| evaluation of corynebacterium granulosum derived p40 fraction effects on macrophage anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 functions. | | 1985 | 2417550 |
| metabolism and mode of action of (r)-9-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)guanine in herpes simplex virus-infected vero cells. | the metabolism and mode of action of the anti-herpes compound buciclovir [r)-9-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-guanine, bcv) has been studied in herpes simplex virus-infected and uninfected vero cells. in uninfected cells, a low and constant concentration of intracellular bcv was found, while in herpes simplex virus-infected cells, an increasing concentration of bcv phosphates was found due to metabolic trapping. the major phosphorylation product was bcv triphosphate (bcvtp) which was 92% of the total amou ... | 1986 | 2418021 |
| induction of neutralizing antibody against varicella-zoster virus (vzv) by vzv gp3 and cross-reactivity between vzv gp3 and herpes simplex viruses gb. | glycoprotein gp3 (64k) is one of the major proteins specified by varicella-zoster virus (vzv). this glycoprotein was purified on an immunoadsorbent consisting of monoclonal antibody (clone 8) against gp3 linked to protein a-sepharose. rabbits were then immunized with the purified antigen to obtain monospecific antisera against gp3. the monospecific antisera and monoclonal antibody immunoprecipitated polypeptides with the same molecular weights of approximately 64,000 (64k), 106k, and 116k from a ... | 1986 | 2418583 |
| inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication in fibroblast cultures by human blood mononuclear cells. | an assay was developed to test the effect of human blood mononuclear cells (mncs) on herpes simplex virus (hsv) replication. in this assay, human fibroblast monolayers were inoculated with hsv and then cultured with or without blood mncs. fewer hsv-infected cells were recovered from human fibroblasts cultured in the presence than in the absence of blood mncs. this inhibition of viral replication by mncs was independent of hla matching between the mncs and fibroblasts and persisted even when t ce ... | 1986 | 2419591 |
| examination of oral cancer tissue for the presence of the proteins icp 4, icp 5, icp 6, icp 8, and gb of herpes simplex virus type 1. | although patients with oral cancer have increased levels of antibody to herpes simplex virus type 1, the origin of the antigenic stimulation remains unknown. we have therefore looked for proteins of herpes simplex in oral squamous cell carcinomas by staining frozen sections with monoclonal antibodies to the proteins icp 4, icp 5, icp 6, icp 8, and gb. no staining was seen of the tumor cells of any of 11 oral cancer cases or of the epithelium of 29 other oral lesions, which included cases of leuk ... | 1986 | 2419620 |
| appearance of host-specific nucleolar proteins in intranuclear "dense bodies" following herpes simplex infection. | nucleolar modifications induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) infection were studied at the ultrastructural level with special attention to the fate of a family of proteins serologically related to the nucleolar 100 kda protein. immunocytochemical techniques revealed that antigenic sites related to these proteins were associated with nucleoli in a pattern similar to that observed with non-infected cells. in addition, the "dense bodies" induced by hsv infection were heavily decorated by a ... | 1986 | 2420595 |
| enhanced lysis of herpes simplex virus type 1-infected mouse cell lines by nc and nk effectors. | spontaneously cytotoxic murine lymphocytes lysed certain cell types infected by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) better than uninfected cells. the levels of virus-directed lysis varied widely from target to target, and we found that differences in virus-directed lytic efficiency could be attributed both to the characteristics of hsv-1 replication in the different targets and to the subgroup of natural effector cells which mediated lysis. although hsv-1 adsorbed to the surface of all the targe ... | 1986 | 2420891 |
| the role of natural killer cells and interferon in resistance to acute infection of mice with herpes simplex virus type 1. | the relative roles of interferon (ifn) and natural killer (nk) cells in herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection of mice were examined. adoptive transfer of adult mouse leukocytes into 4- to 6-day-old suckling mice protected the recipients from hsv-1 infection, as judged by viral titers in the spleen 2 days postinfection. protection was mediated by several classes of leukocytes, including those depleted of nk cell activity by antibody to asialo gm1 and those depleted of macrophages by size ... | 1986 | 2420892 |
| synthesis of herpes simplex virus proteins and nucleic acids in interferon-treated macrophages. | mouse macrophages grown from spleen cells were found to be very sensitive to the interferon (ifn) activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). therefore we have used these cells to investigate the level at which ifn blocks the replication of hsv-1. ifn treatment resulted in a strong inhibition of the induction of hsv dna polymerase and other beta proteins. rna hybridization experiments revealed that the amount of mrna for the beta protein thymidine kinase was strongly reduced in ifn tre ... | 1986 | 2421481 |
| [action of interferons on the reproduction of herpes simplex viruses in in vitro experiments]. | tests of various interferon preparations (alpha, alpha2, alpha-beta, beta, and swine leukocyte) in human diploid fibroblast culture for the presence or absence of cytopathic effect of herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) demonstrated antiviral effect of all interferons with the exception of lymphoblastoid one. preparations of alpha and swine leukocyte interferons were the most effective for inhibition of hsv-1 reproduction. recombinant interferon was 10-fold and fibroblast inter ... | 1986 | 2421486 |
| human antibody response to herpes simplex virus-specific polypeptides after primary and recurrent infection. | human antibody responses to specific polypeptides of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2, respectively) were assessed in serial serum specimens from 18 infected patients by immunoblot technology. nine patients had hsv-1 infections (six genital and three oral) and nine had hsv-2 genital infections. antibodies to homologous and heterologous hsv antigens were studied and correlated with total microneutralization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibodies as well as correlated ... | 1986 | 2422204 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus proteins in cultured cells by monoclonal antibodies and the avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase complex method. | the distribution of 5 proteins of herpes simplex virus type 1 was observed in cells that had been infected for various periods. the cells were stained with monoclonal antibodies to icp4, icp5, icp6, icp8, and gb, using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (abc) method. each protein had a characteristic pattern of time of appearance and translocation by which it could be distinguished from the others. the sensitivity of the abc technique, its ease of use, and the permanence of the preparations ma ... | 1986 | 2422335 |
| interferon structural genes do not participate in quantitative regulation of interferon production by if loci as shown in c57bl/6 mice that are congenic with balb/c mice at the alpha interferon gene cluster. | previous studies have shown that serum interferon (ifn) production in mice is quantitatively influenced by if loci, whose alleles determine high or low production. although different loci influence ifn production in response to different inducers, such as newcastle disease virus, sendai virus, herpes simplex virus type 1, and polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid, balb/c mice are in every instance low producers. it was therefore possible that, in addition to if loci, some feature of the balb/c ... | 1986 | 2422400 |
