| aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in neurosurgical infections. per-operative culture with flexible contact agar film. | fourteen of 80 patients (17.5 per cent) who underwent elective craniotomy preceded by a strict pre-operative routine of skin decontamination contracted postoperative wound infection. most of the infections were probably from endogenous sources and from eight of the wounds low-virulent resident skin bacteria, propionibacterium acnes and/or staphylococcus epidermidis, were isolated. since thorough pre-operative preparation of the skin did not reduce the incidence of infection to an acceptable leve ... | 1984 | 6205054 |
| antiviral effects of corynebacterium parvum and its effect on the interferon system in mice. | | 1984 | 6206840 |
| immunologic approaches to the management of ovarian carcinoma. | | 1984 | 6207593 |
| protection by polyi:polyc against infection with herpes simplex virus in mice pretreated with corynebacterium parvum. | the effect of corynebacterium parvum on the protection by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyi:polyc) against lethal infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv) was studied in mice. pretreatment with c. parvum resulted in prolonged survival times in all experiments. one third of the mice survived an infection with 100 ld50, whereas all mice died when treated with polyi:polyc alone. increased protection was observed up to 6 weeks after pretreatment and only seen when both c. parvum and pol ... | 1983 | 6209572 |
| immunotherapy in genitourinary neoplasia. | the putative role of the immune response in the natural defense against neoplasia remains poorly defined. correspondingly, its potential recruitment as a means of cancer therapy has remained unfulfilled. the intricate interactions of immune response mechanisms as well as the heterogeneity of tumor cells themselves have contributed to this situation. moreover, the immunosenescence that occurs during aging may have further compromised potential means of recruiting immune response mechanisms in tre ... | 1984 | 6209844 |
| the efficacy of a topical preparation containing erythromycin in the treatment of acne. | | 1982 | 6212272 |
| clinical use of a selective culture medium for wild and antibiotic-resistant propionibacterium acnes. | | 1982 | 6212602 |
| effects of different fractions of corynebacterium parvum on the cytotoxic t-cell response to alloantigens in mice. | the effects of several biochemically derived fractions of corynebacterium parvum and chemically treated intact organisms on the generation of cytotoxic t-lymphocytes (ctl) were assessed in a tumor allograft model with the use of c57bl/6 and dba/2 mice. the acid-modified, active and inactive fragmented preparations and pyridine extract and residue were all capable of inhibiting primary spleen cell allocytotoxicity. only the active fragmented, pyridine residue and unfractionated preparations cause ... | 1982 | 6213807 |
| evaluation of topical erythromycin and oral tetracycline in acne vulgaris. | a double-blind study was conducted to compare topical erythromycin 1.5 percent solution (staticin solution) with oral tetracycline (250 mg) twice a day in fifty-four patients with grades ii and iii acne vulgaris. although both therapies produced a statistically significant reduction in the number and severity of the acne lesions, the topical preparation usually showed an effect earlier and to a greater degree than the oral medication. by the end of the study, some of these differences were stati ... | 1982 | 6214377 |
| [cytotoxicity in acne vulgaris]. | three cellular cytotoxic lymphocytary populations were studied in patients with different forms of inflammatory acne vulgaris: direct or spontaneous, antibodies dependent and phytohemagglutinine stimulated. to these was added "propionibacterium acnes" from cultures of material extracted separately from comedones and pustules. the direct or spontaneous and antibodies dependent cytotoxicity were normal. the subpopulation responsible of the phytohemagglutinine stimulated cytotoxicity has shown a cl ... | 1982 | 6214674 |
| comedonal levels of free clindamycin following topical treatment with a 1% solution of clindamycin phosphate. | comedones were extracted from twenty subjects using topical 1% clindamycin phosphate and were assayed for free clindamycin. positive specimens were obtained from sixteen subjects at 2 weeks and from eighteen at 4 weeks, with levels of 0.06 to 1.49 micrograms/mg. mean content was 0.39 +/- 0.08 micrograms/mg and 0.6 +/- 0.11 micrograms/mg, respectively. these values closely match levels previously determined following treatment with clindamycin hydrochloride, which may explain how these two esters ... | 1982 | 6215433 |
| high-level induction of gamma interferon with various mitogens in mice pretreated with propionibacterium acnes. | various t-cell mitogens induced high levels of circulating gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) in mice that had been pretreated with propionibacterium acnes. administration of lipopolysaccharide, a b-cell mitogen, to these mice also caused pronounced production of ifn-gamma in addition to ifn-alpha and ifn-beta. the enhanced induction was most marked at about 1 week after the pretreatment. | 1982 | 6216215 |
| anti-p. acnes antibody in comedonal extracts. | extracts of comedonal material obtained from patients with acne vulgaris were analyzed for albumin, igg, igm, iga, and anti-propionibacterium acnes antibodies using immunodiffusion and anti-immunoglobulin hemagglutination tests. extracts were obtained from comedones of patients with (1) comedonal, (2) papulopustular, (3) nodular-cystic, (4) "burned out" acne, (5) patients under oral tetracycline treatment, and (6) with pustules. in all comedonal extracts analyzed, albumin and igg (ratio approxim ... | 1983 | 6217259 |
| propionibacterium acnes resistance to antibiotics in acne patients. | the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of propionibacterium acnes in seventy-five acne patients receiving long-term antibiotic therapy demonstrated the emergence of resistant strains. the mean mic in thirty-three patients receiving long-term tetracycline was four to five times higher than that found in control groups of acne patients not receiving antibiotic therapy and controls free of acne. the average mic for erythromycin was more than 100 times higher in those receiving long-term antibio ... | 1983 | 6219134 |
