| rgfp109, a histone deacetylase inhibitor attenuates l-dopa-induced dyskinesia in the mptp-lesioned marmoset: a proof-of-concept study. | l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa)-induced dyskinesia (lid) are a complication of chronic dopamine replacement therapy in parkinson's disease (pd). recent studies have suggested that the mechanisms underlying development and expression of lid in pd may involve epigenetic changes that include deacetylation of striatal histone proteins. we hypothesised that inhibition of histone deacetylase, the enzyme responsible of histone deacetylation, would alleviate lid. | 2013 | 22901956 |
| contrast imaging ultrasound detects abnormalities in the marmoset ovary. | the development of a functional vascular tree within the primate ovary is critical for reproductive health. to determine the efficacy of contrast agents to image the microvascular environment within the primate ovary, contrast ultrasonography was performed in six reproductive-aged female common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) during the late luteal phase of the cycle, following injection of sonovue™. regions of interest (rois), representing the corpus luteum (cl) and noncorpus luteum ovarian tiss ... | 2012 | 22890799 |
| social effects via olfactory sensory stimuli on reproductive function and dysfunction in cooperative breeding marmosets and tamarins. | most primates are social species whose reproduction is influenced by their social relationships. the cotton-top tamarin, saguinus oedipus, and the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus, are cooperative breeding species where the family structure alters reproductive function in many ways. while primates receive social effects on reproduction via all sensory stimuli, the marmosets and tamarins are particularly influenced by olfactory/chemosensory stimuli. the olfactory sensory processing is the "soc ... | 2013 | 22890774 |
| the common marmoset as a novel animal model system for biomedical and neuroscience research applications. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a small new world primate, has been attracting much attention in the research field of biomedical science and neuroscience, based on its (i) cross-reactivity with human cytokines or hormones, (ii) comparative ease in handling due to its small size, (iii) high reproductive efficiency, (iv) establishment of basic research tools, and (v) advantages of its unique behavioral and cognitive characters. various neurological disease models have been developed in ... | 2012 | 22871417 |
| increased expression of aquaporin-4 with methylmercury exposure in the brain of the common marmoset. | the relationship between methylmercury (mehg) exposure and aquaporin (aqp) expression in the brain is currently unknown. to investigate this, we used a common marmoset model of acute mehg exposure to examine aqp1, aqp4 and aqp11 gene expression. mehg (1.5 mg hg/kg/day p.o.) was given to three marmosets for 14 days, followed by 14 days without. all treated marmosets showed slight akinesia before sacrifice. in the frontal lobe, occipital lobe and cerebellum, total mercury concentrations following ... | 2012 | 22863855 |
| experimental techniques for neuroscience research using common marmosets. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a species of new world monkeys. because of its ease of maintenance and breeding in laboratories, use of the marmoset is growing rapidly in biomedical research. in neuroscience, the marmosets are attracting more attention, since they have the developed cerebral cortex which plays a key role in higher brain functions. in this review on neuroscience research using the marmoset, experimental techniques developed in our laboratory are summarized. we introdu ... | 2012 | 22850638 |
| remote long-term registrations of sleep-wake rhythms, core body temperature and activity in marmoset monkeys. | initial studies in the day active marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) indicate that the sleep-wake cycle of these non-human primates resembles that of humans and therefore conceivably represent an appropriate model for human sleep. the methods currently employed for sleep studies in marmosets are limited. the objective of this study was to employ and validate the use of specific remote monitoring system technologies that enable accurate long-term recordings of sleep-wake rhythms and the closely ... | 2012 | 22850608 |
| can we measure brain efficiency? an empirical test with common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | various measures of brain size correlate with cognitive performance; however, the fit is not perfect, which bears the question of whether brains also vary in efficiency. such variation could be expected if a species faces constraints on brain enlargement, for example due to the impossibility of slowing down life history as a consequence of predator pressure, while simultaneously experiencing selective benefits from enhanced cognitive ability related to particular ecological or social conditions. ... | 2012 | 22846401 |
| a new method for quantitative analysis of the t cell receptor v region repertoires in healthy common marmosets by microplate hybridization assay. | the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus, is one of the smallest primates and is increasingly used for an experimental nonhuman primate model in many research fields. analysis of t cell receptor (tcr) repertoires is a powerful tool to investigate t cell immunity in terms of antigen specificity and variability of tcr expression. however, monoclonal antibodies specific for many tcr vα or vβ chains have not been created. we have recently identified a large number of tcrα chain variable (trav) and tc ... | 2012 | 22841578 |
| double expression of cd34 and cd117 on bone marrow progenitors is a hallmark of the development of functional mast cell of callithrix jacchus (common marmoset). | mast cells (mcs) are developed from hematopoietic progenitor cells and play an important role in inflammation. study of the kinetics of development and accumulation of primate mc in vivo is crucial for the control of human inflammatory diseases, as evolution of the immune system is quite rapid and inflammation including mc response is considered to be different between mouse and human. in the present study, we examined the development of mc from hematopoietic progenitors of callithrix jacchus (c ... | 2012 | 22836021 |
| monomorphic region of the serotonin transporter promoter gene in new world monkeys. | genetic variation in the human serotonin system has long been studied because of its functional consequences and links to various neuropsychiatric and behavior-related disorders. among non-human primates, the common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) and tufted capuchins monkeys (cebus apella) are becoming increasingly used as models to study the effects of genes, environments, and their interaction on physiology and complex behavior. in order to investigate the independent functions of and potentia ... | 2012 | 22833283 |
| visualizing dopamine transporter integrity with iodine-123-fp-cit spect in combination with high resolution mri in the brain of the common marmoset monkey. | considerable progress has been made in small animal single photon emission computed tomography (spect) imaging in the field of parkinson's disease. in preclinical research, there is an increasing demand for in vivo imaging techniques to apply to animal models. here, we report the first protocol for dopamine transporter (dat) spect in common marmosets using the radioligand ¹²³i-n-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-{4-iodophenyl}nortropane (¹²³i-fp-cit). serial spect images were obtained on an upgr ... | 2012 | 22827895 |
