various host modulating approaches to target cells and their destructive mediators involved in tissue degradation. chemi ... | 2012 | 22529468 |
| understanding the roles of gingival beta-defensins. | gingival epithelium produces β-defensins, small cationic peptides, as part of its contribution to the innate host defense against the bacterial challenge that is constantly present in the oral cavity. besides their functions in healthy gingival tissues, β-defensins are involved in the initiation and progression, as well as restriction of periodontal tissue destruction, by acting as antimicrobial, chemotactic, and anti-inflammatory agents. in this article, we review the common knowledge about β-d ... | 2012 | 22389759 |
| host-pathogen dynamics: it's complicated! | | 2012 | 22368768 |
| treponema denticola interactions with host proteins. | oral treponema species, most notably t. denticola, are implicated in the destructive effects of human periodontal disease. progress in the molecular analysis of interactions between t. denticola and host proteins is reviewed here, with particular emphasis on the characterization of surface-expressed and secreted proteins of t. denticola involved in interactions with host cells, extracellular matrix components, and components of the innate immune system. | 2012 | 22368767 |
| involvement of a periodontal pathogen, porphyromonas gingivalis on the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. | non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome that is closely associated with multiple factors such as obesity, hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. however, other risk factors for the development of nafld are unclear. with the association between periodontal disease and the development of systemic diseases receiving increasing attention recently, we conducted this study to investigate the relationship between nafld and infection with porphyro ... | 2012 | 22340817 |
| microbiologic profile of endodontic infections from hiv- and hiv+ patients using multiple-displacement amplification and checkerboard dna-dna hybridization. | to compare the microbiota of endodontic infections in necrotic pulp from hiv-negative and hiv-positive subjects. | 2012 | 22335194 |
| beta-hexosaminidase activity of the oral pathogen tannerella forsythia influences biofilm formation on glycoprotein substrates. | tannerella forsythia is an important pathogen in periodontal disease. previously, we showed that its sialidase activity is key to utilization of sialic acid from a range of human glycoproteins for biofilm growth and initial adhesion. removal of terminal sialic acid residues often exposes β-linked glucosamine or galactosamine, which may also be important adhesive molecules. in turn, these residues are often removed by a group of enzymes known as β-hexosaminidases. we show here that t. forsythia h ... | 2012 | 22276920 |
| rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis - inflammatory and infectious connections. review of the literature. | an association between oral disease/periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (ra) has been considered since the early 1820s. the early treatment was tooth eradication. epidemiological studies suggest that the prevalence of ra and periodontitis may be similar and about 5% of the population are aged 50 years or older. ra is considered as an autoimmune disease whereas periodontitis has an infectious etiology with a complex inflammatory response. both diseases are chronic and may present with bursts o ... | 2012 | 22347541 |
| analysis of the salivary microbiome using culture-independent techniques. | the salivary microbiota is a potential diagnostic indicator of several diseases. culture-independent techniques are required to study the salivary microbial community since many of its members have not been cultivated. | 2012 | 22300522 |
| disabled patients and oral health in rome, italy: long-term evaluation of educational initiatives. | this study is concerned with the educational intervention layout proposed as a possible answer for the disparities in healthcare services for disabled persons. | 2012 | 22545186 |
| disabled patients and oral health in rome, italy: long-term evaluation of educational initiatives. | this study is concerned with the educational intervention layout proposed as a possible answer for the disparities in healthcare services for disabled persons. | 2012 | 22545186 |
| a metalloproteinase karilysin present in the majority of tannerella forsythia isolates inhibits all pathways of the complement system. | tannerella forsythia is a poorly studied pathogen despite being one of the main causes of periodontitis, which is an inflammatory disease of the supporting structures of the teeth. we found that despite being recognized by all complement pathways, t. forsythia is resistant to killing by human complement, which is present at up to 70% of serum concentration in gingival crevicular fluid. incubation of human serum with karilysin, a metalloproteinase of t. forsythia, resulted in a decrease in bacter ... | 2012 | 22287711 |
