| infectious risk factors for individual postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) development in pigs from affected farms in spain and denmark. | two prospective longitudinal studies in 13 postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected farms from spain (n=3) and denmark (n=10) were performed. blood samples from pigs were longitudinally collected from 1st week until the occurrence of the pmws outbreak. wasted and healthy age-matched pigs were euthanized, necropsied and histopathologically characterised. pmws diagnosis was confirmed by means of lymphoid lesions and detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in these tissues b ... | 2012 | 22884005 |
| emergence of a novel highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in china. | from 2014 to 2015, four novel highly pathogenic prrs virus (hp-prrsv) strains named 14ly01-fj, 14ly02-fj 15ly01-fj, and 15ly02-fj were isolated from high morbidity (100%) and mortality (40%-80%) in piglets and sows in fujian province. to further our knowledge about these novel virus strains, we characterized their complete genomes and determined their pathogenicity in piglets. full-length genome sequencing analysis showed that these four isolates were closely related to type 2 (north american ty ... | 2017 | 28198110 |
| complete genomic characterization of two european-genotype porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates in fujian province of china. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is considered one of the most devastating swine diseases worldwide, resulting in immense economic losses. prrs virus (prrsv) is divided into two major genotypes, european (type 1) and the north american (type 2). type 1 prrsv have recently emerged in fujian province (south china), and this might have a significant impact on the chinese pig industry. from 2013 to 2014, two type 1 prrsv strains, named fjeu13 and fjqeu14, were isolated from pigle ... | 2017 | 27858288 |
| comparative analysis of cytokine transcript profiles within mediastinal lymph node compartments of pigs after infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome genotype 1 strains differing in pathogenicity. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) induces a weak immune response enabling it to persist in different organs of infected pigs. this has been attributed to the ability of prrsv to influence the induction of cytokine responses. in this study, we investigated the cytokine transcriptional profiles in different compartments of the mediastinal lymph node of pigs infected with three genotype 1 prrsv strains of differing pathogenicity: the low virulence prototype lelystad virus ... | 2015 | 25889072 |
| diagnosis of the lelystad strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in individually housed pigs: comparison between serum and oral fluid samples for viral nucleic acid and antibody detection. | there has been a developing interest in the use of oral fluid for the diagnosis of different pathogens such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). prrsv and prrsv-specific antibodies have been shown to be present in oral fluid samples, but the correlation between diagnostic results in oral fluid and serum samples has been insufficiently addressed. studies investigating this correlation focused on boars older than 6 months and type 2 strains, but it is known that the outc ... | 2015 | 25525137 |
| pathology and virus distribution in the lung and lymphoid tissues of pigs experimentally inoculated with three distinct type 1 prrs virus isolates of varying pathogenicity. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) continues to be the most economically important disease of swine worldwide. the appearance of highly pathogenic prrs virus (prrsv) strains in europe and asia has raised concerns about this disease and initiated increased efforts to understand the pathogenesis. in this study, we have compared the pathology and the virus distribution in tissues of pigs experimentally inoculated with three different genotype 1 prrsv isolates. sixty 5-week-old pig ... | 2016 | 25382098 |
| complete genome sequence of european genotype porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain lneu12 in northern china. | we report the complete genome sequence of a european genotype porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolated from swine in northern china in 2012. genome alignment revealed that the virus (lneu12) strain shares 90.1% nucleotide identity with the european prototype lelystad virus. here, we announce the complete genome sequence of lneu12. | 2014 | 25301644 |
| efficacy of type 2 prrsv vaccine against chinese and vietnamese hp-prrsv challenge in pigs. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) causes significant reproductive losses in the sow herd and respiratory disease in growing pigs. the virus belongs to the family arteriviridae and there are two major genotypes. type 1 is represented by lelystad virus, the european prototype virus, and type 2 is represented by the north american prototype virus, vr-2332. depending on husbandry, immune status of the herd, and virulence of the isolate, the severity of disease and magnitude ... | 2014 | 25285886 |
| complete genomic characterization of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolate in xinjiang province of china. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is a swine disease of major economic importance that causes reproductive and respiratory problems in pigs. in the present study, one strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) was isolated in xinjiang province, northwest china, designated xju-1. the full-length genome of xju-1 was found to be 14,987 nucleotides in length, including the poly(a) tail. comparative analysis with the genomic sequences of type 2 isolates r ... | 2015 | 25272960 |
| enhanced immune responses in pigs by dna vaccine coexpressing gp3 and gp5 of european type porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | the european (eu) type of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has recently emerged in china. in this study, three recombinant dna vaccines, pvax1-eu-orf3-orf5 (coexpressing eu type prrsv gp3 and gp5), pvax1-eu-orf3 and pvax1-eu-orf5, were constructed and evaluated for their abilities to induce humoral and cellular responses as well as to protect piglets against homologous virus challenge. all piglets were given booster vaccinations at 21 days after the initial inoculation ... | 2014 | 24882496 |
| characterization of two newly emerged isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from northeast china in 2013. | a newly emerged porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) that has caused severe reproductive losses in sows appeared in some regions of china in 2013. to explore the biology of this new prrsv and understand more fully genetic diversity in prrsv isolates from china, the complete genome of the two 2013 chinese isolates, designated hlja1 and hljb1, were analyzed. genomic sequence analysis showed that hlja1 and hljb1 shared 88.6-98.3% nucleotide identity with genotype 2 (north ame ... | 2014 | 24703221 |
| genetic and antigenic characterization of complete genomes of type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (prrsv) isolated in denmark over a period of 10 years. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) caused by the prrs virus (prrsv) is considered one of the most devastating swine diseases worldwide. prrs viruses are divided into two major genotypes, type 1 and type 2, with pronounced diversity between and within the genotypes. in denmark more than 50% of the herds are infected with type 1 and/or type 2 prrsv. the main objective of this study was to examine the genetic diversity and drift of type 1 viruses in a population with limited intro ... | 2013 | 24153055 |
