| severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in patients suspected of having scrub typhus. | to determine prevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in south korea, we examined serum samples from patients with fever and insect bite history in scrub typhus-endemic areas. during the 2013 scrub typhus season, prevalence of this syndrome among patients suspected of having scrub typhus was high (23.0%), suggesting possible co-infection. | 0 | 27767909 |
| rift valley fever virus nss protein functions and the similarity to other bunyavirus nss proteins. | rift valley fever is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that affects both ruminants and humans. the nonstructural (ns) protein, which is a major virulence factor for rift valley fever virus (rvfv), is encoded on the s-segment. through the cullin 1-skp1-fbox e3 ligase complex, the nss protein promotes the degradation of at least two host proteins, the tfiih p62 and the pkr proteins. nss protein bridges the fbox protein with subsequent substrates, and facilitates the transfer of ubiquitin. the sap3 ... | 2016 | 27368371 |
| severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus antigen detection using monoclonal antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein. | severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is a tick-borne infectious disease with a high case fatality rate, and is caused by the sfts virus (sftsv). sfts is endemic to china, south korea, and japan. the viral rna level in sera of patients with sfts is known to be strongly associated with outcomes. virological sfts diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity are required in disease endemic areas. | 2016 | 27045364 |
| temporal gene expression analysis and rna silencing of single and multiple members of gene family in the lone star tick amblyomma americanum. | saliva is an integral factor in the feeding success of veterinary and medically important ticks. therefore, the characterization of the proteins present in tick saliva is an important area of tick research. here, we confirmed previously generated sialotranscriptome data using quantitative real-time pcr. the information obtained in this in-depth study of gene expression was used to measure the effects of metalloprotease gene silencing on tick feeding. we analyzed the temporal expression of seven ... | 2016 | 26872360 |
| in vitro mode of action and anti-thrombotic activity of boophilin, a multifunctional kunitz protease inhibitor from the midgut of a tick vector of babesiosis, rhipicephalus microplus. | hematophagous mosquitos and ticks avoid host hemostatic system through expression of enzyme inhibitors targeting proteolytic reactions of the coagulation and complement cascades. while most inhibitors characterized to date were found in the salivary glands, relatively few others have been identified in the midgut. among those, boophilin is a 2-kunitz multifunctional inhibitor targeting thrombin, elastase, and kallikrein. however, the kinetics of boophilin interaction with these enzymes, how it m ... | 2016 | 26745503 |
| a national assessment of the epidemiology of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, china. | first discovered in rural areas of middle-eastern china in 2009, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is an emerging tick-borne zoonosis affecting hundreds of cases reported in china each year. using the national surveillance data from 2010 to 2013, we conducted this retrospective epidemiological study and risk assessment of sfts in china. we found that the incidence of sfts and its epidemic areas are continuing to grow, but the case fatality rate (cfr) has steadily decreased. sfts ... | 2015 | 25902910 |
| inducible expression of mu-class glutathione s-transferases is associated with fenpropathrin resistance in tetranychus cinnabarinus. | the carmine spider mite, tetranychus cinnabarinus (boisduval), is a serious pest on a variety of economically important crops widely distributed in china, and its resistance to acaricides has quickly developed. in this study, we fully sequenced 13 gst genes of t. cinnabarinus (tcgsts). the phylogenetic tree showed that five of them belonged to the delta class and the other eight belonged to the mu class. the alignment of gene sequences and comparison of gene expressions between a fenpropathrin-r ... | 2014 | 25493473 |
| risk factors for bunyavirus-associated severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, china. | severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is an emerging disease that is caused by a novel bunyavirus, referred to as sfts virus. during january 2011 to december 2011 we conducted a case-control study in henan, hubei and shandong provinces of china to determine the risk factors for sfts. | 2014 | 25330383 |
| the evolutionary history and spatiotemporal dynamics of the fever, thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia syndrome virus (ftlsv) in china. | in 2007, a novel bunyavirus was found in henan province, china and named fever, thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia syndrome virus (ftlsv); since then, ftlsv has been found in ticks and animals in many chinese provinces. human-to-human transmission has been documented, indicating that ftlsv should be considered a potential public health threat. determining the historical spread of ftlsv could help curtail its spread and prevent future movement of this virus. | 2014 | 25329580 |
| emerging phleboviruses. | the bunyavidae family is the largest grouping of rna viruses and arguably the most diverse. bunyaviruses have a truly global distribution and can infect vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. the majority of bunyaviruses are vectored by arthropods and thus have the remarkable capability to replicate in hosts of disparate phylogeny. the family has provided many examples of emerging viruses including sin nombre and related viruses responsible for hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the americas ... | 2014 | 24607799 |
| systematic review of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: virology, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics. | severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) was firstly discovered in china in 2010, followed by several reports from many other countries worldwide. sfts virus (sftsv) has been identified as the causative agent of the disease and has been recognized as a public health threat. this novel bunyavirus belongs to the phlebovirus genus in the family bunyaviridae. this review also describes the different aspects of virology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical symptoms on the basis of the ... | 2013 | 24310908 |
| characterization and evaluation of a sarcoptes scabiei allergen as a candidate vaccine. | sarcoptic mange caused by the mite sarcoptes scabiei is a worldwide disease affecting both humans and animals. here we report the molecular characterization and evaluation of a recombinant s. scabiei tropomyosin (sstm) protein in a vaccination trial in rabbits. | 2012 | 22897929 |
| the modulation of the symbiont/host interaction between wolbachia pipientis and aedes fluviatilis embryos by glycogen metabolism. | wolbachia pipientis, a maternally transmitted bacterium that colonizes arthropods, may affect the general aspects of insect physiology, particularly reproduction. wolbachia is a natural endosymbiont of aedes fluviatilis, whose effects in embryogenesis and reproduction have not been addressed so far. in this context, we investigated the correlation between glucose metabolism and morphological alterations during a. fluviatilis embryo development in wolbachia-positive (w+) and wolbachia-negative (w ... | 2014 | 24926801 |
