| schistosoma japonicum, s. mansoni, s. haematobium, s. intercalatum, and s. rodhaini: cysteine-class cathepsin activities in the vomitus of adult worms. | vomitus from adults of five schistosoma species was screened for biochemical homologues of the mammalian cysteine proteinases cathepsins b, h, and l. bovine cathepsin b and rat cathepsin l served as references. using the substrate arg-nmec, a schistosome cathepsin h-like activity was never detected. all species degraded the cathepsin b substrate z-arg-arg-nmec, but distinct species differences were observed with respect to ph optima and buffer preferences. the cathepsin b and l substrate z-phe-a ... | 1997 | 9000231 |
| schistosomiasis in women: manifestations in the upper reproductive tract. | female genital schistosomiasis (fgs) is a neglected disease entity which may give rise to considerable suffering among women of child-bearing age in areas where schistosomiasis (especially due to schistosoma haematobium) is prevalent. the close relation between the vessels in genital organs and the urinary bladder enables the parasite to easily change location to virtually any organs in the female pelvic area. symptoms concur with the anatomical location of worm pairs and their ova. lesions of t ... | 1996 | 9028408 |
| female genital schistosomiasis due to schistosoma haematobium. clinical and parasitological findings in women in rural malawi. | a total of 51 women with urinary schistosomiasis haematobium were examined in order to identify diagnostic indicators for female genital schistosomiasis (fgs). patients were selected at random from the outpatient department of the mangochi district hospital, malawi. the medical histories were recorded according to a pre-designed questionnaire and the women were subjected to a thorough gynaecological examination including colposcopy and photographic documentation of lesions. microscopy of genital ... | 1996 | 9028409 |
| female genital schistosomiasis (fgs): relationship between gynecological and histopathological findings. | schistosomiasis of the lower female reproductive tract manifests itself in a broad spectrum of clinical features. however, clinical and histopathological findings have never been studied in a synoptic manner. based on the assumption that any type of pathology present in the female reproductive tract is the expression of a complex pathophysiological reaction towards eggs sequestered in the genital tissues, we decided to analyze colposcopic and histopathological findings in a comprehensive manner. ... | 1996 | 9028410 |
| diagnosis of female genital schistosomiasis by indirect disease markers: determination of eosinophil cationic protein, neopterin and iga in vaginal fluid and swab eluates. | based on assumptions about the pathophysiology of egg-related lesions in the lower reproductive tract, putative indirect disease markers were investigated in vaginal fluids from 54 malawi adolescent girls and women infected with s. haematobium. these women received a careful gynecological examination during which biopsies were taken from the cervix, and, if present, also from suspicious lesions in the vagina and the vulva. if the biopsies, either in wet crushed preparations or in histological se ... | 1996 | 9028411 |
| urine reagent strips for diagnosis of schistosomiasis haematobium in women of fertile age. | hematuria, proteinuria and leukocyturia were semiquantitatively assessed by reagent strips in single morning urine of women of fertile age visiting the outpatient department of the mangochi district hospital, malawi. this was part of a diagnostic approach to female genital schistosomiasis (fgs). in 51 women ova of schistosoma haematobium were detected in urine by a filtration technique. in 33 of these women ova were also present in genital tissue as demonstrated by microscopic examination of bio ... | 1996 | 9028412 |
| reversibility of lower reproductive tract abnormalities in women with schistosoma haematobium infection after treatment with praziquantel--an interim report. | little is known whether and to what extent antiparasitic treatment cures female genital schistosomiasis (fgs). using a standard protocol, of twenty-one women with fgs nine were re-examined at two to nine weeks after they had been treated with praziquantel at a single dose of 40 mg/kg. symptoms related to pathology of the urinary tract and to a lesser extent of genital pathology subsided in most patients. schistosoma haematobium ova were no longer detectable in urine of any of the patients post-t ... | 1996 | 9028413 |
| costs, benefits and operational implications of using quantitative techniques to screen for schistosomiasis haematobium in egypt. | the official strategy for schistosomiasis control in egypt relies on individual case detection and treatment. screening for schistosoma haematobium has traditionally involved urine sedimentation which shows whether or not eggs are present in the urine, thereby providing only a qualitative assessment of infection status. recently the ministry of health introduced the nucleopore filtration technique into a few villages to assess its applicability for broader use in areas where s. haematobium is en ... | 1996 | 9031396 |
| expression of bcl-2 and p53 oncoproteins in schistosomiasis-associated transitional and squamous cell carcinoma of urinary bladder. | to analyze the expression of bcl-2 and p53 proteins in schistosomiasis-associated bladder cancer compared to adjacent urothelium showing morphological alteration including hyperplasia, metaplasia and dysplasia. | 1997 | 9043502 |
| effect of piped water supply on human water contact patterns in a schistosoma haematobium-endemic area in coast province, kenya. | the effect of a piped water supply on human water contact in a schistosoma haematobium-endemic area in coast province, kenya was studied. after the construction of five community standpipes and one shower unit, there was a 35.1% reduction in the number of people observed using river water, a 44.1% reduction in the frequency of contact with river water, and a 25.4% reduction in the amount of contact. the frequency of river water contact per person also decreased significantly, but the amount of c ... | 1997 | 9080867 |
| schistosoma haematobium: comparative studies on prevalence and cercarial shedding according to the shell diameter of planorbarius metidjensis at miracidial exposure. | experimental infections of planorbarius metidjensis by schistosoma haematobium were carried out under controlled conditions to determine whether there was a size limit after which the snail could not longer sustain schistosoma infection. snails measuring 1-6 mm in diameter were exposed to two miracidia each and were raised at 24-26 degrees c until their death. the frequency of snails with cercarial shedding was 63% in the 2.1- to 3-mm group. in the other groups the frequencies were lower, decrea ... | 1997 | 9089731 |
| schistosoma mansoni antigens applicable to diagnosis of prepatent infections. | diagnosis of schistosomiasis still depends upon demonstration of eggs in excreta, by which time significant pathology may occur to the human host. this study was undertaken to identify schistosoma mansoni antigen(s) to be exploited in serodiagnosis of prepatent and/or acute infections. immunoglobulin g and m responses of inbred and outbed mice to schistosoma mansoni whole adult worm antigen were monitored in immunoblots using sera obtained at sequential times from mice infected with either 600 o ... | 1997 | 9097522 |
| prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis haematobium among school children in respect of family social conditions in a village in dakahlia governorate, egypt. | a probability sample (n = 2000) of primary and preparatory school children (6-15 years old) in a rural area, in the eastern part of nile delta, egypt, were examined for s. haematobium eggs using the sedimentation technique. a sub-sample, consisting of all children whose urine samples were positive, was subjected to short interview and urine examination for egg counting using the modern monofilament polyamide (nytrel) filters. the overall prevalence of s. haematobium was 5.5% with significant (p ... | 1997 | 9097532 |
| results of renal transplantation in patients with schistosoma infection. | we evaluated the results of renal transplantation in patients infected with schistosoma haematobium, as well as the risks of urological complications and post-transplant reinfection. | 1997 | 9120909 |
| variation within the internal transcribed spacer (its) of ribosomal dna genes of intermediate snail hosts within the genus bulinus (gastropoda: planorbidae). | species within the genus bulinus are responsible for transmission of schistosomes within the schistosoma haematobium group. in order to provide a molecular insight into the species relationships within the genus, genetic variation between species representing the four species groups was assayed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its) region followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of this product with six res ... | 1996 | 9133161 |
| association of schistosomiasis with cervical cancer: detecting bias in clinical studies. | to investigate if schistosoma haematobium infection increases the observed frequency of cervical cancer, data from literature were analysed in meta-analysis fashion. results reveal that cervical cancer is statistically significantly less frequent in the presence of s. haematobium infection. a protective effect might be inferred; however, underlying bias in data collection and/or analysis is suspected. an approach to detecting bias is given, consisting of: (a) carefully stating and assessing the ... | 1997 | 9145570 |
| intraspecific variation in schistosoma haematobium from algeria. | a comparative analysis has been carried out between two populations of schistosoma haematobium using the same intermediate snail host, bulinus truncatus, but originating from two distinct ecological areas of algeria: khemis-el-khechna in a sub-humid mediterranean zone and djanet in a saharan bioclimatic zone. four parameters have been studied: the growth rate of adult worms, size and shape of the eggs, chronobiology of cercarial emergence and the compatibility with the intermediate host. results ... | 1997 | 9166441 |
| distribution and genetic diversity of schistosoma haematobium within its bulinid intermediate hosts in mali. | random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers were used to assess distribution and genetic diversity of schistosoma haematobium populations within their bulinid intermediate hosts in mali. naturally infected snails (bulinus truncatus and b. globosus) were collected at four sites in the bamako district. s. haematobium cercariae from single snails were used to infect mice and genotypes of the resultant adult worms were characterized using rapd markers. diversity indices were calculated at the sc ... | 1997 | 9177092 |
| schistosoma haematobium induced lesions in the female genital tract in a village in madagascar. | female genital schistosomiasis, fgs, was investigated in a gynaecological study as part of an overall community based morbidity survey, including parasitological and ultrasonographical examination, of a schistosoma haematobium endemic area in madagascar. women (103), of childbearing age (15-49 years), were included for a gynaecological examination and visible lesions of vagina and cervix were biopsied in order to determine the origin of the lesion. furthermore all women were screened for the pre ... | 1997 | 9177093 |
| intraspecific diversity of schistosoma haematobium in west africa: chronobiology of cercarial emergence. | cercarial emergence patterns were used to analyse the intraspecific variability within and between nine populations of schistosoma haematobium collected along a transect line from the north to the south of the ivory coast (africa) and using bulinus truncatus or bulinus globosus as intermediate snail hosts. statistical comparison demonstrated the existence of a chronobiological polymorphism and the existence of three homogeneous groups of s. haematobium isolates with mean shedding times of the ce ... | 1997 | 9177094 |
| schistosomiasis infection in relation to the abo blood groups among school children in zimbabwe. | the study aimed to establish if there was any relationship between the blood group of the human host and schistosomiasis prevalence, intensity, incidence and related organ pathology. urine and stool specimens were collected from the 735 school children attending a rural school in zimbabwe to determine the schistosoma haematobium and s. mansoni infection status of the children. the parasitology results were used to calculate prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis infection. all the children, ... | 1997 | 9177580 |
| proteoglycans from adult worms of schistosoma haematobium. | different types of proteoglycans (pgs) from adult worms of schistosoma haematobium, were sequentially extracted using chaotropic agents under associative conditions (0.5 m gncl), dissociative conditions (4 m gncl) and detergents (triton x-100 and sds). the extracts were designated f1, f2, f3 and f4, respectively. the highest amount of uronic acid and carbohydrate was detected in the associative extract (f1) while the highest amount of protein was detected in the sds extract (f4). agarose polyacr ... | 1997 | 9192704 |
| a case of refractory schistosomiasis. | | 1997 | 9196497 |
| differential responsiveness of humans with early-stage schistosomiasis haematobium to schistosoma haematobium soluble adult-worm and egg antigens. | schoolchildren (7-8 years old) infected with schistosoma haematobium were tested for lymphocyte proliferative responses, in vitro granuloma formation (ivgf), and cytokine release in t-cell western assays and for serum antibody reactivity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunoblotting against s. haematobium soluble adult-worm (sawa) and egg (sea) antigens. the lymphoproliferative response rate of individual subjects against 10 sawa and 15 sea electroseparated bands ranged from 0 ... | 1997 | 9197395 |
| age-related antibody profiles in schistosoma haematobium infections in a rural community in zimbabwe. | antibody responses to soluble schistosoma haematobium egg (sea) and worm (swa) antigens in a rural zimbabwean study population were examined by elisa. one hundred and sixteen s. haematobium infected and 124 non-infected individuals representing individuals greater than five years old, were included. non-endemic control sera were obtained from a schistosomiasis non-endemic part of zimbabwe and from norwegian blood donors. a possible association between ige antibody responses and resistance to s. ... | 1996 | 9223173 |