| b-cell depletion abrogates t cell-mediated demyelination in an antibody-nondependent common marmoset experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. | cd20-positive b-cell depletion is a highly promising treatment for multiple sclerosis (ms), but the mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects are poorly understood. b cells are thought to contribute to ms pathogenesis by producing autoantibodies that amplify demyelination via opsonization of myelin. to analyze autoantibody-nondependent functions of b cells in an animal model of ms, we used a novel t cell-driven experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) model in marmoset monkeys (callithrix ... | 2012 | 22805775 |
| inflammatory fibroid polyp in the duodenum of a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | a 32-month-old male common marmoset had a firm and white-colored mass in the duodenal wall. the cut surface was smooth and grayish white in color. histologically, the mass consisted of a proliferation of spindle cells with an oval to spindle-shaped nucleus and scant eosinophilic cytoplasm in a loose myxoid or fibrotic background. most of the lesion displayed no specific growth pattern whereas some of the cells concentrated around the vessels and created an onion-bulb structure. additionally, mar ... | 2013 | 22786945 |
| toward a nonhuman primate model of fetal programming: phenotypic plasticity of the common marmoset fetoplacental complex. | nonhuman primates offer unique opportunities as animal models in the study of developmental programming and the role of the placenta in developmental processes. all primates share fundamental similarities in life history and reproductive biology. thus, insights gleaned from studies of nonhuman primates have a higher degree of biological salience to human biology than do studies of rodents or agricultural animals. the common marmoset monkey is a small-bodied primate from south america that produc ... | 2012 | 22776637 |
| parameters of haematology, clinical chemistry and lipid metabolism in the common marmoset and alterations under stress conditions. | common marmosets are suitable non-human primate models for many human diseases. standard values for blood parameters are required to evaluate physiological and pathological situations. two studies were conducted: study i to determine standard values and study ii to examine these under changed housing conditions. in study i, all parameters for clinical chemistry were similar in range for both genders with these specifics: male marmosets had significantly higher total and ldl cholesterol levels th ... | 2012 | 22765494 |
| sperm head morphometry in ejaculates of adult marmosets (callithrix jacchus): a model for studying sperm subpopulations and among-donor variations. | in humans and other mammals, sperm morphology has been considered one of the most important predictive parameters of fertility. the objective was to determine the presence and distribution of sperm head morphometric subpopulations in a nonhuman primate model (callithrix jacchus), using an objective computer analysis system and principal component analysis (pca) methods to establish the relationship between the subpopulation distribution observed and among-donor variation. the pca method revealed ... | 2012 | 22763070 |
| life span of common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) at clea japan breeding colony. | the life span and survival parameters of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) in a breeding colony at clea japan, inc. were investigated. the average life span of male marmosets was 148.5 ± 6.1 (mean ± se) months of age (m), which was significantly longer (p < 0.01) than that of females (111.7 ± 6.0 m). additionally, the male population reached 25-, 50-, 75- and 90 %-mortality at an older age than the female population. however, the maximum life span in males (259.9 m) was shorter than in fe ... | 2012 | 22752736 |
| prenatal stress programs lipid metabolism enhancing cardiovascular risk in the female f1, f2, and f3 generation in the primate model common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | many human diseases are modulated by intrauterine environment, which is called prenatal programming. this study investigated effects of prenatal glucocorticoids on the lipid metabolism of three filial generations of common marmosets. | 2012 | 22748020 |
| the marmoset monkey: a multi-purpose preclinical and translational model of human biology and disease. | the development of biologic molecules (monoclonal antibodies, cytokines, soluble receptors) as specific therapeutics for human disease creates a need for animal models in which safety and efficacy can be tested. models in lower animal species are precluded when the reagents fail to recognize their targets, which is often the case in rats and mice. in this feature article we will highlight the common marmoset, a small-bodied nonhuman primate (nhp), as a useful model in biomedical and preclinical ... | 2012 | 22728226 |
| mediodorsal thalamic nucleus receives a direct retinal input in marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus): a subunit b cholera toxin study. | the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus is a prominent nucleus in the thalamus, positioned lateral to the midline nuclei and medial to the intralaminar thalamic complex in the dorsal thalamus. several studies identify the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus as a key structure in learning and memory, as well as in emotional mechanisms and alertness due to reciprocal connections with the limbic system and prefrontal cortex. fibers from the retina to the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus have recently been described ... | 2013 | 22726524 |
| an animal model that reflects human disease: the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the common marmoset is a new world primate belonging to the callitrichidae family weighing between 350 and 400 g. the marmoset has been shown to be an outstanding model for studying aging, reproduction, neuroscience, toxicology, and infectious disease. with regard to their susceptibility to infectious agents, they are exquisite nhp models for viral, protozoan and bacterial agents, as well as prions. the marmoset provides the advantages of a small animal model in high containment coupled with the ... | 2012 | 22709521 |
| establishing meal patterns by lickometry in the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus): translational applications from the bench to the field and the clinic. | the ability to measure and interpret variables associated with feeding behavior and food intake is essential to a variety of nonhuman primate study modalities. the development of a technique to accurately and efficiently measure food intake and meal patterning in captivity will enhance both the interpretation of foraging behavior in the wild as well as our ability to model clinically relevant human feeding pathologies. in this study, we successfully developed the use of a rodent lickometer syste ... | 2012 | 22707067 |
| the pluripotency factor lin28 in monkey and human testes: a marker for spermatogonial stem cells? | mammalian spermatogenesis is maintained by spermatogonial stem cells (sscs). however, since evidentiary assays and unequivocal markers are still missing in non-human primates (nhps) and man, the identity of primate sscs is unknown. in contrast, in mice, germ cell transplantation studies have functionally demonstrated the presence of sscs. lin28 is an rna-binding pluripotent stem cell factor, which is also strongly expressed in undifferentiated mouse spermatogonia. by contrast, two recent reports ... | 2012 | 22689537 |
| color blobs in cortical areas v1 and v2 of the new world monkey callithrix jacchus, revealed by non-differential optical imaging. | color vision is reserved to only few mammals, such as old world monkeys and humans. most old world monkeys are trichromats. among them, macaques were shown to exhibit functional domains of color-selectivity, in areas v1 and v2 of the visual cortex. such color domains have not yet been shown in new world monkeys. in marmosets a sex-linked dichotomy results in dichromatic and trichromatic genotypes, rendering most male marmosets color-blind. here we used trichromatic female marmosets to examine th ... | 2012 | 22674264 |