| germ band retraction as a landmark in glucose metabolism during aedes aegypti embryogenesis. | the mosquito a. aegypti is vector of dengue and other viruses. new methods of vector control are needed and can be achieved by a better understanding of the life cycle of this insect. embryogenesis is a part of a. aegypty life cycle that is poorly understood. in insects in general and in mosquitoes in particular energetic metabolism is well studied during oogenesis, when the oocyte exhibits fast growth, accumulating carbohydrates, lipids and proteins that will meet the regulatory and metabolic n ... | 2010 | 20184739 |
| mosquito larvicidal activity of silver nanoparticles synthesised using actinobacterium, streptomyces sp. m25 against anopheles subpictus, culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti. | the present work reports the larvicidal potential of microbially synthesised silver nanoparticles (agnps) by using an actinobacterium, streptomyces sp. m25 isolated from western ghats, tamil nadu, india. the biomass of streptomyces sp. was exposed to 1 mm silver nitrate (agno3) solution. the synthesis of agnps was confirmed by visual inspection followed by instrumental analysis such as uv-vis spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (xrd), energy dispersive x-ray ... | 2013 | 26688633 |
| integrated strategy for sustainable cattle fever tick eradication in usa is required to mitigate the impact of global change. | the ticks rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus and r. (b.) microplus, commonly known as cattle and southern cattle tick, respectively, impede the development and sustainability of livestock industries throughout tropical and other world regions. they affect animal productivity and wellbeing directly through their obligate blood-feeding habit and indirectly by serving as vectors of the infectious agents causing bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis. the monumental scientific discovery of certain arth ... | 2012 | 22712018 |
| functional expression of an arachnid sodium channel reveals residues responsible for tetrodotoxin resistance in invertebrate sodium channels. | tetrodotoxin (ttx) is a potent blocker of voltage-gated sodium channels, but not all sodium channels are equally sensitive to inhibition by ttx. the molecular basis of differential ttx sensitivity of mammalian sodium channels has been largely elucidated. in contrast, our knowledge about the sensitivity of invertebrate sodium channels to ttx remains poor, in part because of limited success in functional expression of these channels. in this study, we report the functional characterization in xeno ... | 2009 | 19828457 |
| insects for breakfast and whales for dinner: the diet and body condition of dingoes on fraser island (k'gari). | top-predators play stabilising roles in island food webs, including fraser island, australia. subsidising generalist predators with human-sourced food could disrupt this balance, but has been proposed to improve the overall health of the island's dingo (canis lupus dingo) population, which is allegedly 'starving' or in 'poor condition'. we assess this hypothesis by describing the diet and health of dingoes on fraser island from datasets collected between 2001 and 2015. medium-sized mammals (such ... | 2016 | 27009879 |
| non-invasive delivery of dsrna into de-waxed tick eggs by electroporation. | rna interference-mediated gene silencing was shown to be an efficient tool for validation of targets that may become anti-tick vaccine components. here, we demonstrate the application of this approach in the validation of components of molecular signaling cascades, such as the protein kinase b (akt)/glycogen synthase kinase (gsk) axis during tick embryogenesis. it was shown that heptane and hypochlorite treatment of tick eggs can remove wax, affecting corium integrity and but not embryo developm ... | 2015 | 26091260 |
| non-classical gluconeogenesis-dependent glucose metabolism in rhipicephalus microplus embryonic cell line bme26. | in this work we evaluated several genes involved in gluconeogenesis, glycolysis and glycogen metabolism, the major pathways for carbohydrate catabolism and anabolism, in the bme26 rhipicephalus microplus embryonic cell line. genetic and catalytic control of the genes and enzymes associated with these pathways are modulated by alterations in energy resource availability (primarily glucose). bme26 cells in media were investigated using three different glucose concentrations, and changes in the tra ... | 2015 | 25594873 |
| tri-domain bifunctional inhibitor of metallocarboxypeptidases a and serine proteases isolated from marine annelid sabellastarte magnifica. | this study describes a novel bifunctional metallocarboxypeptidase and serine protease inhibitor (smci) isolated from the tentacle crown of the annelid sabellastarte magnifica. smci is a 165-residue glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 19.69 kda (mass spectrometry) and 18 cysteine residues forming nine disulfide bonds. its cdna was cloned and sequenced by rt-pcr and nested pcr using degenerated oligonucleotides. employing this information along with data derived from automatic edman degradation ... | 2012 | 22411994 |
| an ixodes scapularis cell line with a predominantly neuron-like phenotype. | the ixodes scapularis embryo-derived cell line ise6 is the most widely utilized tick-derived cell line due to its susceptibility to a wide variety of tick- and non-tick-vectored pathogens. little is known about its tissue origin or biological background. protein expression of ise6 cells was compared with that of another i. scapularis-derived cell line, ide12, and dissected tick synganglia. results demonstrated the presence of a neuronal marker protein, type 3 β-tubulin, in all three samples, as ... | 2015 | 25894426 |
| in vitro evaluation of ethanolic extracts of ageratum conyzoides and artemisia absinthium against cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus. | in vitro efficacy of ethanolic extracts obtained from the aerial parts of ageratum conyzoides and artemisia absinthium was assessed on rhipicephalus microplus using adult immersion test (ait). five concentrations of the extract (1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) with three replications for each concentration were used in the bioassay. in ait, the maximum mortality was recorded as 40% and 66.7% at 20% concentration for a. conyzoides and a. absinthium, respectively. acaricidal activity was found to b ... | 2014 | 25525626 |
| natural babesia bovis infection in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) and crossbred cattle under field conditions in egypt: a preliminary study. | there is a little or no data available on the natural babesia bovis (b. bovis) infection in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) comparing to the available one for cattle. this study was conducted to investigate the natural b. bovis infection in water buffaloes in comparison to crossbred cattle under field conditions in egypt. | 2013 | 25629060 |
| an amino acid substitution (l925v) associated with resistance to pyrethroids in varroa destructor. | the varroa mite, varroa destructor, is an important pest of honeybees and has played a prominent role in the decline in bee colony numbers over recent years. although pyrethroids such as tau-fluvalinate and flumethrin can be highly effective in removing the mites from hives, their intensive use has led to many reports of resistance. to investigate the mechanism of resistance in uk varroa samples, the transmembrane domain regions of the v. destructor voltage-gated sodium channel (the main target ... | 2013 | 24367572 |
