| ugandan hiv-1 v3 loop sequences closely related to the u.s./european consensus. | the third variable (v3) loop of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) envelope protein is an important determinant for virus neutralization and cell tropism. v3 loop sequences from uncultured lymphocytes obtained in 1990 from 22 ugandan hiv-1-infected patients could, with the exception of two patients' sequences, be divided into two groups (a and b) on the basis the v3 loop size and sequence. the v3 loop consensus sequences from both groups showed a high degree of homology to a u.s./eu ... | 1992 | 1519357 |
| localization of siv in the genital tract of chronically infected female rhesus macaques. | despite the fact that human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is transmitted primarily by sexual contact, the biology of the sexual transmission of hiv is poorly understood. simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) can be transmitted to female rhesus macaques by placing cell-free virus into the vaginal canal, and siv can be isolated from the vaginal secretions of infected rhesus macaques. the authors examined the genital tracts from 16 chronically infected female rhesus macaques and localized siv-infected ... | 1992 | 1519670 |
| pulmonary function in human immunodeficiency virus infection. a prospective 18-month study of serial lung function in 474 patients. | to investigate the development of a reduced dlco in patients with hiv-related disease, we studied 474 hiv-seropositive patients and performed serial lung function measurements over 18 months. the mean values of dlco at presentation were lower in patients with more advanced hiv disease compared with asymptomatic hiv-seropositive patients (dlco 88% of predicted). when compared with the dlco in asymptomatic hiv-seropositive patients, the dlco had reduced values in patients with persistent generaliz ... | 1992 | 1519857 |
| impact of human immunodeficiency virus on medical and surgical residents. | background--previous surveys of resident physicians on human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) matters have tended to focus on urban programs serving a patient population with an expected high prevalence of hiv infection. the objective of this study was to survey a community hospital residency program in a nonurban area with a perceived low hiv patient seroprevalence. methods--a 32-question survey was completed on an anonymous basis by the entire 74 member multidisciplinary resident physician group a ... | 1992 | 1520046 |
| pneumococcal pneumonia in adult hospitalized patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | to determine the attack rate; clinical, radiologic, and laboratory characteristics; and outcome of pneumococcal pneumonia in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and to compare these characteristics with those of pneumococcal pneumonia in the general population. | 1992 | 1520047 |
| the effect of educational preparation on physician performance with a sexually transmitted disease-simulated patient. | simulated patients are used with increased frequency for medical students and residents, but have not been used very often with practicing physicians. we hypothesized that educational materials could improve primary care physicians sexual practices history taking and counseling as assessed by a simulated patient in the physician's office. | 1992 | 1520049 |
| papulo-pruritic eruption and giant ulceration of the mouth: a difficult clinical feature to treat in the patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1992 | 1520061 |
| neurocysticercosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection. a possible association. | we present four patients with active neurocysticercosis and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. in three patients, symptoms of neurocysticercosis brought the patient to medical attention and led to the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. neurocysticercosis should be considered in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons who have been in areas where cysticercosis is endemic. | 1992 | 1520088 |
| carbohydrates of human immunodeficiency virus. | elucidation of the mechanism by which viral infection induces the appearance of carbohydrate neoantigens is highly important. results from such studies could be expected to be significant for a general understanding of the regulation of glycosylation, and perhaps especially important for the understanding of glycosylation in cancer. for anti-viral therapy in aids, inhibitors of glycosylation enzymes are very promising as their mode of action may preclude evolvement of resistent hiv substrains, w ... | 1992 | 1520531 |
| anti-human immunodeficiency virus effects of zidovudine in combination with double-stranded rna poly i poly c in t cells and monocytes-macrophages. | a comparison of the activity against human immunodeficiency virus 1 of zidovudine (azt) and poly i poly c double-stranded rna both alone and in combination in mt4 cells and primary monocyte/macrophage (m/m) cultures was made. the inhibition of the hiv-induced cytopathic effect or reverse transcriptase production by azt in mt4 cells was not modified by the combination of the two agents. in contrast, azt inhibition of reverse transcriptase production in the supernatant of m/m cultures was enhanced ... | 1992 | 1520535 |
| glutathione and n-acetylcysteine suppression of human immunodeficiency virus replication in human monocyte/macrophages in vitro. | glutathione (gsh), its derivatives and n-acetylcysteine (nac) inhibit the induction of hiv-1 expression in a chronically hiv-1-infected promonocytic cell line (u1/hiv) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). we have examined the effects of gsh and nac on hiv-1 replication in human primary monocyte/macrophages cultured in vitro. ficoll-gradient purified human monocytes were cultivated in vitro for 7-10 days and then infected with hiv-1 (bal and ada-m). infection was blocked or substantiall ... | 1992 | 1520537 |
| quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) with respect to disease stage and zidovudine (azt) therapy. | quantitation of hiv in 115 seropositive individuals was undertaken to evaluate the potential for hiv transmission as a nosocomial infection through the use of medical devices that may come in contact with the peripheral blood of hiv-infected individuals. the virus burden in the peripheral blood was estimated from the level of: plasma hiv p24 antigenemia; plasma viremia; p24 antigen in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) lysates as indicators of productive infection; and frequency of latentl ... | 1992 | 1520539 |
| hyperimmunoglobulinemia in hiv-1 infected individuals does not clearly correlate with plasma levels of il-6. | in this study we evaluated interleukin-6 (il-6) plasma levels in 80 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seropositive (+) individuals and 51 hiv-1 seronegative (-) blood donors. plasma il-6, detectable only in a subset of hiv-1(+) individuals (45 of 80) and normal blood donors (28 of 51), was significantly (p less than 0.01) increased in hiv-1(+) subjects 187 +/- 20.5 vs. 86.3 +/- 14 pg/ml). among hiv-1-infected individuals, arc/aids patients showed the highest il-6 values (243.3 +/- 43.3 ... | 1992 | 1520541 |
