| molecular weight of bacteriophage pbs2 dna. | the molecular weight of bacteriophage pbs2 dna has been determined by viscoelastic retardation time experiments to be 1.50 x 10(8). | 1976 | 818409 |
| genetic and physiological studies of abortive infections of hydroxymethyluracil-containing bacteriophages in lysogens of temperate bacillus subtilis bacteriophage spo2. | wild-type bacteriophage phie and is (interference-sensitive) mutants of the related phage sp82g did not productively infect strains of bacillus subtilis that were lysogenic for temperate phage spo2. in these abortive infections, the sensitive phages adsorbed to and penetrated the nonpermissive host, phage-directed macromolecular syntheses were initiated, but both viral and bacterial nucleic acid production abruptly stopped about 15 min after addition of the phages. the cessation of rna and dna s ... | 1976 | 818410 |
| selective messenger translation by bacillus subtilis ribosomes. | the in vitro b. subtilis protein synthesizing system is very restricted in its ability to translate e. coli phage messenger rna's, specifically phage t4 rna, even though it actively translates its proper mrna species. in contrast, the e. coli system translates with similar efficiency mrna from either source. the initiation factors from the two systems are functionally interchangeable. the 30s b. subtilis ribosomal subunit is responsible for the limited template specificity of the b. subtilis rib ... | 1976 | 818501 |
| a micrococcin-resistant mutant of bacillus subtilis: localization of resistance to the 50s subunit. | the 50s subunit is the site of action of the antibiotic micrococcin. in addition, b. subtilis strain mic-1, which is resistant to micrococcin, contains altered 50s subunits. | 1976 | 818502 |
| thiostrepton-resistant mutants of bacillus subtilis: localization of resistance to the 50s subunit. | a number of thiostrepton-resistant mutants of bacillus subtilis were obtained. the thi mutations map proximally to stra. effects of thiostrepton on polyphenylalanine synthesis with ribosomes of s-100 fractions from parent and mutant strains indicated that resistance was localized to the ribosomes. furthermore, effects of thiostrepton on binding of [3h]gtp to ribosomes and 50s subunits from thiostrepton-sensitive and -resistant strains localized the site of resistance to the 50s subunit. in addit ... | 1976 | 818503 |
| mapping of the gene specifying dna polymerase iii of bacillus subtilis. | polc, the gene specifying the structure of the replication-specific dna polymerase iii of b. subtilis, was mapped by exploiting azp-12, a mutation conferring resistance to azopyrimidine which determines a mutant, azopyrimidine-resistant enzyme. azp-12 was located in the area of the pyra locus and is between spcb1 and reca1. azp-12 was linked by transformation to four other mutations which influence the in vitro behaviour of dna polymerase iii--polc25, polc26, mut-1(ts), and dnaf133; the close li ... | 1976 | 818505 |
| a four-stranded dna from bacillus subtilis which may be an intermediate in genetic recombination. | dna of bacillus subtilis strain uvss 19--8m, of high ultraviolet sensitivity, was isolated after cultivating in medium containing bromouracil. isopycnic banding in csc1 shows an unusual pattern with four bands, including an extra one halfway between those for hybrid and for dna of this band, amounting to 15--25% of the total dna mass in one preparation, was isolated and investigated. the characteristics found for this dna are in agreement with a four-stranded dna unit similar to one of the struc ... | 1976 | 818506 |
| helical growth of bacillus subtilis: a new model of cell growth. | a multiple mutant of bacillus subtilis that grows in an unusual double-helix morphology was studied. construction of models led to the assumption that cell surface elongation must proceed in a helical path in this mutant. the observation that all newly formed double-helix clones propagated, after spore outgrowth in fluid culture, consisted of closed-circular structures suggested that double-helix structures are tension-registered forms. | 1976 | 818642 |
| [different protection of dna against various types of damage]. | | 1976 | 818674 |
| chloramine mutagenesis in bacillus subtilis. | chloramine (which occurs widely as a by-product of sanitary chlorination of water supplies) is shown to be a weak mutagen, when reversion of trpc to trpc in bacillus subtilis is used as an assay. some dna-repair mutants appear to be more sensitive to chloramine, suggesting the involvement of dna targets in bactericide. the influence of plating media on survival of cells treated with chloramine suggests a bacterial repair system acting upon potentially lethal lesions induced by chloramine. | 1976 | 818709 |
| [experimental study of an aerosol preparation containing gentamicin (gentasol)]. | composition of a suspension aerosol drug, gentasol for local application was developed. it contained gentamycin and prednisolon. the antimicrobial properties of the drug were studied in vitro. it was found that gentasol had a pronounced antimicrobiol effect and inhibited the growth of many microorganisms including cultures resistant to other antibiotics. the drug was active against ps. aeruginosa and proteus, which is an advantage of it as compared to other antibiotic aerosol drugs. the study sh ... | 1976 | 818945 |