| the global invertebrate genomics alliance (giga): developing community resources to study diverse invertebrate genomes. | over 95% of all metazoan (animal) species comprise the "invertebrates," but very few genomes from these organisms have been sequenced. we have, therefore, formed a "global invertebrate genomics alliance" (giga). our intent is to build a collaborative network of diverse scientists to tackle major challenges (e.g., species selection, sample collection and storage, sequence assembly, annotation, analytical tools) associated with genome/transcriptome sequencing across a large taxonomic spectrum. we ... | 0 | 24336862 |
| primitive atp-activated p2x receptors: discovery, function and pharmacology. | adenosine 5-triphosphate (atp) is omnipresent in biology. it is therefore no surprise that organisms have evolved multifaceted roles for atp, exploiting its abundance and restriction of passive diffusion across biological membranes. a striking role is the emergence of atp as a bona fide transmitter molecule, whereby the movement of atp across membranes serves as a chemical message through a direct ligand-receptor interaction. p2x receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast response ... | 2013 | 24367292 |
| proteomics approach to the study of cattle tick adaptation to white tailed deer. | cattle ticks, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, are a serious threat to animal health and production. some ticks feed on a single host species while others such as r. microplus infest multiple hosts. white tailed deer (wtd) play a role in the maintenance and expansion of cattle tick populations. however, cattle ticks fed on wtd show lower weight and reproductive performance when compared to ticks fed on cattle, suggesting the existence of host factors that affect tick feeding and reproduction ... | 2013 | 24364032 |
| global distribution of bartonella infections in domestic bovine and characterization of bartonella bovis strains using multi-locus sequence typing. | bartonella bovis is commonly detected in cattle. one b. bovis strain was recently isolated from a cow with endocarditis in the usa, suggesting its role as an animal pathogen. in the present study, we investigated bartonella infections in 893 cattle from five countries (kenya, thailand, japan, georgia, and guatemala) and 103 water buffaloes from thailand to compare the prevalence of the infection among different regions and different bovid hosts. we developed a multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) ... | 2013 | 24278342 |
| flybase 102--advanced approaches to interrogating flybase. | flybase (http://flybase.org) is the leading website and database of drosophila genes and genomes. whether you are using the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster as an experimental system or wish to understand drosophila biological knowledge in relation to human disease or to other model systems, flybase can help you successfully find the information you are looking for. here, we demonstrate some of our more advanced searching systems and highlight some of our new tools for searching the wealth of d ... | 2013 | 24234449 |
| demographic fitness of belminus ferroae (hemiptera: triatominae) on three different hosts under laboratory conditions. | triatominae are widely recognised for their role as vectors of trypanosoma cruzi. one of the main biological characteristics of this subfamily is their obligate haematophagous condition. however, previous studies on belminus herreri and belminus ferroae suggested that cockroaches are their principal hosts in domiciles. due to this peculiar behaviour, the aim of this study was to analyse several demographic and reproductive parameters of b. ferroae fed on three different hosts (mice, cockroaches ... | 0 | 24141961 |
| identification and structural-functional analysis of cyclin-dependent kinases of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) are a family of serine/threonine kinases essential for cell cycle progression. herein, we describe the participation of cdks in the physiology of rhipicephalus microplus, the southern cattle tick and an important disease vector. firstly, amino acid sequences homologous with cdks of other organisms were identified from a r. microplus transcriptome database in silico. the analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of cdk1 and cdk10 from r. microplus showed that bo ... | 2013 | 24146826 |
| mutation in the rmβaor gene is associated with amitraz resistance in the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus. | we aimed to describe the evolution of resistance to amitraz in rhipicephalus microplus in the field and to test the association between amitraz resistance and the frequency of a mutation in the β-adrenergic octopamine receptor gene (rmβaor). we established six populations of rhipicephalus microplus ticks in similar paddocks by the admixture of ticks from strains known to be susceptible and resistant to amitraz and synthetic pyrethroids. each population was managed using one of three acaricide tr ... | 2013 | 24082133 |
| the predicted secretome and transmembranome of the poultry red mite dermanyssus gallinae. | the worldwide distributed hematophagous poultry red mite dermanyssus gallinae (de geer, 1778) is one of the most important pests of poultry. even though 35 acaricide compounds are available, control of d. gallinae remains difficult due to acaricide resistances as well as food safety regulations. the current study was carried out to identify putative excretory/secretory (pes) proteins of d. gallinae since these proteins play an important role in the host-parasite interaction and therefore represe ... | 2013 | 24020355 |
| prevalence of ixodid ticks in dairy animals of jammu region. | to determine the prevalence of ticks, 960 bovines (cattle 480, buffaloes 480) were examined from organised and unorganised dairy units of jammu district during march 2012 to february 2013. the overall infestation rate was found to be 42.18 %. the infestation rate in cattle was found to be 47.08 % while 37.29 % of examined buffaloes were infested with ixodid ticks. among the ixodid ticks, only one species i.e. rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus was recorded. a significantly (p < 0.05) higher pre ... | 2013 | 26345044 |
| inorganic polyphosphates regulate hexokinase activity and reactive oxygen species generation in mitochondria of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus embryo. | the physiological roles of polyphosphates (poly p) recently found in arthropod mitochondria remain obscure. here, the possible involvement of poly p with reactive oxygen species generation in mitochondria of rhipicephalus microplus embryos was investigated. mitochondrial hexokinase and scavenger antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase were assayed during embryogenesis of r. microplus. the influence of poly p₃ and poly p₁₅ were analyzed during the pe ... | 2013 | 23983617 |
| expression of a gaba(b) - receptor in olfactory sensory neurons of sensilla trichodea on the male antenna of the moth heliothis virescens. | in the olfactory pathway of drosophila, a gabab receptor mediated presynaptic gain control mechanism at the first synapse between olfactory sensory neurons (osns) and projection neurons has been suggested to play a critical role in setting the sensitivity and detection range of the sensory system. to approach the question if such a mechanism may be realized in the pheromone recognition system of male moths in this study attempts were made to explore if moth's pheromone-responsive cells express a ... | 2013 | 23904795 |