| human cytotoxic t cell clones directed against herpes simplex virus-infected cells. iv. recognition and activation by cloned glycoproteins gb and gd. | results of studies in mice and clinical observations in man indicate that t cell-mediated immunity is important in resistance to herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections. this study was undertaken to elucidate the viral antigen specificity of human hsv-immune t cells. purified hsv-1 glycoproteins gb-1 and gd-1, cloned and expressed in mammalian cells, were found to stimulate proliferation of, and interleukin 2 (il 2) production by, peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) of hsv seropositive individuals, ... | 1986 | 2423598 |
| antigenic variation (mar mutations) in herpes simplex virus glycoprotein b can induce temperature-dependent alterations in gb processing and virus production. | monoclonal antibody-resistant (mar) mutants altered in the antigenic structure of glycoprotein b (gb) of herpes simplex virus type 1, strain kos-321, were selected by neutralization with each of six independently derived gb-specific monoclonal antibodies. analysis of the reactivity patterns of these mar mutants with a panel of 16 virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies identified at least five nonoverlapping epitopes on this antigen, designated groups i through v. multiple mar mutations were al ... | 1986 | 2423702 |
| effects of 2,2'-o-cyclocytidine and acyclovir on latent herpes simplex virus in trigeminal ganglia of mice. | the effects of 2,2'-o-cyclocytidine (cc) and acyclovir (acv) on latent herpes simplex virus (hsv) in trigeminal ganglia were studied in an in vitro model using reactivation of hsv type 1 (hsv-1) as a model. it was shown that both cc (10 micrograms/ml) and acv (2.5 micrograms/ml) significantly inhibited the reactivation of the latent hsv-1 in infected ganglia. the effect of cc (25 micrograms/ml), which was as good as that of acv (10 micrograms/ml), did not last as long as that of acv after remova ... | 1986 | 2424367 |
| 1h-nmr assignment and secondary structure of a herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d-1 antigenic domain. | the peptide alpha ahx-met-ala-asp-pro-asn-arg-phe-arg-gly-lys-asp-leu-pro-val-leu- asp-gln-leu-thr-asp-pro-pro-alpha ahx (epsilon ahx = 6-aminohexanoyl), the antigenic sequence 11-32 from herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d-1, has been synthesised. its 1h-nmr spectrum has been assigned by a combination of two-dimensional techniques in h2o and 2h2o. its secondary structure has been defined by nuclear overhauser effects and amide proton exchange rates, and also to some extent chemical shifts, coup ... | 1986 | 2426110 |
| secondary structure of a herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d antigenic domain. | the peptide 6-amino caproyl-pro-ser-leu-lys-met-ala-asp-pro-asn-arg-phe-arg-gly-lys-asp-leu- pro-6- amino caproate has been synthesized and its secondary structure has been investigated by 1h n.m.r. at 400 mhz. resonances were assigned from 2d noesy and cosy spectra, and the secondary structure was determined using noes, three-bond coupling constants, and exchange rates of amide protons. the peptide has two tight turns centered on the pro-asn and arg-gly pairs. the relationship between the secon ... | 1986 | 2426211 |
| antiviral effect of two aryl-oligopeptides, fr41565 and fr48217. | macrophages from mice pretreated with two chemically synthesized immunostimulating aryl-oligopeptides, fr41565 and fr48217, inhibited the multiplication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) in monkey vero cells, and that of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) in murine l929 cells. in addition, the aryl-oligopeptides protected mice against a lethal hsv-1 infection. in particular, when treated with fr48217 at 6 mg/kg, all mice survived, whereas all control mice died from the hsv- ... | 1986 | 2427022 |
| neuritic transport of herpes simplex virus in rat sensory neurons in vitro. effects of substances interacting with microtubular function and axonal flow [nocodazole, taxol and erythro-9-3-(2-hydroxynonyl)adenine]. | herpes simplex virus type 1 and a fluorescein-labelled lectin (wheat germ agglutinin) were selectively transported to nerve cell bodies located in the inner compartment of a two-chamber tissue culture system after the application of virus or lectin to the neuritic processes in the outer culture compartment. taxol, which stabilizes and alters intracellular arrangements of microtubules, and nocodazole, which disrupts microtubules, both inhibited this retrograde axonal transport of viral particles ... | 1986 | 2427647 |
| localization of discontinuous epitopes of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d: use of a nondenaturing ("native" gel) system of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis coupled with western blotting. | previously, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mcab) was used to define specific epitopes of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d (gd) (r. j. eisenberg et al., j. virol. 53:634-644, 1985). three groups of antibodies recognized continuous epitopes; group vii reacted with residues 11 to 19 of the mature protein (residues 36 to 44 of the predicted sequence), group ii reacted with residues 272 to 279, and group v reacted with residues 340 to 356. four additional antibody groups recognized discontinuou ... | 1986 | 2427745 |
| clonal analysis of t cell responses to herpes simplex virus: a hsv-specific, non cytolytic t cell clone displays specific helper activity for t cell response in vitro. | a hsv-specific, lyt 1+2- t cell clone (d7.1) was established by repetitive in vitro restimulation of in vivo hsv-1 primed draining lymph node cells with uv-inactivated homologous virus. earlier work had shown that this clone could provide specific helper activity for hsv-1 primed b cells for antibody production in vivo. in this paper, further functional analysis has demonstrated that this clone and its subclones could also help unprimed t cells in the generation of effector dth t cells in vitro. ... | 1986 | 2428742 |
| neutralization of herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase activity by an oligopeptide-induced antiserum directed against subunit h2. | herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleotide reductase is associated with two polypeptides of apparent molecular weights 136,000 and 38,000. the two polypeptides form a tight complex and, therefore, are often coprecipitated by monoclonal antibodies. we report here that immunoglobulins g purified from polyclonal rabbit antisera (p9) raised against a nonapeptide corresponding to the carboxy terminus of the 38,000-dalton polypeptide specifically neutralize the herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide redu ... | 1986 | 2431161 |
| high cytotoxic activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 infected targets found in murine peritoneum. | unelicited murine peritoneal cells (pc) were found to efficiently lyse the natural cytotoxic (nc) cell target, wehi-164, as well as herpes simplex virus-type 1 (hsv-1)-infected wehi-164 and 3t3 cells but not the natural killer (nk) target, yac-1. lysis by pc of hsv-1-infected wehi-164 and 3t3 cells required longer culture times than splenic cell lysis of yac-1 cells. the pcs which lysed these targets were found to be slightly adherent to nylon wool but non-phagocytic, and were not augmented by p ... | 1986 | 2432414 |
| trans-activation of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat sequence by dna viruses. | to investigate whether dna viruses can augment gene expression of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), cotransfection experiments were carried out in which a recombinant plasmid containing the hiv long terminal repeat (ltr) linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene was transfected into cultured cells along with plasmids containing dna from various distinct classes of dna viruses. molecular clones containing jc virus, bk virus, lymphotropic papovavirus, bovine papilloma virus, ... | 1986 | 2432602 |