| replication characteristics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) european subtype 1 (lelystad) and subtype 3 (lena) strains in nasal mucosa and cells of the monocytic lineage: indications for the use of new receptors of prrsv (lena). | recently, it has been demonstrated that subtype 3 strains of european type porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) are more virulent/pathogenic than subtype 1 strains. this points to differences in the pathogenesis. in the present study, a new polarized nasal mucosa explant system was used to study the invasion of the low virulent subtype 1 prrsv strain lelystad (lv) and the highly virulent subtype 3 prrsv strain lena at the portal of entry. different cell types of the monocy ... | 2013 | 24007551 |
| evaluation of viral peptide targeting to porcine sialoadhesin using a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccination-challenge model. | targeting antigens to professional antigen presenting cells resident at the sites where effective immune responses are generated is a promising vaccination strategy. as such, targeting sialoadhesin (sn)-expressing macrophages, abundantly present in spleen and lymph nodes where they appear to be strategically placed for antigen capture and processing, is recently gaining increased attention. previously, we have shown that humoral immune responses to the model antigen human serum albumin can be en ... | 2013 | 23932898 |
| comparative pathogenicity of three korean and one lelystad type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (pan-european subtype 1) isolates in experimentally infected pigs. | the aim of this study was to compare the pathogenicity of three type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) isolates that originated from korean herds with varying severity of respiratory disease with one lelystad virus. an experimental infection model was used to study virus distribution, sites of viral replication, viraemia, gross and microscopical lesions and the humoural immune response. each virus isolate was given intranasally to 3-week-old pigs. differences were fou ... | 2013 | 23660089 |
| molecular evolution of prrsv in europe: current state of play. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is a major threat to european swine production. the existence of extensive genetic variation in endemic strains and the presence of highly virulent strains in other geographic regions pose the threat of devastating epidemic outbreaks. here we describe the current knowledge of genetic variation in european prrsv isolates, the implications for prrsv evolution, and the presence of multiple genetic lineages of type 2 (north american genotyp ... | 2013 | 23528651 |
| genetic diversity of the orf5 gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates in southwest china from 2007 to 2009. | to gain insight into the molecular epidemiology and possible mechanisms of genetic variation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) in yunnan province of china, the orf5 gene of 32 prrsv isolates from clinical samples collected from 2007 to 2009 were sequenced and analyzed. nucleotide and amino acid analyses were carried out on 32 isolates and representative strains of the north american genotype, european genotype and two representative chinese isolates. results revealed that t ... | 2012 | 22448272 |
| expression of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus membrane-associated proteins in listeria ivanovii via a genome site-specific integration and expression system. | listeria ivanovii (li) possesses a facultative intracellular life cycle in macrophages and non-professional phagocytes thus making it a potential novel vaccine vector. we have developed a genome site-specific integration system as a universal tool for constructing the live li-based vaccines. using this system, the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) orf5 and orf6 genes, coding for prrsv membrane-associated protein gp5 and m, respectively, were integrated into the li genom ... | 2014 | 24993053 |
| long-term monitoring of 10 selected pathogens in wild boar (sus scrofa) in sierra nevada national park, southern spain. | wild boar (sus scrofa) populations are increasing in the iberian peninsula, and population management must include disease management and control. in this study, the epidemiology of 10 selected pathogens (aujeszky's disease virus - adv, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus - prrsv, porcine influenza virus, porcine circovirus, porcine parvovirus, erysipelotrix rhusiopathiae, leptospira pomona, chlamydia/chlamydiaceae sp., salmonella sp. and mycobacterium bovis) in the wild boar pop ... | 2014 | 25261921 |
| adjuvanted poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticle-entrapped inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine elicits cross-protective immune response in pigs. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs), caused by the prrs virus (prrsv), is an economically devastating disease, causing daily losses of approximately $3 million to the us pork industry. current vaccines have failed to completely prevent prrs outbreaks. recently, we have shown that poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (plga) nanoparticle-entrapped inactivated prrsv vaccine (np-kag) induces a cross-protective immune response in pigs. to further improve its cross-protective efficacy, the n ... | 2014 | 24493925 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis whole cell lysate enhances proliferation of cd8 positive lymphocytes and nitric oxide secretion in the lungs of live porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus vaccinated pigs. | porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome (prrs) is an economically important disease of pigs worldwide. currently used prrsv vaccines provide incomplete protection. recently, we identified mycobacterium tuberculosis whole cell lysate (mtb wcl) as a potent mucosal adjuvant to modified live prrsv vaccine (prrs-mlv). in this study, pigs were unvaccinated or vaccinated with prrs-mlv plus mtb wcl, intranasally, and challenged with either homologous (strain vr2332) or virulent heterologous (strai ... | 2013 | 23308386 |
| mycoplasma hyorhinis is a potential pathogen of porcine respiratory disease complex that aggravates pneumonia caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) caused by numerous bacterial and viral agents has a great impact on pig industry worldwide. although mycoplasma hyorhinis (mhr) has been frequently isolated from lung lesions from pigs with prdc, the pathological importance of mhr may have been underestimated. in this study, 383 serum samples obtained from seven herds with a history of prdc were tested for specific antibodies to mhr, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mhp), and porcine reproductive and respi ... | 2016 | 27436444 |
| porcine respiratory disease complex: interaction of vaccination and porcine circovirus type 2, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | porcine respiratory disease is a multifactorial and complex disease caused by a combination of infectious pathogens, environmental stressors, differences in production systems, and various management practices; hence the name porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) is used. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae are considered to be the most important pathogens that cause prdc. although interactions among the ... | 2016 | 27256017 |
| comparison of 2 commercial single-dose mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) vaccines on pigs dually infected with m. hyopneumoniae and prrsv. | the objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of 2 different commercial mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) vaccines in regard to growth performance, microbiological and immunological analyses, and pathological observation from wean to finish (175 d of age). pigs were administered m. hyopneumoniae and prrsv vaccines at 7 and 21 d of age, respectively, or both at 21 d old and then challenged with both m. hyopneumoniae and prr ... | 2016 | 27127338 |
| efficacy of combined vaccination against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in dually infected pigs. | porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) is one of the main causes of economic losses for swine producers. this complex is due to a combination of different pathogens and their interactions. two major pathogens involved in prdc are mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mhp) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). the objectives of this study were (i) to develop an experimental model of dual mhp/prrsv infection in spf pigs with european strains of mhp and prrsv and (ii) to assess a ... | 2015 | 26422712 |