| effect of 13-cis-retinoic acid on sebum production and propionibacterium acnes in severe nodulocystic acne. | ten patients treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid demonstrated a 70% reduction in sebum excretion on the forehead and cheek. an average reduction of 66% occurred in the 1st month, slowly increased to 70% by the 3rd month, and then remained constant for the final 2 months of therapy. concomitant with this sebum excretion reduction was a fall in the number of propionibacterium acnes recovered from both sites. pretreatment values of 10(4) p. acnes per square centimeter (cm2) fell to 10(3) per cm2 afte ... | 1982 | 6219631 |
| chemotactic efficiency of various chemoattractants for polymorphonuclear leukocytes in inflammatory acne vulgaris. | the chemoattractant efficiencies of a propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) cell wall preparation, a p. acnes culture supernatant, and a soluble comedonal extract in the presence and absence of autologous serum for polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) have been compared in the present study. it has been found that all three preparations have no or very little chemotactic activity for pmns in the absence of serum. in the presence of autologous serum chemotactic factors is generated by all preparation ... | 1982 | 6219635 |
| role of corynebacterium parvum in the activation of peritoneal macrophages. ii. identification of distinguishable anti-tumor activities by macrophage subpopulations. | two different mechanisms of murine macrophage (mp) antitumor activity are described in this report. c. parvum-activated peritoneal mps were tested for cytotoxic and cytostatic activity 4 days after ip immunization. cytotoxic activity could be distinguished from cytostatic activity using two different assay protocols. when mps were separated by 1g velocity sedimentation, cytotoxic mps were confined to high velocity fractions. in contrast, cytostatic mps were found in cell fractions with velocitie ... | 1983 | 6219754 |
| effects of treatment with erythromycin 1.5 percent topical solution or clindamycin phosphate 1.0 percent topical solution on p. acnes counts and free fatty acid levels. | twenty healthy subjects (7 men and 13 women) with average baseline p. acnes counts equal to or greater than 1.0 x 10(5) were treated twice a day for eleven days in a randomized, double-blind study with either erythromycin 1.5 percent topical solution or clindamycin phosphate 1.0 percent topical solution. p. acnes counts and free fatty acid (ffa) measurements were performed before treatment, and on days 4 and 11 of treatment. statistically significant reductions in p. acnes counts were produced i ... | 1983 | 6220870 |
| comparative activity of benzoyl peroxide and hexachlorophene. in vivo studies against propionibacterium acnes in humans. | the bactericidal effects of benzoyl peroxide (5% lotion) and hexachlorophene (3% colloidal suspension) against propionibacterium acnes were compared in nine healthy college students who had the microbiological and skin lipid characteristics typical of acne vulgaris, but no active lesions. each of the two medications was applied twice daily, to opposite sides of the face, for four consecutive weeks. hexachlorophene was effective against surface aerobes but only slightly active against p acnes. it ... | 1983 | 6222704 |
| effect of corynebacterium parvum-mediated inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation on the effector- and suppressor-lymphocyte response in contact allergy. | | 1982 | 6223601 |
| propionibacteria in patients with acne vulgaris and in healthy persons. | a total of 375 anaerobic and microaerophilic coryneform rods, isolated from the pilosebaceous ducts of 26 healthy persons (71 strains) and from comedones (93 strains), pustules (107 strains), and the unaffected skin (104 strains) of 36 acne patients were classified according to the species key in bergey's manual, the biotyping scheme of pulverer and ko, the serotyping schedule of höffer et al., and the phage typing schedule of jong et al. the statistical evaluation demonstrated certain differenc ... | 1983 | 6223602 |
| teichomycin: in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation in comparison with other antibiotics. | teichomycin, a new glycopeptide antibiotic with a spectrum of activity similar to that of vancomycin, was highly active against staphylococci, streptococci and gram-positive anaerobes (propionibacterium acnes, clostridium perfringens and cl. difficile). ninety per cent of the staphylococcus aureus and streptococcal strains, including enterococci, were inhibited by 0.4 mg/l; 90% of staph. epidermidis strains were susceptible to 1.6 mg/l. vancomycin was less active than teichomycin against all cli ... | 1983 | 6223907 |
| resistance of propionibacteria to antibiotics used in the treatment of acne. | strains of propionibacteria resistant to clindamycin or clindamycin and erythromycin were isolated from four patients with acne, three of whom were receiving clindamycin. four strains of p. acnes and one of p. granulosum with moderate levels of tetracycline resistance were isolated from 25 patients with acne being treated with tetracycline. a similar increase in tetracycline resistance was achieved by training sensitive strains in vitro. p. acnes was sensitive to sulphonamide and trimethoprim bu ... | 1983 | 6224016 |
| what causes acne? | | 1983 | 6224128 |
| [acne: pathogenesis and therapy]. | | 1983 | 6225028 |
| synergistic effect between neutrophils and corynebacterium parvum in the process of macrophage activation. | adoptive transfer of granulocytes exposed to corynebacterium parvum in vivo or in vitro efficiently activates murine peritoneal macrophages in vivo. a comparison of the amount of bacteria required to produce similar levels of cytolytic activity indicated that 2 x 10(7) intracellular (neutrophil) bacteria were as efficient as 1 x 10(10) bacteria introduced directly. the time courses of macrophage cytotoxicity induced by these two methods were found comparable. similar levels of activity were also ... | 1984 | 6228293 |