| hiv-1 sequence variation between isolates from mother-infant transmission pairs. | to examine the sequence diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) between known transmission sets, sequences from the v3 and v4-v5 region of the envelope gene from four mother-infant pairs were analyzed. the mean interpatient sequence variation between isolates from linked mother-infant pairs was comparable to the sequence diversity found between isolates from other close contacts. the mean intrapatient variation was significantly less in the infants' isolates then the isolates fr ... | 1992 | 1520542 |
| mapping of immunodominant epitopes of the hiv-1 and hiv-2 integrase proteins by recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides. | different parts of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2) integrase proteins were expressed as trpe fusion proteins in escherichia coli and used to screen human sera. in the immunoblot, all hiv/integrase-positive human sera tested reacted with the carboxy-terminal third of the integrase protein. furthermore, they crossreacted with the same part of the heterologous protein. half (50%) of the hiv-1/integrase-positive sera additionally detected antigenic epitopes in th ... | 1992 | 1520543 |
| incidence of aids in hiv-1 infected thalassaemia patients. european and mediterranean w.h.o. working group on haemoglobinopathies and cooleycare. | to estimate the cumulative incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in thalassaemia major patients (tmp) human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) infected through transfusion, 79 seropositive tmp were studied. at inclusion, mean age was 12.4 +/- 6.6 years; 40 were men; 21 were splenectomized. centers for disease control, 1986 (cdc) stages and prescription of zidovudine were noted at least once a year. cumulative incidence of aids and standard error were calculated using non parametric ... | 1992 | 1520608 |
| toxoplasmic encephalitis in aids. | involvement of the central nervous system (cns) is common in patients with advanced disease due to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). symptoms range from lethargy and apathy to coma, incoordination and ataxia to hemiparesis, loss of memory to severe dementia, and focal to major motor seizures. involvement may be closely associated with hiv infection per se, as in the aids dementia complex, but is frequently caused by opportunistic pathogens such as toxoplasma gondii and cryptococcus neoformans ... | 1992 | 1520757 |
| severe pneumococcal sepsis and meningitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults with sickle cell disease. | pneumococcal infection is frequent in children with sickle-cell disease (scd) but is less common in adults. infection due to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is also a risk factor for pneumococcal infection. the purpose of this study was to determine the clinical course of hiv infection in adults with scd. during a 6-year period, 283 adults suffering from scd were screened for hiv type 1 and hiv type 2 infections. the clinical course of hiv infections in these patients was retrospectively anal ... | 1992 | 1520768 |
| epidemiology and clinical significance of nontuberculous mycobacteria in patients negative for human immunodeficiency virus in switzerland. | over the last decades, the rate of isolation of tubercle bacilli has declined in the developed countries, while the incidence of infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) has increased. in a retrospective study, we analyzed all cases of patients negative for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and from whom ntm were isolated in the zurich area of switzerland from 1983 to 1988. during the 6-year study period, 513 patients infected with ntm were identified, 34 of whom had clinically signific ... | 1992 | 1520769 |
| recovery from myasthenia gravis of a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1992 | 1520779 |
| impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the epidemiology, clinical features, management, and control of tuberculosis. | after years of decreasing prevalence and increasing hope that tuberculosis, like smallpox, could be eliminated, the disease has resurfaced as a major public health problem in the united states. particularly ominous are the appearance of multiple-drug-resistant strains and their impact on patients and health care workers who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, among whom mortality rates reach 80% 2-3 months postdiagnosis. to respond effectively to this new threat, it is critical t ... | 1992 | 1520806 |
| disseminated sporotrichosis in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1992 | 1520820 |
| effect of human immunodeficiency virus-1 envelope glycoprotein on in vitro hematopoiesis of umbilical cord blood. | although hypercellularity is a common bone marrow finding in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection, the effect of hiv-1 on the hematopoietic system, which has been investigated in in vitro studies, is still controversial. in this study, we have investigated the effects of hiv-1 envelope glycoprotein, gp160, on the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells derived from cord blood. culture of cord blood mononuclear cells with gp160 resulted in enhancement of t ... | 1992 | 1520872 |
| factor viii concentrates in hiv-1-positive hemophiliacs--is pure better? | 39 human immunodeficiency-virus-1 (hiv-1)-positive hemophiliacs who had been regularly treated with non-virus-inactivated intermediate-purity factor viii concentrates were divided into two groups. group a consisted of 21 patients with a cd4/cd8 cell ratio of less than 1.0 and group b of 18 patients with a cd4/cd8 cell ratio of greater than 1.0. all patients of group a were switched to a high-purity virus-inactivated factor viii concentrate, whereas patients of group b continued to receive the in ... | 1992 | 1521824 |
| methyl inosine monophosphate: a potential immunotherapeutic for early human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | mimp is a new thymomimetic purine under development for immunorestorative therapy. lymphocytes were obtained from eight patients with acquired immunodeficiency disease (aids), eight with symptomatic pre-aids (arc), and 22 normal controls and were stimulated in vitro with phytohemagglutinin (pha). aids patients (mean cd4 counts of 40) showed pha responses less than 10% of control while arc patients (mean cd4 counts of 544) showed responses approximately 50% of the control responses. mimp (0.1, 1, ... | 1992 | 1521923 |