| schistosomiasis and the use of indigenous plant molluscicides: a rural south african perspective. | in the last decade plant molluscicides have received considerable attention in the search for cheaper alternatives to chemotherapy and synthetic molluscicides in schistosomiasis control. the attraction of a locally grown molluscicidal plant is based on the development of a philosophy of self-reliance and community involvement. this approach is dependent on community recognition of the infection as a public health problem and their acceptance of proposed control measures. the objectives of this s ... | 1997 | 9227802 |
| homologous and heterologous protective immunity to egyptian strains of schistosoma mansoni and s. haematobium induced by ultraviolet-irradiated cercariae. | c57bl/6 and balb/c mice were immunized with ultraviolet-irradiated cercariae of egyptian strains of schistosoma mansoni and s. haematobium, challenged with nonirradiated cercariae of the homologous or heterologous species, and assayed for protection against challenge infection by comparing the adult worm burdens of immunized and non-immunized mice. homologous protection (per cent reduction in worm recovery) ranged from 56% to 69% for s. mansoni and 88% to 99% for s. haematobium. significant hete ... | 1996 | 9229394 |
| epidemiological and genetic observations on human schistosomiasis in kinshasa, zaire. | a survey for schistosoma intercalatum conducted in kinshasa, zaire, in september 1994 revealed a prevalence of 3.6% (n = 167). three isolates of schistosomes were made by exposing bulinus wrighti to miracidia hatched from eggs collected from 2 infected children. characterization of the isolates by biochemical (isoenzymes of phosphoglucomutase), molecular (restriction fragment length polymorphism and randomly amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid analysis) and morphological (egg measurement ... | 1997 | 9231190 |
| molecular characterization of bulinus globosus and b. nasutus on zanzibar, and an investigation of their roles in the epidemiology of schistosoma haematobium. | the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of both bulinus globosus and b. nasutus from zanzibar were amplified and restricted with 6 enzymes. restriction products were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by ethidium bromide staining. considerable genetic variation was observed at 3 levels: (i) between species, (ii) among populations and (iii) among individuals. in addition, the 18s ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid gene was amplified from both species and t ... | 1997 | 9231216 |
| modified urine filtration to detect eggs of schistosoma haematobium. | | 1997 | 9231221 |
| detection of the circulating antigens caa and cca in a group of dutch travellers with acute schistosomiasis. | detection of circulating anodic antigen (caa) and circulating cathodic antigen (cca) in serum and urine is a highly specific and sensitive alternative for the diagnosis of schistosome infections in endemic areas. however, it is not known how soon after the onset of infection these antigens can be detected in humans. neither has there been much research on the detection of these antigens in individuals normally living in non-endemic areas. we studied the kinetics of caa and cca in serum and urine ... | 1997 | 9236822 |
| evaluation of an ultrasonographic score for urinary bladder morbidity in schistosoma haematobium infection. | an ultrasonographic urinary bladder morbidity score was developed and tested in 510 patients with schistosomiasis haematobia, and then evaluated for screening 1,134 randomly selected children from villages endemic for schistosoma haematobium. the ultrasonographic urinary bladder morbidity score had four grades ranging from normal to marked thickening of the urinary bladder wall or any polyps or masses. among both patients and randomly screened subjects, the ultrasonographic score was greater (p ... | 1997 | 9242311 |
| urinary tract morbidity due to schistosoma haematobium infection in mali. | a total of 824 malian villagers in a region endemic for schistosoma (s.) haematobium were examined clinically, parasitologically and by abdominal ultrasound. systematic schistosomicidal treatment had never been applied to this population. prevalence of s. haematobium infection ranged from 77% in adolescents to 51% in adults older than 40 years. intensity of infection was generally mild, 91% of all patients excreting less than 100 ova/10 ml urine. bladder wall enlargement and irregularities, blad ... | 1997 | 9264005 |
| a recombinant protein from schistosoma mansoni useful for the detection of s. mansoni and schistosoma haematobium antibodies. | a recombinant schistosoma mansoni protein has been identified as a useful antigen for the detection of s. mansoni and schistosoma haematobium antibodies. the purified recombinant protein, sm22.3, was assayed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay format against a battery of 491 well defined sera, including s. mansoni, s. haematobium, and schistosoma japonicum infection sera, normal human sera, sera from 9 other parasitic infections, and sera from 2 additional infections. the sensitivity for ... | 1997 | 9267400 |
| circulating anodic and cathodic antigen in serum and urine of mixed schistosoma haematobium and s. mansoni infections in office du niger, mali. | in office du niger, an area endemic for both schistosoma haematobium and s. mansoni in mali, circulating anodic (caa) and cathodic (cca) antigen detection assays were performed on pretreatment serum and urine samples from two villages, rigandé and siguivoucé, and compared with egg counting methods. the highest prevalence was obtained with the urine-cca assay which also had the highest sensitivity to s. haematobium, s. mansoni or mixed infection. a single urine-cca assay was as sensitive as repea ... | 1997 | 9270735 |
| enzymatic basis for the lack of oxamniquine activity in schistosoma haematobium infections. | the notion that oxamniquine is active against schistosoma mansoni but inactive against s. haematobium was confirmed using in vitro cultures of adult worms. since oxamniquine and hycanthone have been shown to become effective upon activation by a schistosome enzyme, enzymatic tests were carried out to detect possible differences between the enzyme of s. mansoni and that of s. haematobium. it was found that the s. mansoni enzyme could activate hycanthone and, to a lesser extent, oxamniquine. the s ... | 1997 | 9272559 |
| control of schistosoma haematobium morbidity on pemba island: validity and efficiency of indirect screening tests. | four indirect screening methods for the detection of schistosoma haematobium morbidity are compared (history of haematuria, visual haematuria, and microhaematuria at the 1+ and 2+ positivity limit by reagent strips) in terms of their diagnostic performance under conditions of progressive decrease in prevalence of infection, intensity and risk of morbidity as a result of repeated schistosomiasis control programmes on pemba island, united republic of tanzania. the results show that the sensitivity ... | 1997 | 9277012 |
