| improved health and survival of fiv-infected cats is associated with the presence of autoantibodies to the primary receptor, cd134. | we analyzed antibody responses in sera from feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-infected and uninfected cats. a strong antiviral response to the viral surface glycoprotein (su) was noted in both natural and experimental infections. in addition, 143 of 226 fiv-infected animals (63%) also expressed antibodies to the primary binding receptor, cd134, whereas cats infected with other feline rna viruses, including calicivirus, coronavirus, herpesvirus, and feline leukemia virus, did not. both affinity ... | 2009 | 19901342 |
| phylogenetic analysis suggests independent introduction of feline immunodeficiency virus clades a and b to central europe and identifies diverse variants of clade b. | phylogenetic analysis of european feline immunodeficiency virus sequences confirms a highly distinct pattern in the occurrence of fiv-subtypes within germany and austria, indicating little mixing and at least two independent introductions of fiv. there is also evidence for a north to south gradient of fiv subtype distribution in europe, with subtype a being more common in the north, while subtype b is prevalent in the south of europe. in addition, among austrian subtype b sequences, considerable ... | 2010 | 19910056 |
| fiv gag: virus assembly and host-cell interactions. | infection of domestic cats with virulent strains of the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) leads to an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), similar to the pathogenesis induced in humans by infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). thus, fiv is a highly relevant model for anti-hiv therapy and vaccine development. fiv is not infectious in humans, so it is also a potentially effective non-toxic gene therapy vector. to make better use of this model, it is important to define ... | 2010 | 19910057 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) in wild pallas' cats. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), a feline lentivirus related to hiv, causes immune dysfunction in domestic and wild cats. the pallas' cat is the only species from asia known to harbor a species-specific strain of fiv designated fiv(oma) in natural populations. here, a 25% seroprevalence of fiv is reported from 28 wild mongolian pallas' cats sampled from 2000 to 2008. phylogenetic analysis of proviral rt-pol from eight fiv(oma) isolates from mongolia, russia, china and kazakhstan reveals a un ... | 2010 | 19926144 |
| evaluation of a new in-clinic test system to detect feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infection. | many in-house tests for the diagnosis of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukemia virus (felv) infection are licensed for use in veterinary practice. a new test with unknown performance has recently appeared on the market. | 2010 | 19930142 |
| feline programmed death and its ligand: characterization and changes with feline immunodeficiency virus infection. | programmed death (pd)-1 and its ligand, pd-l1, are co-stimulatory molecules expressed on t cells and antigen-presenting cells, respectively, that modulate t cell receptor signals. altered pd expression or signalling contributes to pathogen persistence in chronic infections. the sequence of the feline pd genes was derived from gene amplification with primers conserved across human and canine homologs, and by sequence extension through rapid amplification of cdna ends. feline pd-1 was similar to t ... | 2010 | 19931185 |
| 9th international feline retrovirus research symposium 2008. preface. | | 2010 | 19931187 |
| seroprevalences to viral pathogens in free-ranging and captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) on namibian farmland. | cheetah populations are diminishing rapidly in their natural habitat. one reason for their decline is thought to be a high susceptibility to (infectious) diseases because cheetahs in zoos suffer from high disease-induced mortality. data on the health status of free-ranging cheetahs are scarce, and little is known about their exposure and susceptibility to infectious diseases. we determined seroprevalences to nine key viruses (feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus, feline parvovirus, feline co ... | 2010 | 19955325 |
| chronic progressive polyarthritis in a female cat. | feline chronic progressive polyarthritis is a rare immune-mediated disease that has only previously been reported in male cats. a one-year-old female cat was presented with anorexia, lassitude and lameness. the tarsal, carpal and elbow joints revealed swelling, pain, stiffness, crepitus and regional lymphadenopathy, and fever was present. the cat was clinically diagnosed with chronic progressive polyarthritis based on the fever, swelling of joints, imaging of erosive proliferative periosteal pol ... | 2010 | 20009422 |
| targeting trojan horse leukocytes for hiv prevention. | | 2010 | 20010071 |
| frequent detection of papillomavirus dna in clinically normal skin of cats infected and noninfected with feline immunodeficiency virus. | feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (sccs) often contain felis domesticus papillomavirus type 2 (fdpv-2) dna. while this may suggest fdpv-2 causes feline scc development, the proportion of cats that are asymptomatically infected by this pv is unknown. infection by feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is associated with high rates of cutaneous scc development, possibly due to increased pv infection. this study examines the frequency of cutaneous asymptomatic fdpv-2 infections in cats and com ... | 2010 | 20042039 |
| regulation of lentivirus neurovirulence by lipopolysaccharide conditioning: suppression of cxcl10 in the brain by il-10. | lentivirus infections including hiv and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) cause neurovirulence, which is largely mediated by innate immunity. to investigate the interactions between neurovirulence and repeated conditioning by innate immune activation, models of lentivirus infection were exposed to lps. gene expression in hiv-infected (hiv+) and control (hiv-) patient brains was compared by real time rt-pcr and immunocytochemistry. supernatants from mock and hiv-infected monocyte-derived macrop ... | 2010 | 20042580 |
| coombs', haemoplasma and retrovirus testing in feline anaemia. | to investigate the associations between coombs' testing, haemoplasma and retroviral infections, and feline anaemia. | 2010 | 20070499 |
| genetic diversity of brazilian isolates of feline immunodeficiency virus. | | 2010 | 20084530 |
| acute mucosal pathogenesis of feline immunodeficiency virus is independent of viral dose in vaginally infected cats. | the mucosal pathogenesis of hiv has been shown to be an important feature of infection and disease progression. hiv-1 infection causes depletion of intestinal lamina propria cd4+ t cells (lpl), therefore, intestinal cd4+ t cell preservation may be a useful correlate of protection in evaluating vaccine candidates. vaccine studies employing the cat/fiv and macaque/siv models frequently use high doses of parenterally administered challenge virus to ensure high plasma viremia in control animals. how ... | 2010 | 20085648 |