| constitutive production of pai-ii and increased surface expression of gm1 ganglioside by peripheral blood monocytes from patients with aids: evidence of monocyte activation in vivo. | to characterize the activation state of monocytes during human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, peripheral blood monocytes (pbms) from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (n = 10) and from healthy controls (n = 10) were cultured for 4 days. monocyte culture supernatant (mcs) was collected daily, and levels of urokinase (uk) inhibitor pai-ii, a product of activated monocytes, released into mcs were determined (fibrin plate assay). to examine the activation state of pbms indepe ... | 1992 | 1522387 |
| orofacial manifestations of the systemic mycoses. | aspergillosis, cryptococcosis and zygomycosis (mucormycosis) are overall the most common systemic mycoses but histoplasmosis is particularly endemic in parts of central usa and other areas worldwide. orofacial lesions caused by systemic mycoses have rarely been reported in the past though they have been recorded particularly in outdoor workers from geographic areas with a high prevalence of infection and occasionally in immunocompromised individuals. increasing world-wide travel, and the dramati ... | 1992 | 1522529 |
| increased hiv/aids mortality among residents aged 25-44 years--baltimore, maryland, 1987-1989. | from 1987 through 1989, overall mortality among baltimore residents aged 25-44 years increased from 380.7 deaths per 100,000 residents to 452.6 deaths per 100,000, reflecting the substantial impact of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). to better characterize this increase in mortality, the baltimore city health department analyzed information on death certificates from the baltimore city bureau of vital statistics for persons aged 25-44 ye ... | 1992 | 1522837 |
| natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in children: prognostic value of laboratory tests on the bimodal progression of the disease. | this study analyzes the correlation of basic laboratory test results with clinical outcome in 94 children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection who did not receive zidovudine during the study period of 1983 to 1988. two life-threatening conditions highly correlated with survival, opportunistic infection and severe encephalopathy, were the end points of the study. at a median age of 25 months 30 (32%) of the 94 children had developed such conditions (group i), and the ... | 1992 | 1523073 |
| diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection by enzyme-linked immunospot assays in a prospectively followed cohort of infants of human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive women. | the enzyme-linked immunospot (elispot), a method for quantifying specific and total antibody-secreting cells, was used for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in a prospectively followed cohort of infants born to hiv-infected women. from july 1, 1987, to june 1, 1990, 127 infants with known hiv infection status were studied. seventeen of 22 hiv-infected infants had specific hiv-specific antibody-secreting cells (asc). among the infected infants rates of asc positivity i ... | 1992 | 1523074 |
| lymphocyte subsets in children younger than 2 years old: normal values in a population at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection and diagnostic and prognostic application to infected children. | data were collected prospectively from 116 children younger than 2 years old who were seen at the duke pediatric aids clinical trials unit for known human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity. forty-six (40%) of these children were human immunodeficiency virus-infected and 70 were not infected. using 3-month blocks, 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles were calculated for the cd4+ and cd8+ cell counts, percentage of lymphocytes positive for cd4 and cd8 and t4:t8 ratios. results from the infected and ... | 1992 | 1523075 |
| characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus-associated mortality in pediatric patients with vertically transmitted infection. | | 1992 | 1523082 |
| incest and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a twelve-year-old girl: a case for early human immunodeficiency virus testing in sexually abused children. | | 1992 | 1523085 |
| transmission of human immunodeficiency virus infection from a newly infected mother to her two-year-old child by breast-feeding. | | 1992 | 1523086 |
| the human immunodeficiency virus practicum: an instructional model. | | 1992 | 1524270 |
| transmission of retroviruses from seronegative donors by transfusion during cardiac surgery. a multicenter study of hiv-1 and htlv-i/ii infections. | to evaluate the effectiveness of serologic testing of blood donors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and human t-cell lymphotropic virus types i and ii (htlv-i/ii) infections and to estimate the risk for transmission of hiv-1 and htlv-i/ii by transfusion of seronegative blood from screened donors. | 1992 | 1524329 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type ii (hiv-2) testing: a perspective. | testing of blood for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv2) has begun. a major benefit of this testing will be the elimination of the exclusion of blood donors on the basis of geographic origin. will this test be helpful? present anti-hiv1 testing detects between 60 to 90 percent of those samples containing the hiv2 antibody. a food and drug administration (fda) licensed enzyme immunoassay for hiv1/hiv2 antibodies became available for clinical use in march of 1992. (there i ... | 1992 | 1524400 |
| markers of human immunodeficiency virus infection in pediatric bronchoalveolar lavage samples. | pulmonary cells and fluid obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) from 19 pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients with pneumonia were examined for markers of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) infection. the hiv-1 dna was detected in bal cells by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in 14 of 15 patients (93.3 percent). immunostaining of cytocentrifuged cell preparations of six specimens revealed that hiv-1 antigen was associated with from five percent to 95 percent of the alve ... | 1992 | 1524401 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and hepatitis b virus transcription in peripheral blood lymphocytes from co-infected subjects. | the molecular characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocyte (pbl) infection by hepatitis b virus (hbv) were studied in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infected subjects using highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based techniques. dna and rna samples were purified from pbls of hiv-1 infected individuals, regardless of their hbv serological status and assayed using pcr and reverse-transcription (rt) pcr, respectively. the data shown here are an extension of previous report ... | 1992 | 1524492 |