| analysis of the cell surface layer ultrastructure of the oral pathogen tannerella forsythia. | the gram-negative oral pathogen tannerella forsythia is decorated with a 2d crystalline surface (s-) layer, with two different s-layer glycoprotein species being present. prompted by the predicted virulence potential of the s-layer, this study focused on the analysis of the arrangement of the individual s-layer glycoproteins by a combination of microscopic, genetic, and biochemical analyses. the two s-layer genes are transcribed into mrna and expressed into protein in equal amounts. the s-layer ... | 2012 | 22273979 |
| non-inflammatory destructive periodontal disease: a clinical, microbiological, immunological and genetic investigation. | periodontitis comprises a group of multifactorial diseases in which periodontopathogens accumulate in dental plaque and trigger host chronic inflammatory and immune responses against periodontal structures, which are determinant to the disease outcome. although unusual cases of non-inflammatory destructive periodontal disease (nidpd) are described, their pathogenesis remains unknown. a unique nidpd case was investigated by clinical, microbiological, immunological and genetic tools. the patient, ... | 2012 | 22437688 |
| intraperiodontal pocket: an ideal route for local antimicrobial drug delivery. | periodontal pockets act as a natural reservoir filled with gingival crevicular fluid for the controlled release delivery of antimicrobials directly. this article reflects the present status of nonsurgical controlled local intrapocket delivery of antimicrobials in the treatment of periodontitis. these sites have specialty in terms of anatomy, permeability, and their ability to retain a delivery system for a desired length of time. a number of antimicrobial products and the composition of the deli ... | 2012 | 22470888 |
| bacterial invasion of vascular cell types: vascular infectology and atherogenesis. | to portray the chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis, leukocytic cell types involved in the immune response to invading pathogens are often the focus. however, atherogenesis is a complex pathological deterioration of the arterial walls, where vascular cell types are participants with regards to deterioration and disease. since other recent reviews have detailed the role of both the innate and adaptive immune response in atherosclerosis, herein we will summarize the latest developments regardin ... | 2012 | 22185451 |
| local drug delivery agents as adjuncts to endodontic and periodontal therapy. | in the treatment of intracanal and periodontal infections, the local application of antibiotics and other therapeutic agents in the root canal or in periodontal pockets may be a promising approach to achieve sustained/controlled drug release, high antimicrobial activity and low systemic side effects. the conventional method for the elimination of subgingival microbial infection includes mechanical debridement, irrigation with antimicrobial agents or surgical access. but, the effectiveness of con ... | 2013 | 24868252 |
| changes in clinical and microbiological periodontal profiles relate to progression of carotid intima-media thickness: the oral infections and vascular disease epidemiology study. | no prospective studies exist on the relationship between change in periodontal clinical and microbiological status and progression of carotid atherosclerosis. | 2013 | 24166489 |
| crevicular fluid biomarkers and periodontal disease progression. | assess the ability of a panel of gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) biomarkers as predictors of periodontal disease progression (pdp). | 2013 | 24303954 |
| crevicular fluid biomarkers and periodontal disease progression. | assess the ability of a panel of gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) biomarkers as predictors of periodontal disease progression (pdp). | 2013 | 24303954 |
| interleukin-8 responses of multi-layer gingival epithelia to subgingival biofilms: role of the "red complex" species. | periodontitis is an infectious inflammatory disease that results in the destruction of the tooth-supporting (periodontal) tissues. the gram-negative anaerobic species porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythia and treponema denticola, (also known as the "red complex" species) are highly associated with subgingival biofilms at periodontitis-affected sites. a major chemokine produced by the gingival epithelium in response to biofilm challenge, is interleukin (il)-8. the aim of this in vitro st ... | 2013 | 24339946 |