| the effects of group size and reproductive status on vigilance in captive callithrix jacchus. | previous work on mammals and birds has often demonstrated a negative relationship between group size and individual vigilance. however, this relationship has received only weak support in nonhuman primates. this result may be due to the failure to distinguish different forms of vigilance such as antipredatory vigilance and social monitoring. here, we tested the effects of group size, reproductive status (breeding vs. nonbreeding), and sex on antipredatory vigilance and social monitoring in capti ... | 2012 | 22644577 |
| islet microarchitecture and glucose transporter expression of the pancreas of the marmoset monkey display similarities to the human. | the common marmoset new world monkey (callithrix jacchus), is a primate model with great potential for scientific research, including research on diabetes. however, in opposite to rhesus and java monkeys (macaca mulatta and macaca fascicularis) little is known about the marmosets islet microarchitecture, glucose transporter and pancreatic marker gene expression. in this work we analyze differences and similarities in size, shape, cellular composition and intra-islet topography between the common ... | 2014 | 22627676 |
| temporal bone characterization and cochlear implant feasibility in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a valuable non-human primate model for studying behavioral and neural mechanisms related to vocal communication. it is also well suited for investigating neural mechanisms related to cochlear implants. the purpose of this study was to characterize marmoset temporal bone anatomy and investigate the feasibility of implanting a multi-channel intracochlear electrode into the marmoset scala tympani. micro computed tomography (microct) was used to create high-resol ... | 2012 | 22583919 |
| minimally invasive transabdominal collection of preimplantation embryos from the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). | a novel, minimally invasive, transabdominal embryo collection method (transabdominal method) was developed as an alternative to a standard abdominal incision for embryo collection in the common marmoset. the abdominal incision method was used for 304 flushes using 36 female animals, whereas the transabdominal method was used for 488 flushes using 48 females; successful embryo collection rates were 48.0% and 48.4% (p > 0.05), respectively. these techniques were successfully duplicated at another ... | 2012 | 22578624 |
| performance on patterned string problems by common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | this experiment examined the performance of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) on a series of patterned string problems to assess the marmosets' understanding of means-ends relationships. one marmoset, jet, was exposed to a series of problems that were ordered in terms of perceived difficulty during two testings that were separated by 1 year. in the second testing, jet received problems that had been used during the first testing along with three new problems. each of the new problems was des ... | 2012 | 22576582 |
| developmental expression of the pluripotency factor sal-like protein 4 in the monkey, human and mouse testis: restriction to premeiotic germ cells. | sall4 (sal-like protein 4) is a pluripotency transcription factor, which is highly expressed in embryonic stem (es) cells and which is essential for mouse preimplantation development. in adult mouse organs, sall4 mrna is highly expressed in the testis and ovary, while there is only little or no expression in other organs. there is also a high expression of sall4 in human testicular germ cell tumors. however, there is as yet no detailed analysis of sall4 expression during mammalian testicular dev ... | 2012 | 22572102 |
| amacrine and bipolar inputs to midget and parasol ganglion cells in marmoset retina. | retinal ganglion cells receive excitatory synapses from bipolar cells and inhibitory synapses from amacrine cells. previous studies in primate suggest that the strength of inhibitory amacrine input is greater to cells in peripheral retina than to foveal (central) cells. a comprehensive study of a large number of ganglion cells at different eccentricities, however, is still lacking. here, we compared the amacrine and bipolar input to midget and parasol ganglion cells in central and peripheral ret ... | 2012 | 22564345 |
| derivation of neural progenitors and retinal pigment epithelium from common marmoset and human pluripotent stem cells. | embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (ipscs) derived from mammalian species are valuable tools for modeling human disease, including retinal degenerative eye diseases that result in visual loss. restoration of vision has focused on transplantation of neural progenitor cells (npcs) and retinal pigmented epithelium (rpe) to the retina. here we used transgenic common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and human pluripotent stem cells carrying the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) reporte ... | 2012 | 22550507 |
| the influence of sex and relatedness on stress response in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | research in stress physiology has demonstrated the benefits of receiving social support during stressful conditions. however, recent data have shown that the efficacy of social support in buffering physiological and behavioral responses to stressor agents depends on species, sex, and relatedness among animals. this study investigated whether different kinds of social support (presence of same sex related or nonrelated conspecifics) have the same effect on hormonal (fecal cortisol levels) and beh ... | 2012 | 22549557 |
| retinal projections and neurochemical characterization of the pregeniculate nucleus of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | in mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn) and the intergeniculate leaflet (igl) are the main components of the circadian timing system. the scn is the site of the endogenous biological clock that generates rhythms and synchronizes them to environmental cues. the igl is a key structure that modulates scn activity and is responsible for the transmission of non-photic information to the scn, thus participating in the integration between photic and non-photic stimuli. both the scn and igl receiv ... | 2012 | 22531294 |
| anatomical description and morphometry of the skeleton of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) is regularly used in biomedical research, including for studies involving the skeleton. to support these studies, skeletons of healthy animals that had been euthanized for reasons not interfering with skeletal anatomy were prepared. the marmoset dental formula 2i-1c-3p-2m of each oral quadrant is atypical for new world monkeys which commonly possess a third molar. seven cervical, 12-13 thoracic, 7-6 lumbar, 2-3 sacral and 26-29 caudal vertebrae are present, t ... | 2012 | 22517992 |
| aging phenotypes of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | characterizing the phenotypic changes associated with aging in a short-lived primate is necessary in order to develop better translational models for human health, aging, and disease research. a population of conventionally housed marmoset monkeys was assessed to determine if phenotypes of body composition, hematology, and morphometrical measures were associated with age or risk of death. we found that the cause of mortality in older marmosets was more likely to be due to cardiac and chronic kid ... | 2012 | 22506113 |