| expression of the hiv-1 nef protein in the baculovirus system: investigation of anti-nef antibodies response in human sera and subcellular localization of nef. | the nef gene of hiv-1 was expressed in insect cells using the eucaryotic baculovirus system. the recombinant nef protein frequently reacted with seropositive sera of hiv-1 and hiv-2 infected patients. anti-nef antibodies in hiv-1 seronegative high risk groups individuals were only occasionally seen. confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that nef is present both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, indicating that nef might directly function on gene expression. | 1992 | 1524496 |
| virus infections: strategies of prevention. | different approaches can be adopted in preventing virus infections. public health measures can reduce the risk of infection but virus-specific prophylaxis, passive and most importantly active immunization are the most effective strategies for controlling and eradicating virus infections. | 1992 | 1524569 |
| sexual behavior, knowledge, and attitudes about aids among college freshmen. | we surveyed 158 college freshmen on an urban campus to determine their sexual practices and their knowledge and attitudes about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). many students (47%) were heterosexually active; 1% were homosexual, 1% were bisexual, and 51% had not been sexually active. among the 77 sexually active students, many engaged in activities that can facilitate transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv): 58% did not always use condoms with a new partner; 31% had had two ... | 1992 | 1524859 |
| prevalence of hepatitis b and c viruses and human immunodeficiency virus infections in women of reproductive age. | to determine the prevalence of hepatitis b and c viruses, and human immunodeficiency virus infections in women of reproductive age attending a health care system. | 1992 | 1525103 |
| hexamethylene bisacetamide and cis-platin stimulate the expression from the hiv-1 long terminal repeat sequence in human mcf-7 cells. | we have employed a recombinant plasmid pbhiv-1 carrying the long terminal repeat sequences (ltr) of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) linked to the reporter chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) gene and to the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (aph) gene as a selectable marker. we have introduced pbhiv-1 dna in human breast cancer mcf-7 cells and obtained the mcf-7hiv-1 cell line, resistant to geneticin. we have studied the effect of hexamethylene-bisacetamide (hmba), cis-platin, inte ... | 1992 | 1525334 |
| effects of catuaba extracts on microbial and hiv infection. | pretreatment of mice with hot water and alkaline extracts of catuaba casca (erythroxylum catuaba arr. cam.) effectively protected them from lethal infection of escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus. the extracts significantly inhibited both the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-induced cytopathic effect and the expression of hiv antigen in hiv-1htlv-iiib or hiv-2rod infected human lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-1) positive mt-4 cells. the 50% effective concentrations of the active fractio ... | 1992 | 1525337 |
| should pulmonary tuberculosis be an aids-defining diagnosis in patients infected with hiv? | between 1983 and 1989, we cared for 56 patients with tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. in 37 patients (66%), tuberculosis occurred before any other aids-defining disease (group 1); in 10 (18%) it occurred during the same month as another aids-defining disease (group 2); and in 9 (16%), after the diagnosis of aids (group 3). tuberculosis was entirely pulmonary in 14 patients (25%), entirely extrapulmonary in 9 (16%), and both pulmonary and extrapulmonary in 33 (59%). ... | 1992 | 1525376 |
| an estimate of the future size of the tuberculosis problem in sub-saharan africa resulting from hiv infection. | the impact of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) on tuberculosis is well documented. its effect in populations with a high proportion of dually infected individuals is likely to be significant. sub-saharan africa is one such region and to better document the effect of hiv infection on tuberculosis there we developed a mathematical model to predict the likely extra numbers of tuberculosis cases due to it. a mathematical model was developed using a variety of scenarios giving a range of risks ... | 1992 | 1525378 |
| survey of infection control precautions: a comparison to recommended guidelines. | the emergence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome as a new and devastating communicable disease has led to concern among health care workers as to their risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the workplace. centres for disease control, and health and welfare canada guidelines seek to prevent hiv transmission through modification of work practices. a study was performed in the authors' institution to quantitate health care worker compliance with such practice modifications as ... | 1992 | 1525382 |
| hexamethylene bisacetamide stimulates the expression of human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat sequences in rat and human fibroblasts. | we have employed a recombinant plasmid, pbhiv1, carrying the long terminal repeat (ltr) sequence of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) linked to the reporter chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) gene and to the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (aph) gene as a selectable marker. we have introduced pbhiv1 in rat 208f and human mrcsv40tgr fibroblasts and obtained stable geneticin resistant rfbhiv1-1 and svtghiv1-1 cells, respectively. both transfectant cells express cat activity from t ... | 1992 | 1525395 |
| a parental support group in a pediatric aids clinic: its usefulness and limitations. | this article describes a support group for parents and caretakers of children being treated for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in a hospital outpatient clinic. issues involved in the establishment of the group are discussed, including the population, the setting, the choice of group modality, planning of the group, and recruitment and composition of the group. predominant group themes included guilt, fear, anger, and loss of control. specific issues raised included deterioration in ... | 1992 | 1526597 |
| polypharmacy: dangers of multiple-drug therapy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | the multiple medications used to treat hiv infection represent challenges to both the patient and nurse. knowledge of potential drug interactions and a systematic assessment tool help meet the challenges of polypharmacy. | 1992 | 1526799 |