| biochemical and molecular characterization of treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes isolated from a bovine digital dermatitis lesion. | bovine papillomatous digital dermatitis (dd) is the leading cause of lameness in dairy cattle and represents a serious welfare and economic burden. found primarily in high production dairy cattle worldwide, dd is characterized by the development of an often painful red, raw ulcerative or papillomatous lesion frequently located near the interdigital cleft and above the bulbs of the heel. while the exact etiology is unknown, several spirochete species have been isolated from lesion material. four ... | 2013 | 24304812 |
| impact of early colonizers on in vitro subgingival biofilm formation. | the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of early colonizing species on the structure and the composition of the bacterial community developing in a subgingival 10-species biofilm model system. the model included streptococcus oralis, streptococcus anginosus, actinomycesoris, fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum, veillonella dispar, campylobacter rectus, prevotella intermedia, porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythia, and treponema denticola. based on literature, we consider ... | 2013 | 24340084 |
| application of a diode laser in the reduction of targeted periodontal pathogens. | periodontal disease belongs to a group of diseases with more than one cause, it is a disease of a multifactorial etiology. although bacteria are the main cause of the disease, immunoinflammatory reaction of the host is responsible for the majority of destructive changes in periodontal tissue. the main issue in the evaluation of the success of periodontal therapy is the pluralism of the bacteria and their dynamic changes during the duration, on the one hand, and the possible inaccuracy of classic ... | 2013 | 24554796 |
| periodontitis and buerger's disease: recent advances. | buerger's disease (bd) is a relatively rare thrombotic, occlusive and non-atherosclerotic clinical syndrome of unknown etiology. in recent years, numerous epidemiological studies confirmed the strong association between chronic anaerobic periodontal infection and development of cardiovascular diseases, including bd. therefore, the aim of this study is to clarify association between periodontal pathogens and buerger's disease. confirmation of presence and identification of periopathogens in patie ... | 2013 | 24554799 |
| characterization of three novel adhesins of leptospira interrogans. | we report cloning, expression, purification, and characterization of three predicted leptospiral membrane proteins (lic11360, lic11009, and lic11975). in silico analysis and proteinase k accessibility data suggest that these proteins might be surface exposed. we show that proteins encoded by lic11360, lic11009 and lic11975 genes interact with laminin in a dose-dependent and saturable manner. the proteins are referred to as leptospiral surface adhesions 23, 26, and 36 (lsa23, lsa26, and lsa36), r ... | 2013 | 23958908 |
| emerging roles of the microbiome in cancer. | gene-environment interactions underlie cancer susceptibility and progression. yet, we still have limited knowledge of which environmental factors are important and how they function during tumorigenesis. in this respect, the microbial communities that inhabit our gastrointestinal tract and other body sites have been unappreciated until recently. however, our microbiota are environmental factors that we are exposed to continuously, and human microbiome studies have revealed significant difference ... | 2013 | 24302613 |
| emerging roles of the microbiome in cancer. | gene-environment interactions underlie cancer susceptibility and progression. yet, we still have limited knowledge of which environmental factors are important and how they function during tumorigenesis. in this respect, the microbial communities that inhabit our gastrointestinal tract and other body sites have been unappreciated until recently. however, our microbiota are environmental factors that we are exposed to continuously, and human microbiome studies have revealed significant difference ... | 2013 | 24302613 |
| haplotype analysis of interleukin-8 gene polymorphisms in chronic and aggressive periodontitis. | periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by connective tissue loss and alveolar bone destruction. interleukin-8 (il8) is important in the regulation of the immune response. the aim of this study was to analyze four polymorphisms in the il8 gene in relation to chronic (cp) and aggressive (agp) periodontitis. | 2013 | 24368875 |
| microbiological tests to identify a link between periodontitis and acute myocardial infarction-an original research. | gingival and periodontal diseases are associated with specific bacterial infections. the main aim of the study was to know whether the periodontitis is associated with an increased risk for acute myocardial infarction (ami) and to know the distribution of porphyromonas gingivalis in patients with acute myocardial infarction associated with chronic periodontitis and acute myocardial infarction groups. | 2013 | 25848510 |