| urinary schistosomiasis contracted from an irrigation pool in ramah, the southern jordan valley, jordan. | autochthonous cases of urinary schistosomiasis are reported for the second time in jordan. eight jordanian juveniles (seven males and one female) ranging in age from 10 to 15 years were diagnosed in 1995 as having the disease. urine examination using the membrane filtration technique showed varying intensities of infection. the patients were treated with praziquantel and a follow-up showed the passage of dead eggs in the urine of five patients one month after treatment. all had egg-negative urin ... | 1997 | 9288808 |
| cercarial density in the river of an endemic area of schistosomiasis haematobia in kenya. | the cercarial density in natural water and number of infected bulinus globosus were monitored over a one-year period to identify the transmission foci in an endemic area of schistosomiasis haematobia in kenya. overall prevalence and intensity of infection of the study community were 59.2% and 10.9 eggs/10 ml of urine. cercariometry was carried out on 456 occasions at 20 study sites while snail sampling was done on 465 occasions at the same sites over a one-year period. cercariometry was exclusiv ... | 1997 | 9288809 |
| observations on compatibility between bulinus truncatus and schistosoma haematobium in the senegal river basin. | in experiments to determine the compatibility between isolates of schistosoma haematobium and bulinus truncatus from mali and senegal, the parasite isolates were shown to differ in their intermediate host specificity. bulinus truncatus from the lower and middle valleys (senegal) and the upper valley (mali) of the senegal river basin (srb) were all susceptible to s. haematobium isolated from the urines of children living in tenegue, office du niger, mali. however, none of the b. truncatus tested ... | 1997 | 9290844 |
| human papillomavirus and schistosomiasis associated bladder cancer. | to determine the human papillomavirus dna status of schistosomal associated squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in south africa. | 1997 | 9292149 |
| field evaluation of an immunoglobulin g anti-f1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of human plague in madagascar. | bacteriological isolation of yersinia pestis is the reference test for confirming plague infection, but recovery of the pathogen from human samples is usually very poor. when the etiology of the disease cannot be bacteriologically confirmed, it may be useful to possess alternative tests such as detection of specific circulating antibodies to help guide the diagnosis. in the present study, the immunoglobulin g (igg) anti-f1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been applied to various hum ... | 1997 | 9302210 |
| [intestinal parasitic infections and schistosomiasis in the valley of the senegal river in the islamic republic of mauritania]. | an epidemiological survey was carried out in the trarza and brakna regions of the senegal river valley in mauritania prior to implementation of a program to control intestinal parasitic infection and schistosomiasis. a total of 1297 school children between the ages of 5 and 12 years from a randomized selection of villages in the region were examined to determine the prevalence and intensity of intestinal parasitic infections and schistosomiasis. overall prevalence was 38.1% for intestinal parasi ... | 1997 | 9304009 |
| patterns of infection with schistosoma haematobium in lakeside resettlement communities at the oyan reservoir in ogun state, south-western nigeria. | patterns of infection with schistosoma haematobium were studied in 1991 and 1992 in two, lakeside, resettlement communities at the newly established oyan reservoir in ogun state, nigeria. prevalence and intensity of s. haematobium infection and frequency of haematuria and proteinuria all increased markedly from 1991 to 1992, indicating intensive transmission. this was confirmed in an incidence study. in both years, infection patterns were highly age-dependent, with peaks in those aged 10-14 year ... | 1997 | 9307661 |
| day-to-day variation of egg output and schistosome circulating antigens in urine of schistosoma haematobium-infected school children from gabon and follow-up after chemotherapy. | a group of 31 school children from gabon infected with schistosoma haematobium was examined before praziquantel therapy and followed on days 3, 9, 14, 21, 24, 28, 31 and 35 after therapy. the day-to-day variation of schistosome circulating antigens, urinary egg output, and the reagent strip index (rsi, a pathologic marker) was studied in six consecutive pretreatment urine samples collected under standardized conditions. the geometric mean pretreatment for egg output ranged between 97 and 223 egg ... | 1997 | 9311646 |
| hematuria and proteinuria as predictors of schistosoma haematobium infection. | an investigation of a population-based stratified random sample of 11,970 inhabitants of minya governorate in egypt included examining urine specimens for schistosoma haematobium ova using the filtration technique and for hematuria and proteinuria using reagent strips. age- and gender-specific sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios of reagent strip-detected hematuria and proteinuria as indicators of s. haematobium infection were assessed. results showed that in this p ... | 1997 | 9311651 |
| [mixed urogenital schistosomiasis]. | urinary schistosomiasis is a parasitosis caused by schistosoma haematobium which affect in a diffuse manner all the genitourinary tract. presentation of 5 patients (4 male, 1 female) with mixed bilharziosis that was detected after the study of a young male that came to the clinic with a complaint of haematuria and who underwent transurethral resection under the suspicion of a vesical urothelial neoformation. sch. hameatobium eggs were detected in the urine and sch. mansoni in the semen of all 4 ... | 1997 | 9324895 |
| [intestinal schistosomiasis, a facultative precancerous condition? review of the literature with reference to schistosoma japonicum associated rectum carcinoma]. | after a latency period of 20 years, in a 39-year-old austrian citizen of chinese origin, a surgically removed rectal carcinoma, as well as the neighboring chronic inflammatory rectal mucosa with various degrees of dysplasia and one positive neighboring lymph node, showed helminthiasis in the histopathological examination, convincing us of a link between carcinoma and chronic helminthiasis. whereas the etiological context between chronic infection by schistosoma haematobium and endemic frequent u ... | 1997 | 9340240 |
| determinants of infection with schistosomiasis haematobia using logistic regression. | a population-based stratified random sample of 10,039 inhabitants of rural communities in minya governorate, egypt, were evaluated for risk factors for schistosoma haematobium infection using multivariate analysis. data were obtained by personal interview recording demographics, information on exposure to canal water, history of infection, and other risk factors for infection and examining urine samples for s. haematobium ova. logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for confounders while ... | 1997 | 9347965 |