| [metabolic products of microorganisms. 156. synthesis and biosynthesis of substituted tryptanthrins (author's transl)]. | candida lipolytica synthesizes the antibiotic tryptanthrin from 1 mole tryptophan and 1 mole anthranilic acid. when feeding tryptophan and substituted anthranilic acids, or substituted tryptophans and anthranilic acid, we could isolate and identify the expected derivatives of tryptanthrin. the enzymes of the biosynthesis of tryptanthrin, with the exception of bromotryptophan, had no specifity for these substrates. in addition to these experiments substituted tryptanthrines were chemically synthe ... | 1976 | 818968 |
| discrimination of rhizobium japonicum, rhizobium lupini, rhizobium trifolii, rhizobium leguminosarum and of bacteroids by uptake of 2-ketoglutaric acid, glutamic acid and phosphate. | rhizobium strains (one each of rh. japonicum, rh. lupini, rh. leguminosarum) take up 2-ketoglutaric acid in general much faster and from lower concentrations in the medium than strains of escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis and chromobacterium violaceum. a strain of enterobacter aerogenes, however, is more similar to some rhizobium strains. the same strains of rhizobium take up also phosphate much faster and from lower concentrations than the other bacteria tested. 4 strains of rh. lupini proved ... | 1976 | 818969 |
| inhibition of leucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetasymol. | the bacteriostatic effect of low concentrations of the antibiotic granaticin on bacillus subtilis is relieved by the addition leucine to the growth medium. in cells treated with granaticin, aminoacylation of leucine trna is specifically decreased, but the content of free leucine is not. it is concluded that granaticin interferes with the charging process of leucine trna in b. subtilis leading to leucine auxotrophy. | 1975 | 818999 |
| stringent control of ribonucleic acid synthesis in bacillus subtilis treated with granaticin. | the antibiotic granaticin interferes in bacillus subtilis with the charging process of trnaleu causing both the arrest of protein synthesis and bacteriostasis [a. ogilvie, k. wiebauer & w. kersten (1975) biochem. j. 152, 511-515]. a concomitant inhibition of rna synthesis is observed. this inhibition was studied with mutant strains of b. subtilis. 2. granaticin inhibits protein and rna synthesis in stringently controlled b. subtilis (rel+) to about the same extent. in a relaxed mutant strain (r ... | 1975 | 819000 |
| hyperproductivity of extracellular alpha-amylase by a tunicamycin resistant mutant of bacillus subtilis. | | 1976 | 819016 |
| control of teichoic and teichuronic acid biosynthesis in bacillus subtilis 168trp. evidence for repression of enzyme synthesis and inhibition of enzyme activity. | phosphate starvation induced teichuronic acid synthesis in cells of bacillus subtilis 168trp-which had previously been grown with excess phosphate. this induction was prevented when protein systhesis was inhibited immediately prior to phosphate starvation and under these conditions cells continued to form teichoic acid. the converse was true when phosphate was added to cells previously grown in a phosphate-limited chemostat. the increase in teichoic acid synthesis normally following phosphate ad ... | 1976 | 819032 |
| accumulation of methoxychlor by microorganisms isolated from aqueous systems. | | 1976 | 819068 |
| physical studies on dna from "primitive" eucaryotes. | | 1975 | 819212 |
| studies on the control of development. correlation of initiucleotides in bacillus subtilis. | unusual highly phosphorylated nucleotides are found in sporulating cells of bacillus subtilis. adenosine 3'(2')-diphosphate 5'-diphosphate, ppapp (highly phosphorylated nucleotide i), and adenosine 3(2')-dephosphate 5'-triphosphate, pppapp (highllls are starved for carbon and nitrogen sources. these nucleotides are correlated with sporulation because only ribosomes from sporulating but not vegetative cells are able to synthesize ppapp and pppapp in vitro. two other nucleotides, adenosine 3'(2')- ... | 1976 | 819260 |
| role of calcium ions in the thermostability of thermolysin and bacillus subtilis var. amylosacchariticus neutral protease. | the stabilizing effect of calcium ions on thermolysin and bacillus subtilis var. amylosacchariticus neutral protease has been investigated. calcium and zinc ions were removed from the proteases by gel filtration over sephadex g-25 equilibrated with metal chelating agents. using these enzymes with different metal content, heat inactivation kinetics were studied at various temperatures. removal of calcium ions caused a sharp decrease in thermostability and diminished the values of the activation e ... | 1976 | 819262 |