| periodontal treatment downregulates protease-activated receptor 2 in human gingival crevicular fluid cells. | protease-activated receptor 2 (par2) is implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis; it can be activated by gingipain and produced by porphyromonas gingivalis and by neutrophil protease 3 (p3). par2 activation plays a relevant role in inflammatory processes by inducing the release of important inflammatory mediators associated with periodontal breakdown. the effects of periodontal treatment on par2 expression and its association with levels of proinfl ... | 2013 | 24042113 |
| patient-specific analysis of periodontal and peri-implant microbiomes. | periodontally involved teeth have been implicated as 'microbial reservoirs' in the etiology of peri-implant diseases. therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to use a deep-sequencing approach to identify the degree of congruence between adjacent peri-implant and periodontal microbiomes in states of health and disease. subgingival and peri-implant biofilm samples were collected from 81 partially edentulous individuals with periodontal and peri-implant health and disease. bacterial dna wa ... | 2013 | 24158341 |
| smoking-related cotinine levels and host responses in chronic periodontitis. | smoking has been reported to increase the risk of periodontal disease by disrupting the balance of immune responses and tissue repair processes; however, this risk varies among smokers. cotinine levels in saliva are routinely used to measure the level of smoking, and reflect the quantity of nicotine, and other smoking-related xenobiotics that challenge host systems. this study delineated characteristics of inflammatory mediators in saliva and serum antibody responses to both periodontal pathogen ... | 2013 | 24283398 |
| smoking-related cotinine levels and host responses in chronic periodontitis. | smoking has been reported to increase the risk of periodontal disease by disrupting the balance of immune responses and tissue repair processes; however, this risk varies among smokers. cotinine levels in saliva are routinely used to measure the level of smoking, and reflect the quantity of nicotine, and other smoking-related xenobiotics that challenge host systems. this study delineated characteristics of inflammatory mediators in saliva and serum antibody responses to both periodontal pathogen ... | 2013 | 24283398 |
| high incidence of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans infection in patients with cerebral infarction and diabetic renal failure: a cross-sectional study. | recent epidemiological studies suggest that periodontitis is a major risk factor for renal failure and cerebral infarction. the aim of this study was to evaluate the association among periodontitis, renal failure, and cerebral infarction, focusing on microbiological and immunological features. | 2013 | 24267704 |
| clinical trial subjects: "panning gold". | | 2013 | 24350222 |
| the gastrointestinal microbiome and musculoskeletal diseases: a beneficial role for probiotics and prebiotics. | natural medicines are an attractive option for patients diagnosed with common and debilitating musculoskeletal diseases such as osteoarthritis (oa) or rheumatoid arthritis (ra). the high rate of self-medication with natural products is due to (1) lack of an available cure and (2) serious adverse events associated with chronic use of pharmaceutical medications in particular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) and high dose paracetamol. pharmaceuticals to treat pain may disrupt gastroin ... | 2013 | 25437335 |
| genetic mapping in papillon-lefèvre syndrome: a report of two cases. | papillon-lefevre syndrome (pls) is a rare autosomal recessive heterogeneous trait which is characterized by erythematous palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, early-onset periodontitis, and associated calcification of dura mater. the etiology of pls is multifactorial with genetic, immunological, and microbial factors playing a role in etiopathogenesis. recently identified genetic defect in pls has been mapped to chromosome 11q14-q21, which involves mutations of cathepsin c. this paper presents a report o ... | 2013 | 24303219 |
| characterizing the s-layer structure and anti-s-layer antibody recognition on intact tannerella forsythia cells by scanning probe microscopy and small angle x-ray scattering. | tannerella forsythia is among the most potent triggers of periodontal diseases, and approaches to understand underlying mechanisms are currently intensively pursued. a ~22-nm-thick, 2d crystalline surface (s-) layer that completely covers tannerella forsythia cells is crucially involved in the bacterium-host cross-talk. the s-layer is composed of two intercalating glycoproteins (tfsa-gp, tfsb-gp) that are aligned into a periodic lattice. to characterize this unique s-layer structure at the nanom ... | 2013 | 24089361 |