| anti-schistosome igg4 and ige at 2 years after chemotherapy: infected versus uninfected individuals. | specific igg4 and ige responses to adult worm antigen (awa) and soluble egg antigen (sea) were examined in 37 subjects from an area in which schistosomiasis is endemic, who were previously infected with schistosoma haematobium and who became reinfected or remained free of infection 2 years after chemotherapy. the reinfected group was significantly younger (median age, 11 years) than the uninfected group (median age, 24 years). posttreatment levels of igg4 to egg antigens (igg4-sea) were signific ... | 1997 | 9359737 |
| a comparison of humoral responses to schistosoma haematobium in areas with low and high levels of infection. | antibody responses to schistosoma haematobium of 280 zimbabweans were studied in two areas of differing infection levels. 133 of the subjects came from a low infection area with a prevalence of 33.8% and geometric mean infection intensity of 0.8 eggs per 10ml of urine, while 147 of the subjects came from a high infection area with a prevalence of 62.7% and geometric mean intensity of 3.2 eggs per 10 ml of urine. both the age-prevalence and age-intensity curves exhibited a peak shift. iga, ige, i ... | 1997 | 9364555 |
| subjective change in ejaculate as symptom of infection with schistosoma haematobium in travellers. | | 1997 | 9365301 |
| acquired immunity on a schistosomiasis transmission model - fitting the data. | a semi-stochastic model is proposed to analyse the effects of acquired immunity on the transmission of schistosomiasis in the human host. the basic model's assumptions are as follows. the human host is assumed to build up an immune response after elapsing a fixed period of time l from the first infection. this acquired immunity is assumed to be partially effective and it is never lost. the parasite infection event is a poisson process with multiple occurrences, i.e., in each event one or more ce ... | 1997 | 9367736 |
| schistosoma haematobium: an unusual clinical presentation. | | 1997 | 9373648 |
| a comprehensive evaluation of agave attenuata, a candidate plant molluscicide in south africa. | dried leaf material of a mexican plant, agave attenuata, was found to be highly toxic to the target snail, bulinus africanus, intermediate host of schistosoma haematobium in south africa. the molluscicidal potency of the plant underwent seasonal variation, but remained stable over a range of ph values, after exposure to sunlight and organic matter, and during dry storage. it was unstable in aqueous suspension. the toxicity of the molluscicide to crop plants, invertebrates, fish and mammals was l ... | 1997 | 9386795 |
| nationwide prevalence study of hypertension and related non-communicable diseases in the gambia. | the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and obesity in the gambia was assessed in a 1% population sample of 6048 adults over 15 years of age, 572 (9.5%) subjects were hypertensive according to who criteria (a diastolic blood pressure (dbp) of 95 mmhg or above and/or a systolic blood pressure (sbp) of 160 mmhg or above); 325 (5.4%) had a dbp of 95 mmhg or above, and 39 (2.3%) a dbp of 105 mmhg or above; 428 (7.1%) had a sbp of 160 mmhg or above. by less conservative criteria (a dbp of 90 mmhg or ... | 1997 | 9391506 |
| the reliability of self-reported blood in urine and schistosomiasis as indicators of schistosoma haematobium infection in school children: a study in muheza district, tanzania. | the use of self-reported blood in urine and schistosomiasis by school children was investigated as a tool to estimate the prevalence of infection with schistosoma haematobium and to identify infected individuals. a general questionnaire about common health problems, including questions about blood in urine and schistosomiasis, was administered by teachers to 25443 children in 137 primary schools in muheza district, tanzania. the prevalence of reported schistosomiasis was calculated for each scho ... | 1997 | 9438475 |
| water level regulation and control of schistosomiasis transmission: a case study in oyan reservoir, ogun state, nigeria. | the effect of different water discharge patterns from the artificial oyan reservoir in ogun state, nigeria, on water level fluctuations and on schistosomiasis transmission was investigated between august 1990 and march 1993 to determine the impact of water level regulation on schistosomiasis transmission and control. the results show that transmission was greatly influenced by the pattern of water discharge during the hot dry season (january-april). a high discharge during this period of no rain ... | 1997 | 9447776 |
| schistosomiasis in australian travellers to africa. | | 1998 | 9451403 |
| the molluscicidal activity of crown of christ (euphorbia splendens var. hislopii) latex on snails acting as intermediate hosts of schistosoma mansoni and schistosoma haematobium. | the present study describes the action of the latex of euphorbia splendens var. hislopii (e. milli) on species of the genus bulinus and on biomphalaria pfeifferi, intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis in africa, and the brazilian snails b. glabrata, b. tenagophila, and b. straminea, intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis in brazil. the impact of the latex on the egg masses and embryos of b. glabrata was also evaluated. using the standardized methodology of the world health organization for testin ... | 1998 | 9452283 |
| a monoclonal antibody-based dipstick assay for diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis. | a schistosoma haematobium species-specific mouse immunoglobulin (ig) g1 monoclonal antibody (mab) sh2/15.f that bound a 29 kda peptide was utilized to develop a membrane-based dipstick enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for specific diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis. strips of polyvinylidene difluoride membrane were wetted with methanol and stored in distilled water. the strips were used to capture urinary antigens which were then revealed by incubation in a mixture of specific mab and peroxid ... | 1997 | 9463666 |
| [urinary schistosomiasis: report of a case]. | a 31-year-old japanese man visited our department with macroscopic hematuria. he had stayed in asia, middle east and africa during the past several years. he was diagnosed with urinary schistosomiasis because examination of urine and a biopsy specimen of the bladder mucosa revealed schistosoma haematobium ova. cystoscopy revealed granulomatous lesions and polypoid patches at the right ureteral orifice, posterior wall and dome of the bladder. radiological examination showed no obstructive uropath ... | 1997 | 9488937 |
| assessment of cure by detection of circulating antigens in serum and urine, following schistosomiasis mass treatment in two villages of the office du niger, mali. | eight weeks after mass chemotherapy with 40 mg/kg praziquantel in two villages in office du niger (an irrigation area in mali, endemic for both schistosoma haematobium and schistosoma mansoni) the circulating anodic (caa) and cathodic (cca) antigen detection assays were carried out on serum and urine samples. both prior and post treatment highest prevalence was measured with the urine-cca assay. cure rates determined by antigen detection were almost half that of the egg counting methods. it was ... | 1997 | 9492918 |