| an immunological mechanism for the reduced incidence of malignant melanoma in patients with acne? | | 1984 | 6229266 |
| skin microbiology: coming of age. | | 1984 | 6229637 |
| effects of sub-lethal concentrations of the antimicrobial agent propylene phenoxetol on the growth and extracellular enzymes of propionibacterium acnes. | propionibacterium acnes was grown in continuous culture in the presence of propylene phenoxetol. at sub-lethal concentrations of this antimicrobial agent (0.025-0.1% w/v) steady-state growth conditions were achieved. in comparison with the control, cell biomass, maximum specific growth rates and levels of the extracellular lipase and hyaluronate-lyase, decreased with increasing concentrations of propylene phenoxetol. levels of protease activity remained approximately constant whilst production o ... | 1984 | 6231455 |
| the mode of action of ethyl lactate as a treatment for acne. | we have shown that an alcoholic lotion containing ethyl lactate when applied topically to rat skin under occlusion became localized in the follicles and sebaceous glands. when applied to human facial skin the ethyl lactate was hydrolysed to ethanol and lactic acid, and thereby lowered the skin ph. under such conditions the growth of recoverable skin bacteria, in particular the anaerobe propionibacterium acnes, was inhibited, and the hydrolysis of sebum to free fatty acids by lipase derived from ... | 1984 | 6231941 |
| effects of corynebacterium parvum after intraperitoneal injection in hamsters. | | 1984 | 6233193 |
| bacteriology and acne. | | 1984 | 6233232 |
| acne treatment with topical erythromycin and zinc: effect of propionibacterium acnes and free fatty acid composition. | a double-blind investigation has been conducted to examine the effect of topical 4% erythromycin/1.2% zinc acetate solution and its vehicle on quantitative bacterial counts (skin surface washings) of propionibacterium acnes and the free fatty acids of the skin surface. the logarithmic counts for p. acnes in the erythromycin/zinc group showed a significant reduction (98%) following 10 weeks of therapy. this compared with a 43% change shown for the vehicle-control group. a significant reduction (6 ... | 1984 | 6234335 |
| the microbial ecology of pilosebaceous units isolated from human skin. | a method allowing isolation and microbiological analysis of individual pilosebaceous units (follicles) was used to study biopsies of back skin obtained from volunteer acne vulgaris patients. the main microbial groups isolated were members of the genera propionibacterium, staphylococcus and pityrosporum. the incidence (and mean density) of these organisms in 140 normal follicles was 12% (2.6 x 10(5) per follicle), 4% (5.5 x 10(3) per follicle) and 13% (10(2) per follicle) respectively. colonized ... | 1984 | 6234376 |
| paradoxical presence of t cell anergy during successful t cell-dependent tumour immunotherapy: characterization of a state of t cell 'amnaesia' following systemic administration of c. parvum. | systemic administration of corynebacterium parvum causes t cell-dependent regression of an established methylcholanthrene-induced murine fibrosarcoma beginning 10 days after cp injection. at this time, tumour specific effector t cell responses measured by reactivity in a t helper cell assay or in a winn assay disappear only to return later. we refer to this temporary lapse in t cell reactivity as immunological 'amnaesia'. antigen specific t cell responses within all lymphoid organs appear to be ... | 1984 | 6235074 |
| regulation of natural killer cell activation: implementation for the control of tumor metastasis. | the cellular interactions that regulate natural killer (nk) cell-mediated cytotoxicity and antimetastatic activity following treatment with biological response modifiers (brm) were studied. the transient activation of nk cells by a single injection of corynebacterium parvum is followed by a refractory period during which a second injection of brm fails to stimulate the already depressed nk cell activity. during this hyporesponsive period, the in vivo nk cell-dependent brm-induced antimetastatic ... | 1983 | 6235447 |
| intradermal injection of propionibacterium acnes: a model of inflammation relevant to acne. | the intradermal injection of 140 micrograms of propionibacterium acnes (cn 6134) into the ears of female sprague-dawley rats produced a chronic inflammation with formation of acneiform lesions. inflammation was characterized by more than a doubling of ear thickness at 24 h and a peak of 3-4 times control levels at day 21. at 42 days post injection ears were still 3 times normal thickness. histologically there was early polymorph accumulation giving way to macrophages and lymphocytes by day 7. pi ... | 1984 | 6238104 |
| antimicrobial properties of gentamicin on the skin. | | 1984 | 6238917 |
| acne. | | 1984 | 6238981 |
| [antagonistic properties of propionibacterium strains isolated from acne lesions]. | | 1984 | 6239963 |
| cell to cell interactions of capnocytophaga and bacteroides species with other oral bacteria and their potential role in development of plaque. | | 1984 | 6241228 |
| heterogeneity of macrophages and dendritic cells as accessory cells. | a number of different antigens was used to define the functional limits of ia-bearing murine dendritic cells and macrophages in the processing and presentation of antigens for t cell activation. the results show considerable functional overlap as well as differences attributable to known properties of the cells. thus both cell types could present soluble antigens up to the size of polymeric flagellin (m.w. in millions) about equally well. the nonphagocytic dendritic cells were most effective at ... | 1984 | 6241597 |
| [characteristics of propionibacterium strains isolated from patients with acne juvenilis and from healthy persons]. | | 1984 | 6242063 |
| adjuvant-induced selective recruitment of specifically reactive lymphocytes: a probable mechanism of adjuvant action. | | 1980 | 6245138 |