| ph dependence of kinetic parameters of pepsin, rhizopuspepsin, and their active-site hydrogen bond mutants. | the ph dependence of the kinetic parameters of pepsin, rhizopuspepsin, and their active-site hydrogen bond mutants has been determined. these data have permitted the calculation of two active-site ionization constants in the free enzymes (pke1 and pk32) and in the enzyme-substrate complexes (pkes1 and pkes2). the pke1 of rhizopuspepsin (2.8) is near that of a normal carboxyl group and near the pke1 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) protease (3.32) (ido, e., han, h. p., kezdy, f. j., ... | 1992 | 1526982 |
| maternofetal transmission of aids: frequency of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleic acid sequences in human fetal dna. | pediatric aids is increasing in frequency due to a rise in the number of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-infected women of childbearing age. because outcome studies reveal that most children infected peripartum manifest hiv-1-related disease in the first year of life, intrauterine infection has been suspected. fetal tissues from 23 second-trimester abortuses were examined. the presence of hiv-1 nucleic acid sequences was determined by the polymerase chain reaction and used to define ... | 1992 | 1527405 |
| maternal antibodies to gp120 v3 sequence do not correlate with protection against vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. | a retrospective study of sera from mothers infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) was undertaken to investigate whether the titers or affinities of antibodies against the third hypervariable region (v3 loop) of gp120 correlated with transmission of the virus from mother to child. the cohort comprised 7 mothers who transmitted hiv-1 to their children and 20 who did not. sera were screened for reactivity against two synthetic peptides, one encompassing the entire v3 loop of gp120 (amin ... | 1992 | 1527406 |
| a phase i study of ampligen in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. | ampligen, poly(i)n:poly(c12u)n, was administered intravenously to 39 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected subjects, asymptomatic or with early aids-related complex (arc) and with cd4+ cell counts less than 500/mm3 in a phase i dose-escalation study. six doses ranging from 10 to 570 mg/m2 were administered twice-weekly for 9-25 weeks to groups of 5-7 subjects. there was no significant effect on hiv as measured by serum p24 levels, the proportion of patients from whom hiv could be coculture ... | 1992 | 1527407 |
| spontaneous production of interleukin-6 by alveolar macrophages from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients. | to test the hypothesis that the lung represents a source of interleukin (il)-6 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-positive subjects, alveolar macrophages (am) obtained from the bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid of 10 hiv-1-positive patients were investigated for the expression of il-6 mrna and the ability to release il-6. the presence of il-6 in bal fluid was also investigated. it has been demonstrated that freshly recovered am from hiv-1-positive patients show a strong il-6 mrna si ... | 1992 | 1527408 |
| low risk of mother-to-child transmission of human t lymphotropic virus type ii in non-breast-fed infants. the nyc perinatal hiv transmission collaborative study. | the transmissibility of human t lymphotropic virus (htlv) type ii from mother to child was investigated. of 236 women enrolled during pregnancy in a study of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in 1986-1988, 21 (8.9%) were seropositive for htlv-i/ii. all 21 mothers were infected with htlv-ii by synthetic peptide testing and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). htlv-ii-infected women were older (median age, 34 vs. 28 years), more likely to be black (70% vs. 38%), and more lik ... | 1992 | 1527426 |
| specific inhibition of hiv-1 protease by boronated porphyrins. | | 1992 | 1527792 |
| dissociation of unintegrated viral dna accumulation from single-cell lysis induced by human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | acute cytopathic retroviral infections are accompanied by the accumulation, due to superinfection, of large amounts of unintegrated viral dna in the cells. the cytopathic effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection are specific for cells that express the cd4 viral receptor and consist of syncytium formation and single-cell lysis. here we investigated the relationship between superinfection and single-cell lysis by hiv-1. antiviral agents were added to c8166 or jurkat lymphoc ... | 1992 | 1527842 |
| a novel ets-related transcription factor, elf-1, binds to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 regulatory elements that are required for inducible trans activation in t cells. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 are structurally related retroviruses which both cause aids in humans. although both viruses establish latency in quiescent human-peripheral-blood t cells, the asymptomatic phase of hiv-2 infection may be more prolonged than that of hiv-1. the latent phases of both hiv-1 and hiv-2 infection have been shown to be disrupted by t-cell activation, a process that requires host cell transcription factors. in the case of hiv-1, the transcription fac ... | 1992 | 1527846 |
| alterations in potential sites for glycosylation predominate during evolution of the simian immunodeficiency virus envelope gene in macaques. | genetic diversity is a hallmark of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) genome, but the role of distinct hiv variants in the development of aids is unclear. envelope (env) is the most highly variable gene in hiv as well as in other retroviruses. we have previously demonstrated that variation in simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) env is primarily localized in two regions (v1 and v4) during progression to simian aids. to determine whether there is a common genotype that evolves as aids develops ... | 1992 | 1527847 |
| phenotype-associated env gene variation among eight related human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clones: evidence for in vivo recombination and determinants of cytotropism outside the v3 domain. | the nucleotide sequences of the env genes of eight phenotypically heterogeneous human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) clones recovered from a single individual within a 3-week period were compared. in addition, the accessory gene sequences for four of these clones were obtained. variation among most accessory genes was limited. in contrast, pronounced phenotype-associated sequence variation was observed in the env gene. at least three of these clones most likely resulted from genetic recom ... | 1992 | 1527855 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein molecules containing membrane fusion-impairing mutations in the v3 region efficiently undergo soluble cd4-stimulated gp120 release. | the ability of soluble forms of cd4 to induce gp120 release from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein complex may reflect molecular events associated with membrane fusion. the third hypervariable (v3) region of gp120 appears to play a role in fusion independent of cd4 binding. we demonstrate herein that envelope glycoprotein molecules rendered fusion defective by mutations in conserved residues within the v3 region nevertheless undergo efficient soluble cd4-induced gp120 ... | 1992 | 1527858 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef protein inhibits nf-kappa b induction in human t cells. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) can establish a persistent and latent infection in cd4+ t lymphocytes (w. c. greene, n. engl. j. med. 324:308-317, 1991; s. m. schnittman, m. c. psallidopoulos, h. c. lane, l. thompson, m. baseler, f. massari, c. h. fox, n. p. salzman, and a. s. fauci, science 245:305-308, 1989). production of hiv-1 from latently infected cells requires host cell activation by t-cell mitogens (t. folks, d. m. powell, m. m. lightfoote, s. benn, m. a. martin, and a. s. f ... | 1992 | 1527859 |