| malathion resistance in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus from ludhiana district, punjab. | the resistance status of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from noorpur bet village of ludhiana district, punjab was evaluated against malathion by adult immersion test. the adult female ticks showed an upward trend in the mortality percentage with increase in drug concentration. the regression graph of probit mortality of ticks plotted against log values of progressively increasing concentrations of malathion was utilized for the determination of slope of mortality (95 % confidence ... | 2013 | 25320479 |
| glycogen and glucose metabolism are essential for early embryonic development of the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum. | control of energy metabolism is an essential process for life. in insects, egg formation (oogenesis) and embryogenesis is dependent on stored molecules deposited by the mother or transcribed later by the zygote. in oviparous insects the egg becomes an isolated system after egg laying with all energy conversion taking place during embryogenesis. previous studies in a few vector species showed a strong correlation of key morphogenetic events and changes in glucose metabolism. here, we investigate ... | 2013 | 23750237 |
| the venus kinase receptor (vkr) family: structure and evolution. | receptor tyrosine kinases (rtk) form a family of transmembrane proteins widely conserved in metazoa, with key functions in cell-to-cell communication and control of multiple cellular processes. a new family of rtk named venus kinase receptor (vkr) has been described in invertebrates. the vkr receptor possesses a venus fly trap (vft) extracellular module, a bilobate structure that binds small ligands to induce receptor kinase activity. vkr was shown to be highly expressed in the larval stages and ... | 2013 | 23721482 |
| purification and studies on characteristics of cholinesterases from daphnia magna. | due to their significant value in both economy and ecology, daphnia had long been employed to investigate in vivo response of cholinesterase (che) in anticholinesterase exposures, whereas the type constitution and property of the enzyme remained unclear. a type of che was purified from daphnia magna using a three-step procedure, i.e., triton x-100 extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and diethylaminoethyl (deae)-sepharose™-fast-flow chromatography. according to sodium dodecyl sulfate poly ... | 0 | 23549850 |
| vaccine delivery using nanoparticles. | vaccination has had a major impact on the control of infectious diseases. however, there are still many infectious diseases for which the development of an effective vaccine has been elusive. in many cases the failure to devise vaccines is a consequence of the inability of vaccine candidates to evoke appropriate immune responses. this is especially true where cellular immunity is required for protective immunity and this problem is compounded by the move toward devising sub-unit vaccines. over t ... | 2013 | 23532930 |
| detection of amitraz resistance in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus from north gujarat, india. | amitraz has become one of the most extensively used chemical acaricide for control of cattle tick due to development of resistance against most of the organophosphates and synthetic pyrethroid acaricides. the resistance status of amitraz was evaluated against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from banaskantha district, gujarat, india by adult immersion test (ait). the different concentrations of amitraz utilized in the ait were 125, 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 ppm. the adult female ticks ... | 2013 | 25698859 |
| use of polymerase chain reaction: restriction fragment length polymorphism to detect acaricidal resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in boophilus microplus ticks of south india. | boophilus microplus is an important ectoparasite of livestock. apart from transmitting diseases, heavy tick burden can decrease production and damage hides. the synthetic pyrethroids which are advantageous over other acaricides for treatment of this infestation are now losing their efficacy due to development of resistant strains of ticks. | 0 | 23961446 |
| a nuclear single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) potentially useful for the separation of rhodnius prolixus from members of the rhodnius robustus cryptic species complex (hemiptera: reduviidae). | the design and application of rational strategies that rely on accurate species identification are pivotal for effective vector control. when morphological identification of the target vector species is impractical, the use of molecular markers is required. here we describe a non-coding, single-copy nuclear dna fragment that contains a single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) with the potential to distinguish the important domestic chagas disease vector, rhodnius prolixus, from members of the four s ... | 2012 | 23219914 |
| cloning and characterization of a p2x receptor expressed in the central nervous system of lymnaea stagnalis. | p2x receptors are membrane ion channels gated by extracellular atp. mammals possess seven distinct p2x subtypes (p2x1-7) that have important functions in a wide array of physiological processes including roles in the central nervous system (cns) where they have been linked to modulation of neurotransmitter release. we report here the cloning and functional characterization of a p2x receptor from the mollusc lymnaea stagnalis. this model organism has a relatively simple cns consisting of large re ... | 2012 | 23209755 |
| subclinical anaplasmosis in camel (camelus dromedarius) and its successful therapeutic management. | on the indian sub continent, dromedarian camel -'the ship of the desert' is an important constituent of the socio economic life style of nomadic owners in the semi arid to arid ecosystems. the animal suffers from a few parasitic diseases viz. surra, coccidiosis, sarcocystis, gastro intestinal concurrent metazoan infections, mange, nasal bots and ticks infestations. however, anaplasmosis in camel has not been reported so far from the indian subcontinent. systematic investigations of a 7 year male ... | 2012 | 24808644 |
| molecular and pharmacological characterization of serotonin 5-ht2α and 5-ht7 receptors in the salivary glands of the blowfly calliphora vicina. | secretion in blowfly (calliphora vicina) salivary glands is stimulated by the biogenic amine serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-ht), which activates both inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (insp(3))/ca(2+) and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (camp) signalling pathways in the secretory cells. in order to characterize the signal-inducing 5-ht receptors, we cloned two cdnas (cv5-ht2α, cv5-ht7) that share high similarity with mammalian 5-ht(2) and 5-ht(7) receptor genes, respectively. rt-pcr demonstra ... | 2012 | 23145175 |
| inhibition of enzyme activity of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus triosephosphate isomerase and bme26 cell growth by monoclonal antibodies. | in the present work, we produced two monoclonal antibodies (brbm37 and brbm38) and tested their action against the triosephosphate isomerase of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (rmtim). these antibodies recognize epitopes on both the native and recombinant forms of the protein. rrmtim inhibition by brbm37 was up to 85% whereas that of brbrm38 was 98%, depending on the antibody-enzyme ratio. rmtim activity was lower in ovarian, gut, and fat body tissue extracts treated with brbm37 or brb ... | 2012 | 23202941 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of chitin synthase gene fragments of demodex mites. | to our knowledge, few reports on demodex studied at the molecular level are available at present. in this study our group, for the first time, cloned, sequenced and analyzed the chitin synthase (chs) gene fragments of demodex folliculorum, demodex brevis, and demodex canis (three isolates from each species) from xi'an china, by designing specific primers based on the only partial sequence of the chs gene of d. canis from japan, retrieved from genbank. results show that amplification was successf ... | 0 | 23024043 |