| lesions of ventrolateral prefrontal or anterior orbitofrontal cortex in primates heighten negative emotion. | heightened fear and anxiety are core symptoms of a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. they are associated with structural and activity changes throughout neural circuitry that includes the ventral and medial prefrontal cortices (pfc), the amygdala, and hippocampus. although the contributions of the medial pfc, amygdala, and hippocampus to fear and anxiety have been studied extensively with animal models, the selective roles of the ventral pfc-including the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vl ... | 2012 | 22502990 |
| comparative anatomy of marmoset and mouse cortex from genomic expression. | advances in mouse neural circuit genetics, brain atlases, and behavioral assays provide a powerful system for modeling the genetic basis of cognition and psychiatric disease. however, a critical limitation of this approach is how to achieve concordance of mouse neurobiology with the ultimate goal of understanding the human brain. previously, the common marmoset has shown promise as a genetic model system toward the linking of mouse and human studies. however, the advent of marmoset transgenic ap ... | 2012 | 22496550 |
| early decline in progenitor diversity in the marmoset lateral ventricle. | the lateral ventricle (lv) of the adult rodent brain harbors neural stem cells (nscs) that continue to generate new neurons throughout life. nscs located in defined areas of the lv walls generate progenitors with distinct transcriptional profiles that are committed to specific neuronal fates. here, we assessed if such diversity of nscs also exist in the adult common marmoset, a widely used primate species in basic and clinical neuroscience research. we first investigated the 3d distributions of ... | 2013 | 22473896 |
| characteristics of serial order learning in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | we investigated the characteristics of serial order learning in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). five marmosets were trained in a sequential responding task in which they were required to touch four graphic patterns in a given order (a→b→c→d) to obtain a reward. all five marmosets learned the task with over 65% accuracy. shuffling the positions of b, c, and d immediately after the marmoset had correctly identified and selected the first stimulus (a) either decreased accuracy or lengthened ... | 2012 | 22468938 |
| cortical connections of auditory cortex in marmoset monkeys: lateral belt and parabelt regions. | the current working model of primate auditory cortex is constructed from a number of studies of both new and old world monkeys. it includes three levels of processing. a primary level, the core region, is surrounded both medially and laterally by a secondary belt region. a third level of processing, the parabelt region, is located lateral to the belt. the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus jacchus) has become an important model system to study auditory processing, but its anatomical organizatio ... | 2012 | 22461313 |
| microrna regulation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice and marmosets resembles regulation in human multiple sclerosis lesions. | here we demonstrate that mirna regulation in marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and c57/bl6 mouse eae lesions largely resembles mirna regulation in active human ms lesions. detailed quantitative pcr analyses of the most up- and downregulated mirnas of active human ms lesions in dissected lesions from marmoset eae brains and inflamed spinal cords of eae mice revealed that the conserved and highly regulated mirnas, mirna-155, mirna-142-3p, mirna-146a, mirna-146b and mirna-21, turned out to be similarly ... | 2012 | 22445295 |
| misleading and reliable markers to differentiate between primate testis-derived multipotent stromal cells and spermatogonia in culture. | several studies have reported the generation of spermatogonia-derived pluripotent stem cells from human testes. the initial aim of the present study was the derivation of equivalent stem cells from an established and experimentally accessible non-human primate model, the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). however, an essential prerequisite in the absence of transgenic reporters in primates and man is the availability of validated endogenous markers for the identification of specific ce ... | 2012 | 22442249 |
| quantitative molecular assessment of chimerism across tissues in marmosets and tamarins. | marmosets are playing an increasingly large and important role in biomedical research. they share genetic, anatomical, and physiological similarities with humans and other primate model species, but their smaller sizes, reproductive efficiency, and amenability to genetic manipulation offer an added practicality. while their unique biology can be exploited to provide insights into disease and function, it is also important that researchers are aware of the differences that exist between marmosets ... | 2012 | 22429831 |
| [hepatocyte growth factor therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the death of upper and lower motor neurons. approximately 20% of familial als cases are caused by mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 (sod1) gene. we generated rats that express a human sod1 transgene with two different als-associated mutations and found that these rats develop remarkable motor neuron degeneration and paralysis. this rat model, because of the larger size of the animals as compar ... | 2012 | 22402718 |
| lead optimization of 17β-hsd1 inhibitors of the (hydroxyphenyl)naphthol sulfonamide type for the treatment of endometriosis. | the reduction of estrone to estradiol, the most potent estrogen in human, is catalyzed by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-hsd1). a promising approach for the treatment of estrogen-dependent diseases is the reduction of intracellular estradiol formation by inhibition of 17β-hsd1. for the species-specific optimization of the (hydroxyphenyl)naphthols, a combinatorial approach was applied and enhanced by a focused synthesis that resulted in the aromatic-substituted (hydroxyphenyl)naphth ... | 2012 | 22380653 |
| mercury in the spinal cord after inhalation of mercury. | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) affects anterior horn cells of the spinal cord causing an indolent slow and steady deterioration of muscle strength leading inevitably to death in respiratory failure. als is a model condition for neurodegenerative disorders. exposure to different agents dispersed in the environment has been suggested to cause neurodegeneration but no convincing evidence for such a link has yet been presented. respiratory exposure to metallic mercury (hg(0)) from different sou ... | 2012 | 22364490 |
| the development of obesity begins at an early age in captive common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | animal models to study the causes and consequences of obesity during infancy in humans would be valuable. in this study, we examine the patterns of fat mass gain from birth to 12 months in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). lean and fat mass was measured by quantitative magnetic resonance at 1, 2, 6, and 12 months for 31 marmosets, 15 considered normal and 16 considered fat (> 14% body fat) at 12 months. animals were fed either the regular colony diet mix or a high-fat variation. subjects cl ... | 2012 | 24006544 |
| effect of luminosity on color discrimination of dichromatic marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | psychophysical data have shown that under mesopic conditions cones and rods can interact, improving color vision. since electrophysiological data have suggested that rods of dichromatic marmosets appear to be active at higher luminance, we aimed to investigate the effect of different levels of sunlight on the foraging abilities of male dichromatic marmosets. captive marmosets were observed under three different conditions, with respect to their performance in detecting colored food items against ... | 2012 | 22330382 |