| effect of c. parvum on intratumor immunity to the t1699 mammary adenocarcinoma. | | 1980 | 6247400 |
| macrophage extrinsic antiviral activity during herpes simplex virus infection. | peritoneal macrophages from mice infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) exhibited extrinsic antiviral resistance. when the macrophages were co-cultivated in vitro with virus-infected cells the yield of virus was reduced markedly. activity was not present 1 to 2 days p.i., peaked at 3 to 4 days, declined by 7 days and was absent at 14 days after hsv-2 infection. the extrinsic antiviral activity was limited to the adherent peritoneal macrophage population. the macrophage antiviral activ ... | 1980 | 6247426 |
| the comparative selectivity of adjuvants for humoral and cell-mediated immunity. i. effect on the antibody response to bovine serum albumin and sheep red blood cells of freund's incomplete and complete adjuvants, alhydrogel, corynebacterium parvum, bordetella pertussis, muramyl dipeptide and saponin. | a comparison was made of seven recognized adjuvants, freund's incomplete and complete, alhydrogel, corynebacterium parvum, bordetella pertussis, muramyl dipeptide and saponin, administered with bsa or srbc by the s.c. route of immunization. strong selectivity as well as differences in potency were revealed in relation to these two antigens. only fia, fca, alhydrogel and mdp promoted the primary response to 50 microgram of bsa, and fia was significantly superior to fca. immunological memory to a ... | 1980 | 6248282 |
| the comparative selectivity of adjuvants for humoral and cell-mediated immunity. ii. effect on delayed-type hypersensitivity in the mouse and guinea pig, and cell-mediated immunity to tumour antigens in the mouse of freund's incomplete and complete adjuvants, alhydrogel, corynebacterium parvum, bordetella pertussis, muramyl dipeptide and saponin. | corynebacterium parvum was the only adjuvant of those tested which consistently potentiated delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) to sheep red blood cells (srbc) in the mouse, although this required the antigen-adjuvant mixture to be injected subcutaneously in the footpad rather than the flank. for induction of dth to ovalbumin (ova) in the guinea pig, c. parvum and mdp could be substituted for the mycobacteria in fca. c. parvum was effective in aqueous solution provided that the ova was absorbed ... | 1980 | 6248283 |
| systemic candidiasis in mice. ii.--main role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in resistance to infection. | cyclophosphamide (cy) increased whereas the talc embedded in a calcium phosphate gel (tcp) decreased the susceptibility of mice to systemic candidiasis estimated by measuring mean survival time and "renal infectivity" 12 h after challenge. transfers of plasma from cy- and tcp-treated mice did not modify cnadidiasis susceptibility of recipient mice. granulopenia and granulocytosis induced respectively by cy and tcp were significantly correlated with susceptibility or resistance to candidiasis. ne ... | 1980 | 6249181 |
| influence of various immunomodulators on the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in lewis rats. | | 1980 | 6250977 |
| changes in macrophage ectoenzymes associated with anti-tumor activity. | the phenotype of three ectoenzymes was determined for murine resident peritoneal macrophages, macrophages elicited in vivo by treatment of mice with thioglycollate, corynebacterium parvum or pyran, and for resident macrophages activated in vitro by treatment with lymphokine. the relationship of these biochemical markers to macrophage antiviral and anti-tumor activity was established. thioglycollate-elicited macrophages showed a unique ectoenzyme phenotype, with increased leucine aminopeptidase a ... | 1980 | 6251133 |
| gas-liquid chromatography of bacterial fatty acids with a fused-silica capillary column. | the use of flexible, fused-silica capillary column for gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of bacterial fatty acids is illustrated with propionibacterium acnes, propionibacterium shermanii, and a standard methyl ester mixture. | 1980 | 6252239 |
| action of three species of propionibacteria (p. granulosum, p. acnes, p. avidum) on experimental tumor systems in mice. | the antitumor activity of three different species of propionibacteria (p. granulosum, p. avidum and p. acnes) against murine sarcoma 180 and moloney-sarcoma-virus-induced tumor (msv tumor) was investigated. all three propionibacteria injected intraperitoneally or intratumorally in multiple doses of 1 mg per mouse appeared to be effective regarding the retardation of growth and the stimulation of regression of sarcoma 180 in cfw mice. moreover, the application of propionibacteria significantly pr ... | 1980 | 6252722 |
| observations on the nature of the determinants in anaerobic coryneforms which produce splenomegaly. | | 1981 | 6259348 |
| enhanced chemiluminescence production by purified macrophage monolayers from c. parvum-treated mice. | chemiluminescence (cl) of both corynebacterium parvum (c. parvum) and saline elicited murine peritoneal macrophage monolayers was studied employing a luminol-dependent assay. glycogen-induced macrophages were obtained from animals that had been injected 7-10 days previously with either c. parvum or phosphate buffered saline (pbs). peritoneal exudate cells (3 x 10(6)) were allowed to attach to an 18 mm diameter glass cover slip, and then were cultured an additional 20-24 hr. the cover slips were ... | 1981 | 6262276 |
| lasting engraftment of histoincompatible bone marrow cells in dogs. | conditioning protocols were tested for their efficacy in increasing the incidence of engraftment of histoincompatible dog bone marrow cells. cyclophosphamide and total body irradation (tbi), corynebacterium parvum and tbi, a 3- or 5-day delayed transfusion of bone marrow cells after tbi, or an increase in the number of donor bone marrow cells or lymphocytes appeared to be ineffective. these protocols were previously reported to promote recovery of splenic hemopoiesis in mice in short-term assays ... | 1981 | 6262956 |