| direct tests of enzymatic heme degradation by the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. | malaria parasites generate vast quantities of heme during blood stage infection via hemoglobin digestion and limited de novo biosynthesis, but it remains unclear if parasites metabolize heme for utilization or disposal. recent in vitro experiments with a heme oxygenase (ho)-like protein from plasmodium falciparum suggested that parasites may enzymatically degrade some heme to the canonical ho product, biliverdin (bv), or its downstream metabolite, bilirubin (br). to directly test for bv and br p ... | 2012 | 22992734 |
| distribution patterns of three sodium channel mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus populations from north and south america, south africa and australia. | resistance to synthetic pyrethroids (sp) in the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is widespread throughout its distribution area. three single nucleotide substitutions identified in domains ii and iii of the sodium channel gene of r. (b.) microplus are known to be associated with target site pyrethroid resistance. we developed a multiplex pcr using allele-specific primers to amplify wild type or mutated genotypes of the three mutations simultaneously. this assay was used to screen ... | 2012 | 24533283 |
| phylogenomic resolution of paleozoic divergences in harvestmen (arachnida, opiliones) via analysis of next-generation transcriptome data. | next-generation sequencing technologies are rapidly transforming molecular systematic studies of non-model animal taxa. the arachnid order opiliones (commonly known as "harvestmen") includes more than 6,400 described species placed into four well-supported lineages (suborders). fossil plus molecular clock evidence indicates that these lineages were diverging in the late silurian to mid-carboniferous, with some fossil harvestmen representing the earliest known land animals. perhaps because of thi ... | 2012 | 22936998 |
| genetic parameters of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis and its relationship with weight and parasite infestations in australian tropical bos taurus cattle. | infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) or 'pinkeye' is an economically important ocular disease that significantly impacts animal performance. genetic parameters for ibk infection and its genetic and phenotypic correlations with cattle tick counts, number of helminth (unspecified species) eggs per gram of faeces and growth traits in australian tropically adapted bos taurus cattle were estimated. | 2012 | 22839739 |
| moxidectin and the avermectins: consanguinity but not identity. | the avermectins and milbemycins contain a common macrocyclic lactone (ml) ring, but are fermentation products of different organisms. the principal structural difference is that avermectins have sugar groups at c13 of the macrocyclic ring, whereas the milbemycins are protonated at c13. moxidectin (mox), belonging to the milbemycin family, has other differences, including a methoxime at c23. the avermectins and mox have broad-spectrum activity against nematodes and arthropods. they have similar b ... | 2012 | 24533275 |
| current advances in detection and treatment of babesiosis. | babesiosis is a disease with a world-wide distribution affecting many species of mammals principally cattle and man. the major impact occurs in the cattle industry where bovine babesiosis has had a huge economic effect due to loss of meat and beef production of infected animals and death. nowadays to those costs there must be added the high cost of tick control, disease detection, prevention and treatment. in almost a century and a quarter since the first report of the disease, the truth is: the ... | 0 | 22360483 |
| generation of full-length cdnas for eight putative gpcnr from the cattle tick, r. microplus using a targeted degenerate pcr and sequencing strategy. | we describe here a rapid and efficient method for the targeted isolation of specific members of gene families without the need for cloning. using this strategy we isolated full length cdnas for eight putative g-protein coupled neurotransmitter receptors (gpcnr) from the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. gene specific degenerate primers were designed using aligned amino acid sequences of similar receptor types from several insect and arachnid species. these primers were used to amp ... | 2012 | 22403662 |
| an exploratory study to assess the activity of the acarine growth inhibitor, fluazuron, against sarcoptes scabei infestation in pigs. | the most common treatments for scabies in human and veterinary settings are topical 5% permethrin or systemic treatment with ivermectin. however, these treatments have very little activity against arthropod eggs, and therefore repeated treatment is frequently required. in-vitro, biochemical and molecular studies have demonstrated that human mites are becoming increasingly resistant to both acaricides. to identify alternate acaricides, we undertook a pilot study of the in vivo activity of the ben ... | 2012 | 22336283 |
| exploiting gene families for phylogenomic analysis of myzostomid transcriptome data. | in trying to understand the evolutionary relationships of organisms, the current flood of sequence data offers great opportunities, but also reveals new challenges with regard to data quality, the selection of data for subsequent analysis, and the automation of steps that were once done manually for single-gene analyses. even though genome or transcriptome data is available for representatives of most bilaterian phyla, some enigmatic taxa still have an uncertain position in the animal tree of li ... | 2012 | 22276131 |
| acidocalcisomes as calcium- and polyphosphate-storage compartments during embryogenesis of the insect rhodnius prolixus stahl. | the yolk of insect eggs is a cellular domain specialized in the storage of reserve components for embryo development. the reserve macromolecules are stored in different organelles and their interactions with the embryo cells are mostly unknown. acidocalcisomes are lysosome-related organelles characterized by their acidic nature, high electron density and large content of polyphosphate bound to several cations. in this work, we report the presence of acidocalcisome-like organelles in eggs of the ... | 2011 | 22096545 |
| p2x receptor homologs in basal fungi. | | 2011 | 21887491 |
| expression patterns of neural genes in euperipatoides kanangrensis suggest divergent evolution of onychophoran and euarthropod neurogenesis. | one of the controversial debates on euarthropod relationships centers on the question as to whether insects, crustaceans, and myriapods (mandibulata) share a common ancestor or whether myriapods group with the chelicerates (myriochelata). the debate was stimulated recently by studies in chelicerates and myriapods that show that neural precursor groups (npgs) segregate from the neuroectoderm generating the nervous system, whereas in insects and crustaceans the nervous tissue is produced by stem c ... | 2010 | 21149708 |
| heme and blood-feeding parasites: friends or foes? | hemoparasites, like malaria and schistosomes, are constantly faced with the challenges of storing and detoxifying large quantities of heme, released from their catabolism of host erythrocytes. heme is an essential prosthetic group that forms the reactive core of numerous hemoproteins with diverse biological functions. however, due to its reactive nature, it is also a potentially toxic molecule. thus, the acquisition and detoxification of heme is likely to be paramount for the survival and establ ... | 2010 | 21087517 |