| molecular signatures to define spermatogenic cells in common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | germ cell development is a fundamental process required to produce offspring. the developmental program of spermatogenesis has been assumed to be similar among mammals. however, recent studies have revealed differences in the molecular properties of primate germ cells compared with the well-characterized mouse germ cells. this may prevent simple application of rodent insights into higher primates. therefore, thorough investigation of primate germ cells is necessary, as this may lead to the devel ... | 2012 | 22323619 |
| the conclusiveness of less-invasive imaging techniques (computer tomography, x-ray) with regard to their identification of bone diseases in a primate model (callithrix jacchus). | although common marmosets seem to be appropriate animal models to examine bone diseases, no data about the conclusiveness of less-invasive techniques are available. therefore, the aim was to combine different techniques to analyse changes in bone metabolism of common marmosets with bone diseases. | 2012 | 22300635 |
| individual recognition during bouts of antiphonal calling in common marmosets. | many vocalizations are encoded with a diversity of acoustic information about the signal producer. amongst this information content are social categories related to the identity of the caller that are important for determining if and how a signal receiver may interact with that individual. here, we employed a novel playback method in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) to test individual recognition during bouts of antiphonal calling. these experiments utilized custom, interactive playback sof ... | 2012 | 22277952 |
| spontaneous alternation behavior in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | whether common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) exhibit spontaneous alternation behavior was examined. marmosets were allowed to explore one of the two arms of a y-shaped maze, and after delays of various lengths, their preference to enter the previously entered or alternate arms was examined. the marmosets showed spontaneous alternation behavior; they preferred to enter the alternate arm after a delay of 2 hours or shorter, but such a preference was lost after a 24-hr delay. the loss of the alter ... | 2013 | 22268554 |
| group service in macaques (macaca fuscata), capuchins (cebus apella) and marmosets (callithrix jacchus): a comparative approach to identifying proactive prosocial motivations. | proactive, that is, spontaneous, prosociality reflects a psychological interest in the welfare of others and has been reported in callitrichid monkeys, capuchin monkeys (cebus apella), and humans, but not in chimpanzees. one explanation for the co-occurrence of proactive prosociality in these species is that it is linked to shared infant care (cooperative breeding); alternatively, it might merely reflect unusually high social tolerance or be mediated by advanced cognitive abilities. to date, dis ... | 2013 | 22250970 |
| positron emission tomography assessment of 8-oh-dpat-mediated changes in an index of cerebral glucose metabolism in female marmosets. | as part of a larger experiment investigating serotonergic regulation of female marmoset sexual behavior, this study was designed to (1) advance methods for pet imaging of common marmoset monkey brain, (2) measure normalized fdg uptake as an index of local cerebral metabolic rates for glucose, and (3) study changes induced in this index of cerebral glucose metabolism by chronic treatment of female marmosets with a serotonin 1a receptor (5-ht(1a)) agonist. we hypothesized that chronic treatment wi ... | 2012 | 22233732 |
| bifidobacterium reuteri sp. nov., bifidobacterium callitrichos sp. nov., bifidobacterium saguini sp. nov., bifidobacterium stellenboschense sp. nov. and bifidobacterium biavatii sp. nov. isolated from faeces of common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and red-handed tamarin (saguinus midas). | five strains of bifidobacteria were isolated from faeces of a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and a red-handed tamarin (saguinus midas). the five isolates clustered inside the phylogenetic group of the genus bifidobacterium but did not show high sequence similarities between the isolates and to known species in the genus by phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequences. sequence analyses of dnaj1 and hsp60 also indicated their independent phylogenetic positions to each other in the ... | 2012 | 22225994 |
| spontaneous glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | spontaneous progressive nephropathy dominated by glomerular lesions in common marmosets has been reported. however, the histopathologic characteristics, including the relationship between glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions, have not been described in detail. in the present study, the authors examined the histopathologic characteristics of the background renal lesions in common marmosets (3 males and 9 females, 3 to 8 years old). the severity of glomerular lesions was graded into 3 classes ... | 2012 | 22156228 |
| differential hypothalamic secretion of neurocrines in male common marmosets: parental experience effects? | pregnancy and lactation produce a plethora of hormonal changes in females that promote maternal care of offspring. males in the biparental marmoset species (callithrix jacchus) demonstrate high levels of parenting behaviour and express enhanced circulating reproductive hormones. furthermore, these hormonal changes are influenced by paternal experience. to determine whether the paternally experienced male marmoset has altered neurocrine hypothalamic release, as the maternal females does, we exami ... | 2012 | 22070606 |
| analysis of the bone metabolism by quantitative computer tomography and clinical chemistry in a primate model (callithrix jacchus). | common marmosets are widely used as experimental primates; however, little is still known about their bone physiology. therefore, the aim of our study was to analyse body weight, age and bone-specific blood parameters in relation to morphological bone parameters. | 2012 | 22067047 |
| an alternative method of endotracheal intubation of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | endotracheal intubation was carried out in 11 common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). a commercially available tilting stand and a miller laryngoscope blade were used to visualize the larynx. anaesthesia was induced with alphaxalone (10.6 ± 1.6 mg/kg intramuscularly, followed by 3.2 ± 1.2 mg/kg intravenously). the diameter of the proximal trachea easily fitted an endotracheal tube made from readily available material (a 12 g 'over the needle' catheter). once the tip of the endotracheal tube was a ... | 2012 | 22048957 |
| influence of different light intensities on the daily grooming distribution of common marmosets callithrix jacchus. | the daily distribution of autogrooming was evaluated in adult marmosets submitted to different illumination intensities in the light phase of the light-dark cycle. autogrooming and locomotor activity were monitored and the faecal cortisol level assessed as a stress indicator. the distribution of autogrooming showed two distinct tendencies: when the light intensity varied from 500 to 200 lux, a slight increase in frequency and duration was observed, while a significant decrease in both variables ... | 2011 | 21997701 |