| the distribution of feline immunodeficiency virus in tissue compartments of feral domestic cats. | | 2010 | 20112119 |
| env-expressing autologous t lymphocytes induce neutralizing antibody and afford marked protection against feline immunodeficiency virus. | the envelope (env) glycoproteins of hiv and other lentiviruses possess neutralization and other protective epitopes, yet all attempts to induce protective immunity using env as the only immunogen have either failed or afforded minimal levels of protection. in a novel prime-boost approach, specific-pathogen-free cats were primed with a plasmid expressing env of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and then boosted with their own t lymphoc ... | 2010 | 20130057 |
| late onset and rapid progression of cerebellar abiotrophy in a domestic shorthair cat. | a two-year-old male domestic shorthair cat was seen because of sudden onset of incoordination and tremors that had rapidly worsened over five days. neurological examination revealed severe cerebellar ataxia, intention tremors and bilaterally decreased menace response. blood work evaluation included a complete cell blood count (cbc), serum biochemistry profile, urinalysis, faecal flotation, cerebrospinal fluid (csf) analysis and retroviral testing. except for testing positive for feline immunodef ... | 2010 | 20136999 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus and bartonella species in stray cats on st kitts, west indies. | stray cats trapped in various areas of basseterre, the capital of st kitts in the west indies, were tested for infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukemia virus (felv) using commercial kits. of 99 (51 male and 48 female) cats trapped in 2006/7, 15% (12 males and three females) were positive for fiv while none were positive for felv. of 72 (41 males and 31 females) cats trapped in 2009, 14% (nine males and one female) were positive for fiv while none were positive for f ... | 2010 | 20138558 |
| association between naturally occurring chronic kidney disease and feline immunodeficiency virus infection status in cats. | to investigate the association between naturally occurring chronic kidney disease (ckd) and fiv infection status in cats in australia. | 2010 | 20151865 |
| cd4(+)cd25(+) t regulatory cells inhibit cd8(+) ifn-gamma production during acute and chronic fiv infection utilizing a membrane tgf-beta-dependent mechanism. | cd8(+) lymphocytes are critical to the control and elimination of viral pathogens. impaired cd8(+) responses are well recognized in lentiviral infections; however, the mechanisms underlying cd8(+) impairment remain elusive. using the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) model for human aids, we reported previously that cd4(+)cd25(+) treg cells in both the acute and long-term, asymptomatic phase of infection are constitutively activated and suppress cd4(+)cd25(-) t cell responses. in the current s ... | 2010 | 20156102 |
| cutaneous mycoflora and cd4:cd8 ratio of cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. | this study was designed to compare cutaneous mycoflora isolation and cd4+:cd8+ ratio in feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-infected cats with that in fiv-uninfected cats. sixty cats were examined. twenty-five were fiv-infected cats and 35 were fiv-uninfected cats. all 60 cats were felv-negative. fungi were speciated and immunophenotyping of peripheral cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocytes was performed. at least one fungal colony was isolated from 22/25 (88%) fiv-infected cats. among the fiv-uninfected c ... | 2010 | 20156698 |
| dominance of highly divergent feline leukemia virus a progeny variants in a cat with recurrent viremia and fatal lymphoma. | in a cat that had ostensibly recovered from feline leukemia virus (felv) infection, we observed the reappearance of the virus and the development of fatal lymphoma 8.5 years after the initial experimental exposure to felv-a/glasgow-1. the goals of the present study were to investigate this felv reoccurrence and molecularly characterize the progeny viruses. | 2010 | 20167134 |
| dual-subtype feline immunodeficiency virus vaccine provides 12 months of protective immunity against heterologous challenge. | the duration of immunity of the dual-subtype feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) vaccine, fel-o-vax fiv, for protection against subtype-b fiv was assessed in this study. vaccinated cats along with controls were challenged with fiv(fc1), a subtype-b fiv strain, 54 weeks after the final vaccination, and monitored for 46-48 weeks for provirus and viral rna in peripheral blood, provirus in lymphoid organs, and cd4:cd8 ratios. results of provirus detection in peripheral blood and lymphoid organs and ... | 2010 | 20167521 |
| the epidemiology of lion lentivirus infection among a population of free-ranging lions (panthera leo) in the kruger national park, south africa. | feline immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus of domestic cats that causes significant lifelong infection. infection with this or similar lentiviruses has been detected in several nondomestic feline species, including african lions (panthera leo). although lion lentivirus (fivple) infection is endemic in certain lion populations in eastern and southern africa, little is known about its pathogenic effects or its epidemiological impact in free-ranging lions. this report describes the epidemiologic ... | 2009 | 20169747 |
| intradermal tuberculin testing of wild african lions (panthera leo) naturally exposed to infection with mycobacterium bovis. | african lions in the southern half of kruger national park (knp) are infected with mycobacterium bovis. historically, reliable detection of mycobacteriosis in lions was limited to necropsy and microbiological analysis of lesion material collected from emaciated and ailing or repeat-offender lions. we report on a method of cervical intradermal tuberculin testing of lions and its interpretation capable of identifying natural exposure to m. bovis. infected lions (n=52/95) were identified by detaile ... | 2010 | 20188497 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus model for designing hiv/aids vaccines. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) discovered in 1986 is a lentivirus that causes aids in domestic cats. fiv is classified into five subtypes (a-e), and all subtypes and circulating intersubtype recombinants have been identified throughout the world. a commercial fiv vaccine, consisting of inactivated subtype-a and -d viruses (fel-o-vax fiv, fort dodge animal health), was released in the united states in 2002. the united states department of agriculture approved the commercial release of fel-o- ... | 2010 | 20210778 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) as a model for study of lentivirus infections: parallels with hiv. | fiv is a significant pathogen in the cat and is, in addition, the smallest available natural model for the study of lentivirus infections. although divergent at the amino acid level, the cat lentivirus has an abundance of structural and pathophysiological commonalities with hiv and thus serves well as a model for development of intervention strategies relevant to infection in both cats and man. the following review highlights both the strengths and shortcomings of the fiv/cat model, particular a ... | 2010 | 20210782 |
