| identification and trichothecene genotypes of fusarium graminearum species complex from wheat in taiwan. | fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat caused by fusarium graminearum species complex (fgsc) is a devastating disease worldwide. the pathogens not only reduce the yield of wheat, but also impact the quality of wheat by contamination with trichothecene mycotoxins. a systematic investigation on the pathogens of fhb in taiwan is lacking. here, molecular and morphological approaches were used to identify species of the taiwanese fgsc isolates and determine their trichothecene genotypes. | 2017 | 28510187 |
| effect of trichoderma harzianum on maize rhizosphere microbiome and biocontrol of fusarium stalk rot. | fusarium stalk rot (fsr) caused by fusarium graminearum (fg) significantly affects the productivity of maize grain crops. application of agrochemicals to control the disease is harmful to environment. in this regard, use of biocontrol agent (bca) is an alternative to agrochemicals. although trichoderma species are known as bca, the selection of host-pathogen specific trichoderma is essential for the successful field application. hence, we screened a total of 100 trichoderma isolates against fg, ... | 2017 | 28496167 |
| similarities between reproductive and immune pistil transcriptomes of arabidopsis species. | independent lines of evidence suggest that members from ancient and polymorphic gene families such as defensins and receptor-like kinases mediate intercellular communication during both the immune response and reproduction. here, we report a large-scale analysis to investigate the extent of overlap between these processes by comparing differentially expressed genes (degs) in the pistil transcriptomes of arabidopsis thaliana and arabidopsis halleri during self-pollination and interspecific pollin ... | 2017 | 28483878 |
| aspergillus ficuum phytase activity is inhibited by cereal grain components. | in the current study, we report for the first time that grain components of barley, rice, wheat and maize can inhibit the activity of aspergillus ficuum phytase. the phytase inhibition is dose dependent and varies significantly between cereal species, between cultivars of barley and cultivars of wheat and between fusarium graminearum infected and non-infected wheat grains. the highest endpoint level of phytase activity inhibition was 90%, observed with grain protein extracts (gpe) from f. gramin ... | 2017 | 28472144 |
| a spatial temporal analysis of the fusarium graminearum transcriptome during symptomless and symptomatic wheat infection. | fusarium head blight of wheat is one of the most serious and hazardous crop diseases worldwide. here, a transcriptomic investigation of fusarium graminearum reveals a new model for symptomless and symptomatic wheat infection. the predicted metabolic state and secretome of f. graminearum were distinct within symptomless and symptomatic wheat tissues. transcripts for genes involved in the biosynthesis of the mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol, plus other characterized and putative secondary metabolite clus ... | 2017 | 28466509 |
| identification of a trichothecene production inhibitor by chemical array and library screening using trichodiene synthase as a target protein. | trichothecene mycotoxins often accumulate in apparently normal grains of cereal crops. in an effort to develop an agricultural chemical to reduce trichothecene contamination, we screened trichothecene production inhibitors from the compounds on the chemical arrays. by using the trichodiene (tdn) synthase tagged with hexahistidine (rtri5) as a target protein, 32 hit compounds were obtained from chemical library of the riken natural product depository (npdepo) by chemical array screening. at 10μgm ... | 2017 | 28456298 |
| the fgvps39-fgvam7-fgsso1 complex mediates vesicle trafficking and is important for the development and virulence of fusarium graminearum. | vesicle trafficking is an important event in eukaryotic organisms. many proteins and lipids transported between different organelles or compartments are essential for survival. these processes are mediated by soluble n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (snare) proteins, rab-gtpases, and multisubunit tethering complexes such as class c core vacuole or endosome tethering and homotypic fusion or vacuole protein sorting (hops). our previous study has demonstrated that fgvam ... | 2017 | 28437167 |
| the glycogen synthase kinase mogsk1, regulated by mps1 map kinase, is required for fungal development and pathogenicity in magnaporthe oryzae. | magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of blast disease, is one of the most destructive plant pathogens, causing significant yield losses on staple crops such as rice and wheat. the fungus infects plants with a specialized cell called an appressorium, whose development is tightly regulated by mapk signaling pathways following the activation of upstream sensors in response to environmental stimuli. here, we show the expression of the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk3) mogsk1 in m. oryzae is regulate ... | 2017 | 28424497 |