| wireless multi-channel single unit recording in freely moving and vocalizing primates. | the ability to record well-isolated action potentials from individual neurons in naturally behaving animals is crucial for understanding neural mechanisms underlying natural behaviors. traditional neurophysiology techniques, however, require the animal to be restrained which often restricts natural behavior. an example is the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a highly vocal new world primate species, used in our laboratory to study the neural correlates of vocal production and sensory feedba ... | 2012 | 21933683 |
| reliability of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | this study examines the test-retest reliability of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (dpoaes) in ketamine-anesthetized common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). dpoae gain functions were measured at 16 f(2)-frequencies between 3 and 24 khz. test-retest reliability was assessed at the following time intervals: (1) interleaved, in which two gain functions were obtained at each frequency before advancing to the next frequency, (2) immediate, wherein one gain function was collected at all f(2)-f ... | 2011 | 21801824 |
| sex identification using the zfx and zfy genes in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | we investigated sex determination via the zfx and zfy genes using pcr-rflp in the common marmoset. we designed a novel primer set to detect zfx and zfy. a 483-bp band from the zfx gene and a 471-bp band from the zfy gene were amplified. sequencing data of the products amplified from zfx and zfy showed the recognition sites of two restriction enzymes, ddei and msei, respectively. after digestion of the products using each enzyme, we found that the band patterns between females and males were diff ... | 2011 | 21791881 |
| do snakes represent the principal predatory threat to callitrichids? fatal attack of a viper (bothrops leucurus) on a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) in the atlantic forest of the brazilian northeast. | a juvenile common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) was attacked by a whitetail lancehead viper (bothrops leucurus) while playing with other group members close to the ground at a site in northeastern brazil. the attack was almost immediately fatal, but the viper was unable to ingest the body of the marmoset. after approximately 10 min, during which it attempted to swallow the marmoset a number of times, the viper moved away, abandoning the body. while raptors are the principal predators of callitri ... | 2011 | 21766229 |
| serotonin at the level of the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex modulates distinct aspects of positive emotion in primates. | impaired top-down regulation of the amygdala, and its modulation by serotonin (5-ht), is strongly implicated in the dysregulation of negative emotion that characterizes a number of affective disorders. however, the contribution of these mechanisms to the regulation of positive emotion is not well understood. this study investigated the role of 5-ht within the amygdala and the orbitofrontal cortex (ofc), on the expression of appetitive pavlovian conditioned emotional responses and their reversal ... | 2012 | 21726490 |
| visualizing myeloarchitecture with magnetic resonance imaging in primates. | the pattern of myelination over the cerebral cortex, termed myeloarchitecture, is an established and often-used feature to visualize cortical organization with histology in a variety of primate species. in this paper, we use in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (mri) and advanced image processing using surface rendering to visualize and characterize myeloarchitecture in a small nonhuman primate, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). through images made in four female adult marmosets, we produc ... | 2011 | 21599695 |
| possible organizational effect of sex steroids on the stabilization of manual preference in female common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | handedness has been widely studied in nonhuman primates. however, few studies investigate this behavior throughout ontogenetic development. to determine the influence of developmental stage in common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) females, we used six animals, which were observed in food-reaching tests involving hand-use preference from the infantile to the adult phase. during this period, fecal samples were collected for sexual hormone analysis (estrogen and progesterone). the results point to c ... | 2011 | 21553197 |
| a case report of spontaneous opening of congenitally fused labia in a female common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) followed by pregnancy and birth of twins. | a first case of spontaneous opening of congenitally fused labia (cfl phenotype) in a captive common marmoset followed by pregnancy and birth is presented here. the occurrence of this phenotype has been previously published in captive marmosets, but so far the etiology is unknown. | 2011 | 21488885 |
| synaptic inputs to two types of koniocellular pathway ganglion cells in marmoset retina. | the retinal connectivity of the diverse group of cells contributing to koniocellular visual pathways (widefield ganglion cells) is largely unexplored. here we examined the synaptic inputs onto two koniocellular-projecting ganglion cell types named large sparse and broad thorny cells. ganglion cells were labeled by retrograde tracer injections targeted to koniocellular layer k3 in the lateral geniculate nucleus in marmosets (callithrix jacchus) and subsequently photofilled. retinal preparations w ... | 2011 | 21452222 |
| the marmoset as a model of aging and age-related diseases. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is poised to become a standard nonhuman primate aging model. with an average lifespan of 5 to 7 years and a maximum lifespan of 16½ years, marmosets are the shortest-lived anthropoid primates. they display age-related changes in pathologies that mirror those seen in humans, such as cancer, amyloidosis, diabetes, and chronic renal disease. they also display predictable age-related differences in lean mass, calf circumference, circulating albumin, hemoglobi ... | 2011 | 21411858 |
| a comparison of the imaging performance of high resolution ultrasound scanners for preclinical imaging. | nine ultrasound transducers from six ultrasound scanners were assessed for their utility for preclinical ultrasound imaging. the transducers were: l8-16, l10-22 (diasus; dynamic imaging ltd., livingston, uk); l17-5, l15-7io (iu22; philips, seattle, wa, usa), hfl38/13-6 (micromaxx; sonosite inc., bothell, wa, usa); il3lv (vivid 5; ge, fairfield, ct, usa), rmv 704 (vevo 770; visualsonics inc., toronto, canada) and ms550s, ms550d (vevo 2100; visualsonics inc.). a quantitative analysis of the ultras ... | 2011 | 21256667 |
| differential contribution of dietary fat and monosaccharide to metabolic syndrome in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | there is a critical need for animal models to study aspects type 2 diabetes (t2d) pathogenesis and prevention. while the rhesus macaque is such an established model, the common marmoset has added benefits including reduced zoonotic risks, shorter life span, and a predisposition to birth twins demonstrating chimerism. the marmoset as a model organism for the study of metabolic syndrome has not been fully evaluated. marmosets fed high-fat or glucose-enriched diets were followed longitudinally to o ... | 2011 | 21164504 |
| differential endocrine responses to infant odors in common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) fathers. | olfactory cues can exert priming effects on many mammalian species. paternally experienced marmosets, callithrix jacchus, exposed to direct isolated olfactory contact with their own infant's scent show rapid decreases in testosterone levels within 20 min, whereas paternally inexperienced males do not. the following study tests whether there is a differential steroid response to exposure of infant scent from dependent infants (own and novel) and independent infants (own and novel). we examined th ... | 2011 | 21145893 |