| [receptors for animal retroviruses]. | diseases caused by animal retroviruses have been recognized since 19th century in veterinary field. most livestock and companion animals have own retroviruses. to disclose the receptors for these retroviruses will be useful for understanding retroviral pathogenesis, developments of anti-retroviral drugs and vectors for human and animal gene therapies. of retroviruses in veterinary field, receptors for the following viruses have been identified; equine infectious anemia virus, feline immunodefici ... | 2009 | 20218331 |
| prevalence of hemotropic mycoplasmas in healthy and unhealthy cats and dogs in spain. | the aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of hemoplasmas in cats and dogs from the barcelona area of spain with the use of species-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assays and to evaluate any associations between hemoplasma infection, clinical presentation, and vector-borne infections. blood samples from cats (191) and dogs (182) were included and were classified as healthy (149) or unhealthy (224). ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid blood samples underwe ... | 2010 | 20224091 |
| an updated nation-wide epidemiological survey of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection in japan. | an updated nation-wide epidemiological survey of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection was conducted in japan. blood samples were collected from 1,770 outdoor accessing cats from march to october 2008. serologically, 410 cats (23.2%) were positive for anti-fiv antibody. proviral dna of the fiv env v3-v5 region isolated from 348 cases could be phylogenetically analyzed. the present study disclosed a geographic distribution of four subtypes (a, b, c and d) of fiv in japan. even though an f ... | 2010 | 20224240 |
| flexible use of nuclear import pathways by hiv-1. | hiv-1 replication requires transport of nascent viral dna and associated virion proteins, the retroviral preintegration complex (pic), into the nucleus. too large for passive diffusion through nuclear pore complexes (npcs), pics use cellular nuclear transport mechanisms and nucleoporins (nups), the npc components that permit selective nuclear-cytoplasmic exchange, but the details remain unclear. here we identify a fragment of the cleavage and polyadenylation factor 6, cpsf6, as a potent inhibito ... | 2010 | 20227665 |
| dual-emission fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret) real-time pcr differentiates feline immunodeficiency virus subtypes and discriminates infected from vaccinated cats. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is among the most common infectious agents of cats. five well-characterized fiv subtypes, a, b, c, d, and e, are recognized worldwide. as in hiv diagnosis, serum antibodies against fiv classically serve as an indicator of infection status. after the introduction of an inactivated fiv vaccine, this approach has become problematic, since antibodies generated by vaccination are indistinguishable from antibodies in response to infection. however, pcr detection of ... | 2010 | 20335417 |
| in vitro assembly of the feline immunodeficiency virus gag polyprotein. | the retroviral gag protein is the only viral product that is necessary for the assembly of virions in mammalian cells. we have established an in vitro assembly system to study the assembly properties of purified feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) gag protein expressed in bacteria. under fully defined conditions, the fiv gag protein assembles into spherical particles of 33 nm in diameter which are morphologically similar to authentic immature particles, albeit smaller than virions. the in vitro ... | 2010 | 20347892 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus and toxoplasma gondii in stray and household cats in kerman-iran: seroprevalence and correlation with clinical and laboratory findings. | this study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of feline leukemia virus (felv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) infection among stray and owned cats in southeastern iran and to identify the influence of age, sex, lifestyle, health status, and laboratory findings on seropositivity. the overall infection rate for fiv, felv, and t. gondii was 19.2%, 14.2%, and 32.1% respectively. results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that o ... | 2010 | 20362315 |
| risk analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in tsushima leopard cats (prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) and domestic cats using a geographic information system. | in this study, based on the data from fiv screening surveys of captive cats conducted by the kyushu veterinary union and collaborators as part of the infection control program for tsushima leopard cats (prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus), we elucidated the spatial distribution of fiv-positive individuals among leopard cats and domestic cats using a geographic information system. data from fiv screening surveys carried out among 86 leopard cats (1996-2006) and 713 captive domestic cats (2001-20 ... | 2010 | 20379084 |
| live-cell coimaging of the genomic rnas and gag proteins of two lentiviruses. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) gag and genomic rna determinants required for encapsidation are well established, but where and when encapsidation occurs in the cell is unknown. we constructed ms2 phage coat protein labeling systems to track spatial dynamics of primate and nonprimate lentiviral genomic rnas (hiv-1 and feline immunodeficiency virus [fiv]) vis-à-vis their gag proteins in live cells. genomic rnas of both lentiviral genera were observed to traffic into the cytoplasm, and ... | 2010 | 20392841 |
| generation of infectious feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) encoding fiv/human immunodeficiency virus chimeric protease. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) proteases (prs) share only 23% amino acid identity and exhibit distinct specificities yet have very similar 3-dimensional structures. chimeric prs in which hiv residues were substituted in structurally equivalent positions in fiv pr were prepared in order to study the molecular basis of pr specificity. previous in vitro analyses showed that such substitutions dramatically altered the inhibitor specificity of muta ... | 2010 | 20410281 |
| the neuropathogenesis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection: barriers to overcome. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), like human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1, is a neurotropic lentivirus, and both natural and experimental infections are associated with neuropathology. fiv enters the brain early following experimental infection, most likely via the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers. the exact mechanism of entry, and the factors that influence this entry, are not fully understood. as fiv is a recognised model of hiv-1 infection, understanding such mechanisms ... | 2011 | 20418131 |