| the relationship between prevalence of schistosoma haematobium infection and different morbidity indicators during the course of a control programme on pemba island. | a long-term schistosomiasis control programme was initiated on pemba island, tanzania in 1986 with the aim of eliminating morbidity due to schistosoma haematobium infection. the programme used haematuria as a community indicator of morbidity for surveillance and for identifying individuals for selective population chemotherapy. analysis of the first 3 evaluation studies showed that the prevalence of microhaematuria was linearly related to the prevalence of infection, and that visually detectable ... | 1997 | 9509169 |
| changes in human schistosomiasis levels after the construction of two large hydroelectric dams in central côte d'ivoire. | the construction of large dams has been shown to increase the prevalence and intensity of human schistosomiasis. however, until now no study had been carried out to assess the impact of such a project in côte d'ivoire. for kossou and taabo, two large dams which became operational in the 1970s, baseline data are available on schistosomiasis prevalence in the surrounding area before dam construction, so that the changes in schistosomiasis levels can be assessed. we re-evaluated the prevalence of s ... | 1997 | 9509626 |
| [schistosoma intercalatum bilharziasis: clinical and epidemiological considerations]. | schistosoma intercalatum bilharziasis continues to raise numerous questions regarding pathogenicity and gravity. the parasite was identified recently and the last fully described outbreak occurred 10 years ago in the city of bata, equatorial guinea. geographically schistosoma intercalatum biharziasis is limited to one part of the african continent but has shown a tendency to spread. hybridization of schistosoma intercalatum and schistosoma haematobium has been observed. the main clinical manifes ... | 1997 | 9513158 |
| [the use of mebendazole associated with inoxuprin in the treatment of schistosomiasis haematobium]. | a controlled clinic assay was realized with 217 students of marracuene, maputo province in mozambique. they were positives to schistosoma haematobium parasite and 204 of them were positives helmints too. we created two groups for study. group i received mebendazole as treatment and group ii received mebendazole and inoxuprin that is considered as immunomodulator. they were rechecked one and six month after received treatment and we comproved that any people in group ii resulted positive after si ... | 1998 | 9522499 |
| [schistosomiasis of the urinary bladder]. | a 12 year old male immigrant from somalia was admitted to hospital after several years of haematuria and dysuria. microscopic examination of the urine revealed eggs of the schistosoma haematobium. urine culture was negative. cystoscopy showed a characteristic bilharzial tubercle, and numerous sandy patches were also seen. mucosal biopsy showed schistosoma eggs, some with calcification. there was squamous cell metaplasia and infiltration of plasma cells and eosinofilic granulocytes. the patient w ... | 1998 | 9531825 |
| paleoparasitology of schistosomiasis. | | 1997 | 9566244 |
| the who collaborating centre for research and control of schistosomiasis at niamey, niger. | the centre de recherche sur les méningites et les schistosomes (cermes) is a research institute depending on the organisation de coordination et de coopération pour la lutte contre les grandes endémies--a west african organization for public health--devoted to the studies on schistosomiasis and meningitis. the staff includes 32 persons with 11 scientists and one financial officer. the activities of the cermes involving schistosomiasis concern three research units: (a) ecology of human and animal ... | 1997 | 9566246 |
| schistosomiasis and the risk of bladder cancer in alexandria, egypt. | the relationship between history of schistosomiasis and bladder cancer risk was investigated using data from a case-control study conducted between january 1994 and july 1996 in alexandria, egypt. cases were 190 subjects with incident, histologically confirmed invasive cancer of the bladder, and controls were 187 subjects admitted to hospital for acute, non-neoplastic, non-urinary tract conditions. eighty-six cases (45%) vs 69 controls (37%) reported a history of urinary schistosomiasis. the cor ... | 1998 | 9569060 |
| schistosoma haematobium, s. intercalatum, s. japonicum, s. mansoni, and s. rodhaini in mice: relationship between patterns of lung migration by schistosomula and perfusion recovery of adult worms. | the development of five schistosome species was compared in mice by the recovery of schistosomula from chopped lung tissue and of adult worms by portal perfusion. three developmental patterns appeared. (1) schistosoma japonicum was unique in showing an early establishment of schistosomula in and a rapid departure from the lungs together with the highest worm recovery; (2) s. haematobium contrasted by establishing later and persisting in the lungs for at least 2 weeks while yielding the lowest ad ... | 1998 | 9569102 |
| integration of schistosomiasis-control activities into the primary-health-care system in the gizan region, saudi arabia. | a few decades ago, the prevalence of schistosoma haematobium infection in the human inhabitants of the gizan region of saudi arabia was very high (43%-91%). a vertical programme for the control of the disease, by case finding, treatment of infected individuals and by chemical snail control, was begun in 1974 and led to significant reductions in prevalence in most areas. in 1989 the control activities were gradually integrated into the primary-health-care (phc) system. several schools in the area ... | 1997 | 9579210 |
| laboratory assessment of the molluscicidal and cercaricidal activities of the egyptian weed, solanum nigrum l. | the molluscicidal properties of solanum nigrum l. were tested against three egyptian snail species (biomphalaria alexandrina, bulinus truncatus and lymnaea natalensis), each an intermediate host of parasites causing human schistosomiasis or fascioliasis. the plant was collected in two regions within egypt: fayium and giza. snails were exposed for 24 and 48 h, to the dry powdered fruits and leaves or to crude water extracts of the powders, and mortality was recorded. the water extract of the leav ... | 1997 | 9579213 |
| evaluation of three methods to control bulinus truncatus, the intermediate host of schistosoma haematobium in an irrigation scheme, tessaout-amont, morocco. | in morocco, the implementation of new irrigation schemes resulted in the introduction of schistosomiasis haematobium to new areas. canal structures (especially syphon boxes) were found to be favourable habitats for bulinus truncatus and they constitute important transmission sites. three methods for snail control in these syphon boxes were assessed in the tessaout-amont irrigation scheme. molluscicide (niclosamide) application resulted in a pronounced reduction in the snail population density, b ... | 1998 | 9588241 |