| enhancement of host resistance against virus infections by mtp-pe, a synthetic lipophilic muramyl peptide--i. increased survival in mice and guinea pigs after single drug administration prior to infection, and the effect of mtp-pe on interferon levels in sera and lungs. | muramyl tripeptide-phosphatidylethanolamine (mtp-pe, cgp 19835) displays prophylactic antiviral activity in mice infected with influenza viruses a and b, parainfluenza 1 virus or herpes simplex type 1 viruses (hsv/1) and in guinea pigs infected with herpes simplex type 2 viruses (hsv/2). mtp-pe is effective when given in a single intranasal dose as early as 1-4 weeks before infection. in the case of hsv/2 infections, prophylactic effectiveness can be demonstrated after a single topical applicati ... | 1986 | 2433236 |
| demonstration and mapping of highly carbohydrate-dependent epitopes in the herpes simplex virus type 1-specified glycoprotein c. | the carbohydrate dependence of epitopes in the herpes simplex virus type 1-specified glycoprotein c (gc) was studied using a new solid-phase assay procedure. glycoprotein c, coated on 96-well microtitre plates, was treated with sialidase and increasing concentrations of periodate. a sequential removal of peripheral monosaccharides from the oligosaccharides of gc was ascertained by an enzyme-linked lectin assay. by using a panel of gc-specific monoclonal antibodies in elisa, it was found that gc ... | 1987 | 2434609 |
| herpes simplex virus-induced changes of the keratin type intermediate filament in rat epithelial cells. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection of human fibroblast cells grown in culture induces reorganization of the cytoskeleton fibrillar structures. normal transport and insertion of hsv glycoproteins into the plasma membrane of the cells depend on the integrity of the microtubules. the natural host cells for hsv are epithelial cells, and an epithelial cell line established from rat palate was used in the present study. the effect of virus on the structure of the intermediate filaments and ... | 1987 | 2434610 |
| interferon production in inbred mice during herpetic eye disease. | low levels (less than 5 units/eye) of interferon (ifn) were detected in the eyes of balb/c and c57bl/6 mice one to five days after instillation of 10(7) pfu/eye of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv) onto scarified corneas. this dose of virus produced herpetic keratitis characterized by dendritic epithelial lesions one day post infection in both strains of mice. the disease progressed to severe necrotizing stromal keratitis in the eyes of all balb/c mice, but only three of 10 eyes of c57bl/6 mice ... | 1987 | 2435457 |
| use of recombinant interferon in hsv-1 recurrence in the rabbit. | the use of recombinant human interferon alpha subtype d (rifn alpha d) was effective in reducing shedding of herpes simplex virus type-1 induced by iontophoresis of 6-hydroxydopamine and epinephrine. a post stimulation treatment schedule of rifn alpha d, one drop four times a day was as effective as pretreatment, using the same dose regimen. the levels of interferon (ifn) present in the assay system are not sufficient to produce an antiviral effect. the levels of ifn required to suppress cell gr ... | 1987 | 2435458 |
| nucleotide sequence of the most abundantly transcribed early gene of human cytomegalovirus strain ad169. | cytoplasmic poly(a+)rna was isolated from human embryo fibroblast cells during the early phase of an infection with human cytomegalovirus strain ad169. these preparations contained a single abundant transcript of 2.7 kb which was derived from each of the repeat sequences flanking the long unique region of the virus genome. the gene was unspliced and poly(a+)rna derived from it continued to accumulate in the cytoplasm of cells during the later stages of infection. this gene and the surrounding re ... | 1987 | 2436392 |
| hybridization between a repeated region of herpes simplex virus type 1 dna containing the sequence [ggc]n and heterodisperse cellular dna and rna. | a small dna fragment containing the simple sequence [ggc]10 from the long repeat of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna hybridized to cellular dna and polyadenylated rna from different mammalian species. the number and intensity of blot hybridization signals were increased in human compared with rodent and simian nucleic acids. the hybridization was blocked specifically by human 28s ribosomal dna, which shares only the ggc repeats with the herpes simplex virus dna. these data indicate that g ... | 1987 | 2436393 |
| synthesis of mitochondrial macromolecules in herpes simplex type 1 virus infected vero cells. | how viral infections affect host cell mitochondrial functions is largely unknown. in this study, uptake of radiolabeled precursors was used to assess how a herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv 1) infection influences synthesis of macromolecules comprising vero cell mitochondria. total macromolecular synthesis in infected cells was determined for comparative purposes. mitochondrial and total cellular dna syntheses were approximately halved at 1-2.5 h postinfection (pi). mitochondrial dna synthesis in ... | 1986 | 2436639 |
| immune responses to herpes simplex virus in patients with recurrent herpes labialis: i. development of cell-mediated cytotoxic responses. | groups of subjects during acute (0-3 days) and convalescent (2-3 weeks) phase of recurrent herpes labialis (rhl), and other subjects seropositive or seronegative for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) antibody without any history of rhl, were tested for the appearance of cell-mediated cytotoxic responses by stimulating peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) in vitro with ultraviolet-inactivated hsv-1 antigen, using the release of radiolabelled chromium (51cr) from hsv-1-infected autologous, or allog ... | 1986 | 2436840 |
| a cultured human oligodendroglioma cell line and herpes simplex virus-infected cells share antigenic determinants. | cell cultures derived from 60 different human brain tumors were screened for the presence of hsv infected cell antigens by indirect immunofluorescence using a polyclonal rabbit antiserum reacting with herpes simplex virus (hsv), 3 monoclonal antibodies recognising different hsv-specified proteins, and one monoclonal antibody t181 reacting with a dna binding protein present in hsv-infected cells. only one tumor (in/157), derived from an oligodendroglioma, stained with the polyclonal antiserum. t1 ... | 1987 | 2437255 |
| mechanism of differences in pathogenicity between two variants of a laboratory strain of herpes simplex virus type 1. | the mechanisms responsible for the difference in neurovirulence to inbred mice between two variants of the miyama strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) were studied. after intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation, the +gc (lpv) variant reached the spinal cord and the brain, and caused death. conversely, the -gcr variant lacked the ability to gain access to the central nervous system (cns) after the same route of infection and failed to kill susceptible mice. the initial virus growth after i.p. ... | 1986 | 2437431 |
| hsv-1-infected oral epithelial cells are targets for natural killer cells. | a mechanism of cell-mediated immunity was investigated to determine whether natural killer (nk) cells were able to lyse antigenically-altered epithelial cell targets. using standard four-hour chromium-release assays, we tested human peripheral blood lymphocytes against autologous untreated epithelial cells and autologous hsv-1-infected epithelial cells and calculated the percentage of lysis. with adherent cell-depleted peripheral blood, only epithelial cells infected with virus were lysed (p = 0 ... | 1987 | 2440924 |
| generation of competent virus in the rev helper cell line c3. | we have studied the generation of replication-competent virus in cultures of the helper cell line c3, which harbors a packaging-defective provirus derived from reticuloendotheliosis virus. we transfected the c3 line with a defective provirus encoding the chicken growth hormone gene and carrying the hsv-1 tk gene. the appearance of competent virus was assayed by infection of spafas c/e cef, monitoring reverse transcriptase activity, and rescue of the tktu assayed on brltk- cells. our results indi ... | 1987 | 2441523 |