| modulation of the virus-receptor interaction by mutations in the v5 loop of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) following in vivo escape from neutralising antibody. | in the acute phase of infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), the virus targets activated cd4+ t cells by utilising cd134 (ox40) as a primary attachment receptor and cxcr4 as a co-receptor. the nature of the virus-receptor interaction varies between isolates; strains such as gl8 and cpgammer recognise a "complex" determinant on cd134 formed by cysteine-rich domains (crds) 1 and 2 of the molecule while strains such as ppr and b2542 require a more "simple" determinant comprising crd1 o ... | 2010 | 20420700 |
| vif of feline immunodeficiency virus from domestic cats protects against apobec3 restriction factors from many felids. | to get more insight into the role of apobec3 (a3) cytidine deaminases in the species-specific restriction of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) of the domestic cat, we tested the a3 proteins present in big cats (puma, lion, tiger, and lynx). these a3 proteins were analyzed for expression and sensitivity to the vif protein of fiv. while a3z3s and a3z2-z3s inhibited deltavif fiv, felid a3z2s did not show any antiviral activity against deltavif fiv or wild-type (wt) fiv. all felid a3z3s and a3z2-z ... | 2010 | 20444897 |
| knockdown of nbce1 in vivo compromises the corneal endothelial pump. | to evaluate the role of the sodium bicarbonate cotransporter (nbce1) as a component of the corneal endothelial pump in the in vivo rabbit eye. | 2010 | 20445126 |
| orfa downregulates feline immunodeficiency virus primary receptor cd134 on the host cell surface and is important in viral infection. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) orfa is an accessory protein that is critical for productive viral replication and infection in t cells. here, we show that orfa acts to markedly reduce cell surface expression of the fiv primary binding receptor. downregulation does not occur at the transcriptional or translational level in that the amounts of cd134 mrna and protein in total cell lysates are not altered between parental 104-c1 t cells and the same cell line stably expressing orfa (104-c1-orfa ... | 2010 | 20463078 |
| productive replication of vif-chimeric hiv-1 in feline cells. | nonprimate animal models of hiv-1 infection are prevented by missing cellular cofactors and by antiviral actions of species-specific host defense factors. these blocks are profound in rodents but may be less abundant in certain carnivora. here, we enabled productive, spreading replication and passage of hiv-1 in feline cells. feline fibroblasts, t-cell lines, and primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells supported early and late hiv-1 life cycle phases in a manner equivalent to that of human ce ... | 2010 | 20463079 |
| lentivirus-associated mapk/erk2 phosphorylates emd and regulates infectivity. | infection of a cell by lentiviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 or feline immunodeficiency virus, results in the formation of a reverse transcription complex, the pre-integration complex (pic), where viral dna is synthesized. in non-dividing cells, efficient nuclear translocation of the pic requires the presence of the inner nuclear lamina protein emerin (emd). here, we demonstrate that emd phosphorylation is induced early after infection in primary non-dividing cells. furthermo ... | 2010 | 20463147 |
| survey of infectious and parasitic diseases in stray cats at the lisbon metropolitan area, portugal. | a survey of infectious and parasitic diseases of stray cats was carried out using biological samples collected from animals captured during a catch-neuter-release programme in four counties of the lisbon metropolitan area. the main objective was to investigate the potential threat of stray cats for animal and public health. samples of blood, stool, hair and auricular swabs were collected from 231 cats in 27 colonies. anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies were detected in 47/194 samples (24.2%); anti ... | 2010 | 20466573 |
| in vivo depletion of cd4(+)cd25(hi) regulatory t cells is associated with improved antiviral responses in cats chronically infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. | regulatory t (treg) cells are activated and suppress immune responses during infection, and are characterized as cd4(+)cd25(hi)foxp3(+). ex vivo studies demonstrate that treg cells potentially suppress anti-hiv-1 t cell responses. lentivirus-induced cd4(+)cd25(hi) treg cells were first described in feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-infected cats. in the present study we demonstrate that anti-feline cd25 monoclonal antibody (mab) therapy depletes treg cells in fiv-infected cats for 4 weeks and ... | 2010 | 20471053 |
| immunodeficiencies caused by infectious diseases. | immunodeficiencies caused by infectious agents may result from disruption of normal host barriers or dysregulation of cellular immunity, the latter serving to promote survival of the infectious agent through immune evasion. such infections may be followed by opportunistic infections with a variety of other microorganisms. classic infectious causes of immunodeficiency in companion animals are the immunodeficiency retroviruses, including feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus. oth ... | 2010 | 20471525 |
| nasal swelling due to plasma cell infiltrate in a cat without plasma cell pododermatitis. | abstract a cat with an upper respiratory infection was presented for examination. close examination of the face revealed a firm, haired rounded swelling on the bridge of the nose. serum protein electrophoresis demonstrated a mild hypergammaglobulinaemia. the cat tested negative for feline immunodeficiency virus. skin biopsy of the nasal lesion revealed nodular angiocentric infiltrates in the deep dermis and subcutis. the mixed infiltrate had numerous plasma cells. presence of calicivirus antigen ... | 2010 | 20492629 |
| fine definition of the cxcr4-binding region on the v3 loop of feline immunodeficiency virus surface glycoprotein. | the chemokine receptor cxcr4 is shared by primary and laboratory-adapted strains of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) for viral entry. our previous studies implicated a contiguous nine-amino-acid region of the v3 loop of the fiv envelope surface as important in cxcr4 binding and virus entry. the binding is specific for cxcr4 since it can be inhibited by amd3100, a selective cxcr4 inhibitor. additional site-directed mutagenesis was used to further reveal the key residues. binding studies indica ... | 2010 | 20502526 |
| prior mucosal exposure to heterologous cells alters the pathogenesis of cell-associated mucosal feline immunodeficiency virus challenge. | several lines of research suggest that exposure to cellular material can alter the susceptibility to infection by hiv-1. because sexual contact often includes exposure to cellular material, we hypothesized that repeated mucosal exposure to heterologous cells would induce an immune response that would alter the susceptibility to mucosal infection. using the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) model of hiv-1 mucosal transmission, the cervicovaginal mucosa was exposed once weekly for 12 weeks to 5, ... | 2010 | 20507636 |