| bacteremia following scaling and root planing: a clinico-microbiological study. | bacteremia frequently occurs after treatment procedures such as extractions, scaling, root planing, periodontal surgery. there is currently significant interest in the possibility that bacteremia with oral bacteria may play role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. there are well-conducted studies that have determined the frequency of passage of periodontal microorganisms to the bloodstream after periodontal treatment. there is scarce information related to the incidence of periodontopathic micro ... | 2013 | 24554880 |
| prevelance of periodontopathogenic bacteria in subgingival biofilm and atherosclerotic plaques of patients undergoing coronary revascularization surgery. | the objective of the present study was to detect the presence of specific periodontopathogenic bacteria in the coronary plaque of patients with coronary artery disease and to find out the significant association between the periodontal status and the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the coronary plaque. | 2013 | 24554879 |
| metabolic proximity in the order of colonization of a microbial community. | microbial biofilms are often composed of multiple bacterial species that accumulate by adhering to a surface and to each other. biofilms can be resistant to antibiotics and physical stresses, posing unresolved challenges in the fight against infectious diseases. it has been suggested that early colonizers of certain biofilms could cause local environmental changes, favoring the aggregation of subsequent organisms. here we ask whether the enzyme content of different microbes in a well-characteriz ... | 2013 | 24204896 |
| immunomicrobial pathogenesis of periodontitis: keystones, pathobionts, and host response. | recent studies have uncovered novel mechanisms underlying the breakdown of periodontal host-microbe homeostasis, which can precipitate dysbiosis and periodontitis in susceptible hosts. dysbiotic microbial communities of keystone pathogens and pathobionts are thought to exhibit synergistic virulence whereby not only can they endure the host response but can also thrive by exploiting tissue-destructive inflammation, which fuels a self-feeding cycle of escalating dysbiosis and inflammatory bone los ... | 2013 | 24269668 |
| immunomicrobial pathogenesis of periodontitis: keystones, pathobionts, and host response. | recent studies have uncovered novel mechanisms underlying the breakdown of periodontal host-microbe homeostasis, which can precipitate dysbiosis and periodontitis in susceptible hosts. dysbiotic microbial communities of keystone pathogens and pathobionts are thought to exhibit synergistic virulence whereby not only can they endure the host response but can also thrive by exploiting tissue-destructive inflammation, which fuels a self-feeding cycle of escalating dysbiosis and inflammatory bone los ... | 2013 | 24269668 |
| protein-linked glycans in periodontal bacteria: prevalence and role at the immune interface. | protein modification with complex glycans is increasingly being recognized in many pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria, and is now thought to be central to the successful life-style of those species in their respective hosts. this review aims to convey current knowledge on the extent of protein glycosylation in periodontal pathogenic bacteria and its role in the modulation of the host immune responses. the available data show that surface glycans of periodontal bacteria orchestrate dendritic ... | 2013 | 24146665 |
| determination of periodontopathogens in patients with cri du chat syndrome. | cri du chat syndrome is a genetic alteration associated with some oral pathologies. however, it has not been described previously any clinical relationship between the periodontal disease and the syndrome. the purpose of this comparative study was to compare periodontopathogenic flora in a group with cri du chat syndrome and another without the síndrome, to assess a potential microbiological predisposition to suffer a periodontitis. | 2013 | 24121919 |
| effect of nadir cd4+ t cell count on clinical measures of periodontal disease in hiv+ adults before and during immune reconstitution on haart. | the contribution of hiv-infection to periodontal disease (pd) is poorly understood. we proposed that immunological markers would be associated with improved clinical measures of pd. | 2013 | 24146949 |
| microbial changes in subgingival plaque and polymicrobial intracellular flora in buccal cells after fixed orthodontic appliance therapy: a preliminary study. | the oral ecosystem is strictly related to a balance maintained by specific niches recognized as sites, where oral bacteria can metabolize avoiding the immune system response. the oral bacteria species that colonize the ecological niches vary during fixed orthodontic treatment, with a prevalence of periodontal bacterial species. qualitative analysis of five periodontal pathogens was used to investigate the microbial colonization rate in the crevice and buccal epithelial cells. the presence of ina ... | 2013 | 24223591 |