| hiv infection, syphilis, and tuberculosis screening among migrant farm workers--florida, 1992. | an estimated 2.7-4.0 million persons in the united states are classified as migrant and seasonal farm workers (1). despite a high prevalence of tuberculosis (tb) and other conditions among migrant workers (2-4), approximately 13% have access to or receive care at federally funded migrant health clinics (5). during february-march 1992, to assess the prevalence of selected health conditions among migrant farm workers, the florida department of health and rehabilitative services (fdhrs) conducted a ... | 1992 | 1528182 |
| tuberculous meningitis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1992 | 1528215 |
| tuberculous meningitis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1992 | 1528216 |
| tuberculous meningitis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1992 | 1528217 |
| pseudomonas infections in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | thirteen bacteremias and 25 nonbacteremic infections caused by pseudomonas spp. occurred in 22 of 236 children with human immunodeficiency virus infection with a rate of infection of 0.098 (bacteremia, 0.030) per patient year. four patients were neutropenic (less than 500/microliters). central venous catheter (cvc)-related infections were most frequent (n = 20) followed by otitis externa (n = 6) and pneumonia (n = 5). pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate and caused both cvc-related ... | 1992 | 1528645 |
| triple-helix formation by oligonucleotides containing the three bases thymine, cytosine, and guanine. | a homopurine-homopyrimidine sequence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) proviral dna was chosen as a target for triple-helix-forming oligonucleotides. an oligonucleotide containing three bases (thymine, cytosine, and guanine) was shown to bind to its target sequence under physiological conditions. this oligonucleotide is bound in a parallel orientation with respect to the homopurine sequence. thymines recognize a.t base pairs to form t.a.t base triplets and guanines recognize a run of g.c bas ... | 1992 | 1528873 |
| protein isoforms encoded by the px region of human t-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type i. | the px region of the human t-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) contains at least four open reading frames (orfi-orfiv). orf iii and orf iv encode the regulatory htlv-i proteins rex and tax, which together modulate viral expression, and the p21rex protein of unknown function. by using the reverse transcriptase and polymerase chain reaction techniques on the rna of an htlv-i-infected cell culture, we uncovered the existence of alternatively spliced mrnas generated through the use of ... | 1992 | 1528897 |
| improbability of effective vaccination against human immunodeficiency virus because of its intracellular transmission and rectal portal of entry. | the worldwide effort to produce a vaccine against aids continues to disregard the fact that even human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-specific neutralizing antibodies and cell-mediated immunity are ineffective against virus within cells without viral antigens on the cell membrane--and that much of hiv infection is transmitted in this manner. according to a recent report, a simian immunodeficiency virus vaccine that protected monkeys against an intravenous challenge with cell-free virus was, as pre ... | 1992 | 1528902 |
| inhibition of replication of hiv-1 by retroviral vectors expressing tat-antisense and anti-tat ribozyme rna. | a ribozyme was constructed that specifically cleaves rna that contains the first coding exon of the tat gene of hiv-1. this anti-tat ribozyme was incorporated into a moloney murine leukemia virus vector. a sequence containing only the 48-nucleotide antisense region of the ribozyme was also inserted into the retroviral vector. human t-cell lines constitutively producing the tat-antisense and the anti-tat ribozyme rna were created by transduction into jurkat cells. when challenged with hiv-1, both ... | 1992 | 1529527 |
| cell-free transmission of vif mutants of hiv-1. | to determine the phenotype of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) defective in the production of vif, mutations were introduced into the vif gene of infectious molecular clones of the lai, mal, and eli strains. previous results had demonstrated that viruses derived from these wild type clones display different replicative capacities on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) and different tropisms for cd4-positive cell lines. using cell-free infection, vif mutants of lai, mal, and eli ... | 1992 | 1529528 |
| seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in parturients at boston city hospital: implications for public health and obstetric practice. | we measured the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in women seeking reproductive services. | 1992 | 1530014 |
| follicular dendritic cells are a major reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in lymphoid tissues facilitating infection of cd4+ t-helper cells. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection causes progressive depletion of cd4/hiv-receptor-positive t helper lymphocytes, ultimately leading to aids. the major hiv reservoir and site of t-helper cell infection in lymphoid tissues, however, has remained poorly defined. the authors used in situ hybridization in combination with immunohistologic labeling techniques to identify the phenotype of hiv-infected cells in lymph nodes from patients at different stages of hiv-infection. the numb ... | 1992 | 1530997 |
| protection of macaques against siv infection by subunit vaccines of siv envelope glycoprotein gp160. | simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) is a primate lentivirus related to human immunodeficiency viruses and is an etiologic agent for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-like diseases in macaques. to date, only inactivated whole virus vaccines have been shown to protect macaques against siv infection. protective immunity was elicited by recombinant subunit vaccines. four macaca fascicularis were immunized with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing sivmne gp160 and were boosted with gp160 pro ... | 1992 | 1531159 |