| naturally acquired feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection in cats from western canada: prevalence, disease associations, and survival analysis. | this retrospective study evaluated epidemiologic features and disease associations of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection in client owned cats from western canada. among 1205 cats that were tested 66 (5.5%) were positive for fiv antibody (fiv(+)) with a higher prevalence in males than females. fiv(+) cats were older than the overall population. epidemiologic features and disease associations were compared between 58 fiv(+), but feline leukemia virus negative (felv(-)) cats and 58 age a ... | 2010 | 20514250 |
| lentiviral vif degrades the apobec3z3/apobec3h protein of its mammalian host and is capable of cross-species activity. | all lentiviruses except equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) use the small accessory protein vif to counteract the restriction activity of the relevant apobec3 (a3) proteins of their host species. prior studies have suggested that the vif-a3 interaction is species specific. here, using the apobec3h (z3)-type proteins from five distinct mammals, we report that this is generally not the case: some lentiviral vif proteins are capable of triggering the degradation of both the a3z3-type protein of t ... | 2010 | 20519393 |
| potent lentiviral restriction by a synthetic feline trim5 cyclophilin a fusion. | a synthetic feline trim5-cyclophilin a fusion protein (fetrimcyp) was generated and transduced into feline cells. fetrimcyp was highly efficient at preventing infection with human (hiv) and feline (fiv) immunodeficiency virus pseudotypes, and fetrimcyp-expressing cells resisted productive infection with either fiv-fca or fiv-pco. the restriction of fiv infection by fetrimcyp was reversed by the cyclosporine (cs) derivatives nim811 and debio-025 but less so by cs itself. fetrimcyp and fiv infecti ... | 2010 | 20554781 |
| domain- and nucleotide-specific rev response element regulation of feline immunodeficiency virus production. | computational analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) rna sequences indicated that common fiv strains contain a rev response element (rre) defined by a long unbranched hairpin with 6 stem-loop sub-domains, termed stem-loop a (sla). to examine the role of the rna secondary structure of the rre, mutational analyses were performed in both an infectious fiv molecular clone and a fiv cat-rre reporter system. these studies disclosed that the stems within sla (sa1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) of the rre we ... | 2010 | 20570310 |
| neonatal gene therapy of glycogen storage disease type ia using a feline immunodeficiency virus-based vector. | glycogen storage disease type ia (gsd-ia), also known as von gierke disease, is caused by a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase-alpha (g6pase), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis. from birth, affected individuals cannot maintain normal blood glucose levels and suffer from a variety of metabolic disorders, leading to life-threatening complications. gene therapy has been proposed as a possible option for treatment of this illness. vectors have been constructed from feline immunodeficiency virus ( ... | 2010 | 20571544 |
| light whole genome sequence for snp discovery across domestic cat breeds. | the domestic cat has offered enormous genomic potential in the veterinary description of over 250 hereditary disease models as well as the occurrence of several deadly feline viruses (feline leukemia virus--felv, feline coronavirus--fecv, feline immunodeficiency virus--fiv) that are homologues to human scourges (cancer, sars, and aids respectively). however, to realize this bio-medical potential, a high density single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) map is required in order to accomplish disease a ... | 2010 | 20576142 |
| polymerase chain reaction survey of feline haemoplasma infections in greece. | the aim of this study was to use real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to determine the prevalence of three haemoplasma species in cats from greece and to evaluate possible associations between haemoplasma infection and age, gender, feline immunodeficiency virus/feline leukaemia virus (fiv/felv) status and packed cell volume (pcv). ninety-seven cats (24 ill anaemic, 55 ill non-anaemic, 18 healthy non-anaemic) were included in the study. twenty cats (20.6%) were haemoplasma positive; seven c ... | 2010 | 20580298 |
| methamphetamine and lentivirus interactions: reciprocal enhancement of central nervous system disease. | use of methamphetamine is increasingly a significant factor for the spread of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, for in certain populations, there is a convergence of methamphetamine abuse with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. methamphetamine and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 are both individually neuropathogenic, and the neuropathology caused by these two agents occurs in overlapping brain regions. however, the biological interaction of methamphetamine with lentiviruses re ... | 2010 | 20608774 |
| does a feline leukemia virus infection pave the way for bartonella henselae infection in cats? | domestic cats serve as the reservoir hosts of bartonella henselae and may develop mild clinical symptoms or none after experimental infection. in humans, b. henselae infection can result in self-limiting cat scratch disease. however, immunocompromised patients may suffer from more-severe courses of infection or may even develop the potentially lethal disease bacillary angiomatosis. it was reasoned that cats with immunocompromising viral infections may react similarly to b. henselae infection. th ... | 2010 | 20610682 |
| malignant lymphoma in african lions (panthera leo). | malignant lymphoma has become an increasingly recognized problem in african lions (panthera leo). eleven african lions (9 male and 2 female) with clinical signs and gross and microscopic lesions of malignant lymphoma were evaluated in this study. all animals were older adults, ranging in age from 14 to 19 years. immunohistochemically, 10 of the 11 lions had t-cell lymphomas (cd3(+), cd79a(-)), and 1 lion was diagnosed with a b-cell lymphoma (cd3(-), cd79a(+)). the spleen appeared to be the prima ... | 2010 | 20610770 |
| interferon-tau: current applications and potential in antiviral therapy. | interferon-tau (ifn-tau) was initially identified as an ovine pregnancy protein. produced by the trophoblast, it is important in preventing degradation of the corpus luteum and has been used as an early marker for ovine pregnancy. as a member of the family of type i interferons, ifn-tau has demonstrated promising antiviral activity against human viral infections in vitro. additionally, it displays high species cross-reactivity despite its absence in humans. to date, ifn-tau has shown efficacy in ... | 2010 | 20626290 |
| expression of regulatory t cell (treg) activation markers in endometrial tissues from early and late pregnancy in the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-infected cat. | regulatory t cells (tregs) support pregnancy maintenance by suppressing placental inflammation, while diminished treg function may accompany reproductive failure. experimental fiv infection frequently results in vertical transmission and increased pregnancy failure in the cat. the mechanism of reproductive compromise is unknown. we hypothesized that fiv infection alters endometrial treg population dynamics and function, potentiating vertical transmission and reproductive failure. rna collected f ... | 2010 | 20674972 |