| conserved antigenic and functional domains on glycoprotein b of herpes simplex virus 1 and bovine herpesvirus 2. brief report. | a panel of monoclonal antibodies to glycoprotein b (gb) of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) reacted in immune precipitation and in immunofluorescence tests with a glycoprotein 130,000 in apparent molecular weight specified by bovine herpesvirus 2 (bhv-2). two cross reactive antibodies neutralized the heterologous virus. these results suggest that the bhv-2 glycoprotein is the homologue of hsv-1 gb and shares structural and functional domains expressed on the gb gene product. | 1987 | 2444195 |
| neutralizing monoclonal antibodies specific for herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d inhibit virus penetration. | nine monoclonal antibodies specific for glycoprotein d (gd) of herpes simplex virus type 1 were selected for their ability to neutralize virus in the presence of complement. four of these antibodies exhibited significant neutralization titers in the absence of complement, suggesting that their epitope specificities are localized to site(s) which contribute to the role of gd in virus infectivity. each of these antibodies was shown to effectively neutralize virus after virion adsorption to cell su ... | 1987 | 2444713 |
| structural properties and reactivity of n-terminal synthetic peptides of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d by using antipeptide antibodies and group vii monoclonal antibodies. | to investigate the contribution of individual amino acids to the antigenicity of the n-terminal region of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d, a series of 14 overlapping synthetic peptides within residues 1 to 30 were examined for their reactivity with monoclonal antibody lp14 (a group vii monoclonal antibody; in herpes simplex virus mutants resistant to lp14, arginine 16 is substituted by histidine) and two antipeptide antisera (antipeptide 9-21 and antipeptide 1-23). maximal binding was ... | 1987 | 2444718 |
| retrograde transneuronal transfer of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv 1) from motoneurones. | the use of herpes simplex virus (hsv) as a retrograde transneuronal tracer would have the unique advantage that the virus would be replicated in the second order neurones, resulting in strong labelling. hsv was injected in the xii nerve (mice). the virus was detected immunohistochemically. four stages in the brainstem distribution of hsv-positive neurones were distinguished. these stages were correlated with injected amounts/survival time. in stage 1, positive neurones were restricted to the xii ... | 1987 | 2445438 |
| activation of the human immunodeficiency virus by herpes simplex virus type 1. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and some of its immediate-early genes stimulate expression of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) long terminal repeat (ltr) sequences and the replication of hiv itself. to demonstrate this, the hiv ltr was linked to the indicator gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) and transfected into vero cells with or without the trans-activating gene (tat) of hiv. infection of these cells with hsv-1 strain kos or temperature-sensitive mutant tsb21 or tse6 resu ... | 1987 | 2446005 |
| mapping of functional and antigenic domains of the alpha 4 protein of herpes simplex virus 1. | monoclonal antibodies to alpha 4, the major regulatory protein of herpes simplex virus 1, have been shown to differ in their effects on the binding of the protein to its dna-binding site in the promoter-regulatory domain of an alpha gene. to map the epitopes, we expressed truncated genes in transient expression systems. all 10 monoclonal antibodies tested reacted with the n-terminal 288-amino-acid polypeptide. to map the epitopes more precisely, 29 15-mer oligopeptides, overlapping by five amino ... | 1988 | 2447289 |
| comparison of antigen assay and reverse transcriptase assay for detecting human immunodeficiency virus in culture. | we compared an antigen capture assay (abbott laboratories, north chicago, ill.) with a reverse transcriptase assay to identify and quantify human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in culture. in direct comparisons of serial dilutions of lymphadenopathy-associated virus type 1, the antigen assay was 100-fold more sensitive than the reverse transcriptase assay in detecting the virus. the antigen assay reacted strongly with 60 different hiv isolates but did not cross-react with human t-cell lymphotropic ... | 1987 | 2448334 |
| nature and antigen-specific activities of transfer factor against herpes simplex virus type 1. | transfer factor specific for herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 (tfhsv-1) was prepared from splenic cells of hsv-1 immunized mice. protection was transferred with tfhsv-1 to nonimmune mouse recipients. the tfhsv-1 injected mice had a higher survival rate after lethal hsv-1 challenge as compared to mice injected with a nonspecific transfer factor (p less than 0.05). 51cr-labelled leukocyte adherence inhibition (51-cr-lai) test was used to demonstrate the specific activity of transfer factor in vit ... | 1987 | 2449810 |
| the effect of 5'-amino-5'-deoxythymidine on the pattern of polyadenylation of herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleic acid. | treatment of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infected vero cells with 5'-amino-5'-deoxythymidine (adthd) causes a 65% reduction in the amount of total viral rna present at late times of infection. this decrease is apparent as early as 6 hours post infection, affecting the levels of viral cytoplasmic polyadenylated (poly(a+] species to a greater extent than non-polyadenylated (poly(a-] rna. cytoplasmic viral poly(a+) rna is present in adthd-treated cultures at only 10% control poly(a+) levels ... | 1988 | 2451365 |
| rna complementary to herpes simplex virus type 1 icp0 gene demonstrated in neurons of human trigeminal ganglia. | recent studies with mice have demonstrated abundant rna transcripts which are complementary (antisense) to the herpes alpha gene icp0 in latently infected ganglia. we investigated the situation in unselected human trigeminal ganglia. strand-specific 2.7-kilobase herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) icp0 rna probes were prepared, and their sense was determined in productively infected cells. although in situ hybridization demonstrated icp0 antisense rna transcripts in the nuclei of neurons in 46% ... | 1988 | 2451758 |
| helper activity in antigen-specific antibody production mediated by cd4+ human cytotoxic t cell clones directed against herpes simplex virus. | three hsv type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv type 2 (hsv-2) common ("hsv-type common") and three hsv-1 specific ctl clones, which were cd3+, cd4+, cd8-, 4b4+, and 2h4-, were established. these clones proliferated in response to stimulation with hsv in the presence of autologous apc. the hsv type specificity of the proliferative response was identical with that of the cytotoxic activity of the clones. the cytotoxic activity and the proliferative response were both inhibited by addition of anti-hla-dr mab to ... | 1988 | 2452188 |
| monoclonal antibodies define a domain on herpes simplex virus glycoprotein b involved in virus penetration. | in an earlier report (s.d. marlin, s.l. highlander, t.c. holland, m. levine, and j.c. glorioso, j. virol. 59: 142-153), we described the production and use of complement-dependent virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and mab-resistant (mar) mutants to identify five antigenic sites (i to v) on herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein b (gb). in the present study, the mechanism of virus neutralization was determined for a mab specific for site iii (b4), the only site recognized by mabs ... | 1988 | 2452895 |
| expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d deletion mutants in mammalian cells. | glycoprotein d (gd) is a viron envelope component of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. we have previously defined seven monoclonal antibody (mab) groups which recognize distinct epitopes on the mature gd-1 protein of 369 amino acids. mab groups vii, ii, and v recognize continuous epitopes at residues 11-19, 272-279, and 340-356, respectively. mab groups i, iii, iv, and vi recognize discontinuous epitopes. recent studies have focused on epitopes i, iii, and vi. using truncated forms of gd gener ... | 1988 | 2452897 |