| genetic association of the porcine c9 complement component with hemolytic complement activity. | the complement system is a part of the natural immune regulation mechanism against invading pathogens. complement activation from three different pathways (classical, lectin, and alternative) leads to the formation of c5-convertase, an enzyme for cleavage of c5 into c5a and c5b, followed by c6, c7, c8, and c9 in membrane attack complex. the c9 is the last complement component of the terminal lytic pathway, which plays an important role in lysis of the target cells depending on its self-polymeriz ... | 2015 | 26194222 |
| transcription analysis on response of porcine alveolar macrophages to co-infection of the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) is of great concern economically, for swine producers worldwide. co-infections with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mhp) are considered the major causative agents of prdc, and responsible for mass mortality in pigs. nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying the host factors involved in pathogenesis and persistent infection have not been clearly established because of a lack of information ... | 2015 | 25445346 |
| interaction between single-dose mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccines on dually infected pigs. | the objective of this study was to determine the effects of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and/or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) vaccination on dually infected pigs. in total, 72 pigs were randomly divided into nine groups (eight pigs per group), as follows: five vaccinated and challenged groups, three non-vaccinated and challenged groups, and a negative control group. single-dose vaccination against m. hyopneumoniae alone decreased the levels of prrsv viremia and prrsv-in ... | 2014 | 24702900 |
| identification of mycoplasma suis antigens and development of a multiplex microbead immunoassay. | the aims of the current study were to identify mycoplasma suis antigens and develop a multiplex microbead immunoassay (mia). a m. suis-expression library was screened for immunogens using sera from infected pigs. based on bioinformatics, putative antigens were identified within positive inserts; gene fragments were expressed and purified as polyhistidine fusion proteins, and immunoreactivity was confirmed by western blot. selected antigens were used to develop a mia. sera from noninfected and in ... | 2014 | 24557752 |
| a study to assess the compatibility of simultaneous use of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (eu-type) vaccine and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine under field conditions. | vaccines against m. hyopneumoniae and prrsv are often administered at the same time. the administration of the two vaccines mixed in one syringe (simultaneous use) would save labour and increase animal welfare by reducing the number of injections. the aim of this study was to verify under field conditions, if the simultaneous administration of the two vaccines, would be comparable to the administration of the individual vaccines. 1000 piglets were divided into five groups and were either non vac ... | 2013 | 23758032 |
| herd-level risk factors for the seropositivity to mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and the occurrence of enzootic pneumonia among fattening pigs in areas of endemic infection and high pig density. | the aim of the present study was to identify potential risk factors for the occurrence of enzootic pneumonia (ep) in herds situated in a region of high pig density, where a majority of herds is endemically infected with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. between 2006 and 2010, overall 100 herds were enrolled in a case-control study. data were collected through personal interview with the farmers, clinical examination of pigs and their environments, and serological testing for m. hyopneumoniae, swine infl ... | 2014 | 23199301 |
| porcine ear necrosis syndrome: a preliminary investigation of putative infectious agents in piglets and mycotoxins in feed. | the aim of this study was to identify the causative factors of porcine ear necrosis syndrome (pens) in 72 pigs, 5.5-10 weeks in age housed on nine farms. biopsy samples of ear pinnae were collected from all piglets for bacteriology, histopathology and in situ hybridization for porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). at the same time, serum samples were taken for serological analysis and viral pcr, and feed was sampled for mycotoxin analysis. the initial lesion of pens seemed to be a focal epidermal ne ... | 2012 | 22784419 |
| stable expression of foreign gene in nonessential region of nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: applications for marker vaccine design. | the nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has been shown to be highly heterogeneous and variable among prrsv strains and some sequences in the middle region of the nsp2 are not essential to viral replication. recent studies have attempted to insert foreign genes in the nsp2 nonessential regions but the foreign genes were not stably expressed by recombinant viruses in vitro. in the present study, we first constructed an infectious cdna clone ... | 2012 | 22513707 |
| a comprehensive microbiological safety approach for agarose encapsulated porcine islets intended for clinical trials. | the use of porcine islets to replace insulin-producing islet β-cells, destroyed during the diabetogenic disease process, presents distinct challenges if this option is to become a therapeutic reality for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. these challenges include a thorough evaluation of the microbiological safety of the islets. in this study, we describe a robust porcine islet-screening program that provides a high level of confidence in the microbiological safety of porcine islets suitable for ... | 2016 | 27862363 |
| expression of antigenic epitopes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in a modified live-attenuated porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccine virus (pcv1-2a) as a potential bivalent vaccine against both pcv2 and prrsv. | co-infection of pigs in the field with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is common and poses a major concern in effective control of pcv2 and prrsv. we previously demonstrated that insertion of foreign epitope tags in the c-terminus of pcv2 orf2 produced infectious virions that elicited humoral immune responses against both pcv2 capsid and inserted epitope tags. in this study, we aimed to determine whether the non-pathogenic chimeric ... | 2015 | 26239318 |
| application of a pathogen microarray for the analysis of viruses and bacteria in clinical diagnostic samples from pigs. | many of the disease syndromes challenging the commercial swine industry involve the analysis of complex problems caused by polymicrobial, emerging or reemerging, and transboundary pathogens. this study investigated the utility of the lawrence livermore microbial detection array (lawrence livermore national laboratory, livermore, california), designed to detect 8,101 species of microbes, in the evaluation of known and unknown microbes in serum, oral fluid, and tonsil from pigs experimentally coin ... | 2015 | 25855363 |
| [molecular-genetic analysis of the genomes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2 circulating in the area of russian federation]. | the molecular genetic analysis of the genomes of the virus of porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome (vprrs) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) circulating in the area of the russian federation was discussed. the results of this work showed the circulation of the strains of the european genotype vprrs similar to those found in france and denmark from 1998 to 2001. the homology of the fragment of one of the genes between the russian isolates and the vaccine strain porcilis prrs (intervet) w ... | 2014 | 25845139 |