| public awareness in new zealand of animal welfare legislation relating to cats. | to ascertain the levels of awareness of legislation governing the welfare of cats, and provision of basic care, including vaccination, by cat owners within two locations in new zealand. to assess the ability of respondents to differentiate between the terms 'stray' and 'feral'. | 2010 | 20676160 |
| an epidemiological survey of feline hemoplasma infection in japan. | hemoplasma (hemotropic mycoplasma) often causes hemolytic anemia in infected cats, especially those with immune suppression. an updated nationwide epidemiological survey of feline hemoplasmosis was conducted in japan. blood samples were collected from 1,770 outdoor-accessing cats from march to october 2008. the infections were molecularly detected by pcr analyses, which are able to distinguish mycoplasma haemofelis (mhf), `candidatus m. haemominutum' (cmhm), and `candidatus m. turicensis' (cmt) ... | 2010 | 20686353 |
| changes in expression of nmda-nr1 receptor subunits in the rostral ventromedial medulla modulate pain behaviors. | nmda receptors have an important role in pain facilitation in rostral ventromedial medulla (rvm) and the nr1 subunit is essential for its function. studies suggest that the nmda receptors in rvm are critical to modulate both cutaneous and muscle hypersensitivity induced by repeated intramuscular acid injections. we propose that increased expression of the nr1 subunit in the rvm is critical for the full development of hypersensitivity. to test this we used recombinant lentiviruses to over-express ... | 2010 | 20688433 |
| a detailed phylogenetic analysis of fiv in the united states. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a lentivirus associated with aids-like illnesses in cats and has been used as a model for the study of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). a feature of hiv and fiv infection is the continually increasing divergence among viral isolates between different individuals, as well as within the same individuals. | 2010 | 20711253 |
| feline models of viral pathogenesis: opportunity knocks. | | 2011 | 20716490 |
| optimal packaging of fiv genomic rna depends upon a conserved long-range interaction and a palindromic sequence within gag. | the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a lentivirus that is related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), causing a similar pathology in cats. it is a potential small animal model for aids and the fiv-based vectors are also being pursued for human gene therapy. previous studies have mapped the fiv packaging signal (ψ) to two or more discontinuous regions within the 5' 511 nt of the genomic rna and structural analyses have determined its secondary structure. the 5' and 3' sequences within ψ ... | 2010 | 20732330 |
| a serological and molecular study of leishmania infantum infection in cats from the island of ibiza (spain). | the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of leishmania infantum infection within a feline population by serologic and molecular methods and to identify associated risk factors. one hundred five cats living outdoors were studied. sera were tested for igg antibodies against l. infantum, toxoplasma gondii, and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and for the detection of feline leukemia virus (felv) p27 antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). l. infantum real-time polymeras ... | 2011 | 20804432 |
| bartonella species, feline herpesvirus-1, and toxoplasma gondii pcr assay results from blood and aqueous humor samples from 104 cats with naturally occurring endogenous uveitis. | toxoplasma gondii, bartonella henselae and feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) have been implicated as causative agents in feline uveitis. the usefulness of serum and aqueous humor (ah) antibody testing for these agents is limited as antibodies can be detected in both healthy cats and cats with uveitis. very few studies using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays to amplify organism dna from samples from cats with uveitis have been performed. in this study, assays to detect t gondii antibodies, feline ... | 2010 | 20817587 |
| cytokine dysregulation in early- and late-term placentas from feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-infected cats. | experimental infection of cats with fiv-b-2542 produces high rates of fetal infection and reproductive failure. we hypothesized that dysregulation of placental cytokine expression occurs in fiv-infected queens, and aberrant expression potentiates inflammation and impacts pregnancy outcome. our purpose was to quantify expression of representative pro-inflammatory cytokines (il-6, il-12p35, and il-1β), il-10 (anti-inflammatory), and the chemokine sdf-1α in early- and late-term placental tissues. | 2011 | 20825375 |
| reciprocal cross-packaging of primate lentiviral (hiv-1 and siv) rnas by heterologous non-lentiviral mpmv proteins. | retroviral rna packaging signal (ψ) allows the preferential packaging of genomic rna into virus particles through its interaction with the nucleocapsid protein. the specificity of this interaction came into question when it was shown that primate retroviruses, such as hiv-1, could cross-package rna from its simian cousin, siv, and vice versa and that feline retrovirus, fiv could cross-package rna from a distantly related primate retrovirus, mpmv. to study the generality of this phenomenon furthe ... | 2010 | 20875467 |
| symposium iii report: current status of veterinary vaccines. | the 13th annual meeting of the japanese society of vaccinology convened the symposium on current status of veterinary vaccines on september 27, 2009 in sapporo, japan. a broad overview of veterinary vaccines from the past to the present and future as well as the latest developments such as erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae for a platform vector for mucosa vaccine, inactivated avian influenza vaccine prepared from reassortant virus, and inactivated feline immunodeficiency ... | 2010 | 20888441 |
| a novel envelope mediated post entry restriction of murine leukaemia virus in human cells is ref1/trim5α independent. | 'intrinsic' resistance to retroviral infection was first recognised with the friend virus susceptibility gene (fv1), which determines susceptibility to murine leukaemia virus (mlv) infection in different murine species. similarly, the tripartite motif (trim) family of proteins determine lentiviral restriction in a primate host-species specific manner. for example rhesus trim5α (rhtrim5α) can potently restrict hiv-1 infection while human trim5α (hutrim5α) only has a mild effect on sivmac and hiv- ... | 2010 | 20929586 |
| efficient transduction of feline neural progenitor cells for delivery of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor using a feline immunodeficiency virus-based lentiviral construct. | work has shown that stem cell transplantation can rescue or replace neurons in models of retinal degenerative disease. neural progenitor cells (npcs) modified to overexpress neurotrophic factors are one means of providing sustained delivery of therapeutic gene products in vivo. to develop a nonrodent animal model of this therapeutic strategy, we previously derived npcs from the fetal cat brain (cnpcs). here we use bicistronic feline lentiviral vectors to transduce cnpcs with glial cell-derived n ... | 2010 | 20936061 |