| characterization of epitopes on native and denatured forms of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein b. | herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein b (gb) is an envelope glycoprotein which promotes fusion of virions with the cell membrane. this report characterizes the epitopes on native, disulfide-linked dimers of gb and monomeric forms of the glycoprotein using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. the antibodies were divided into groups, based on immune reactions with denatured or native forms of gb. the first group reacted with discontinuous epitopes assembled on gb dimers but failed to detect native or d ... | 1988 | 2453097 |
| inhibition of transcription of herpes simplex virus immediate early genes in interferon-treated human cells. | the effect of interferon (ifn) treatment on the early stages of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) replication in three types of human cells was investigated. interferon pretreatment was shown to reduce the steady state levels of both total and polysomebound hsv-1 immediate early alpha mrnas. using the nuclear run-off transcription assay, we showed that ifn selectively inhibited transcription of the hsv-1 genes, with no effect on transcription of total cellular rna or that of the beta-tubulin r ... | 1988 | 2455018 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of novel n-substituted derivatives of acyclovir. | novel n-substituted derivatives of acyclovir (1a) were synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral, antimetabolic, and antitumor cell properties in vitro. monomethylation of 1a at positions 1, 7, and n-2 gave compounds 2-4, respectively. when positions 1 and n-2 were linked together by an isopropeno group, the tricyclic 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-1,n-2-isopropenoguanine (5) was obtained. compound 5 was then further methylated at positions n-2 and 7 to give 6 and 7, respectively. none of the n ... | 1988 | 2455050 |
| the herpes simplex virus type i dna polymerase. polypeptide structure and antigenic domains. | polyclonal antibodies responding specifically to the n-terminal, central and c-terminal polypeptide domains of the herpes simplex virus type i (hsv-1) dna polymerase of strain angelotti were generated. each of the five different rabbit antisera reacted specifically with a viral 132 +/- 5-kda polypeptide as shown by immunoblot analysis. enzyme binding and inhibition studies revealed that antibodies raised to the central and the c-terminal domains of the protein inhibited the polymerizing activity ... | 1988 | 2455639 |
| functional t cell recognition of synthetic peptides corresponding to continuous antibody epitopes of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d. | four synthetic peptides which correspond to continuous antibody epitopes of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 glycoprotein d (gd) within amino acid residues 1-23 (8-23), 268-287 and 340-356 were evaluated for in vitro stimulating activity on hsv-primed murine t lymphocytes. all peptides stimulated lymphoproliferative responses and interleukin 2 (il2) production from draining lymph node (ln) cell populations taken 5 days after footpad immunization with live hsv. similar responses were elicited fr ... | 1988 | 2456985 |
| use of synthetic peptides to map the antigenic determinants of glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus. | the predictive algorithm surfaceplot (j.m.r. parker, d. guo, and r.s. hodges, biochemistry 25:5425-5432, 1986) was used to examine glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) for amino acid residues with a high probability of being exposed on the molecular surface. based on these data, 11 different peptides corresponding to 10-residue segments in the primary sequence of glycoprotein d and one 20-residue segment were synthesized, conjugated to carrier proteins, and used to generate spec ... | 1988 | 2457115 |
| common epitopes of glycoprotein b map within the major dna-binding proteins of bovine herpesvirus type 2 (bhv-2) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). | bovine herpesvirus 2 (bhv-2) specifies a glycoprotein of 130 kda (gb bhv-2) which shows extensive homology to glycoprotein b (gb-1) of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1). the bhv-2-specific 130-kda glycoprotein is able to induce cross-reacting antibodies, some of which even cross-neutralize hsv-1. in order to determine the genome localization of gb bhv-2 and in order to identify conserved antigenic domains in both glycoproteins, we established libraries of subgenic fragments of bhv-2 and hsv-1 dna i ... | 1988 | 2457278 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1-induced modifications in the distribution of nucleolar b-36 protein. | nucleolar b-36 protein was localized ultrastructurally by immunocytochemistry with monoclonal antibody p2g3 and colloidal gold label in rabbit fibroblast cells before and during infection with herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1. in non-infected cells, labeling was sparse and restricted to the fibrillar component of the nucleoli. during the infectious cycle, b-36 protein appeared to be somewhat more abundant within the morphologically altered fibrillar component of the nucleoli. in addition, the p ... | 1988 | 2458927 |
| effects of different interferons on the replication of herpes simplex virus in human t lymphocytes. | human t cells were activated with pha and after 48 h they were treated with preparations of different human interferons (ifns). after a further incubation period of 24 h, the cells were washed and infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). reduced virus titers were observed in t cells pretreated with ifn-alpha or ifn-beta, whereas ifn-gamma showed no antiviral effects. these findings indicate that ifn-gamma does not exert protection against viral infection in this system. we investigated ... | 1988 | 2459271 |
| antibody-resistant mutations in cross-reactive and type-specific epitopes of herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein b map in separate domains. | to characterize the domains of hsv-1 glycoprotein b (gb), we isolated mutants resistant to monoclonal antibodies with potent neutralizing activity. partial nucleotide sequencing of the mutations revealed that gb contains two domains comprising discontinuous and continuous amino acids that bind cross-reactive and type-specific neutralizing antibodies. four mutations in a discontinuous domain, r1435, r233, r1375, and r126, contained substitutions of tyr278 for his278, his298 for arg298, gln274 for ... | 1988 | 2459843 |
| epitope-mapping on the epstein-barr virus major capsid protein using systematic synthesis of overlapping oligopeptides. | systematic solid-phase synthesis of all possible overlapping nonapeptides of the 1381 amino acid sequence of the epstein-barr virus major capsid protein (ebv-mcp) was used to identify the position of linear antigen epitopes on this protein as recognised by human polyclonal antisera. antisera were selected for reactivity with ebv-mcp on immunoblots. the results show that antibodies from different individual donors may recognise ebv-mcp through binding to a variety of different epitopes. these epi ... | 1988 | 2460480 |
| identification of mar mutations in herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein b which alter antigenic structure and function in virus penetration. | analysis of six monoclonal antibody-resistant (mar) mutants in herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein b identified two type-common (ii and iii) and two type-specific (i and iv) antigenic sites on this molecule. to derive additional information on the location of these sites, mar mutations were mapped and nucleotide alterations were identified by dna sequencing. each mutant carried a single amino acid substitution resulting from a g-to-a base transition. alterations affecting antibody neutraliz ... | 1989 | 2463380 |