| a pcv2 vaccine based on genotype 2b is more effective than a 2a-based vaccine to protect against pcv2b or combined pcv2a/2b viremia in pigs with concurrent pcv2, prrsv and ppv infection. | the predominant genotype of porcine circovirus (pcv) in the pig population today is pcv2b yet pcv2a-based commercial vaccines are considered effective in protecting against porcine circovirus associated disease. the objective of this study was to compare the ability of pcv2a- and pcv2b-based vaccines to control pcv2b viremia in a challenge model that mimics the u.s. field situation. sixty-three pigs were randomly assigned to one of eight groups. sixteen pigs were vaccinated with an experimental ... | 2013 | 23174198 |
| effect of porcine circovirus type 2a or 2b on infection kinetics and pathogenicity of two genetically divergent strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in the conventional pig model. | to determine differences in infection kinetics of two temporally and genetically different type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) isolates in vivo with and without concurrent porcine circovirus (pcv) type 2a or 2b infection, 62 pigs were randomly assigned to one of seven groups: negative controls (n=8); pigs coinfected with a 1992 prrsv strain (vr-2385) and pcv2a (coi-92-2a; n=9), pigs coinfected with vr-2385 and pcv2b (coi-92-2b; n=9), pigs coinfected with a 2006 prr ... | 2012 | 22406346 |
| first identification of porcine parvovirus 6 in north america by viral metagenomic sequencing of serum from pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | currently, eight species in four genera of parvovirus have been described that infect swine. these include ungulate protoparvovirus 1 (classical porcine parvovirus, ppv), ungulate tetraparvovirus 2 (ppv3), ungulate tetraparvovirus 3 (which includes ppv2, porcine hokovirus, porcine partetravirus and porcine parv4), ungulate copiparvovirus 2 (which includes ppv4 and ppv5), ungulate bocaparvovirus 2 (which includes porcine bocavirus 1, 2 and 6), ungulate bocaparvovirus 3 (porcine bocavirus 5), ungu ... | 2015 | 26475593 |
| the pathogenic role of torque teno sus virus 1 and 2 and their correlations with various viral pathogens and host immunocytes in wasting pigs. | the pathogenic role of torque teno sus virus (ttsuv) in swine is controversial among different studies. the present study intended to evaluate the potential pathogenicity of ttsuv based on its correlations with the histopathological changes, various common concurrently infected viral pathogens including porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), and porcine parvovirus (ppv), as well as changes in the distribution and population of host immunocy ... | 2015 | 26390821 |
| [the development of a rapid loop-mediated indirect pcr method for detection and differentiation of highly and lowly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus]. | the aim of this study is to establish the method of loop-mediated indirect pcr assay for detection of reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection and differentiation of highly pathogenic prrsv (hp-prrsv) and lowly pathogenic prrsv (lp-prrsv). based on the alignments of orf2 gene sequences and orfla gene sequences of prrsv chinese isolates deposited in genbank, two pairs of specific probes were designed and labeled to both ends of the soybean lectin gene fragment by pcr, respect ... | 2013 | 23894998 |
| serum protein profiles as potential biomarkers for infectious disease status in pigs. | in veterinary medicine and animal husbandry, there is a need for tools allowing the early warning of diseases. preferably, tests should be available that warn farmers and veterinarians during the incubation periods of disease and before the onset of clinical signs. the objective of this study was to explore the potential of serum protein profiles as an early biomarker for infectious disease status. serum samples were obtained from an experimental pig model for porcine circovirus-associated disea ... | 2012 | 22439879 |
| effect of a major quantitative trait locus for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) resistance on response to coinfection with prrs virus and porcine circovirus type 2b (pcv2b) in commercial pigs, with or without prior vaccination for prrs. | a major qtl for host response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus (prrsv) infection was identified in a previous study. single nucleotide polymorphism wur10000125 (wur), which is in complete linkage disequilibrium with the putative causative mutation, can be used as a tag snp for the qtl. however, the effect of wur following prrs vaccination and/or coinfection with other pathogens is not known. therefore, objectives of this study were to estimate the effect of wur on ho ... | 2017 | 28380604 |
| detection of a novel sapelovirus in central nervous tissue of pigs with polioencephalomyelitis in the usa. | an approximately 3,000 finishing swine operation in the united states experienced an outbreak of an atypical neurologic disease in 11-weeks-old pigs with an overall morbidity of 20% and case fatality rate of 30%. the clinical onset and progression of signs in affected pigs varied but included inappetence, compromised ambulation, ataxia, incoordination, mental dullness, paresis, paralysis and decreased response to environmental stimuli. tissues from affected pigs were submitted for diagnostic inv ... | 2017 | 28160432 |
| label-free immunoassay for porcine circovirus type 2 based on excessively tilted fiber grating modified with staphylococcal protein a. | using excessively tilted fiber grating (ex-tfg) inscribed in standard single mode fiber, we developed a novel label-free immunoassay for specific detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), which is a minim animal virus. staphylococcal protein a (spa) was used to modify the silanized fiber surface thus forming a spa layer, which would greatly enhance the proportion of anti-pcv2 monoclonal antibody (mab) bioactivity, thus improving the effectiveness of specific adsorption and binding events be ... | 2016 | 27518582 |
| susceptibility of porcine preimplantation embryos to viruses associated with reproductive failure. | in the modern biological area, the applications of pig as a laboratory model have extensive prospects, such as gene transfer, ivf, scnt, and xenotransplantation. however, the risk of pathogen transmission by porcine embryos is always a topic to be investigated, especially the viruses related to reproductive failure, for instance, pseudorabies virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine parvovirus, and porcine circovirus type 2. it should be mentioned that the zona pelluci ... | 2016 | 27423729 |
| matrine displayed antiviral activity in porcine alveolar macrophages co-infected by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2. | the co-infection of porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is quite common in clinical settings and no effective treatment to the co-infection is available. in this study, we established the porcine alveolar macrophages (pam) cells model co-infected with prrsv/pcv2 with modification in vitro, and investigated the antiviral activity of matrine on this cell model and further evaluated the effect of matrine on virus-induced tlr3,4/nf-κb/tnf-α pa ... | 2016 | 27080155 |
| generation and immunogenicity of porcine circovirus type 2 chimeric virus-like particles displaying porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus gp5 epitope b. | virus-like particles (vlps) can be used as transfer vehicles carrying foreign proteins or antigen epitopes to produce chimeric vlps for bivalent or multivalent vaccines. based on the crystal structure of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) capsid protein (cap), in addition to alignment of the cap sequences collected from various isolates of pcv2 and pcv1, we predicted that loop cd of the pcv2 cap should tolerate insertion of foreign epitopes, and furthermore that such an insertion could be presente ... | 2016 | 26930366 |