| bipolar input to melanopsin containing ganglion cells in primate retina. | two morphological types of melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells have been described in primate retina. both types show intrinsic light responses as well as rod- and cone-driven on-type responses. outer stratifying cells have their dendrites close to the inner nuclear layer (off sublamina); inner stratifying cells have their dendrites close to the ganglion cell layer (on sublamina). both inner and outer stratifying cells receive synaptic input via ribbon synapses, but the bipolar cell types provi ... | 2011 | 20950505 |
| zonisamide attenuates mptp neurotoxicity in marmosets. | mptp (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) induces parkinsonism in humans and animals. the effects of zonisamide on dopamine neurons were studied in mptp-treated common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). groups of animals (n = 3) were treated with mptp (2.5 mg/kg, every 24 h x 3); mptp plus zonisamide (40 mg/kg administered 1 h before each mptp dose); mptp plus selegiline (a known mao-b inhibitor) (2 mg/kg administered 1 h before each mptp dose); and saline controls. an immunohistochemical ... | 2010 | 20948167 |
| comparison of racemic ketamine versus (s+) ketamine when combined with midazolam for anesthesia of callithrix jacchus and callithrix penicillata. | ten common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) and 10 black-tufted marmosets (callithrix penicillata) were immobilized to compare the anesthetic effects of racemic ketamine and (s+) ketamine in combination with midazolam. the animals were distributed into four groups: five common marmosets (group cjr) and five black-tufted marmosets (group cpr) received 9.8 +/- 1.4 mg/kg of racemic ketamine, and five common marmosets (group cjs) and five black-tufted marmosets (group cps) received 10.4 +/- 1.6 mg/kg ... | 2010 | 20945634 |
| differences in social and vocal behavior between left- and right-handed common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) show either a left- or right-hand preference for reaching to pick up food and they retain the same preference throughout adult life. we compared the behavior of 10 right-handed and 10 left-handed marmosets, matched for age and sex. they were presented with live crickets both when alone and when in their social group. the marmosets captured more crickets and the latency to capture the first cricket was shorter when they were in a group than when they were alo ... | 2010 | 20853949 |
| ocular wavefront aberrations in the common marmoset callithrix jacchus: effects of age and refractive error. | the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus, is a primate model for emmetropization studies. the refractive development of the marmoset eye depends on visual experience, so knowledge of the optical quality of the eye is valuable. we report on the wavefront aberrations of the marmoset eye, measured with a clinical hartmann-shack aberrometer (coas, amo wavefront sciences). aberrations were measured on both eyes of 23 marmosets whose ages ranged from 18 to 452 days. twenty-one of the subjects were memb ... | 2010 | 20800078 |
| influence of seasonality on circadian motor activity rhythm in common marmosets during puberty. | the effect of puberty on circadian rhythmicity in nonhuman primates has been little studied, even though it has been demonstrated that puberty-related changes in circadian activity rhythm occur in a number of species, including humans. to characterize the motor activity rhythm during puberty in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), six animals was continuously monitored by actimeters between their 5th and 12th months of age. the animals were housed with their families in outdoor cages under sem ... | 2010 | 20795884 |
| finite element analysis of performance in the skulls of marmosets and tamarins. | reliance on plant exudates is a relatively rare dietary specialization among mammals. one well-studied example of closely related exudate feeders is the new world marmosets and tamarins. whereas marmosets actively gouge tree bark with their incisors to stimulate the flow of sap, tamarins are opportunistic exudate feeders that do not gouge bark. several studies of the dentaries and jaw adductors indicate that marmosets exhibit specializations for increased gape at the expense of bite force. few s ... | 2011 | 20572898 |
| development of infant common marmosets' (callithrix jacchus) preference for their parents over adults from another group. | parent-offspring attachment is important for animals which have offspring that require parental care for their development. infant attachment to the mother has been examined in macaques, but it remains poorly understood in common marmosets. here, we examined the abilities of 14 common marmoset infants to show preference for their parents over adults from another group at the ages of 4, 10, and 15 weeks. each infant was exposed to its parent and an adult from another group in an i-shaped maze. al ... | 2011 | 20567877 |
| the communicative content of the common marmoset phee call during antiphonal calling. | vocalizations are a dominant means of communication for numerous species, including nonhuman primates. these acoustic signals are encoded with a rich array of information available to signal receivers that can be used to guide species-typical behaviors. in this study, we examined the communicative content of common marmoset phee calls, the species-typical long distance contact call, during antiphonal calling. this call type has a relatively stereotyped acoustic structure, consisting of a series ... | 2010 | 20549761 |
| the timing of administration, dose dependence and efficacy of dopa decarboxylase inhibitors on the reversal of motor disability produced by l-dopa in the mptp-treated common marmoset. | dopa decarboxylase inhibitors are routinely used to potentiate the effects of l-dopa in the treatment of parkinson's disease. however, neither in clinical use nor in experimental models of parkinson's disease have the timing and dose of dopa decarboxylase inhibitors been thoroughly explored. we now report on the choice of dopa decarboxylase inhibitors, dose and the time of dosing relationships of carbidopa, benserazide and l-alpha-methyl dopa (l-amd) in potentiating the effects of l-dopa in the ... | 2010 | 20303948 |
| time course of vocal modulation during isolation in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | common marmosets vocalize phee calls as isolation calls, which seem to facilitate their reunion with family groups. to identify multiple acoustic properties with different time courses, we examined acoustic modulations of phees during different social contexts of isolation. subject marmosets were totally isolated in one condition, were visually isolated and could exchange vocalizations in another condition, and were visually isolated and subsequently totally isolated in a third condition. we rec ... | 2010 | 20301139 |
| severe intragroup aggressions in captive common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | members of captive colonies of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), a small new world primate, can occasionally be victims of repeated, and potentially fatal, attacks by a family-mate. this study examined the records of a colony, looking for past instances of such aggressions. the aim was to better understand the possible causes underlying this phenomenon and to identify variables that could minimize their occurrence. the results showed that both males and females behaved as aggressors at the ... | 2009 | 20183475 |
| sensitivity of common marmosets to detect drug-induced qt interval prolongation: moxifloxacin case study. | moxifloxacin is the most widely used positive reference agent in clinical cardiac repolarization studies, but it has not been characterized in common marmosets which are uniquely suited to studies in early-stage development due to their small size and minimal test article requirements. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of the common marmoset to detect moxifloxacin-associated qt interval prolongation. | 2014 | 20097298 |