| evolutionary process of bos taurus cattle in favourable versus unfavourable environments and its implications for genetic selection. | the evolutionary processes that have enabled bos taurus cattle to establish around the globe are at the core to the future success of livestock production. our study focuses on the history of cattle domestication including the last 60 years of b. taurus breeding programmes in both favourable and unfavourable environments and its consequences on evolution and fitness of cattle. we discuss the emergence of 'production diseases' in temperate production systems and consider the evolutionary genetics ... | 0 | 25567936 |
| diversity of phylogenetic information according to the locus and the taxonomic level: an example from a parasitic mesostigmatid mite genus. | molecular markers for cladistic analyses may perform differently according to the taxonomic group considered and the historical level under investigation. here we evaluate the phylogenetic potential of five different markers for resolving evolutionary relationships within the ectoparasitic genus dermanyssus at the species level, and their ability to address questions about the evolution of specialization. coi provided 9-18% divergence between species (up to 9% within species), 16s rrna 10-16% (u ... | 2010 | 20480038 |
| inverse agonist and neutral antagonist actions of synthetic compounds at an insect 5-ht1 receptor. | 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) has been shown to control and modulate many physiological and behavioural functions in insects. in this study, we report the cloning and pharmacological properties of a 5-ht(1) receptor of an insect model for neurobiology, physiology and pharmacology. | 2010 | 20233210 |
| the genome sequence of the protostome daphnia pulex encodes respective orthologues of a neurotrophin, a trk and a p75ntr: evolution of neurotrophin signaling components and related proteins in the bilateria. | neurotrophins and their trk and p75ntr receptors play an important role in the nervous system. to date, neurotrophins, trk and p75ntr have only been found concomitantly in deuterostomes. in protostomes, homologues to either neurotrophin, trk or p75ntr are reported but their phylogenetic relationship to deuterostome neurotrophin signaling components is unclear. drosophila has neurotrophin homologues called spätzles (spz), some of which were recently renamed neurotrophins, but direct proof that th ... | 2009 | 19807921 |
| surviving the cold: molecular analyses of insect cryoprotective dehydration in the arctic springtail megaphorura arctica (tullberg). | insects provide tractable models for enhancing our understanding of the physiological and cellular processes that enable survival at extreme low temperatures. they possess three main strategies to survive the cold: freeze tolerance, freeze avoidance or cryoprotective dehydration, of which the latter method is exploited by our model species, the arctic springtail megaphorura arctica, formerly onychiurus arcticus (tullberg 1876). the physiological mechanisms underlying cryoprotective dehydration h ... | 2009 | 19622137 |
| miro and irbase: it tools for the epidemiological monitoring of insecticide resistance in mosquito disease vectors. | monitoring of insect vector populations with respect to their susceptibility to one or more insecticides is a crucial element of the strategies used for the control of arthropod-borne diseases. this management task can nowadays be achieved more efficiently when assisted by it (information technology) tools, ranging from modern integrated databases to gis (geographic information system). here we describe an application ontology that we developed de novo, and a specially designed database that, ba ... | 2009 | 19547750 |
| proteome changes in the plasma of papilio xuthus (lepidoptera: papilionidae): effect of parasitization by the endoparasitic wasp pteromalus puparum (hymenoptera: pteromalidae). | although the biochemical dissection of parasitoid-host interactions is becoming well characterized, the molecular knowledge concerning them is minimal. in order to understand the molecular bases of the host immune response to parasitoid attack, we explored the response of papilio xuthus parasitized by the endoparasitic wasp pteromalus puparum using proteomic approach. by examining the differential expression of plasma proteins in the parasitized and unparasitized host pupae by two-dimensional (2 ... | 0 | 19489110 |
| a recombinant multi-antigen vaccine formulation containing babesia bovis merozoite surface antigens msa-2a1, msa-2b and msa-2c elicits invasion-inhibitory antibodies and ifn-γ producing cells. | babesia bovis is a tick-transmitted protozoan hemoparasite and the causative agent of bovine babesiosis, a potential risk to more than 500 million cattle worldwide. the vaccines currently available are based on attenuated parasites, which are difficult to produce, and are only recommended for use in bovines under one year of age. when used in older animals, these vaccines may cause life-threatening clinical symptoms and eventually death. the development of a multi-subunit recombinant vaccine aga ... | 2016 | 27842609 |
| secondary metabolite gene clusters in the entomopathogen fungus metarhizium anisopliae: genome identification and patterns of expression in a cuticle infection model. | the described species from the metarhizium genus are cosmopolitan fungi that infect arthropod hosts. interestingly, while some species infect a wide range of hosts (host-generalists), other species infect only a few arthropods (host-specialists). this singular evolutionary trait permits unique comparisons to determine how pathogens and virulence determinants emerge. among the several virulence determinants that have been described, secondary metabolites (sms) are suggested to play essential role ... | 2016 | 27801295 |
| expression of 6-cys gene superfamily defines babesia bovis sexual stage development within rhipicephalus microplus. | babesia bovis, an intra-erythrocytic tick-borne apicomplexan protozoan, is one of the causative agents of bovine babesiosis. its life cycle includes sexual reproduction within cattle fever ticks, rhipicephalus spp. six b. bovis 6-cys gene superfamily members were previously identified (a, b, c, d, e, f) where their orthologues in plasmodium parasite have been shown to encode for proteins required for the development of sexual stages. the current study identified four additional 6-cys genes (g, h ... | 2016 | 27668751 |
| identification of peptide mimics of a glycan epitope on the surface of parasitic nematode larvae. | phage display was used to identify peptide mimics of an immunologically protective nematode glycan (carla) by screening a constrained c7c peptide library for ligands that bound to an anti-carla mab (pab1). characterisation of these peptide mimotopes revealed functional similarities with an epitope that is defined by pab1. mimotope vaccinations of mice with three selected individual phage clones facilitated the induction of antibody responses that recognised the purified, native carla molecule wh ... | 2016 | 27579674 |
| unexpected activity of a novel kunitz-type inhibitor: inhibition of cysteine proteases but not serine proteases. | kunitz-type (kt) protease inhibitors are low molecular weight proteins classically defined as serine protease inhibitors. we identified a novel secreted kt inhibitor associated with the gut and parenchymal tissues of the infective juvenile stage of fasciola hepatica, a helminth parasite of medical and veterinary importance. unexpectedly, recombinant kt inhibitor (rfhkt1) exhibited no inhibitory activity toward serine proteases but was a potent inhibitor of the major secreted cathepsin l cysteine ... | 2016 | 27422822 |