| detection and quantification of gene amplification products by a nonisotopic automated system. | we describe in this report the ability to determine human immunodeficiency virus proviral copy number by an automated nonisotopic method. our system utilizes a facstarplus cell sorter, the geneamp pcr system 9600 and a biomek 1000 robotic workstation. linking these three machines allows cell populations to be sorted and the dna amplified and quantitated with minimal technical effort. we have developed this system to quantitate proviral dna copy number in sorted subpopulations of peripheral blood ... | 1992 | 1531177 |
| striking inverse association of igg-anti-fab gamma antibodies and cd4 cell counts in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)/aids-related complex. | the contribution of autoimmune phenomena to the pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is poorly understood. we investigated the relationship between igg-anti-fab gamma autoantibodies and the main immunologic feature of aids, the decrease of cd4+ helper lymphocytes. sera of 33 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected (hiv+) hemophilia patients with aids/aids-related complex (arc), 57 hiv+ patients without aids/arc, 23 hiv-negative (hiv-) patients, and 76 healthy controls we ... | 1992 | 1531308 |
| nucleocytoplasmic transport: the influenza virus ns1 protein regulates the transport of spliced ns2 mrna and its precursor ns1 mrna. | influenza virus unspliced ns1 mrna, like retroviral pre-mrnas, is efficiently exported from the nucleus and translated in the cytoplasm of infected cells. with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the transport of viral pre-mrnas is facilitated by the viral rev protein. we tested the possibility that the influenza virus ns1 protein, a nuclear protein that is encoded by unspliced ns1 mrna, has the same function as the hiv rev protein. surprisingly, using transient transfection assays, we found tha ... | 1992 | 1531330 |
| correlation of oral disease with the walter reed staging scheme for hiv-1-seropositive patients. | this study correlates the prevalent oral disease findings in 390 patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) with their level of staging (walter reed) and depletion of peripheral helper t lymphocytes (cd4+). chronic lymphadenopathy of the head and neck was a common finding (59.2%) that occurred early in staging progression and did not correlate with depression of helper t-cell levels. of the three prevalent oral disease findings (oral hairy leukoplakia (ohl), candidiasi ... | 1992 | 1532056 |
| [pregnancy in hiv infected women. current therapeutic indications]. | this paper deals with the management of pregnant women with hiv infection. the virus is transmitted by the mother to 20-30 percent of the infants, and therapeutic abortion should be offered to women whose pregnancy does not exceed 26 weeks of amenorrhoea. if pregnancy is pursued, the mother must be investigated for sexually transmitted diseases which are particularly frequent in this population and may have repercussions on the newborn. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the most common opportuni ... | 1992 | 1532074 |
| [seroprevalence of viral hepatitis c in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection]. | | 1992 | 1532094 |
| oral manifestations of hiv infection. definitions, diagnostic criteria, and principles of therapy. the u.s.a. oral aids collaborative group. | a set of definitions and diagnostic criteria for the more common oral features of human immunodeficiency virus infection were prepared as the result of a consensus reached by a group of dental and medical clinicians, epidemiologists, and other experts. these are intended for use in epidemiologic surveys, where the presumptive diagnoses are recommended, and in clinical care, pathogenesis and therapy studies, where the definitive diagnoses are appropriate. | 1992 | 1532234 |
| periodontal disease associated with hiv infection. | patients with severe immunosuppression as a consequence of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are at risk for a number of severe periodontal diseases. hiv-associated gingivitis and hiv-associated periodontitis (hiv-p) are seen exclusively in hiv-infected persons. in some cases hiv-p may extend into adjacent soft tissue and bone, resulting in necrotizing stomatitis of periodontal origin. in addition, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis has also been reported to have an increased ... | 1992 | 1532235 |
| host factors associated with hiv-related oral candidiasis. a review. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related oral candidiasis affects approximately one third of hiv-seropositive patients and more than 90% of patients with aids. it is necessary to identify patients who have a greater risk of candidiasis developing, so that interventions can be designed to reduce the frequency. this is particularly important because there is evidence that candida species are immunosuppressive and therefore candidiasis may adversely affect the prognosis of patients with hiv. susc ... | 1992 | 1532236 |
| oral lesions of iatrogenic and undefined etiology and neurologic disorders associated with hiv infection. | a review of a miscellaneous group of oral mucosal disorders in the setting of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus is presented. included is a discussion of oral lesions of iatrogenic and undefined etiology and neurologic disorders. mechanisms of pathogenesis, including possible common pathways and relationships to underlying immunosuppression, are emphasized. | 1992 | 1532237 |
| problems associated with providing dental care to patients with hiv-infected and aids patients. | numerous articles published during the last decade have discussed the significance of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) toward the practice of dentistry. however, only since 1987 have studies been undertaken on the attitudes and behavior of dentists toward hiv-positive patients. a detailed analysis of 15 such reports suggests that concerns regarding the perceived stigma of treating such patients, together with a fear that hiv is transmitte ... | 1992 | 1532238 |
| hiv disease: present status and future directions. | this review of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic shows that hiv has had and will have a major impact on dentistry, just as it has had on so many other aspects of medical practice and society. these areas include the prevention of hiv transmission in the dental care workplace, the early and safe care and treatment of those who are infected, and the protection of those who are vulnerable or made more vulnerable because of hiv infection. to do this, the dental professional must be edu ... | 1992 | 1532239 |