| patterns of polyadenylation site selection in gene constructs containing multiple polyadenylation signals. | we have constructed a series of plasmids containing multiple polyadenylation signals downstream of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv) thymidine kinase (tk)-coding region. the signals used were from the simian virus 40 (sv40) late gene, the hsv tk gene, and an aataaa-containing segment of the sv40 early region. this last fragment signals polyadenylation poorly in our constructs and not at all during sv40 infection. all plasmids contained the sv40 origin of replication. plasmids were transfecte ... | 1988 | 2463466 |
| corneal nerves contain intra-axonal hsv-1 after virus reactivation by epinephrine iontophoresis. | experimental ocular models of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) reactivation have been used to monitor viral shedding in the tear film and the appearance of corneal epithelial lesions, but the temporal correlation between reactivation and the presence of viral particles in the corneal nerves has not been made. two new zealand white rabbits were inoculated with 20 microliters of hsv-1 mckrae strain (5.0 x 10(6) pfu/ml) in each eye. beginning on postinfection day 82, ocular iontophoresis (0.8 ma ... | 1988 | 2465869 |
| inhibition of herpes simplex virus growth caused by preparations of animal immunoglobulins is not dependent on fc-fc receptor interactions. | rabbit, horse, rat, and chicken immunoglobulin g (igg); rabbit, horse, and goat igg fc fragments; rabbit and chicken f(ab')2 fragments, and rat and chicken gamma globulins, in concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/ml, were able to reduce virus production 10- to 10,000-fold when incubated with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected gmk ah1 cells. when the ability of the purified iggs and gamma globulins to interact with the hsv-induced fc receptor on infected gmk cells was tested, only rabbit igg a ... | 1988 | 2466016 |
| neutralizing activity of antibodies against the major herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins. | the specificity and neutralizing activity of antibodies against the major herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoproteins were tested in serum samples of patients with a history of hsv-1 infection. by preabsorption of sera to preparations of native and denatured hsv-1 proteins, followed by immunoblotting and microneutralization, it was shown that the majority of neutralizing antibodies are directed against denaturation-sensitive epitopes. furthermore, preabsorption of sera to proteins of viral ... | 1989 | 2466100 |
| epidermal langerhans cells, dermal dendritic cells, and keratinocytes in viral lesions of skin and mucous membranes: an immunohistochemical study. | we wanted to evaluate the eventual expression of viral antigens and mhc class ii products by keratinocytes as well as the alterations of epidermal langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells in viral lesions of skin and mucous membranes. therefore we investigated 68 biopsy specimens of protracted viral lesions, such as warts, condylomas, and mollusca contagiosa, and of rapidly resolving viral lesions such as herpes simplex virus infection. for this we used immunohistochemical staining techniques ... | 1988 | 2466441 |
| synergistic antiherpes virus activity of acyclovir and interferon in human corneal stromal cells. | synergistic anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) activity between acyclovir (acv) and recombinant human interferon alpha a2 (ifn) was detected in cell cultures derived from human corneas. this activity was demonstrated when cells were infected at high multipicities of infection (5 pfu/cell) in both cytopathic effect reduction and yield reduction assays as well as in plaque reduction assays at low multiplicities. the synergistic effects occurred over a 30-fold range of concentrations of ifn ( ... | 1989 | 2466806 |
| the herpes simplex virus immediate-early protein, icp4, is required to potentiate replication of human immunodeficiency virus in cd4+ lymphocytes. | the interaction of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) was investigated in an acute whole-virus coinfection system. cd4+ lymphoid cem cells were infected with hiv-1 and, 24 h later, superinfected with hsv-1 (strain kos) or hsv mutants possessing defined deletions in genes specifying the immediate-early transcriptional regulatory proteins icp0, icp4, or icp27. marked potentiation of hiv replication was demonstrated with the kos strain, the icp0 mutant, and the icp27 ... | 1989 | 2467991 |
| fine mapping of antigenic site ii of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d. | glycoprotein d (gd) is a virion envelope component of herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2) which plays an important role in viral infection and pathogenesis. previously, anti-gd monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were arranged into groups which recognize distinct type-common and type-specific sites on hsv-1 gd (gd-1) and hsv-2 gd (gd-2). several groups recognize discontinuous epitopes which are dependent on tertiary structure. three groups, vii, ii, and v, recognize continuous epitopes p ... | 1989 | 2467994 |
| topological distribution of virus-specific and cross-reactive antigenic determinants on the gb glycoprotein of the herpes simplex viruses. | the antigenic properties and relations between the herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (hsv1, hsv2) gb glycoproteins were investigated. using several assay systems to analyze the virus-specific reactivity of polyclonal monospecific rabbit anti-gb sera, it was demonstrated that most of the antigenic determinants of the gb glycoproteins exposed at the surface of both virions and infected cells are virus-specific rather than cross-reactive. comparative examination of the reactivity of human immune se ... | 1989 | 2470853 |
| a subset of type-specific epitopes map in the amino terminus of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein b. | we constructed a recombinant herpes simplex virus (hsv) containing the transcribed coding and non-coding sequences of hsv-1 strain f glycoprotein b (gb) gene, a gamma 1 gene, fused to the promoter-regulatory sequences of the hsv-1 alpha 4 gene and inserted into the thymidine kinase gene of rh1g44, an hsv-1 x hsv-2 recombinant that contains an hsv-2 gb gene at the natural locus. phenotypic analyses of the insertion mutant, r3145, showed that the alpha gb gene was transcribed in the presence of cy ... | 1989 | 2471797 |
| a major neutralizing domain maps within the carboxyl-terminal half of the cleaved cytomegalovirus b glycoprotein. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) encodes several glycoproteins reported to be structural homologues of glycoproteins encoded by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). to map the antigenic and functional domains on the 907 amino acid cmv glycoprotein b (gb), we cloned and expressed a subfragment of bamhi fragment r of the cmv (towne) genome into an expression vector and reacted the resulting gene product with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. our results showed that the dna fragment encodes related glycoprote ... | 1989 | 2471800 |
| disinfection of goldmann tonometers against human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | goldmann tonometer tips were inoculated with 5 x 10(5) iu of cell-free or cell-associated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (lymphadenopathy virus type 1 isolate) or 10(4) plaque-forming units of herpes simplex virus type 1 (mckrae strain) or type 2 (hicks strain). in an effort to mimic a "worst case" clinical scenario, each respective virus was allowed to air dry on the tonometer tip for 10 minutes. inoculated tonometers were then (1) not treated, (2) wiped with a disposable (kim-wipe) tissue ... | 1989 | 2473733 |