| identification and biochemical properties of two new acetylcholinesterases in the pond wolf spider (pardosa pseudoannulata). | acetylcholinesterase (ache), an important neurotransmitter hydrolase in both invertebrates and vertebrates, is targeted by organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. in this study, two new aches were identified in the pond wolf spider pardosa pseudoannulata, an important predatory natural enemy of several insect pests. in total, four aches were found in p. pseudoannulata (including two aches previously identified in our laboratory). the new putative aches ppache3 and ppache4 contain most of th ... | 2016 | 27337188 |
| functional and biochemical characterization of three recombinant human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mutants: zacatecas, vanua-lava and viangchan. | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) deficiency in humans causes severe disease, varying from mostly asymptomatic individuals to patients showing neonatal jaundice, acute hemolysis episodes or chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. in order to understand the effect of the mutations in g6pd gene function and its relation with g6pd deficiency severity, we report the construction, cloning and expression as well as the detailed kinetic and stability characterization of three purified clinical ... | 2016 | 27213370 |
| novel mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel of pyrethroid-resistant varroa destructor populations from the southeastern usa. | the parasitic mite varroa destructor has a significant worldwide impact on bee colony health. in the absence of control measures, parasitized colonies invariably collapse within 3 years. the synthetic pyrethroids tau-fluvalinate and flumethrin have proven very effective at managing this mite within apiaries, but intensive control programs based mainly on one active ingredient have led to many reports of pyrethroid resistance. in europe, a modification of leucine to valine at position 925 (l925v) ... | 2016 | 27191597 |
| mapping polyclonal antibody responses to bacterial infection using next generation phage display. | mapping polyclonal antibody responses to infectious diseases to identify individual epitopes has the potential to underpin the development of novel serological assays and vaccines. here, phage-peptide library panning coupled with screening using next generation sequencing was used to map antibody responses to bacterial infections. in the first instance, pigs experimentally infected with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was investigated. igg samples from twelve infected pigs were probed in ... | 2016 | 27072017 |
| survival and immune response of the chagas vector meccus pallidipennis (hemiptera: reduviidae) against two entomopathogenic fungi, metarhizium anisopliae and isaria fumosorosea. | chagas disease is a key health problem in latin america and is caused and transmitted by trypanosoma cruzi and triatomine bugs, respectively. control of triatomines has largely relied on the use pyrethroids, which has proved to be ineffective in the long term. alternatively, the use of entomopathogenic fungi has been implemented to control triatomine bugs. these fungi are highly efficient as they induce a reduction in immune response on insects. meccus pallidipennis is the main triatomine vector ... | 2016 | 27012246 |
| marine natural products from new caledonia--a review. | marine micro- and macroorganisms are well known to produce metabolites with high biotechnological potential. nearly 40 years of systematic prospecting all around the new caledonia archipelago and several successive research programs have uncovered new chemical leads from benthic and planktonic organisms. after species identification, biological and/or pharmaceutical analyses are performed on marine organisms to assess their bioactivities. a total of 3582 genera, 1107 families and 9372 species ha ... | 2016 | 26999165 |
| neurotrophin, p75, and trk signaling module in the developing nervous system of the marine annelid platynereis dumerilii. | in vertebrates, neurotrophic signaling plays an important role in neuronal development, neural circuit formation, and neuronal plasticity, but its evolutionary origin remains obscure. we found and validated nucleotide sequences encoding putative neurotrophic ligands (neurotrophin, nt) and receptors (trk and p75) in two annelids, platynereis dumerilii (errantia) and capitella teleta (sedentaria, for which some sequences were found recently by wilson, 2009). predicted protein sequences and structu ... | 2016 | 27069919 |
| pfirr interacts with hrigf-i and activates the map-kinase and pi3-kinase signaling pathways to regulate glycogen metabolism in pinctada fucata. | the insulin-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k) pathways are major intracellular signaling modules and conserved among eukaryotes that are known to regulate diverse cellular processes. however, they have not been investigated in the mollusk species pinctada fucata. here, we demonstrate that insulin-related peptide receptor of p. fucata (pfirr) interacts with human recombinant insulin-like growth factor i (hrigf-i), and stimulates the mapk and ... | 2016 | 26911653 |
| atypical challenging and first case report of babesiosis in ecuador. | babesia is known to be prevalent in the eastern united states and other temperate countries but the prevalence of babesia is not well known in the tropical malaria-endemic countries because of the higher prevalence of malaria. a 72-year-old hispanic male from ecuador presenting with increasing left lower quadrant abdominal pain and distention for one year. he experienced nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, chill, and myalgias. he reported 9 kg weight loss over the last two months. patient moved t ... | 2016 | 27051577 |
| therapeutic potential of tea tree oil for scabies. | globally, scabies affects more than 130 million people at any time. in the developed world, outbreaks in health institutions and vulnerable communities result in a significant economic burden. a review of the literature demonstrates the emergence of resistance toward classical scabicidal treatments and the lack of effectiveness of currently available scabicides in reducing the inflammatory skin reactions and pyodermal progression that occurs in predisposed patient cohorts. tea tree oil (tto) has ... | 2016 | 26787146 |
| linkage disequilibrium, persistence of phase and effective population size estimates in hereford and braford cattle. | the existence of moderate to high levels of linkage disequilibrium (ld) between genetic markers and quantitative trait loci (qtl) affecting traits of interest is fundamental for the success of genome-wide association (gwas) and genomic selection (gs) studies. knowledge about the extent and the pattern of ld in livestock populations is essential to determine the density of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) required for accurate gwas and gs. moreover, observed ld is related to historical effec ... | 2016 | 26832943 |
| in vitro detection of acaricidal resistance status of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus against commercial preparation of deltamethrin, flumethrin, and fipronil from north gujarat, india. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is the most common tick species in india infesting cattle and buffaloes and causing significant economic losses to dairy and leather industries by adversely affecting the milk production and quality of hides. a study to evaluate the acaricide resistance status of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus to deltamethrin, flumethrin, and fipronil was conducted on the samples collected from organized and unorganized farms of north gujarat state, where treatment failur ... | 2015 | 26788362 |