| within-session changes in licking as a function of sucrose concentration in common marmosets. | common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) were allowed to lick sucrose solutions freely in 30-min sessions. we examined how the rate of licking changed in the course of a session and how the pattern of changes was affected by different concentrations (1%, 5%, and 25%) of solutions. the results showed that licking rates decreased monotonically regardless of the concentrations and that the decreasing patterns could be reasonably explained by exponential functions. the rates of decrease were slowest fo ... | 2010 | 20035844 |
| preimplantation development of somatic cell cloned embryos in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the somatic cell nuclear transfer technique has been applied to various mammals to produce cloned animals; however, a standardized method is not applicable to all species. we aimed here to develop optimum procedures for somatic cell cloning in nonhuman primates, using common marmosets. first, we confirmed that parthenogenetic activation of in vitro matured oocytes was successfully induced by electrical stimulation (three cycles of 150 v/mm, 50 microsec x 2, 20 min intervals), and this condition ... | 2009 | 20025525 |
| the morphology of the masticatory apparatus facilitates muscle force production at wide jaw gapes in tree-gouging common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) generate wide jaw gapes when gouging trees with their anterior teeth to elicit tree exudate flow. closely related cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) do not gouge trees but share similar diets including exudates. maximizing jaw opening theoretically compromises the bite forces that marmosets can generate during gouging. to investigate how jaw-muscle architecture and craniofacial position impact muscle performance during gouging, we combine skull and jaw-m ... | 2009 | 19946083 |
| motor planning for vocal production in common marmosets. | the vocal motor plan is one of the most fundamental and poorly understood elements of primate vocal production. here we tested whether a single vocal motor plan comprises the full length of a vocalization. we hypothesized that if a single motor plan was determined at vocal onset, the acoustic features early in the call should be predictive of the subsequent call structure. analyses were performed on two classes of features in marmoset phee calls: continuous and discrete. we first generated corre ... | 2009 | 23997242 |
| synaptic inputs onto small bistratified (blue-on/yellow-off) ganglion cells in marmoset retina. | the inner plexiform layer of the retina contains functional subdivisions, which segregate on and off type light responses. here, we studied quantitatively the on and off synaptic input to small bistratified (blue-on/yellow-off) ganglion cells in marmosets (callithrix jacchus). small bistratified cells display an extensive inner dendritic tier that receives blue-on input from short-wavelength-sensitive (s) cones via blue cone bipolar cells. the outer dendritic tier is sparse and is thought to rec ... | 2009 | 19830807 |
| experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the common marmoset, a bridge between rodent eae and multiple sclerosis for immunotherapy development. | the attrition rate of new drugs for central nervous system diseases including multiple sclerosis (ms) is very high. a widely recognized bottleneck in the selection of promising central nervous system drug candidates from the development pipeline is the lack of sufficiently predictive animal models. here, we review how the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) model in the neotropical primate "common marmoset" can help to bridge the gap between rodent eae models and ms. the eae model in ... | 2010 | 19826959 |
| the dopamine d(2) receptor partial agonist aplindore improves motor deficits in mptp-treated common marmosets alone and combined with l-dopa. | dopamine replacement therapy in parkinson's disease (pd) using l-dopa is invariably associated with a loss of drug efficacy ("wearing off") and the onset of dyskinesia. the use of dopamine receptor partial agonists might improve therapeutic benefit without increased dyskinesia expression but may antagonise the effects of l-dopa. we now examine the effects of the novel high affinity, dopamine d(2) receptor partial agonist, aplindore alone and in combination with l-dopa in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, ... | 2010 | 19809864 |
| gene expression profiles in the common marmoset brain determined using a newly developed common marmoset-specific dna microarray. | to facilitate common marmoset brain research, we produced a dna microarray with 7557 probe sets derived from the common marmoset brain. gene expression profiles in the frontal lobe, hippocampus, cerebellum and amygdaloid nucleus were then analyzed and the top 100 probe sets expressed in each structure were compared. the three lists for the frontal lobe, hippocampus and amygdaloid nucleus were very similar but the probe sets for the cerebellum demonstrated specific differences. some of the genes ... | 2010 | 19808062 |
| expression of catechol-o-methyltransferase in the brain and periphery of normal and mptp-treated common marmosets. | catechol-o-methyltransferase (comt) inhibition is widely used to potentiate the effects of levodopa in parkinson's disease but the effects of nigral dopaminergic cell loss and levodopa treatment on comt activity are not known. the present study investigated the expression of comt in the brain and liver of normal common marmosets, and animals treated with mptp and those treated with levodopa to induce dyskinesia. reverse transcript pcr demonstrated the expression of comt mrna in the liver, cortex ... | 2010 | 19771390 |
| digestion in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a gummivore-frugivore. | wild common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) feed on fruits, insects, and gums, all of which provide different digestive challenges. much of the ingested mass of fruits consists of seeds. in general, seeds represent indigestible bulk to marmosets and could inhibit feeding if they are not eliminated rapidly. in contrast, gums are beta-linked polysaccharides that require microbial fermentation. their digestion would benefit from an extended residence time within the gut. earlier research found that ... | 2009 | 19725117 |
| stereo navi 2.0: software for stereotaxic surgery of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | recently, we reported our web-accessible digital brain atlas of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) at http://marmoset-brain.org:2008. using digital images obtained during construction of this website, we developed stand-alone software for navigation of electrodes or injection needles for stereotaxic electrophysiological or anatomical experiments in vivo. this software enables us to draw lines on exchangeable section images, measure the length and angle of lines, superimpose a stereotaxic r ... | 2009 | 19682507 |
| prolactin's mediative role in male parenting in parentally experienced marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | prolactin has been implicated in promoting paternal care behaviors but little evidence of causality has been found to date except for birds and fish. this study was designed to examine the possible causal relationships between prolactin and male parenting behaviors, reproductive hormones, and physical changes in cooperatively breeding common marmosets, callithrix jacchus. fifteen parentally experienced fathers were studied over three consecutive infant care periods during two weeks prior and thr ... | 2009 | 19664636 |