| variations in inflammatory genes are associated with periodontitis. | periodontitis is a multi-factorial disease and several risk-factors such as infections, inflammatory responses, oral hygiene, smoke, aging and individual predisposition are involved in the disease. pathogens trigger chronic inflammation with cytokines release which in turn leads to the destruction of the connective and the teeth supporting bone. the identification of genetic factors controlling oral inflammation may increase our understanding of genetic predisposition to periodontitis.single nuc ... | 2013 | 24274085 |
| salivary biomarkers: toward future clinical and diagnostic utilities. | the pursuit of timely, cost-effective, accurate, and noninvasive diagnostic methodologies is an endeavor of urgency among clinicians and scientists alike. detecting pathologies at their earliest stages can significantly affect patient discomfort, prognosis, therapeutic intervention, survival rates, and recurrence. diagnosis and monitoring often require painful invasive procedures such as biopsies and repeated blood draws, adding undue stress to an already unpleasant experience. the discovery of ... | 2013 | 24092855 |
| acrylyl-coenzyme a reductase, an enzyme involved in the assimilation of 3-hydroxypropionate by rhodobacter sphaeroides. | the anoxygenic phototroph rhodobacter sphaeroides uses 3-hydroxypropionate as a sole carbon source for growth. previously, we showed that the gene (rsp_1434) known as acui, which encodes a protein of the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (mdr) superfamily, was involved in 3-hydroxypropionate assimilation via the reductive conversion to propionyl-coenzyme a (coa). based on these results, we speculated that acui encoded acrylyl-coa reductase. in this work, we characterize the in vitro enzyme ac ... | 2013 | 23955006 |
| defensins and ll-37: a review of function in the gingival epithelium. | antimicrobial peptides represent an important aspect of the innate defense system that contributes to the control of bacterial colonization and infection. as studies have progressed it has become clear that antimicrobial peptides manifest other functions in addition to their antimicrobial effects. these functions include chemotaxis of numerous types of host cells involved in both the innate and adaptive immune responses. in this review, the antimicrobial activity, the regulation and the contribu ... | 2013 | 23931055 |
| orthogonal cas9 proteins for rna-guided gene regulation and editing. | the cas9 protein from the streptococcus pyogenes crispr-cas acquired immune system has been adapted for both rna-guided genome editing and gene regulation in a variety of organisms, but it can mediate only a single activity at a time within any given cell. here we characterize a set of fully orthogonal cas9 proteins and demonstrate their ability to mediate simultaneous and independently targeted gene regulation and editing in bacteria and in human cells. we find that cas9 orthologs display consi ... | 2013 | 24076762 |
| the lysine gingipain adhesin domains from porphyromonas gingivalis interact with erythrocytes and albumin: structures correlate to function. | the crystal structure of the k1 domain, an adhesin module of the lysine gingipain (kgp) expressed on the cell surface by the periodontopathic anaerobic bacterium, porphyromonas gingivalis w83, is compared to the previously determined structures of homologues k2 and k3, all three being representative members of the cleaved adhesin domain family. in the structure of k1, the conformation of the most extensive surface loop is unexpectedly perturbed, perhaps by crystal packing, and is displaced from ... | 2013 | 24265933 |
| binding properties of treponema denticola lipooligosaccharide. | the cell-surface lipooligosaccharide (los) of treponema denticola possesses several biological properties. the aim of this study was to investigate the binding properties of t. denticola los to extracellular matrix (ecm) proteins, mucosal cells, and oral bacteria. | 2013 | 24049558 |
| functional role of oligomerization for bacterial and plant sweet sugar transporter family. | eukaryotic sugar transporters of the mfs and sweet superfamilies consist of 12 and 7 α-helical transmembrane domains (tms), respectively. structural analyses indicate that mfs transporters evolved from a series of tandem duplications of an ancestral 3-tm unit. sweets are heptahelical proteins carrying a tandem repeat of 3-tm separated by a single tm. here, we show that prokaryotes have ancestral sweet homologs with only 3-tm and that the bradyrhizobium japonicum semisweet1, like arabidopsis swee ... | 2013 | 24027245 |