| chemoimmunotherapy of small cell bronchogenic carcinoma with vp-16-213, ifosfamide, vincristine, adriamycin, and corynebacterium parvum. | thirty-five consecutive patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma (scbc) received chemoimmunotherapy with vp-16-213, ifosfamide, vincristine, adriamycin, and corynebacterium parvum. of 33 evaluable patients, 26 (79%) responded with complete (55%) or partial (24%) remissions. complete remissions were more common among patients with limited disease (11/14 patients, 79%) compared with those with extensive disease (7/19 patients, 37%) and among patients (11/14 patients, 79%) compared with thos ... | 1981 | 6263454 |
| detection of either rapidly cytolytic macrophages or nk cells in "activated" peritoneal exudates depends on the method of analysis and the target cell type. | the nature of the cytotoxic cells present in the peritoneal cavity of rats treated with bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) or corynebacterium parvum was investigated using a 6 hr chromium release assay and a quantitative method of analysis based on consideration of target-cell killing as an enzyme-substrate reaction. when the results of cell-fractionation experiments were evaluated in terms of recovery of total lytic units and when appropriate target cells (such as sarcoma mc7) were used, the simulta ... | 1981 | 6263794 |
| the activation state of macrophage subpopulations from a murine fibrosarcoma. | we have separated subpopulations of macrophages from an immunogenic fibrosarcoma by the technique of unit gravity velocity sedimentation. the activation state of these subpopulations was determined by measurement of the fc receptor avidity of adherent cells, and by their 5' nucleotidase and acid phosphatase activity. the subpopulations were compared to resident peritoneal macrophages and the peritoneal macrophage subpopulations elicited by injection of proteose peptone or c. parvum. the results ... | 1980 | 6263810 |
| labeling and distribution of technetium-99m corynebacterium parvum as determined by whole-body imaging. | | 1981 | 6266643 |
| inhibition of experimental tumor metastasis by selective activation of natural killer cells. | the antitumor activity generated by selective activation of natural killer (nk) cells was studied in vitro and in vivo. unlike corynebacterium parvum cn6134, which activated both nk cells and macrophages, periodate-oxidized c. parvum cn6134 lost the ability to activate macrophages but retained almost all the nk-stimulating capacity of the untreated bacterium. the "inactive" c. parvum strain cn5888 also induced a modest, but selective, activation of nk cells. the enhanced nk cell-mediated cytotox ... | 1982 | 6277482 |
| inability of tumour cells to elicit the respiratory burst in cytotoxic, activated macrophages. | activated macrophages from corynebacterium parvum-treated mice are cytotoxic to non-antibody-coated tumour cells and have an augmented respiratory burst potential when compared to resident macrophages. we have investigated the possible involvement of the respiratory burst as an effector mechanism in this type of tumour killing. scavengers of toxic metabolites of oxygen such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate, ethanol, and cytochrome c did not inhibit macrophage cytotoxicity ... | 1982 | 6277777 |
| the pulmonary clearance of pasteurella haemolytica in calves given corynebacterium parvum and infected with parainfluenza-3 virus. | four control calves were aerosolized with parainfluenza-3 and one week later with pasteurella haemolytica. three calves were given corynebacterium parvum at a dose of 15 mg/m2 body surface area, infected with parainfluenza-3 virus one week later, and aerosolized with p. haemolytica two weeks after c. parvum injection. all calves were killed four hours after p. haemolytica exposure and the bacterial retention in the lung was determined. parainfluenza-3 viral infection did not exert any suppressiv ... | 1982 | 6280824 |
| immunization of cattle with a variant-specific surface antigen of trypanosoma brucei: influence of different adjuvants. | nine different adjuvants were examined for their ability to potentiate the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of cattle to a soluble glycoprotein antigen prepared from trypanosoma brucei. serological responses as measured by the farr assay were best augmented by the oil-based adjuvants and saponin. cell-mediated immunity, as assessed by specific lymphocyte transformation in vitro, was enhanced by all oil-based adjuvants at different intervals after immunization. results from a challenge ... | 1982 | 6281183 |
| chemotherapy versus chemoimmunotherapy with levamisole or corynebacterium parvum in advanced lung cancer. | a total of 109 patients with advanced lung cancer, all cell types, were randomized between macc chemotherapy only, consisting of methotrexate, doxorubicin (adriamycin), cyclophosphamide, and lomustine (ccnu); macc plus levamisole (lms) orally; and macc plus corynebacterium parvum (cp) sc. of these patients, 101 were evaluable, with no differences among the three treatment groups for overall response rate and survival time. objective response rates and median survival times were 41% and 230 days ... | 1982 | 6282455 |
| [antibiotic resistance of anaerobic bacteria (author's transl)]. | reference data on the overall resistance patterns of anaerobic bacteria are needed since in individual clinical cases susceptibility testing is complicated by the long generation time and difficulties of test conditions. benzylpenicillin and tetracyclines are the drugs of choice against clostridium perfringens. newer cephalosporins are also active, whereas other clostridium species have been found resistant. beta-lactam antibiotics show high activity against peptococcaceae; resistance to clindam ... | 1982 | 6286503 |
| activation of epstein-barr virus expression in human lymphoblastoid p3hr-1 and raji cells with propionic acid and with culture fluids of propionic acid-producing anaerobes. | epstein-barr virus (ebv)-associated early (ea) and virus capsid antigens (vca) were efficiently induced in the viral genome-carrying human lymphoblastoid cells, p3hr-1 and raji, by the culture fluids of propionibacterium acnes, p. avidum, p. lymphophilum and arachnia propionica, the anaerobes which are commonly seen among the normal flora of man. the active principle for ebv-induction in the 2 cell lines was the propionic acid produced by the microbes and such activity was shown to correlate wit ... | 1982 | 6290028 |