| transcriptional activity of the herpes simplex virus genome during establishment, maintenance, and reactivation of in vitro virus latency. | we previously have described a model of in vitro herpes simplex virus (hsv) latency in which latent infection was (i) established with human leukocyte interferon (ifn-alpha) in combination with (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu) or 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]guanine (acyclovir); (ii) maintained after termination of combined inhibitor treatment by incubation at 40.5 degrees, and (iii) reactivated by either reducing the incubation temperature to 37 degrees or by superinfecting at the elev ... | 1989 | 2473963 |
| experimental ocular herpesvirus infection in the cat. sites of virus replication, clinical features and effects of corticosteroid administration. | experimentally induced ocular feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1) infection was studied in 30 specific pathogen-free cats. in ten cats, the ability of five field isolates of fhv-1 to replicate in the epithelium and substantia propria of cornea and conjunctiva was demonstrated by histochemical techniques. feline herpesvirus 1 was found to preferentially infect and induce necrosis of conjunctival epithelium. although significant histologic lesions were not induced, all fhv-1 strains were observed to repl ... | 1989 | 2474518 |
| identification of the latency-associated transcript promoter by expression of rabbit beta-globin mrna in mouse sensory nerve ganglia latently infected with a recombinant herpes simplex virus. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript (lat) is expressed as a major species in latently infected mouse neurons. previous sequence analysis revealed no obvious promoter elements near the 5' end of the lat, but a tata box and other potential promoter elements were found 700 base pairs upstream. a recombinant virus in which the rabbit beta-globin gene was inserted immediately downstream of the tata box expressed globin mrna and did not express the lat. a second recombinant v ... | 1989 | 2474674 |
| golgi-like, transneuronal retrograde labelling with cns injections of herpes simplex virus type 1. | the use of hsv1 as a retrograde transneuronal marker for the cns was assessed in several neuroanatomical systems of the rat brain including the olfactory, visual and somatosensory systems. in all systems, retrograde transneuronal transport was observed; with appropriate survival times transport was evident in third and fourth order neurons in established neuronal circuits. a striking observation was the high frequency of neurons labelled in a golgi-like manner. the visualization of even the fine ... | 1989 | 2475221 |
| activity of fce 20696, a new synthetic immunomodulator, in models of viral and bacterial pathology. | the dibenzopyran derivative fce 20696 is an immunomodulator which protects mice infected with several viral agents and with mycobacterium tuberculosis. the compound is able to decrease the severity of the lung lesions caused by influenza virus infection. doses ranging from 12.5 to 100 mg/kg are effective even after a single administration. activity is demonstrated by intraperitoneal, subcutaneous and oral administration of the drug. in systemic infection with herpes simplex virus type 1, the 100 ... | 1989 | 2475454 |
| simultaneous triple-immunogold staining of virus and host cell antigens with monoclonal antibodies of virus and host cell antigens in ultrathin cryosections. | the mechanism of intracellular maturation and sorting of herpes simplex virus type i glycoproteins is not known in details. to elucidate the intracellular sorting of viral glycoproteins and their possible interaction with the cytoskeleton, a method for simultaneous immunogold staining of three antigens in ultrathin cryosections is described. each antigen is stained by an indirect technique using mouse monoclonal igg as first layer, rabbit anti-mouse igg as second and gold-conjugated goat anti-ra ... | 1989 | 2475475 |
| primary resistance induced in mice by lactobacillus casei following infection with herpes simplex virus. | primary host defense mechanism of mice against intraperitoneal infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was studied using heat-killed lactobacillus casei yit 9018 (lc 9018), a bacterial immunostimulant, in combination with inactivated hsv-1 antigen. peritoneal exudate cells (pecs) in the early period of mice pretreated intraperitoneally (ip) with lc 9018 showed the cytotoxic activity against balb/3t3 cells infected with hsv-1, in vitro, whereas pecs induced by thioglycollate broth did ... | 1989 | 2475554 |
| lack of immunodominance in the t cell response to herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d after administration of infectious virus. | glycoprotein d (gd) of hsv has been shown to be a potent immunogen. to analyze the t cell antigenic determinants on gd, a series of 28 overlapping 20-mer peptides that span the extracellular portion of gd-1 were examined for their ability to stimulate t cells from rgd-1 or infectious hsv-1-primed h-2d mice in vitro. rgd-1-primed cells responded exclusively to peptide 241-260, the immunodominant determinant of gd in h-2d mice. in contrast, infectious hsv-primed t cells were shown to respond to 17 ... | 1989 | 2475577 |
| domain structure of herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein b: neutralizing epitopes map in regions of continuous and discontinuous residues. | herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein b (gb) is a multifunctional glycoprotein required for infectivity; it is thought to promote fusion of the viral envelope with the cell membrane and entry of virions into cells. to map the antigenic and functional domains on gb, we constructed amino terminal derivatives lacking the entire carboxyl terminus and internal deletion mutants lacking defined regions of the extracellular and transmembrane domains. transient expression of the mutants in cos-1 ce ... | 1989 | 2475970 |
| a 165 kd protein of the herpes simplex virion shares a common epitope with the regulatory protein, icp4. | we have investigated the possibility that immediate-early (ie) protein icp4 could be a part of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) virion particle. immunodetection with a monoclonal antibody against icp4 reveals that a component of the virion, migrating at 165 kd, shares a common epitope with this immediate-early protein. immunolocalization studies on purified virions indicate that the antigen can be detected only in virions without membranes, and is located outside the capsid, most probably in ... | 1989 | 2476124 |
| mapping of epitopes on the 65k dna-binding protein of herpes simplex virus type 1. | previously we have described the isolation of seven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and two polyvalent rabbit sera directed against the product of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) gene ul42, a 65k dna-binding protein (65kdbp) which is essential for hsv dna replication and virus growth. we now report the synthesis of all 483 overlapping hexapeptides of this 488 amino acid protein and describe their use for the identification of epitopes recognized by these mabs and polyvalent sera. mab 6898, deri ... | 1989 | 2476527 |
| inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) plaque enlargement by neutralizing sera. | the inhibitory activity of neutralizing sera on herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) plaque enlargement (pe) is easily detected using the s variant of low passage clinical isolates (mannini-palenzona et al., 1985b; costanzo et al., 1986). the same sera show little or no activity on pe of the product of the s variant rapid in vitro conversion, the l variant, and laboratory strains hsv-1 (f) and (mp). no significant difference was found in the inhibitory activity of sera from healthy individuals wi ... | 1989 | 2476650 |
| characterization of the early steps of herpes simplex virus replication in interferon-treated human cells. | interferon (ifn) was shown to inhibit herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) replication at the transcription of the immediate early (alpha) genes. this apparent inhibition could be due to a direct effect on viral transcription or on one of the preceding steps of infection, i.e., penetration and uncoating. in the present study, we analyze the effects of ifn on the very early steps of hsv-1 infection in hep-2 human cells. analysis of the parental hsv-1 viral dna accumulated in the infected cell nucl ... | 1989 | 2477472 |