| antileishmanial activity of the essential oil from tetradenia riparia obtained in different seasons. | the herbaceous shrub tetradenia riparia has been traditionally used to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases. recently, a study showed that t. riparia essential oil (treo) obtained in summer has antileishmanial effects, although these results could be influenced by seasonal variation. this study evaluated the activity of the treo obtained in different seasons against leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis, in vitro and in vivo. the compounds in the treo were analysed by gas chromatography-mass ... | 2015 | 26602873 |
| length and density of filiform tongue papillae: differences between tick-susceptible and resistant cattle may affect tick loads. | indicine breeds of bovines are highly resistant and taurine breeds are susceptible to the cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus, a species which causes great damage to livestock. animals use their tongues for self-grooming, an important behavior for ridding themselves of ectoparasites. however, the role of tongue morphology, notably the filiform papillae, in this process is not known. | 2015 | 26573922 |
| global transcriptome analysis of the tentacle of the jellyfish cyanea capillata using deep sequencing and expressed sequence tags: insight into the toxin- and degenerative disease-related transcripts. | jellyfish contain diverse toxins and other bioactive components. however, large-scale identification of novel toxins and bioactive components from jellyfish has been hampered by the low efficiency of traditional isolation and purification methods. | 2015 | 26551022 |
| lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein (lamp)--preliminary study on a hidden antigen target for vaccination against schistosomiasis. | our previously reported gene atlasing of schistosome tissues revealed transcripts that were highly enriched in the digestive tract of schistosoma mansoni. from these, we selected two candidates, sm-lamp and sm-npc2 for testing as vaccine targets. the two molecules were selected on the basis of relatively high expression in the gastrodermis, their potentially important biological function, divergence from homologous molecules of the host and possible apical membrane expression in the gastrodermis ... | 2015 | 26472258 |
| production of serine protease inhibitors by mutagenesis and their effects on the mortality of aedes aegypti l. larvae. | dengue, transmitted primarily by the bites of infected aedes aegypti l., is transmitted to millions of individuals each year in tropical and subtropical areas. dengue control strategies are primarily based on controlling the vector, using insecticides, but the appearance of resistance poses new challenges. recently, highly selective protease inhibitors by phage display were obtained for digestive enzymes of the 4th instar larvae (l4) midgut. these mutants were not confirmed as a larvicide due to ... | 2015 | 26444542 |
| integrated metabolomics, transcriptomics and proteomics identifies metabolic pathways affected by anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in tick cells. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis. these intracellular bacteria establish infection by affecting cell function in both the vertebrate host and the tick vector, ixodes scapularis. previous studies have characterized the tick transcriptome and proteome in response to a. phagocytophilum infection. however, in the postgenomic era, the integration of omics datasets through a systems biology approach allows network-based analyses to ... | 2015 | 26424601 |
| veterinary homeopathy: systematic review of medical conditions studied by randomised trials controlled by other than placebo. | no systematic review has previously been carried out on randomised controlled trials (rcts) of veterinary homeopathy in which the control group was an intervention other than placebo (otp). for eligible peer-reviewed rcts, the objectives of this study were to assess the risk of bias (rob) and to quantify the effect size of homeopathic intervention compared with an active comparator or with no treatment. | 2015 | 26371366 |
| the control of sea lice in atlantic salmon by selective breeding. | sea lice threaten the welfare of farmed atlantic salmon and the sustainability of fish farming across the world. chemical treatments are the major method of control but drug resistance means that alternatives are urgently needed. selective breeding can be a cheap and effective alternative. here, we combine experimental trials and diagnostics to provide a practical protocol for quantifying resistance to sea lice. we then combined quantitative genetics with epidemiological modelling to make the fi ... | 2015 | 26289656 |
| atp binding cassette transporter mediates both heme and pesticide detoxification in tick midgut cells. | in ticks, the digestion of blood occurs intracellularly and proteolytic digestion of hemoglobin takes place in a dedicated type of lysosome, the digest vesicle, followed by transfer of the heme moiety of hemoglobin to a specialized organelle that accumulates large heme aggregates, called hemosomes. in the present work, we studied the uptake of fluorescent metalloporphyrins, used as heme analogs, and amitraz, one of the most regularly used acaricides to control cattle tick infestations, by rhipic ... | 2015 | 26258982 |
| molecular signatures of reduced nerve toxicity by cecl3 in phoxim-exposed silkworm brains. | cecl3 can reduce the damage caused by op pesticides, in this study we used the brain of silkworms to investigate the mechanism of cecl3 effects on pesticide resistance. the results showed that phoxim treatments led to brain damages, swelling and death of neurons, chromatin condensation, and mitochondrial damage. normal nerve conduction was severely affected by phoxim treatments, as revealed by: increases in the contents of neurotransmitters glu, no, and ach by 63.65%, 61.14%, and 98.54%, respect ... | 2015 | 26227613 |
| snp analysis infers that recombination is involved in the evolution of amitraz resistance in rhipicephalus microplus. | rhipicephalus microplus, better known as the asiatic cattle tick, is a largely invasive ectoparasite of great economic importance due to the negative effect it has on agricultural livestock on a global scale, particularly cattle. tick-borne diseases (babesiosis and anaplasmosis) transmitted by r. microplus are alarming as they decrease the quality of livestock health and production. in sub-saharan africa, cattle represent a major source of meat and milk, but this region of the world is severely ... | 2015 | 26158272 |
| endectocide activity of a pour-on formulation containing 1.5 per cent ivermectin +0.5 per cent abamectin in cattle. | the present work aimed to evaluate, through ten different studies, the therapeutic efficacy of a new pour-on formulation, containing 1.5 per cent ivermectin +0.5 per cent abamectin, against parasites of cattle. results obtained on trials against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus showed that the pour-on combination of 1.5 per cent ivermectin +0.5 per cent abamectin obtained superior efficacy indexes against this ectoparasite, when compared with formulations containing 0.5 per cent ivermectin, 1 ... | 2015 | 26392893 |
| emerging status of anaplasmosis in cattle in hisar. | anaplasma marginale is a rickettsial pathogen responsible for progressive anemia in ruminants leading to huge economic losses. the objectives of this cross-sectional study were to determine the prevalence of anaplasmosis and therapeutic evaluation of traditional line of treatment. | 2015 | 27065645 |