| resistance to infections in mice with defects in the activities of mononuclear phagocytes and natural killer cells: effects of immunomodulators in beige mice and 89sr-treated mice. | beige mice, which are a homolog of the chediak-higashi syndrome, and mice treated with 89sr to destroy the bone marrow provide animal models of defects in mononuclear phagocyte and natural killer cell functions. the innate resistance of these mice to viruses such as herpes simplex and encephalomyocarditis viruses, however, is normal. moreover, treatment of the mice with immunomodulators such as propionibacterium acnes (formerly designated corynebacterium parvum) and pyran produced a significant ... | 1982 | 6290389 |
| fate of vaccines of propionibacterium acnes after phagocytosis by murine macrophages. | stationary-phase (48 h) cells of propionibacterium acnes vpi 0009, a potent stimulator of the reticuloendothelial system, persist unchanged within phagocytes for at least 24 h after ingestion. in contrast, exponential-phase (12 h) cells of the same strain (which do not induce splenomegaly) are extensively degraded within 5 h of phagocytosis. suspensions of p. granulosum vpi 6500, which fails to induce splenomegaly in mice, also show considerable degradation after phagocytosis. stationary-phase c ... | 1982 | 6292096 |
| accessory cell function in tumor-bearing mice and effects of corynebacterium parvum. | primary in vivo production of antibody to sheep red blood cells (srbc) was consistently suppressed in el 4 tumor-bearing c57bl/6 mice, but the secondary response was not suppressed. this suppressed primary in vivo production of antibody was partially restored by systemic administration of corynebacterium parvum. for investigation of the mechanism of the immunosuppression in tumor-bearing mice and the effects of c. parvum, the accessory cell function of adherent cells from tumor-bearing mice and ... | 1982 | 6292563 |
| [immunotherapy of lung cancer]. | | 1982 | 6292882 |
| modulation of antitumor immunity--immunobiologic approaches. | | 1982 | 6293113 |
| mechanisms of action by immunologic adjuvants. | | 1982 | 6294032 |
| enhancement of concomitant immunity after radiation therapy and immunotherapy in a syngeneic murine tumour system. | concomitant immunity was evaluated in vivo towards a chemically induced epidermoid carcinoma transplanted in a syngeneic situation. radiation therapy reversed the declining phase of concomitant immunity associated with tumour progression. the rejection rate of a challenge graft amounted to 82 and 95 per cent, respectively, 2 and 8 days after 25 gy as compared with 55 and 43 per cent in unirradiated controls. radiation induced immune recovery was dose related and proved to be different from resto ... | 1982 | 6297254 |
| [antibacterial effects of niridazole. ii. effects on aerobic and anaerobic bacteria]. | niridazole which is chemically related to metronidazole is endowed with much better antibacterial activity. first, several genera of aerobic bacteria, such as salmonella and escherichia, are susceptible to niridazole, whereas metronidazole is completely ineffective. there exist, however, some particular strains which are naturally resistant to niridazole. the in vitro activity of niridazole is still increased, if these facultative anaerobic bacteria are tested under anaerobic growth conditions. ... | 1982 | 6299027 |
| effect of cyclosporin a on the production of interferon by human peripheral blood leukocytes in vitro. | cyclosporin a (csa) was assessed for its effect on the production of antiviral activity by human peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl). csa markedly reduced the production of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) in response to stimulation with lectin mitogens, bacterial products, alloantigens, or epstein-barr virus (ebv)-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (lcl). csa-mediated suppression of ifn-gamma secretion was dose-dependent and did not result from a shift of kinetics of the production of antiviral ac ... | 1982 | 6299190 |
| tumor-dependent resistance of rat peritoneal macrophages to herpes simplex virus. | by their position at sites of initial infection and their wide distribution in major organs of the body, macrophages may be decisive in determining the susceptibility or resistance of the host to virus infection. macrophage restriction of virus replication has been shown to be closely related to virus strains or virus types and to the age of the infected host. we report the effects of the development of a solid tumor in rats on intrinsic in vitro macrophage activity against herpes simplex virus ... | 1983 | 6299945 |
| induction of resistance to ectromelia virus infection by corynebacterium parvum in murine peritoneal macrophages. | an in vitro model has been developed to study the replication of ectromelia virus in murine macrophages (m phi). infection of mineral oil-elicited peritoneal m phi cultures with either the virulent (moscow) or attenuated (hampstead) strain of ectromelia virus led to productive infections. the kinetics of virus synthesis was similar to those seen following infection of murine fibroblasts. in contrast, peritoneal m phi s activated by intraperitoneal injection of corynebacterium parvum vaccine were ... | 1983 | 6300395 |
| inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation and antibody production in vitro by silica, talc, bentonite or corynebacterium parvum: involvement of peroxidative processes. | this study was undertaken to determine whether and by what means particles which induce granulomata in vivo can affect murine spleen lymphoproliferative and antibody responses in vitro. particles of silica, talc, bentonite or c. parvum cells inhibited lipopolysaccharide- or concanavalin a-stimulated proliferation and sheep red blood cell-induced antibody response in vitro. the inhibition required at least 48 hours exposure of the cells to the particles. the late onset of inhibition and its repro ... | 1983 | 6303797 |