| elevated plasma-soluble cd16 levels in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-infected pigs: correlation with adam17-mediated shedding. | soluble cd16 (scd16) is closely correlated with chronic diseases in humans. here, plasma scd16 levels in pigs were increased by infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) but not with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine circovirus type 2 and pseudorabies virus. of interest, prrsv attached to blood neutrophils and reduced surface cd16 expression on neutrophils. in vitro data confirmed that prrsv caused cd16 shedding in neutrophils. further analyses revealed th ... | 2016 | 26653711 |
| evaluation of the use of non-pathogenic porcine circovirus type 1 as a vaccine delivery virus vector to express antigenic epitopes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | we previously demonstrated that the c-terminus of the capsid gene of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is an immune reactive epitope displayed on the surface of virions. insertion of foreign epitope tags in the c-terminus produced infectious virions that elicited humoral immune responses against both pcv2 capsid and the inserted epitope tags, whereas mutation in the n terminus impaired viral replication. since the non-pathogenic porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) shares similar genomic organization ... | 2016 | 26555162 |
| pd-l1 expression is increased in monocyte derived dendritic cells in response to porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infections. | host immune system suppression is thought to be crucial in the development of porcine circovirus associated diseases (pcvad). many immune suppressive mechanisms have been studied in cases of pcvad, however, the role of programmed death ligand-1 (pd-l1) during porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection and pcvad development has yet to be determined. pd-l1 has become an important research target because of its ability to interfere with effective t-cell activity and proliferation during the course ... | 2015 | 26553563 |
| the pd-l1/cd86 ratio is increased in dendritic cells co-infected with porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and the pd-l1/pd-1 axis is associated with anergy, apoptosis, and the induction of regulatory t-cells in porcine lymphocytes. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) continue to have a negative economic impact on global swine production operations. host immune modulations that potentiate disease during pcv2 and/or prrsv infections are important areas of ongoing research. in this study, we evaluated the expression levels of pd-l1, cd86, and il-10 in order to phenotype dendritic cells following viral infection with pcv2b and/or prrsv. the results showed that the in ... | 2015 | 26446939 |
| vaccination with a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) modified live virus vaccine followed by challenge with prrs virus and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) protects against prrs but enhances pcv2 replication and pathogenesis compared to results for nonvaccinated cochallenged controls. | coinfections involving porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) contribute to a group of disease syndromes known as porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). presumably, prrsv infection enhances pcv2 replication as a result of modulation of host immunity. the purpose of this study was to evaluate pcv2 replication and pathogenesis in pigs vaccinated with a prrs modified live virus (mlv) vaccine and subsequently challenged with a combina ... | 2015 | 26446422 |
| development of real-time pcr assay for detection of porcine circovirus-like virus p1 in domestic pigs in china. | the porcine circovirus-like agent p1 is a newly discovered dna virus with a single-stranded circular genome that is highly homologous to that of porcine circovirus type 2. p1 infection can cause symptoms resembling postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. this study aims to develop a rapid, sensitive and specific method to detect p1. | 2015 | 26404908 |
| diagnostic accuracy of porcine acute phase proteins in meat juice for detecting disease at abattoir. | the aim of this work was to evaluate whether acute phase protein (app) determinations could assist official veterinarians carrying out work in slaughterhouses. to test this hypothesis, the diagnostic accuracy of app determinations in meat juice of pigs was analysed to differentiate between healthy and diseased pigs. one hundred and one pigs of two different origins were classified into two groups according to their health status (healthy and diseased pigs), which was determined by a veterinary c ... | 2015 | 26101294 |
| expression of toll-like receptor signaling-related genes in pigs co-infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2. | pigs co-infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) have been shown to develop more severe diseases than pigs infected with prrsv or pcv2 only. the underlying interaction mechanisms between the two viruses in developing the disease are unclear. the present study investigates the mrna expression of toll-like receptor (tlr) signaling-related molecules in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pigs infected with prrsv or pcv2 or bo ... | 2015 | 26022073 |
| [construction and identification of a recombinant prrsv expressing orf2 of porcine circovirus type 2]. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) are very two important pathogens that have coursed huge economic losses in swine production in worldwide. in this study,a vector pcmv-tjm containing the full-length cdna clone of prrsv attenuated strain tjm-f92 was firstly constructed by pcr method. then a gene sequence containing afl ii/mlu i e restriction enzyme sites and a transcription regulatory sequence for orf6 (trs6) was inserted be- tween or ... | 2015 | 25997333 |
| expression profile of toll-like receptor mrna in pigs co-infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2. | field and experimental studies have shown that co-infection of pigs with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) increases the severity of the disease. the present study investigates the mrna expression profile of toll-like receptors (tlrs) in pigs co-infected with prrsv and pcv2. spf pigs were infected with prrsv, pcv2 or in a combination of both. the mrna expression levels of tlrs and related cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cel ... | 2015 | 25555603 |
| mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccines used in piglets. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccination is globally one of the most commonly used intervention strategies in growing pigs since several products became commercially available in 2006. while multiple trials have described the efficacy of individual pcv2 vaccines relative to non-vaccination, few studies provide product-to-product comparisons of efficacy. given the well-documented efficacy of pcv2 vaccines, information about the comparative efficacy of available vaccines is more relevant to pr ... | 2014 | 25457512 |
| multiplex serology for common viral infections in feral pigs (sus scrofa) in hawaii between 2007 and 2010. | multiplex serology was performed for the detection of total immunoglobulin (ig) and igm antibodies against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), and swine influenza virus (siv) antigens in feral swine (sus scrofa). serum samples were collected from the islands of oahu (292 pigs) and hawaii (52 pigs) between 2007 and 2010. the highest antibody prevalence was to pcv2 (63%), followed by siv (7.8%) and prrsv (5.8%). antigen-specific igm was de ... | 2015 | 25380357 |
| the comparative profile of lymphoid cells and the t and b cell spectratype of germ-free piglets infected with viruses siv, prrsv or pcv2. | lymphocyte subsets isolated from germ-free piglets experimentally infected with swine influenza virus (siv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) or porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) were studied and the profile of these subsets among these three infections was monitored. germ-free piglets were used since their response could be directly correlated to the viral infection. because siv infections are resolved even by colostrum-deprived neonates whereas prrsv and pcv2 infectio ... | 2014 | 25186625 |