| deletion of hydrophobic domains of viral glycoproteins increases the level of their production in escherichia coli. | overexpression of glycoprotein-encoding genes in escherichia coli sometimes results in toxicity to the host and low protein yields. one possible explanation for this phenomenon is the presence of hydrophobic amino acid (aa) domains approx. 15-20 aa in length in the overproduced protein. as an initial test of this hypothesis, regions of hydrophobicity located within the envelope glycoproteins of hiv-1 and htlv-1 were identified by computer analysis, and subsequently deleted by site-directed mutag ... | 1992 | 1532565 |
| bilateral optic neuropathies with remission in two hiv-positive men. | two patients seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) developed bilateral optic neuropathies. evaluations failed to identify an infectious or neoplastic etiology. both patients improved, one in temporal relation to treatment with azidothymidine (azt), the other during oral steroid therapy. optic neuropathy in hiv-positive patients does not necessarily carry a poor prognosis even when a treatable cause is not found. a role for primary hiv infection in the pathogenesis remains specu ... | 1992 | 1532592 |
| impaired response to recombinant hepatitis b vaccine in hiv-infected persons. | we studied the immunogenicity of the standard schedule of recombinant hepatitis b vaccine (20 micrograms per dose at months 0, 1, and 6) in 21 anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive persons. relatively low titers of anti-hbs developed in only five subjects (23.8%) 1 month after the third dose; all five had t4 cell counts greater than 700 cells/mm and none of the 11 subjects with a t4 cell count below this value responded. five of the 16 nonresponders to the vaccine later had acquired i ... | 1992 | 1532609 |
| acquired protein s deficiency: correlation with advanced disease in hiv-1-infected patients. | a plasma free protein s deficiency was detected in 41 of 63 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type i (hiv-1). this study consisted in a prospective analysis of blood samples from 26 patients with confirmed diagnosis of aids, two with aids-related complex, 10 with polyadenopathy, and 25 who were asymptomatic. protein s levels were compared to a matched control group of 24 healthy subjects. a deep venous thrombosis occurred in three aids patients with free protein s deficienc ... | 1992 | 1532830 |
| integration of human immunodeficiency virus dna: adduct interference analysis of required dna sites. | the integration (in) protein encoded by human immunodeficiency virus directs the integration of viral dna into host dna. we have probed the dna sites required for the function of in protein by attaching adducts to model dna substrates and assaying their effects on integration in vitro. these experiments reveal that modifications in a short region on both dna strands at the ends of the viral dna block in protein function. modification of the target dna near the point of dna strand transfer also b ... | 1992 | 1533044 |
| functional consequences of monocyte/macrophage infection by hiv1. | monocyte/macrophage infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv1) was studied for its effects on the production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf alpha) and the expression of the manganese superoxide dismutase (mnsod) gene. for this purpose, human peripheral blood monocytes were obtained from healthy hiv1-seronegative donors by centrifugal elutriation and infected with either the hiv1/lav1 strain or with the primary hiv1/das isolate. the results showed that (1) hiv1/lav1-infected ma ... | 1992 | 1533048 |
| expression of fc gamma rii and cd4 receptors by normal human megakaryocytes. | we studied human megakaryocytes to determine if they both expressed and synthesized fc gamma and cd4 membrane receptors. the strategy employed relied on demonstration of receptor protein and mrna in megakaryocytes present in freshly made marrow smears, or in megakaryocytes isolated from aspirated normal bone marrow by counterflow centrifugal elutriation. protein was detected immunochemically, whereas mrna was detected either by in situ hybridization, or by reverse transcription, polymerase chain ... | 1992 | 1533189 |
| selective increase of a subset of t cell receptor gamma delta t lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. | increased proportions of the small lymphoid subset expressing t cell receptor (tcr) gamma delta occur in different infectious diseases, particularly in mycobacterial infections. in this study the two main subsets of tcr gamma delta+ cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of 54 patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection were analyzed. these subsets were defined by indirect immunofluorescence techniques and facs analysis using bb3 and a13 monoclonal antibodies, which s ... | 1992 | 1533237 |
| early appearance of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) antigen and antibodies as variables in evaluating antiviral drugs in macaques. | siv infection in macaques has become an important animal model for hiv-1 infection in humans. an antibody assay was therefore developed and compared to a commercially available antigen assay with respect to their usefulness to monitor the course of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection in cynomolgus monkeys. a peptide, jb6t, consisting of 21 amino acids with the sequence nswgcafrqvchttvpwvnds corresponding to a segment in the env protein of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 2 was u ... | 1992 | 1533400 |
| expression, purification and biochemical characterisation of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 nef gene product. | the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) nef gene encoded by the hiv-1 isolate lymphadenopathy-associated virus type 1 was expressed in escherichia coli under the control of the tac promoter. the protein is found mainly in the soluble part of the bacterial lysate; a simple two-column purification scheme has been developed allowing isolation of the recombinant protein without using denaturing agents. analysis of the circular dichroism spectra reveals that the purified protein is folded and has ... | 1992 | 1533585 |
| an efficient phage plaque screen for the random mutational analysis of the interaction of hiv-1 gp120 with human cd4. | a lambda phage expression methodology was adapted to dissect protein/ligand interactions efficiently through the creation and rapid screening of large numbers of mutants. here we describe the method and its specific application to the interaction between the external envelope glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1), gp120, and the human cell surface protein cd4. random substitutions were introduced throughout the gp120 binding region (amino acids 38-62) in the amino-terminal dom ... | 1992 | 1533631 |