| adherence of streptococci to cells infected with herpesvirus. | the attachment of streptococci and staphylococci to cells infected with influenza virus has been previously reported and has been correlated with the increased incidence of these bacterial infections during flu epidemics. the present work was initiated to determine whether infection with herpes simplex virus (hsv) might lead to preferential bacterial attachment. hep-2 cells were grown in monolayer and infected with hsv, type i or type ii. twenty-four hours later the cells were incubated with sus ... | 1983 | 6306535 |
| effects of ph on biomass, maximum specific growth rate and extracellular enzyme production by three species of cutaneous propionibacteria grown in continuous culture. | three cutaneous propionibacteria, propionibacterium acnes, propionibacterium avidum and propionibacterium granulosum, were grown in chemostats using semi-synthetic medium at various ph values. growth occurred between ph 4.5 and 7.5 for p. acnes and ph 5.0 and 8.0 for p. avidum and p. granulosum. the highest mumax was at ph 6.0 for the three species. maximum biomass production was obtained at ph 6.0 for p. acnes and p. avidum and at ph 7.5 for p. granulosum. extracellular enzyme production occurr ... | 1983 | 6311940 |
| moderate to high dose cyclophosphamide and intercalated corynebacterium parvum in patients with metastatic lung cancer. | thirty-nine patients with histologically proven widely metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma were treated with cyclophosphamide and corynebacterium parvum. the dosage of cyclophosphamide was higher than conventional as previous work had indicated better results with increased dosage. experimental work had suggested that the addition of corynebacterium parvum would increase the antitumour effect and possibly reduce the cyclophosphamide induced granulocytopenia. a short treatment programme using three ... | 1984 | 6318791 |
| antitumor immunity induced by hybrid tumor cells: comparison between hybrids and the parental tumor. | the ability of hybrid tumor cells to induce antitumor immunity has been evaluated in the line 1 alveolar cell carcinoma (l1) model of balb/c mice. hybrid tumor cells were produced by fusing freshly dissociated l1 cells isolated from in vivo tumors with the hypoxanthine:aminopterin:thymidine-sensitive cell line, gm 347, derived from c3h mice. each hybrid was characterized by dna content and expression of h-2 antigens using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. irradiated l1 cells in the presence ... | 1984 | 6318971 |
| chemiluminescence of asbestos-activated macrophages. | chemiluminescence, a measure of reactive oxygen release by phagocytes, was compared in peritoneal exudate macrophages elicited with chrysotile asbestos, corynebacterium parvum and saline. chrysotile asbestos- and c. parvum-activated macrophages produced significantly more chemiluminescence than saline-elicited macrophages. in a second series of experiments the ability of opsonized chrysotile asbestos to act as a trigger for the release of chemiluminescence was tested. opsonized chrysotile asbest ... | 1984 | 6320857 |
| protection of mice against infection with mouse hepatitis virus type 3 by injection of silica. | injection of silica did not brake the resistance against mhv3 conferred to c57bl/6 mice by injection of c. parvum. however, silica itself had a marked protective effect against mhv3 infection that was maximal when injecting 1 mg 2 hrs before virus infection. the protective effect of silica was observed in a number of inbred mouse strains that differ in their relative resistance to mhv3 infection. no viral titers were observed in the spleen and liver of mice which had received mhv3 plus silica, w ... | 1984 | 6325328 |
| expression of the transferrin receptor in murine peritoneal macrophages is modulated in the different stages of activation. | a specific high affinity binding site for the serum glycoprotein transferrin was identified on murine peritoneal macrophages. the binding reached equilibrium within 60 min and was reversible, saturable, and specific for transferrin. although the presence of this receptor was detected on the cell surface by studies carried out using intact cells, the majority (70 to 90%) of the binding activity was detectable only in detergent extracts of such cells. this suggests that a substantial portion of th ... | 1984 | 6325536 |
| [studies on the pathogenesis of non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria in ocular infections. report 1. experimental endophthalmitis with propionibacterium acnes in guinea pigs and transition of viable cells in the vitreous body]. | | 1984 | 6331719 |
| t-cell recruitment regulated by prostaglandin-mediated system and its role in immune response. | the dynamics of the number of t cells in spleen and the level of prostaglandin e2 in plasma were investigated serially in mice injected with corynebacterium parvum. in the first few days, the level of plasma pge2 increased but decreased to lower than the normal level thereafter. the absolute number of t cells in the spleen began to increase after the pge2 level dropped. but such an increase of t cells was not observed in atx mice challenged with c. parvum. moreover, replenishing the mice with ex ... | 1984 | 6332775 |
| normal cultivable microflora in upper jejunal fluid in children without gastrointestinal disorders. | bacteriological studies of uncontaminated upper jejunal fluid were performed in 51 danish children without gastrointestinal disorders. thirty-seven percent of the samples were sterile [less than 10(1) colony-forming units (cfu)/ml]. in 25% of the cases, the total number of microorganisms exceeded 10(5) cfu/ml. the microorganisms isolated most frequently were: streptococcus, sp. ("viridans group"), veillonella parvula, hemophilus parainfluenzae, lactobacillus, sp., corynebacterium, sp., actinomyc ... | 1984 | 6334151 |