| comparison of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-associated lesions produced by co-infection between two genotypes of pcv2 and two genotypes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | the objective of this study was to compare the virulence and pathogenicity of a combination of concurrent infections of two genotypes of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and two genotypes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in terms of pcv2 viraemia, and pcv2-associated lesions and antigens in co-infected pigs. pigs with pcv2a (or 2b)/type 1 (or type 2) prrsv had significantly (p<0.05) higher mean clinical respiratory scores and lower average daily weight gain compared ... | 2014 | 25034866 |
| phylogenetic comparison of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) strains detected in domestic pigs until 2008 and in 2012 in croatia. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) have been present for the last 2 decades in croatia, causing large economical losses in the pig production. the clinical features of the infections are mostly manifested by the development of respiratory problems, weight loss and poor growth performance, as well as reproductive failure in pregnant sows. even though the infections are continuously recognized in some regions in croatia, the heterogenei ... | 2014 | 24839544 |
| the application of a duplex reverse transcription real-time pcr for the surveillance of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2. | the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) is the most common disease in commercial pork production worldwide. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), the most important agents of prdc, usually co-infect in the same pigs. in order to survey the prevalence of pcv2 and prrsv in pigs of various ages, a duplex reverse transcription real-time pcr (drt-rpcr) was developed and applied in the present study. the drt-rpcr did not cross-react wi ... | 2014 | 24560782 |
| comparison of four commercial one-dose porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccines administered to pigs challenged with pcv2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus at 17 weeks postvaccination to control porcine respiratory disease complex under korean field conditions. | under korean field conditions, coinfection with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is most commonly observed in porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc). despite the wide use of pcv2 vaccination, prdc remains a serious respiratory problem. thus, the objective of this study was to determine and compare the efficacy of 4 one-dose pcv2 vaccines on 3-week-old pigs with an experimental pcv2-prrsv challenge at 17 weeks postvaccination. re ... | 2014 | 24403524 |
| immune responses of mice immunized by dna plasmids encoding pcv2 orf 2 gene, porcine il-15 or the both. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is associated with many kinds of diseases including postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). it affects the immune system of swine and causes huge epidemic losses every year. in our previous study, we provided evidence that dna plasmid bearing porcine il-15 (pvax-pil-15) might serve as an immune enhancer for dna plasmid encoding porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus gp5 gene. in this study, pcv2 open reading frame (orf)2 gene was cloned in ... | 2013 | 24091312 |
| concurrent porcine circovirus type 2a (pcv2a) or pcv2b infection increases the rate of amino acid mutations of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) during serial passages in pigs. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has a high degree of genetic and antigenic variability. the purpose of this study was to determine if porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection increases genetic variability of prrsv during serial passages in pigs and to determine if there is a difference in the prrsv mutation rate between pigs concurrently infected with pcv2a or pcv2b. after 8 consecutive passages of prrsv alone (group 1), prrsv with pcv2a (group 2), or pcv2b (group 3 ... | 2013 | 24036229 |
| detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) antibodies in meat juice samples from polish wild boar (sus scrofa l.). | pcv2 and prrsv are two important pathogens of domestic swine. there is considerable evidence that the infection is also present in wild boars. meat juice provides an alternative to serum for antibody testing, and it has been used in testing for many important porcine infectious diseases. samples of brachial muscle were collected from 142 wild boars shot in different regions of poland during the 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 hunting seasons. meat juice harvested from muscle samples was tested using an ... | 2013 | 23974935 |
| synergistic effects of sequential infection with highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is the causative agent of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs. coinfection with highly pathogenic prrsv (hp-prrsv) and pcv2 in the field has recently become extensive in some asian countries. a synergistic pathogenicity between prrsv and pcv2 infections has previously been reported. however, the consequences ... | 2013 | 23971711 |
| the use of null models and partial least squares approach path modelling (pls-pm) for investigating risk factors influencing post-weaning mortality in indoor pig farms. | although post-weaning mortality (pwm) in pig farming is mainly due to the effect of pathogens, farm type or swine management are also directly or indirectly involved. in this work, we used null models and the partial least squares approach (pls) to structural equation modelling, also known as pls path modelling (pls-pm), to explore whether farm type, swine management and pathogens, including porcine circovirus type 2, swine influenza virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and ... | 2014 | 23725592 |
| variable performance of a human derived sarcoptes scabiei recombinant antigen elisa in swine mange diagnosis. | the performance of an indirect elisa test based on sarcoptes scabiei var hominis recombinant antigen ssλ20δb3 (rec-elisa), to diagnose pig mange was investigated in 15 experimentally infected and non-infected pigs and 692 commercial pigs from 16 herds in southeast spain. these latter animals included 6-7 month old fatteners (13 herds), 11-12 month old replacement sows (1 herd) and ≥24 month old breeding sows (7 herds). all pigs were examined for mites in ear skin scrapings and the presence of s. ... | 2013 | 23683576 |
| antibody responses induced in mice immunized with recombinant adenovectors expressing chimeric proteins of various porcine pathogens. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and mycoplasma (m.) hyopneumoniae are swine pathogens of economic importance. although vaccines are available for each pathogen, no commercial bivalent vaccines have been developed so far. in this study, recombinant adenovectors (advs) expressing proteins of each pathogen were developed and their immunogenicity tested in mice. the proteins of interest were the glycoprotein gp5 of prrsv, the capsid (cap) ... | 2013 | 23583895 |
| the blurred border between porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease and porcine respiratory disease complex. | porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) is the name used to describe a clinical presentation characterized by respiratory signs and poor growth in growing-finishing pigs. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is one of the pathogens potentially involved in the presentation of this complex, although, it has been mainly linked to pcv2-systemic disease (pcv2-sd). however, some reports have suggested that pcv2 can cause respiratory lesions in the absence of systemic lymphoid damage; this apparently di ... | 2013 | 23398668 |