| effects of tunicamycin and monensin on the distribution of highly phosphorylated proteins in cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1. | new aspects of the distribution of highly phosphorylated proteins in cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) were investigated at the ultrastructural level by the use of drugs which inhibit the glycosylation of viral proteins. the highly phosphorylated proteins were localized by the bismuth tartrate procedure applied on sections of glutaraldehyde-fixed cells embedded in lowicryl. the drugs employed were tunicamycin, which alters the glycosylation activity of the rough endoplasmic ... | 1988 | 2478642 |
| compartment-specific immunolocalization of conserved epitopes of the glycoprotein gb of herpes simplex virus type 1 and bovine herpes virus type 2 in infected cells. | monoclonal antibodies directed against a surface glycoprotein of the bovine herpes virus type 2 (bhv-2, bovine herpes mammillitis virus) recognize also determinants of the major glycoprotein gb of the human herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). cross-reacting antigens of the virions and in infected cells were localized with immunocytochemical methods, immunofluorescence as well as pre-embedding and cryoultramicrotomy immune electron microscopy. all antibodies stain to different degrees cell free ... | 1989 | 2480759 |
| immunological properties of multiple repeats of a linear epitope of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d. | several peptides containing the amino acid sequence 9-21 of glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) were synthesized and investigated for reactivity with monoclonal antibody lp14 in a competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). peptides containing two or four repeats of sequence 9-21 reacted at least one order of magnitude better with lp14 than with the monomeric form of sequence 9-21. dimers in which one of the repeats of one or more essential residues were absent did n ... | 1989 | 2480978 |
| in vitro development of bone-marrow-derived macrophages. influence of mouse genotype on response to colony-stimulating factors and autocrine interferon induction. | responsiveness to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) and macrophage csf (m-csf) of bone marrow cells derived from different mouse strains was investigated. there were great variations in proliferation between different strains of inbred mice. bone marrow cells from mouse strains with a high rate of proliferation in response to gm-csf also had a high proliferating capacity to m-csf. the response to either csf did not correlate with a certain h-2 haplotype. gm-csf induced co ... | 1989 | 2481339 |
| effect of 2',5'-oligoadenylate on herpes simplex virus-infected cells and preventive action of 2',5'-oligoadenylate on the lethal effect of hsv-2. | antiviral effects of ppp(a2'p)na, (2-5a) on herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 (hsv-1 or hsv-2)-infected baby hamster kidney fibroblasts (bhk cells) and hsv-2-infected female guinea pigs were examined. 2-5a was introduced into bhk cells in the form of a calcium phosphate precipitate and as an ointment of polyethylene glycol (peg) into guinea pig vagina. under optimum conditions, 2-5a trimer and other 2-5a derivatives inhibited over 90% of hsv-1 syncytia formation and over 50% of hsv-2 plaque ... | 1989 | 2481701 |
| [experimental studies of 9-(1, 3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)-guanine(dhpg) against herpes simplex virus]. | the antiherpes virus effects of 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl) guanine (dhpg) were studied in cell culture and in experimental herpetic keratitis in rabbits. in plaque reduction assays in vero cell, the 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) of dhpg was shown to be 0.1 microgram/ml against hsv-1. combination of dhpg and cyclocytidine (cc), produced a synergistic activity against kos strains of hsv-1. whereas the combination of dhpg and acyclovir (acv) or tai-ding-an (tda) resulted in an additive ... | 1989 | 2481939 |
| 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine in the treatment of murine acquired immunodeficiency disease and opportunistic herpes simplex virus infections. | the murine model of acquired immunodeficiency disease was used to evaluate both the antiretroviral and antiherpetic activities of the acyclic nucleotide analog 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (pmea). the antiretroviral activity of pmea was compared with that of azidothymidine (azt) in mice receiving the drug either immediately after infection or at late times in disease progression. both azt (oral, 30 mg/kg) and pmea (parenteral, 25 and 5 mg/kg) were effective in slowing the development of d ... | 1989 | 2482011 |
| relatedness of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of simian herpes-virus virions and infected cells to specific hsv glycoproteins. | the antigenic relatedness of the surface glycoprotein antigens of six herpesviruses indigenous to human and nonhuman primates was examined. binding of anti-viral sera to viral antigens expressed on the surface of infected cells demonstrated that the surface antigens of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv 1), hsv 2, simian agent 8 (sa8), and herpesvirus simiae (b virus) exhibit extensive cross-reactivity. surface antigens of two viruses isolated from south american primates, h. saimiri 1 (hvs 1) and ... | 1989 | 2482016 |
| synthesis, cytotoxic and antiviral activity of uracils containing 5-(1-hydroxy-2-haloethyl)- and 5-(1-methoxy-2-haloethyl) substituents. | 5-(1-hydroxy-2-haloethyl)- (4), 5-(1-methoxy-2-haloethyl)- (5) and 5-(1-hydroxy-2-methoxyethyl)uracils (6) (see figure 2 for structures) were synthesized to investigate the effect of the c-5 substituents on cytotoxic and antiviral activity. the bromo compounds (4b and 5b) exhibited greater cytotoxic activity than the chloro or iodo analogues in the in vitro l1210 assay. replacement of the hydroxyl substituent of 4b (bromo) and 4c (iodo) by a methoxyl substituent (5b-c), or substitution of their ... | 1989 | 2490275 |
| effect of dmba on oral cancer development in hamsters with latent hsv-1 infections in trigeminal ganglia. | this study examined the effect of 7, 12-dimethyl-benz(a)anthracene (dmba), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogen, on pathologic changes in buccal pouch mucosa of hamsters with latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infections in their trigeminal ganglia. of the pouches receiving dmba treatment, the average number of tumors per pouch was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in pouches of animals with hsv-1 infections as compared to those that received dmba only. of the pouches receivi ... | 1989 | 2493144 |
| synthesis, cytotoxicity, and antiviral activity of certain 7-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleosides related to toyocamycin and sangivamycin. | a number of 7-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives related to the nucleoside antibiotics toyocamycin and sangivamycin were prepared and tested for their biological activity. treatment of the sodium salt of 4-amino-6-bromo-5-cyanopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1) with (2-acetoxyethoxy)methyl bromide (2) afforded a mixture of 4-amino-6-bromo-5-cyano-7-[(2-acetoxyethoxy)methyl]pyrrolo[2,3-d] pyrimidine (3) and the corresponding n1 isomer. debromination of this mixture gave the c ... | 1989 | 2500527 |
| [a pathological study on herpes simplex virus infections in adults]. | a pathological study was carried out in 200 autopsied cases experienced in our department from 1981 to 1988. eight patients (4.0%) had herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections in their visceral organs. another one patient was diagnosed as hsv hepatitis through necropsy of liver. the nine patients (five of them were male) ranged in age from 34 to 70 years (mean, 58). four patients had non-hodgkin's lymphoma, and the other included one with adult t-cell leukemia, one with multiple myeloma, one with i ... | 1989 | 2507685 |