| first molecular characterization of feline immunodeficiency virus in turkey. | in this study, strains of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), designated tr-d, tr-mo and tr-mi, isolated from three cats in turkey, were characterized. pcr products (859 bp) from the envelope (env) gene region were amplified and sequenced, and possible geographical differences in the env gene region of turkish fiv strains are discussed. phylogenetic analysis of two strains showed that fiv subtype b was present in turkey. phylogenetic analysis showed that one new turkish fiv strain occupies a se ... | 2010 | 20972598 |
| relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis. | despite its common occurrence, the aetiology of chronic gingivostomatitis in cats remains uncertain. aetiology is likely multifactorial, and several infectious agents may be associated with chronic gingivostomatitis. the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of feline calicivirus (fcv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), feline leukemia virus (felv), feline herpesvirus (fhv), and bartonella henselae (b. henselae) in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis and in an age-matched co ... | 2010 | 21038808 |
| comparative study of the plasma globulin level, cd21(-) b-cell counts and foxp3 mrna expression level in cd4(+) t-cells for different clinical stages of feline immunodeficiency virus infected cats. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection leads to hypergammaglobulinemia through mechanisms that remain poorly understood. we investigated changes in plasma globulin level, b cells, and t cells with progression of the clinical stage of fiv-infected cats. we classified fiv-infected cats into the stage of asymptomatic carrier (ac) and aids-related complex (arc) based on the clinical symptoms, and measured the plasma globulin level, the cd4(+) t-cell counts, and analyzed surface markers of b c ... | 2010 | 21074227 |
| cd4+cd25+ t regulatory cells from fiv+ cats induce a unique anergic profile in cd8+ lymphocyte targets. | using the fiv model, we reported previously that cd4+cd25+ t regulatory (treg) cells from fiv+ cats are constitutively activated and suppress cd4+cd25- and cd8+ t cell immune responses. in an effort to further explore treg-mediated suppression, we asked whether treg cells induce anergy through the alteration of production of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases and their inhibitors. | 2010 | 21092106 |
| adaptation of feline immunodeficiency virus subtype b strain tm2 to a feline astrocyte cell line (g355-5 cells). | based on receptor usage during infection, feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) isolates can be divided into two groups; those that require feline cd134 (fcd134) as a primary receptor in addition to cxcr4 to enter the cells, and those that require cxcr4 only. most primary isolates, including strain tm2, belong to the former group and cannot infect a feline astrocyte cell line (g355-5 cells) due to a lack of fcd134 expression. in a previous study, we found that g355-5 cells transduced with fcd134 ( ... | 2010 | 21168982 |
| spatial analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cougars. | the cougar (puma concolor) is a large predatory feline found widely in the americas that is susceptible to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), a fast-evolving lentivirus found in wild feline species that is analogous to simian immunodeficiency viruses in wild primates and belongs to the same family of viruses as human immunodeficiency virus. fiv infection in cougars can lead to a weakened immune system that creates opportunities for other infecting agents. fiv prevalence and lineages have been ... | 2010 | 21197421 |
| isolation and genotyping of toxoplasma gondii causing fatal systemic toxoplasmosis in an immunocompetent 10-year-old cat. | a 10-year-old male, neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented with fever, anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea. serologic testing for feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus were negative. fine-needle aspirates of mesenteric lymph nodes revealed the presence of banana-shaped apicomplexan parasites. the cat died after 4 days of hospitalization. postmortem polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis confirmed the presence of toxoplasma gondii in all examined organs. parasites were ex ... | 2011 | 21217037 |
| contribution to safety of immunoglobulin and albumin from virus partitioning and inactivation by cold ethanol fractionation: a data collection from plasma protein therapeutics association member companies. | virus removal by partitioning into different fractions during cold ethanol fractionation has been described by several authors, demonstrating that cold ethanol fractionation can provide significant contribution to virus removal, even in those cases where virus removal is limited and must be supported by additional measures for virus inactivation during further processing. | 2011 | 21251002 |
| prevalence of infectious diseases in cats and dogs rescued following hurricane katrina. | to determine the prevalence of infectious diseases of animal and zoonotic importance in cats and dogs rescued and transferred from the gulf coast region following hurricane katrina. | 2011 | 21281213 |
| phylogenetic characterisation of naturally occurring feline immunodeficiency virus in the united kingdom. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a significant pathogen of domestic and non-domestic felids worldwide. in domestic cats, fiv is classified into five distinct subtypes (a-e) with subtypes a and b distributed most widely. however, little is known about the degree of intrasubtype viral diversity and this may prove critical in determining whether monovalent vaccines are likely to protect against fiv strains within a single subtype. here, we characterise novel env sequences from 47 fiv strains ... | 2011 | 21349661 |
| partial regulatory t cell depletion prior to acute feline immunodeficiency virus infection does not alter disease pathogenesis. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection in cats follows a disease course similar to hiv-1, including a short acute phase characterized by high viremia, and a prolonged asymptomatic phase characterized by low viremia and generalized immune dysfunction. cd4(+)cd25(hi)foxp3(+) immunosuppressive regulatory t (treg) cells have been implicated as a possible cause of immune dysfunction during fiv and hiv-1 infection, as they are capable of modulating virus-specific and inflammatory immune respons ... | 2011 | 21364928 |
| sensitivity and specificity of a nested polymerase chain reaction for detection of lentivirus infection in lions (panthera leo). | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a lentivirus in the retroviridae family that causes lifelong infection in domestic cats. the lentivirus of african lions (panthera leo), referred to as fivple, is endemic in certain lion populations in eastern and southern africa. lentivirus infection leads to immunologic dysfunction and immunosuppressive disease in domestic cats; however, little is known about the pathogenic effects of infection in lions, nor about the epidemiologic impact on free-ranging ... | 2010 | 21370640 |