| characterization of c-s lyase from c. diphtheriae: a possible target for new antimicrobial drugs. | the emergence of antibiotic resistance in microbial pathogens requires the identification of new antibacterial drugs. the biosynthesis of methionine is an attractive target because of its central importance in cellular metabolism. moreover, most of the steps in methionine biosynthesis pathway are absent in mammals, lowering the probability of unwanted side effects. herein, detailed biochemical characterization of one enzyme required for methionine biosynthesis, a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (plp-) de ... | 2013 | 24106714 |
| transcriptome analysis of encystation in entamoeba invadens. | encystation is an essential differentiation process for the completion of the life cycle of a group of intestinal protozoa including entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. however, regulation of gene expression during encystation is poorly understood. to comprehensively understand the process at the molecular level, the transcriptomic profiles of e. invadens, which is a related reptilian species that causes an invasive disease similar to that of e ... | 2013 | 24040350 |
| the thiamine biosynthetic enzyme thic catalyzes multiple turnovers and is inhibited by s-adenosylmethionine (adomet) metabolites. | thic (4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase; ec 4.1.99.17) is a radical s-adenosylmethionine (adomet) enzyme that uses a [4fe-4s](+) cluster to reductively cleave adomet to methionine and a 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical that initiates catalysis. in plants and bacteria, thic converts the purine intermediate 5-aminoimidazole ribotide to 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate, an intermediate of thiamine pyrophosphate (coenzyme b1) biosynthesis. in this study, assay ... | 2013 | 24014032 |
| the effect of adjunctive low-dose doxycycline and licorice therapy on gingival crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels in chronic periodontitis. | this study compared the effect of adjunctive low dose doxycycline and licorice on gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) matrix metalloproteinase-8 (mmp-8) levels in patients with chronic periodontitis. | 2013 | 24348620 |
| dental abscess: a microbiological review. | dental abscess is a frequently occurring infectious process known to the health practice. the fate of the infection depends on the virulence of the bacteria, host resistance factors, and regional anatomy. serious consequences arising from the spread of a dental abscess lead to significant morbidity and mortality. acute dental abscess is polymicrobial, comprising of strict anaerobes, such as anaerobic cocci, prevotella, fusobacterium species, and facultative anaerobes, such as viridans group stre ... | 2013 | 24348613 |
| effect of controlled-release periochip™ on clinical and microbiological parameters in patients of chronic periodontitis. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the clinical and microbiological effectiveness of periochip™ as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (srp) with srp alone in patients with chronic periodontitis. | 2013 | 24174754 |
| a consortium of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, streptococcus parasanguinis, and filifactor alocis is present in sites prior to bone loss in a longitudinal study of localized aggressive periodontitis. | aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced localized aggressive periodontitis (lap) in african-american adolescents has been documented but is poorly understood. two thousand fifty-eight adolescents aged 11 to 17 years were screened for their periodontal status and the presence of a. actinomycetemcomitans in their oral cavity. seventy-one a. actinomycetemcomitans-negative and 63 a. actinomycetemcomitans-positive periodontally healthy subjects were enrolled, sampled, examined, and radiographed ... | 2013 | 23784124 |
| anticardiolipin in porphyromonas gingivalis antisera causes fetal loss in mice. | β2-glycoprotein i (β2gpi)-dependent anticardiolipin autoantibodies (acl) are associated with thrombosis and fetal loss. some microbial pathogens can induce pathogenic antibodies cross-reactive with β2gpi. sera from a significant percentage of periodontitis patients contain acl, and some periodontal pathogens contain antigens with peptide sequences having homology to β2gpi. we hypothesized that antibodies raised against p. gingivalis (apg) contain pathogenic acl that induce fetal resorption. we i ... | 2013 | 23857644 |
| quantitative analysis of periodontal pathogens present in the saliva of geriatric subjects. | at present, information regarding periodontal disease in geriatric patients is scarce. the purpose of this study was to quantify the periodontal pathogens present in the saliva of korean geriatric patients and assess the relationship between the bacterial levels and the periodontal condition. | 2013 | 24040571 |