| thymus-recruited peritoneal exudate t lymphocytes. | the role of the thymus in the generation of antigen-reactive peritoneal exudate t lymphocytes (petls) was examined in mice injected with corynebacterium parvum (c. parvum), which exerted functions as a trigger of t cell recruitment from the thymus and as an antigen to induce antigen-reactive t cells. the proliferative response of antigen-reactive petls was higher in sham mice than in adult-thymectomized (atx) mice 3 weeks after injection of c. parvum. when indomethacin (indo) was injected simult ... | 1984 | 6335487 |
| inhibition of natural killer cell activity by a soluble substance released by rat peritoneal cells. | we describe here a soluble substance released by nonadherent cells from the peritoneal cavity of w/fu rats that markedly inhibits the activity of mouse, rat, and human natural killer (nk) cells. the nk-inhibiting substance (nk-is) has low molecular weight (less than 1000), is heat resistant (100 degrees for 15 min), and is insensitive to nonspecific proteases. nk-is is produced in the presence of indomethacin (1 to 10 micrograms/ml), suggesting it is not prostaglandin. the inhibitory effect was ... | 1983 | 6339046 |
| effects of treatment with muramyl dipeptide on resistance to mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium marinum infection in mice. | studies were carried out to determine whether treatment of mice with the synthetic adjuvant muramyl dipeptide (mdp) afforded resistance to infection with mycobacterium leprae or m. marinum in mice. regardless of the timing, dose, or route of administration, there was no evidence that treatment with mdp or 3 of its analogs (desmdp, abumdp, valmdp) enhanced resistance to food pad infection with m. leprae or m. marinum. in parallel studies, systemic treatment with propionibacterium acnes failed to ... | 1983 | 6343295 |
| comparison between natural reactivity (nr) against candida albicans and natural killer (nk) activity against yac-1 tumour cells. | cytotoxic activity against candida albicans was measured in vitro in a 4-h 51cr-release assay. the levels of reactivity correlated well with the number of polymorphonuclear cells in the effector population, being augmented by the enrichment of polymorphonuclear granulocytes. to exclude the possible role of contaminating natural killer cells, natural killer activity against tumour cells was compared with natural reactivity against candida albicans in vitro. the findings indicate that there are ma ... | 1983 | 6345429 |
| cellular suppression of murine adcc and nk activities induced by corynebacterium parvum. | administration of a single dose of c. parvum (cp) induces depression of splenic nk activity in mice after a lag period of 3-5 days and this depression lasts about 2 weeks. the depressed levels of nk activity noted in this study depended on time of cp administration and were associated with the induction of suppressor cell activity. neonatally thymectomized or sublethally irradiated mice had unimpaired ability to generate suppressor cells following cp treatment. depletion of adherent/phagocytic c ... | 1983 | 6347362 |
| increased susceptibility to escherichia coli infection in mice pretreated with corynebacterium parvum. | the contribution of activated macrophages to protection against escherichia coli was studied in mice treated intravenously with corynebacterium parvum 7 days before infection. c. parvum-treated mice showed increased phagocytic activity and enhanced resistance to listeria infection. in contrast, these mice showed increased susceptibility to a subsequent challenge with e. coli that correlated closely with a reduction in the ld50 of lipopolysaccharide (lps) in these mice. the peritoneal macrophages ... | 1983 | 6348489 |
| membrane changes in murine macrophages after in-vivo stimulation and activation. | the expression of various receptors and other surface determinants on resident, glycogen-and corynebacterium parvum- elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages has been described. macrophage fc (igg2b) receptors and i-a antigens were slightly increased after stimulation and a more marked increase was shown after activation with c. parvum. complement receptor expression was enhanced after stimulation but was markedly reduced after activation. c. parvum-elicited macrophages, and to a lesser extent glyc ... | 1983 | 6350168 |
| [immunotherapy of breast cancer (review of foreign literature)]. | | 1983 | 6351428 |
| anemia and thrombocytopenia from corynebacterium parvum-stimulated resistance against malaria, trypanosomiasis, and babesiosis. | nonspecific immunity (nsi) was manifested in rats injected intravenously with killed corynebacterium parvum and challenged with trypanosoma lewisi, plasmodium chabaudi, or babesia rodhaini. the nsi became evident some 5 days after infection as a suppressed parasitemia, a more rapid recovery from patent infection and as enhanced survival among rats infected with b. rodhaini. the c. parvum injections produced anemia and thrombocytopenia with splenomegaly and signs of glomerulonephritis in rats. th ... | 1983 | 6355427 |
| production of lymphocyte activating factor in vivo. | mice injected with propionibacterium acnes, when challenged with lipopolysaccharide release a range of soluble mediators into their serum. included among these is lymphocyte activating factor (laf, interleukin-1). the release of laf in vivo was detected only when serum samples were assayed at high dilution because inhibitors of its activity in vitro were also present. the kinetics of release of laf in vivo after injection of p. acnes was dependent on the mouse strain used. laf was also detected ... | 1983 | 6360852 |
| a phase-ii trial of corynebacterium parvum as adjuvant to surgery in the treatment of operable lung cancer. | a phase-ii randomized trial has been undertaken in 49 patients with operable lung cancer, to determine the effect of a single iv infusion of killed c. parvum vaccine as an adjuvant to surgery. the number of patients was insufficient to provide a decisive result, but analysis 6 years after the last patient was admitted shows that the adjuvant therapy certainly did not shorten, and may well have prolonged, survival. of the patients with squamous cell carcinoma who were alive 1 year after operation ... | 1983 | 6362846 |