| expression of lex antigen in schistosoma japonicum and s.haematobium and immune responses to lex in infected animals: lack of lex expression in other trematodes and nematodes. | adults of the human parasitic trematode schistosoma mansoni, which causes hepatosplenic/intestinal complications in humans, synthesize glycoconjugates containing the lewis x (lex) galbeta1-->4(fucalpha1-->3)glcnacbeta1-->r, but not sialyl lewis x (slex), antigen. we now report on our analyses of lexand slexexpression in s.haematobium and s.japonicum, which are two other major species of human schistosomes that cause disease, and the possible autoimmunity to these antigens in infected individuals ... | 1998 | 9592128 |
| t and b cell reactivity to a 42-kda protein is associated with human resistance to both schistosomiasis mansoni and haematobium. | egyptian subjects living in areas endemic for schistosoma mansoni or schistosoma haematobium were selected on the basis of their apparent extremes of resistance or susceptibility to schistosomiasis and examined for t and b cell responses against the major electrophoretically resolved protein species from soluble adult worm extracts. a 42-kda band was specifically recognized by a significant majority of subjects resistant to schistosomiasis. the 42-kda species (p-42) from s. mansoni and s. haemat ... | 1998 | 9593026 |
| antigen-specific proliferation and interferon-gamma and interleukin-5 production are down-regulated during schistosoma haematobium infection. | antigen-specific cellular immune responses were examined in persons previously infected with schistosoma haematobium and who were, 2 years after chemotherapy, either free from infection (n = 17) or reinfected (n = 20). proliferation to adult worm antigen (awa) was significantly higher in uninfected than in reinfected subjects (p = .02), whereas responses to soluble egg antigen (sea) remained low in both groups. interleukin (il)-5 production in uninfected persons in response to awa and sea was hi ... | 1998 | 9593042 |
| schistosomiasis haematobia in mali: prevalence rate in school-age children as index of endemicity in the community. | in a nationwide survey of schistosomiasis conducted in mali from 1984 to 1989, 56265 individuals from 323 villages had their urine examined parasitologically using a filtration technique. from a sample of 242 children in 3 villages, aged 7 to 14 years, urine samples were collected and tested for haematuria using reagent strips. analysis of the age-specific prevalence rates of schistosoma haematobium infection showed a strong positive correlation between the prevalence rate in the 7-14 year-old a ... | 1998 | 9593361 |
| schistosomiasis surveillance associated with the lesotho highlands water project. | | 1998 | 9594998 |
| human ige, igg subclass, and igm responses to worm and egg antigens in schistosomiasis haematobium: a 12-month study of reinfection in cameroonian children. | levels of ige, igm, and igg subclasses against schistosoma haematobium adult worm antigen (awa) and soluble egg antigen (sea) in a cohort of 148 s. haematobium-infected schoolchildren were determined before and up to 12 months after chemotherapy. infection intensities were determined as concentrations of circulating anodic antigen (caa) in serum. one month posttreatment, the antibody levels of all isotypes against awa were increased, but 1 year after treatment they returned to pretreatment level ... | 1998 | 9597243 |
| use of monoclonal antibodies prepared against schistosoma mansoni hatching fluid antigens for demonstration of schistosoma haematobium circulating egg antigens in urine. | a panel of 17 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against schistosoma soluble egg antigens (seas) was produced from balb/c mice immunized with antigens secreted/excreted by schistosoma mansoni eggs. in this study, we demonstrate that 16 mabs were reactive with s. haematobium sea in addition to s. mansoni sea. the mabs were tested as potential immunodiagnostic reagents in a homologous sandwich elisa format to detect circulating soluble egg antigens (cseas) in serum and urine samples of s. mansoni- or s. ... | 1998 | 9598438 |
| [the distribution of freshwater molluscs the intermediate hosts of human schistosomas in katan, south-kivu]. | in eastern democratic republic of congo, the prevalence of bilharziasis due to schistosoma mansoni is high along the kivu lake shoreline where biomphalaria pfeifferi, i.e. the intermediate host of schistosoma mansoni, is the only snail that has been described until now. although their occurrence has not been reported in the area, other schistosomas remain possible since their intermediate hosts are present. this study was carried out in 1992 to determine the distribution of intermediate host sna ... | 1997 | 9612779 |
| seasonality as a determinant of the efficacy of praziquantel in population-based chemotherapy: lessons from the practice. | during october-november 1991, 1356 male farmers, 18-40 years old from a village in fayoum governorate, egypt, were examined for schistosoma haematobium infection. the prevalence of infection was 22.2%. infected farmers were treated immediately with praziquantel at the recommended dose of 40 mg/kg body weight in a single, oral dose. twelve weeks after treatment 86/262 (32.8%) infected farmers were negative for s. haematobium eggs in urine. in another study conducted in a satellite village in the ... | 1998 | 9617037 |
| studies on experimental mixed infection of schistosoma haematobium and schistosoma mansoni. | swiss albino mice have been infected with s. haematobium and challenged 4 weeks later with s. mansoni. parasitological, pathological and ultrastructural studies were done. the results revealed cross mating between the two species. a reduction in s. mansoni worm load, egg count, hepatic granuloma number and size was noticed. the presence of heterologous immunity was suggested. | 1998 | 9617060 |
| schistosome satellite dna encodes active hammerhead ribozymes. | using a computer program designed to search for rna structural motifs in sequence databases, we have found a hammerhead ribozyme domain encoded in the smalpha repetitive dna of schistosoma mansoni. transcripts of these repeats are expressed as long multimeric precursor rnas that cleave in vitro and in vivo into unit-length fragments. this rna domain is able to engage in both cis and trans cleavage typical of the hammerhead ribozyme. further computer analysis of s. mansoni dna identified a potent ... | 1998 | 9632772 |
| schistosomiasis of the urinary bladder in an african immigrant to north carolina. | a 30-year-old black man came to the emergency department with gross hematuria, prostatitis, and urethritis 4 months after immigrating to this country from the sudan in africa. urinalysis revealed hematuria and no ova or parasites. an intravenous urogram showed normal kidneys and ureters. the patient had cystoscopy with biopsies of an inflamed and ulcerated bladder mucosa. the nematode schistosoma haematobium and schistosome eggs were identified without evidence of urothelial malignancy. the pati ... | 1998 | 9634124 |