| synthesis of 1,2,3-thiadiazole and thiazole-based strobilurins as potent fungicide candidates. | strobilurin fungicides play a crucial role in protecting plants against different pathogens and securing food supplies. a series of 1,2,3-thiadiazole and thiazole-based strobilurins were rationally designed, synthesized, characterized, and tested against various fungi. introduction of 1,2,3-thiadiazole greatly improved the fungicidal activity of the target molecules. compounds 8a, 8c, 8d, and 10i exhibited a relatively broad spectrum of fungicidal activity. compound 8a showed excellent activitie ... | 2017 | 28055187 |
| synthesis of novel pyrimethanil grafted chitosan derivatives with enhanced antifungal activity. | in this study, three pyrimethanil grafted chitosan (pml-g-cs) derivatives were obtained. the structures of the conjugates were confirmed by ft-ir, (1)h nmr, and ea. the grafting ratios were measured by hplc. antifungal properties of pyrimethanil grafted chitosan (pml-g-cs) derivatives against the plant pathogenic fungi rhizoctonia solani and gibberella zeae were investigated at concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 mg/l. the pml-g-cs derivatives showed enhanced antifungal activity in comparison wi ... | 2016 | 27529072 |
| fusarium and mycotoxin spectra in swiss barley are affected by various cropping techniques. | fusarium head blight is one of the most important cereal diseases worldwide. cereals differ in terms of the main occurring fusarium species and the infection is influenced by various factors, such as weather and cropping measures. little is known about fusarium species in barley in switzerland, hence harvest samples from growers were collected in 2013 and 2014, along with information on respective cropping factors. the incidence of different fusarium species was obtained by using a seed health t ... | 2016 | 27491813 |
| synthesis and antifungal activity of dehydroabietic acid-based 1,3,4-thiadiazole-thiazolidinone compounds. | in an attempt to search for new natural products-based antifungal agents, a series of novel dehydroabietic acid derivatives bearing a 1,3,4-thiadiazole-thiazolidinone moiety were designed and synthesized. the primary bioassay used showed that at a concentration of [formula: see text], the target compounds 3c, 3f, and 3n exhibited excellent antifungal activity (91.3 % inhibition) against gibberella zeae, which was equivalent to the commercial antifungal drug azoxystrobin (positive control). | 2016 | 27480629 |
| crystal structures, vibrational spectra, and fungicidal activity of 1,5-diaryl-3-oxypyrazoles. | the aryloxypyrazole structure is present in a number of bioactive molecules. four 1,5-diaryl-3-oxypyrazoles containing benzoyl (i), thiazolidinethione (ii and iii) or per-o-acetylated glucopyranosyl (iv) moieties were characterized by single-crystal x-ray diffraction. compounds i and ii crystallize in a triclinic p-1 system, whereas iii and iv crystallize in an orthorhombic pbca and a monoclinic p21 space groups, respectively. the dihedral angles between the two benzene rings of the pyrazole are ... | 2014 | 24451250 |
| detection and dynamics of different carbendazim-resistance conferring β-tubulin variants of gibberella zeae collected from infected wheat heads and rice stubble in china. | carbendazim has been used in the control of fusarium head blight (fhb) for more than 30 years in china. thus, carbendazim-resistant (car(r) ) populations of gibberella zeae have developed in some areas. in this study, 9341 g. zeae isolates were collected from the ten main wheat-producing regions of china in the period from 2008 to 2012, and sensitivity to carbendazim was detected. | 2014 | 24302656 |
| 2h-pyran-2-one and 2h-furan-2-one derivatives from the plant endophytic fungus pestalotiopsis fici. | two new α-pyrones (=2h-pyran-2-ones), ficipyrones a and b (1 and 2, resp.), and two new α-furanones (=2h-furan-2-ones), ficifuranones a and b (3 and 4, resp.), together with three known metabolites, antibiotic f 0368 (5), hydroxyseiridin (6), and hydroxyisoseiridin (7), were isolated from solid cultures of the plant endophytic fungus pestalotiopsis fici. their structures were elucidated primarily by nmr spectroscopy, and the absolute configuration of 1 was deduced from the circular-dichroism (cd ... | 2013 | 24243609 |
| hydroxylation of lithocholic acid by selected actinobacteria and filamentous fungi. | selected actinobacteria and filamentous fungi of different taxonomy were screened for the ability to carry out regio- and stereospecific hydroxylation of lithocholic acid (lca) at position 7β. the production of ursodeoxycholic acid (udca) was for the first time shown for the fungal strains of bipolaris, gibberella, cunninghamella and curvularia, as well as for isolated actinobacterial strains of pseudonocardia, saccharothrix, amycolatopsis, lentzea, saccharopolyspora and nocardia genera. along w ... | 2013 | 23333587 |