| single-tube multiplexed molecular detection of endemic porcine viruses in combination with background screening for transboundary diseases. | detection of several pathogens with multiplexed real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) assays in a one-step setup allows the simultaneous detection of two endemic porcine and four different selected transboundary viruses. reverse transcription (rt)-qpcr systems for the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), two of the most economically important pathogens of swine worldwide, were combined with a screening system for diseases noti ... | 2013 | 23303496 |
| comparative effects of vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in a pcv2-prrsv challenge model. | the objective of the present study was to determine the effects of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) vaccinations in an experimental pcv2-prrsv challenge model, based on virological (viremia), immunological (neutralizing antibodies [nas], gamma interferon-secreting cells [ifn-γ-scs], and cd4(+) cd8(+) double-positive cells), and pathological (lesions and antigens in lymph nodes and lungs) evaluations. a total of 72 pigs were randomly ... | 2013 | 23302743 |
| antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal piglets. xv. porcine circovirus type 2 infection differentially affects serum igg levels and antibodies to orf2 in piglets free from other environmental factors. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is an important pathogen in the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) and its persistence may be due to dysregulation of systemic immunity. we examined this contention using isolator piglets. we present data on ig levels in serum and bronchio-alveolar lavage (bal), on antibody response to pcv2 and to tnp conjugates used as model antigens in 48 pcv2-infected isolator piglets. we compared these to data from tnp-immunized isolator piglets colonized with a probi ... | 2012 | 23142304 |
| identifying an outbreak of a novel swine disease using test requests for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome as a syndromic surveillance tool. | animal disease monitoring and surveillance are crucial for ensuring the health of animals, humans and the environment. many studies have investigated the utility of monitoring syndromes associated with data from veterinary laboratory submissions, but no research has focused on how negative test results from a veterinary diagnostic laboratory data can be used to improve our knowledge of disease outbreaks. for example, if a diagnostic laboratory was seeing a disproportionate number of negative tes ... | 2012 | 23072647 |
| recognition of the different structural forms of the capsid protein determines the outcome following infection with porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) capsid protein (cp) is the only protein necessary for the formation of the virion capsid, and recombinant cp spontaneously forms virus-like particles (vlps). located within a single cp subunit is an immunodominant epitope consisting of residues 169 to 180 [cp(169-180)], which is exposed on the surface of the subunit, but, in the structural context of the vlp, the epitope is buried and inaccessible to antibody. high levels of anti-cp(169-180) activity are associat ... | 2012 | 23035215 |
| exploratory study of torque teno sus viruses in pulmonary inflammatory lesions in pigs. | the pathogenic role of torque teno sus viruses 1 (ttsuv1) and 2 (ttsuv2), and their capacity to induce lesions are controversial. ttsuvs have been linked to porcine circovirus diseases (pcvds) and described as cause of mild respiratory lesions in gnotobiotic pigs; moreover, an increased ttsuv prevalence has been found in porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) affected pigs. in the present study, ttsuv1 and ttsuv2 loads and their prevalence were evaluated in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ... | 2013 | 23031343 |
| co-infection of porcine dendritic cells with porcine circovirus type 2a (pcv2a) and genotype ii porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) induces cd4(+)cd25(+)foxp3(+) t cells in vitro. | porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad) is currently one of the most economically important diseases in the global swine industry. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent, however co-infection with other swine pathogens such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is often required to induce the full spectrum of clinical pcvad. while the specific mechanisms of viral co-infection that lead to clinical disease are not fully understood, immune mo ... | 2012 | 22633482 |
| antibody responses following vaccination versus infection in a porcine circovirus-type 2 (pcv2) disease model show distinct differences in virus neutralization and epitope recognition. | porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad) encompasses a group of syndromes linked to infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). based on the hypothesis that the immune responses to vaccination versus infection are quantitatively and qualitatively different, the objective of this study was to evaluate immunity, virus replication and disease protection in pigs vaccinated with pcv2 capsid protein (cp) and during infection. the disease model included dual infection with pcv2 and porcine re ... | 2012 | 22521847 |
| longitudinal analysis of acute-phase proteins in saliva in pig farms with different health status. | this study assesses the utility of saliva samples to monitor the time course of the acute-phase response to different viruses in pigs under field conditions by using time-resolved immunofluorometric assays (tr-ifma). a total of 30 pigs from three different farms, located in southeast spain, were used. farm 1 had outbreaks of porcine circovirus type 2, farm 2 had infections with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and farm 3 had concomitant infections with both viruses. serology w ... | 2012 | 22436191 |
| orf1 but not orf2 dependent differences are important for in vitro replication of pcv2 in porcine alveolar macrophages singularly or coinfected with prrsv. | the objective of this study was to investigate cytokine expression and in vitro replication of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in pulmonary alveolar macrophages (pams) emphasizing pcv2 open-reading frame (orf) origin (pcv2a or pcv2b) and prrsv strain. chimeric pcv2 viruses composed of different combinations of orf1 and orf2 of pcv2a or pcv2b (chimera pcv2a-2b and chimera pcv2b-2a) were constructed and five different prrsv isolates ... | 2012 | 22406345 |
| naturally co-infected boars with both porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2. | in this study, the humoral response against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the presence of the virus in semen and serum and the genetic characteristics of the virus detected in 15 boars from a commercial farm were analysed. the results showed that 53% of the boars presented anti-prrsv antibodies and 100% presented anti-pcv2 antibodies. porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was detected in 43% of the boars and 73% we ... | 2012 | 22335816 |
| assessment of air sampling methods and size distribution of virus-laden aerosols in outbreaks in swine and poultry farms. | swine and poultry viruses, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv), are economically important pathogens that can spread via aerosols. the reliability of methods for quantifying particle-associated viruses as well as the size distribution of aerosolized particles bearing these viruses under field conditions are not well documented. we compared the performance of 2 size-differe ... | 2017 | 28363251 |
| the effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus challenge on growing pigs ii: intestinal integrity and function. | the objective of this study was to determine if intestinal function and integrity is altered due to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) virus infection in growing pigs. forty-two gilts (16.8 ± 0.6 kg bw), naïve for prrs and ped, were selected and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) a control (con; = 6), 2) prrs virus challenge only (prrs; = 12), 3) ped virus challenge only (; = 12), or 4) coinfection of prrs + ped viruses (prp; = ... | 2016 | 27065122 |