| chemotherapy accelerates the development of acquired immune responses to schistosoma haematobium infection. | treatment of 41 schistosoma haematobium-infected children, 5-16 years old, with the drug praziquantel induced a switch from a predominantly iga-specific antibody response to a predominantly igg1 response within 12 weeks. a cross-sectional survey suggests that the same switch occurs naturally, but over several years, as children age (n = 251). the switch may be driven by alterations in cytokine levels in response to the release of antigens by dead or damaged parasites. adults are more resistant t ... | 1998 | 9652458 |
| [an unusual case of macroscopic hematuria in pediatric age]. | an unusual case of macroscopic hematuria in a 14 year old boy is presented. at the time of the first hospital admission, no urinary tract infection could be demonstrated, in spite of the associated symptoms of stranguria and dysuria. at ultrasound examination, only a mild thickening of the upper bladder wall was detected, and cystoscopy showed a huge oedema and inflammation of the mucosal layer. the biopsy of the bladder was characterized by a definite eosinophilic infiltration; due to this part ... | 1998 | 9658427 |
| the relationship between hepatitis c virus and schistosomiasis: histopathologic evaluation of liver biopsy specimens. | the reported high incidence of anti-hcv seropositivity in the egyptian population seems surprising. some suggest that schistosomiasis is the responsible factor, either by producing false positivity for hcv antibodies or by predisposing to actual hcv infection in some way. in an attempt to investigate this unclear relationship on a histological level, we performed a thorough semiquantitative morphological study of liver biopsy specimens from 44 anti-hcv-positive egyptian patients with chronic liv ... | 1998 | 9670833 |
| urogenital schistosomiasis: an unusual discovery on cervical smears from a caucasian female. | | 1998 | 9684602 |
| ultrasound-detected hepatic periportal thickening in patients with prolonged pyrexia. | hepatic periportal thickening (hpt) detected by ultrasonography has been established as a reliable tool for measuring hepatic morbidity due to schistosomiasis. during ultrasonographic examination of patients with prolonged pyrexia, we frequently noticed minimal grades of hpt in patients without a history of schistosomiasis. this led to ultrasonographic studies of conditions other than schistosomiasis in which hpt may occur. subjects included 460 patients with schistosoma haematobium infection, 1 ... | 1998 | 9684626 |
| [infection by schistosoma intercalatum and probable hybridization with schistosoma haematobium in east africa. report of a case]. | it is reported the infection due to schistosoma intercalatum and the probable hybridization with schistosoma haematobium in a patient from the eastern region of africa, where it has not been demonstrated before. the main clinical manifestations were abdominal pain and diarrhea with blood. the diagnosis was possible thanks to the finding in the microscopic examination of the characteristic eggs of schistosoma intercalatum in faeces and urine by the modified technique of ziehl-neelsen. | 1997 | 9685990 |
| haematuria in coastal kenya is associated with schistosoma haematobium but not wuchereria bancrofti infection. | | 1998 | 9692154 |
| circulating anodic antigen levels in two areas endemic for schistosomiasis mansoni indicate differences in worm fecundity. | serum levels of the adult schistosome circulating anodic antigen (caa) were compared in 2 populations, both living in an area with extremely high transmission levels of schistosoma mansoni. in one focus (maniema, eastern zaire) transmission has been established for several decades, while in the other focus (ndombo, northern senegal) transmission started only recently. while parasite egg counts in the 2 populations were virtually similar, including analogous age-related distributions, serum level ... | 1998 | 9692172 |
| increased interleukin-4 and interleukin-5 production in response to schistosoma haematobium adult worm antigens correlates with lack of reinfection after treatment. | acquired immunity to human schistosomiasis correlates with increased serum levels of schistosome antigen-specific ige. since interleukin (il)-4 stimulates ige production, the hypothesis that th2-associated cell-mediated immunity participates in protection to reinfection was studied in a cohort of adolescent boys 12-18 months after chemotherapeutic cure in upper egypt. initial schistosoma haematobium prevalence was 51% and posttreatment incidence was 44%. water contact was similar between putativ ... | 1998 | 9697734 |
| effect of human immigration on the age distribution of schistosome infections in siavonga community, lake kariba, zambia. | a study on the distribution of schistosomiasis in the community at siavonga revealed schistosoma haematobium infection in 35.5% of 338 subjects and a geometric mean egg count (gmec) and (s.d.) of 13.7 (7.2) eggs/10 ml urine. the prevalence of s. mansoni infection among 323 subjects was 60.1%, with a gmec of 336.8 (4.8) eggs/g stool. among the infected, 69.5% carried both schistosome species. although prevalence of infection with either species was highest in those aged 10-14 years, high prevalen ... | 1998 | 9713543 |
| detection of circulating antigens in patients with active schistosoma haematobium infection. | an antigen-capture elisa using monoclonal antibody (mab) 128c3/3/21 was used to detect circulating parasite-derived antigens in the sera of patients actively infected with schistosoma haematobium (31 males and four females, 5-25 years of age). the assay had a sensitivity of 100% (35 of 35 patients with antigen levels > 80 ng/ml) and a specificity > 99%. we used this elisa to monitor antigenemia before treatment and one, three, and six months after treatment with a single oral dose of praziquante ... | 1998 | 9715950 |
| hla-dp control of human schistosoma haematobium infection. | the dpa1 and dpb1 alleles of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii were determined in 110 patients and 120 healthy controls of a gabonese population from an area endemic for schistosoma haematobium infection. the mhc-dp alleles of the variable second exons and their human leukocyte antigen (hla) epitopes were correlated with egg excretion, interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma patterns, and bladder abnormalities, as detected by ultrasonography. a methionine at position 11 of the dp al ... | 1998 | 9715951 |
| the effect of anti-il-10 on proliferation and cytokine production in human schistosomiasis: fresh versus cryopreserved cells. | in this study we neutralized endogenous il-10 in pbmc from individuals chronically infected with schistosoma haematobium by using anti-il-10 moabs, and examined the effect and adult worm antigen (awa)-specific responses in both fresh or cryopreserved cells. anti-il-10 alone increased background proliferation of pbmc, but did not augment the awa-specific responses in either fresh or frozen cells. in freshly isolated pbmc, ifn-gamma production in response to awa was enhanced significantly in the p ... | 1998 | 9717196 |