| inflammation and epithelial cell injury in aids enteropathy: involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress. | immunosuppressive lentivirus infections, including human, simian, and feline immunodeficiency viruses (hiv, siv, and fiv, respectively), cause the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), frequently associated with aids enteropathy. herein, we investigated the extent to which lentivirus infections affected mucosal integrity and intestinal permeability in conjunction with immune responses and activation of endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress pathways. duodenal biopsies from individuals with hiv/a ... | 2011 | 21427211 |
| the base excision repair pathway is required for efficient lentivirus integration. | an sirna screen has identified several proteins throughout the base excision repair (ber) pathway of oxidative dna damage as important for efficient hiv infection. the proteins identified included early repair factors such as the base damage recognition glycosylases ogg1 and myh and the late repair factor polß, implicating the entire ber pathway. murine cells with deletions of the genes ogg1, myh, neil1 and polß recapitulate the defect of hiv infection in the absence of ber. defective infection ... | 2011 | 21448280 |
| fozivudine tidoxil as single-agent therapy decreases plasma and cell-associated viremia during acute feline immunodeficiency virus infection. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a lentivirus that infects domestic and wild felidae and the course of disease is similar to that of human immunodeficiency virus infection. the thymidine nucleoside analog fozivudine (fzd) tidoxil is a lipid-zidovudine (zdv) conjugate and member of the family of nucleoside reverse transcriptase (rt) inhibitors (nrtis). | 2011 | 21457319 |
| altering α-dystroglycan receptor affinity of lcmv pseudotyped lentivirus yields unique cell and tissue tropism. | abstract: | 2011 | 21477292 |
| induction of feline immunodeficiency virus from a chronically infected feline t-lymphocyte cell line. | the infection of the feline t-lymphocyte cell line fet-j with the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) petaluma strain led to the establishment of nonvirus-producing cells. one clone (c15) obtained by limiting dilution was found to express fiv in response to chemical inducers of retroviruses. the chemical treatment of c15 cells led to not only fiv protein synthesis but also an augmentation of viral production. examination of the c15 cell derivatives obtained by recloning revealed that 10-40% of t ... | 2011 | 21477828 |
| feline tetherin efficiently restricts release of feline immunodeficiency virus but not spreading of infection. | domestic cats endure infections by all three subfamilies of the retroviridae: lentiviruses (feline immunodeficiency virus [fiv]), gammaretroviruses (feline leukemia virus [felv]), and spumaretroviruses (feline foamy virus [ffv]). thus, cats present an insight into the evolution of the host-retrovirus relationship and the development of intrinsic/innate immune mechanisms. tetherin (bst-2) is an interferon-inducible transmembrane protein that inhibits the release of enveloped viruses from infected ... | 2011 | 21490095 |
| assessment of feline blood for transfusion purposes in the dublin area of ireland. | the prevalence of a, b and ab blood types and of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukaemia virus (felv) infection was determined in cats in ireland, in order to determine risk factors for blood taken for transfusion purposes. edta blood samples were available from 137 non-pedigree cats and 39 pedigree cats (91 females and 85 males, aged four months to 15.0 years) in the dublin area of ireland. of the 176 edta blood samples obtained, 112 (from 92 healthy cats and 20 sick cats) were ... | 2011 | 21498236 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and concurrent bartonella spp., feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, and dirofilaria immitis infections in egyptian cats. | abstract toxoplasma gondii and bartonella spp. are zoonotic pathogens of cats. feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukemia virus (felv) are related to human immunodeficiency virus and human leukemia virus, respectively, and these viruses are immunosuppressive. in the present study, the prevalence of antibodies to t. gondii , bartonella spp., fiv, as well as felv and dirofilaria immitis antigens was determined in sera from feral cats ( felis catus ) from cairo, egypt. using a modified ... | 2011 | 21506874 |
| first description of naturally acquired tritrichomonas foetus infection in a persian cattery in spain. | tritrichomonas foetus has been identified as the causative agent of feline intestinal trichomonosis, characterized by clinical signs of chronic large bowel diarrhoea. this disease has been reported in cats from the usa, europe and australia. however, its epidemiology is still unclear. the aim of the present study was to describe t. foetus infection in a persian cattery in spain. t. foetus infection was sequentially diagnosed in 20 cats by direct faecal smear examined under the microscope, specif ... | 2011 | 21509446 |
| identification of amino acid residues important for heparan sulfate proteoglycan (hspg) interaction within variable region 3 of the feline immunodeficiency virus surface glycoprotein. | heparan sulfate proteoglycans (hspg) act as binding receptors or attachment factors for the viral envelope of many viruses, including strains of hiv and fiv. the fiv gp95 glycoprotein (su) from laboratory-adapted strains (tca) such as fiv-34tf10 can bind to hspg, whereas su from field strains (fs) such as fiv-ppr cannot. previous studies indicate that su/hspg interactions occur within the v3 loop. we utilized a series of nested v3 peptides to further map the hspg binding sites and found that bot ... | 2011 | 21543468 |
| shape analysis of the fiv leader rna reveals a structural switch potentially controlling viral packaging and genome dimerization. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infects many species of cat, and is related to hiv, causing a similar pathology. high-throughput selective 2' hydroxyl acylation analysed by primer extension (shape), a technique that allows structural interrogation at each nucleotide, was used to map the secondary structure of the fiv packaging signal rna. previous studies of this rna showed four conserved stem-loops, extensive long-range interactions (lris) and a small, palindromic stem-loop (sl5) within the ... | 2011 | 21546549 |
| serological detection of viral infections in captive wild cats from costa rica. | serum samples from a total of 44 wildcats, 28 margays (leopardus wiedii), 10 ocelots (leopardus pardalis), four jaguaroundis (herpailurus yaguaroundi), one oncilla (leopardus tigrina), and one jaguar (panthera onca) were obtained between january 2001 and august 2002 from the profelis centre for rehabilitation of wild felids, located in the northwestern region of costa rica. forty three samples were tested for antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and p27 antigen of feline leukem ... | 2011 | 21547230 |