| mitochondrial carnitine-dependent acetyl coenzyme a transport is required for normal sexual and asexual development of the ascomycete gibberella zeae. | fungi have evolved efficient metabolic mechanisms for the exact temporal (developmental stages) and spatial (organelles) production of acetyl coenzyme a (acetyl-coa). we previously demonstrated mechanistic roles of several acetyl-coa synthetic enzymes, namely, atp citrate lyase and acetyl-coa synthetases (acss), in the plant-pathogenic fungus gibberella zeae. in this study, we characterized two carnitine acetyltransferases (cats; cat1 and cat2) to obtain a better understanding of the metabolic p ... | 2012 | 22798392 |
| functional analyses of the nitrogen regulatory gene area in gibberella zeae. | fusarium head blight caused by gibberella zeae is a prominent disease of cereal crops that poses serious human health concerns due to the contamination of grains with mycotoxins. in this study, we deleted an orthologue of area, which is a global nitrogen regulator in filamentous fungi, to characterize its functions in g. zeae. the area deletion resulted in an inability to use nitrate as a sole nitrogen source, whereas urea utilization was partially available. the virulence of δarea strains on wh ... | 2012 | 22702217 |
| a putative transcription factor myt2 regulates perithecium size in the ascomycete gibberella zeae. | the homothallic ascomycete fungus gibberella zeae is a plant pathogen that is found worldwide, causing fusarium head blight (fhb) in cereal crops and ear rot of maize. ascospores formed in fruiting bodies (i.e., perithecia) are hypothesized to be the primary inocula for fhb disease. perithecium development is a complex cellular differentiation process controlled by many developmentally regulated genes. in this study, we selected a previously reported putative transcription factor containing the ... | 2012 | 22649560 |
| functional analyses of regulators of g protein signaling in gibberella zeae. | regulators of g protein signaling (rgs) proteins make up a highly diverse and multifunctional protein family that plays a critical role in controlling heterotrimeric g protein signaling. in this study, seven rgs genes (fgflba, fgflbb, fgrgsa, fgrgsb, fgrgsb2, fgrgsc, and fggprk) were functionally characterized in the plant pathogenic fungus, gibberella zeae. mutant phenotypes were observed for deletion mutants of fgrgsa and fgrgsb in vegetative growth, fgflbb and fgrgsb in conidia morphology, fg ... | 2012 | 22634273 |
| mannitol induces the conversion of conidia to chlamydospore-like structures that confer enhanced tolerance to heat, drought, and uv in gibberella zeae. | fungi use mannitol to store carbon, balance redox, and mannitol serves as an antioxidant. several fungi also increase stress tolerance by accumulating mannitol. the results of this study showed that conidia of the cereal head blight fungus gibberella zeae were readily changed to chlamydospore-like structures (cls) in cultures supplemented with high amounts of mannitol. cls cellular features were atypical of chlamydospores, but accumulated high levels of glycogen, lipids, and chitin in the cytopl ... | 2012 | 22580127 |
| β-tubulins in gibberella zeae: their characterization and contribution to carbendazim resistance. | fusarium head blight caused by gibberella zeae is an important disease of wheat and barley because it reduces grain yield and quality and results in the contamination of grain with mycotoxins. recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of g. zeae is not caused by mutation of the β-tubulin gene (β₁ tub), which is the case with other filamentous fungi, but that fungicide resistance is greatly increased by deletion of β₁ tub. the aim of the present study was to clarify t ... | 2012 | 22522694 |
| differential roles of pyruvate decarboxylase in aerial and embedded mycelia of the ascomycete gibberella zeae. | the pyruvate-acetaldehyde-acetate (paa) pathway has diverse roles in eukaryotes. our previous study on acetyl-coenzyme a synthetase 1 (acs1) in gibberella zeae suggested that the paa pathway is important for lipid production, which is required for perithecia maturation. in this study, we deleted all three pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc) genes, which encode enzymes that function upstream of acs1 in the paa pathway. results suggest pdc1 is required for lipid accumulation in the aerial mycelia, and de ... | 2012 | 22276936 |
| production of fusarenon-x, nivalenol, and zearalenone by gibberella zeae isolates, and their toxicity in fibroblasts and rats. | three isolates ofgibberella zeae, the perfect stage offusarium graminearum, were isolated from ground corn cultures obtained from taiwan in 1985 and identified asgibberella zeae l-1, g. zeae i-5, andg. zeae l-7. the isolates were grown on a solid rice medium and extracts prepared with 75% aqueous methanol. the extracts were examined for toxicity in the following systems: (1) cytotoxicity to cultured normal human diploid skin fibroblasts and mouse fibroblasts; and (2) toxicity to rats of unextrac ... | 1988 | 23605160 |