| the effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus challenge on growing pigs i: growth performance and digestibility. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) and porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) are two diseases costly to the u.s. swine industry. the objective of this study was to determine the impact of prrs virus and ped virus, alone or in combination, on growth performance, feed efficiency, and digestibility in grower pigs. forty-two gilts (16 ± 0.98 kg bw) naïve for prrs and ped were selected and allocated to 1 of 4 treatments. treatments included 1) a control, 2) prrs virus infected, 3) ped vir ... | 2016 | 27065121 |
| comparison between the 2013-2014 and 2009-2012 annual porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus epidemics in a cohort of sow herds in the united states. | the purpose of this study was to describe the 2013/2014 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) epidemic in the united states and compare it with the previous 4 y of data from 2009 to 2012. a total of 371 herds participated in the study, representing nearly 1.2 million sows in 15 states. there were significantly fewer prrsv cases during this study period and the onset of the annual epidemic was delayed approximately 3 wk. cluster analysis revealed a pattern similar to previou ... | 2015 | 26483586 |
| ribavirin efficiently suppresses porcine nidovirus replication. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) are porcine nidoviruses that represent emerging viral pathogens causing heavy economic impacts on the swine industry. although ribavirin is a well-known antiviral drug against a broad range of both dna and rna viruses in vitro, its inhibitory effect and mechanism of action on porcine nidovirus replication remains to be elucidated. therefore, the present study was conducted to determine whether ... | 2013 | 23108045 |
| gene editing as applied to prevention of reproductive porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) causes severe reproductive failure in sows, as well as transplacental transfer of prrs virus (prrsv) to late-gestation fetuses, resulting in abortions, early farrowing, increased number of stillborn piglets, and weak neonatal piglets. prrsv-infected boars present with anorexia and lethargy, and have decreased sperm quality. the gene for the cellular receptor that the prrsv uses, cluster of differentiation 163 (cd163), was edited using clustere ... | 2017 | 28390179 |
| host genetics of response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in nursery pigs. | prrs is the most costly disease in the us pig industry. while vaccination, biosecurity and eradication effort have had some success, the variability and infectiousness of prrs virus strains have hampered the effectiveness of these measures. we propose the use of genetic selection of pigs as an additional and complementary effort. several studies have shown that host response to prrs infection has a sizeable genetic component and recent advances in genomics provide opportunities to capitalize on ... | 2017 | 28385270 |
| emergence of mosaic recombinant strains potentially associated with vaccine jxa1-r and predominant circulating strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in different provinces of china. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has caused several outbreaks in china since 2006. however, the genetic diversity of prrsv in china has greatly increased by rapid evolution or recombination events. modified live-attenuated vaccines are widely used to control this disease worldwide. although the risk and inefficacy of the vaccine has been reported, the genetic diversity between epidemic field strains and vaccine strains in china has not been completely elucidated. | 2017 | 28376821 |
| identification of a linear b-cell epitope on non-structural protein 12 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, using a monoclonal antibody. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has caused tremendous economic losses and continues to be a serious problem to the swine industry worldwide. the structure and function of prrsv nonstructural protein 12 (nsp12) is still unknown. in this study, we produced a monoclonal antibody, named as 1e5, against the nsp12 protein of hp (highly pathogenic) -prrsv strain hun4. a series of partially overlapping recombinant nsp12 truncations and synthesized peptides were used to define ... | 2017 | 28365807 |
| quasispecies evolution of the prototypical genotype 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus early during in vivo infection is rapid and tissue specific. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is a major infectious threat to the pig industry worldwide. increasing evidence suggests that microevolution within a quasispecies population can give rise to high sequence heterogeneity in prrsv; potentially impacting the pathogenicity of the virus. here, we report on micro-evolutionary events taking place within the viral quasispecies population in lung and lymph node 3 days post infection (dpi) following experimental in vivo infectio ... | 2017 | 28361286 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) up-regulates il-8 expression through tak-1/jnk/ap-1 pathways. | the acute phase of respiratory distress caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is likely a consequence of the release of inflammatory cytokines in the lung. il-8, the main chemokine and activator of neutrophils, might be related to the lung injury upon prrsv infection. in this study, we showed that prrsv induced il-8 expression in vivo and in vitro. subsequently, we demonstrated that jnk and nf-κb pathways were activated upon prrsv infection and required for the en ... | 2017 | 28347884 |
| enhancing heterologous protection in pigs vaccinated with chimeric porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus containing the full-length sequences of shuffled structural genes of multiple heterologous strains. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is the causative agent of arguably the most economically important global swine disease. the extensive genetic variation of prrsv strains is a major obstacle for heterologous protection of current vaccines. previously, we constructed a panel of chimeric viruses containing only the ectodomain sequences of dna-shuffled structural genes of different prrsv strains in the backbone of a commercial vaccine, and found that one chimeric virus ha ... | 2017 | 28343773 |
| the viral innate immune antagonism and an alternative vaccine design for prrs virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) remains one of the most economically significant diseases in the swine industry worldwide. the current vaccines are less satisfactory to confer protections from heterologous infections and long-term persistence, and the need for better vaccines are urgent. the immunological hallmarks in prrsv-infected pigs include the unusually poor production of type i interferons (ifns-α/β) and the aberrant and delayed adaptive immune responses, indicating t ... | 2017 | 28341332 |
| pathogenesis and control of the chinese highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has remained a major threat to the worldwide swine industry ever since its first discovery in the early 1990s. under the selective pressures in the field, this positive-stranded rna virus undergoes rapid genetic evolution that eventually leads to emergence in 2006 of the devastating chinese highly pathogenic prrsv (hp-prrsv). the atypical nature of hp-prrsv has caused colossal economic losses to the swine producers in china and the surr ... | 2017 | 28292547 |
| novel insights into host responses and reproductive pathophysiology of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome caused by prrsv-2. | a large challenge experiment using north american porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (prrsv-2) provided new insights into the pathophysiology of reproductive prrs. deep phenotyping of dams and fetuses identified maternal and fetal predictors of prrs severity and resilience. prrsv infection resulted in dramatic decreases in all leukocyte subsets by 2days post inoculation. apoptosis in the interface region was positively related to endometrial vasculitis, viral load in endometrium and feta ... | 2017 | 28292546 |