| isolation of a strong suppressor of nonsense mutations in bacillus subtilis. | by treatment of bacillus subtilis mo-101-p spoa- met thr- su- with ethyl methanesulfonate, a strong suppressor strain of nonsense mutations, b. subtilis mo-101-p spoa- [met-]+thr- su+44, was isolated. this strain does not suppress phage phi 29 mutant susb47, selected on a b. subtilis strain containing the su+3 suppressor isolated by georgopoulos. a revertant from this mutant, susb610, was isolated, being suppressed by both the su+3 and su+44 suppressor strains. the efficiency of suppression by s ... | 1976 | 819269 |
| a specific adenosine phosphorylase, distinct from purine nucleoside phosphorylase. | | 1976 | 819302 |
| a recombination test to classify mutants of bacillus subtilis of identical phenotype. | | 1976 | 819326 |
| de-esterification of cephalosporin para-nitrobenzyl esters by microbial enzymes. | bacteria and actinomycetes were screened for esterase enzymes capable of removing the para-nitrobenzyl ester from cephalosporins. an esterase preparation from bacillus subtilis was used to prepare cephalexin and 7-adca from the corresponding para-nitrobenzyl esters. | 1976 | 819407 |
| modified nucleosides of bacillus subtilis transfer ribonucleic acids. | an analysis of the kinds and amounts of minor nucleosides of transfer ribonucleic acids (trna's) from bacillus subtilis 168 trpc2 is presented. identification and quantitation were accomplished using ion exclusion chromatography, thin-layer and paper chromatography, and ultraviolet absorption properties. nucleosides and their amount in moles per 80 residues are as follows: guanosine (25.7), cytidine (22.0), adenosine (15.2), uridine (13.1), 5-methyluridine (0.98), pseudouridine (1.54), 1-methyla ... | 1976 | 819419 |
| study of tyrosine transfer ribonucleic acid modification in relation to sporulation in bacillus subtilis. | a reversal in the relative amounts of the two major species of tyrosine transfer ribonucleic acid (trnatyr) (i and ii) has been previously observed by others during the development of bacillus subtilis. these species have been purified by benzoylated diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography and were shown to differ by the modification of an adenosine residue (species i contains i6a and species ii ms2i6a). as suggested by competitive hybridization assays, they might possess the same nucleotide ... | 1976 | 819420 |
| segregation of bacillus subtilis chromosomes radioactively labeled during the first round of replication after germination of spores. | spores of bacillus subtilis w23 thy his were allowed to incorporate [3h]thymine for short periods of time either continuously from, or soon after, the start of the first round of replication after germination. they were then transferred to nonradioactive medium to allow growth into microcolonies (up to 12 cells), which were autoradiographed. the relative numbers of various types (major versus minor) of grain clusters associated with individual microcolonies throughout the populations were scored ... | 1976 | 819422 |
| uptake of branched-chain alpha-keto acids in bacillus subtilis. | bacillus subtilis has a constitutive system for the uptake of alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate, alpha-ketoisovalerate, and (probably) alpha-ketoisocaproate. a mutation, kaua1, which blocks the uptake of alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate and alpha-ketoisovalerate, is located between metb and citk on the b. subtilis chromosome. | 1976 | 819424 |
| studies on the subsite structure of amylases. ii. difference-spectrophotometric studies on the interaction of maltotriose with liquefying alpha-amylase from bacillus subtilis. | the difference spectra of liquefying alpha-amylase (ec 3.2.1.1) from b. subtilis upon the addition of a slowly reacting substrate, maltotriose, were measured to investigate specific binding of the substrate to the enzyme. the spectra produced by maltotriose were attributed to one tryptophan and one tyrosine residues on the basis of analysis of their shape and magnitude. from the dependence of the difference absorption upon the concentration of maltotriose, the dissociation constant of the maltot ... | 1975 | 819426 |
| a source isolator for infected patients. | a plastic, mechanically ventilated source isolator with filters in the air effluent was designed to enable infected patients to be nursed and treated in a general ward or to be transported without risk to staff or other contacts. two models of isolator were developed. their potential value was tested by the challenge of heavy dispersal, inside the isolator, of bacteria (a) from patients with burns, during the change of dressings, (b) from contaminated bedding during simulated bed-making, and (c) ... | 1976 | 819573 |
| an indirect immunoradiometric assay of microbes. | | 1976 | 819619 |
| antimicrobial activities and antagonists of bacilysin and anticapsin. | the dipeptide antibiotic bacilysin is active against a wide range of bacteria and against candida albicans. its c-terminal amino acid, anticapsin, is a very poor antibacterial agent. the activities of both substances are strongly dependent on the nature of the culture medium. in a minimal medium the minimum inhibitory concentration for bacilysin with e. coli b is 10(-3) mug ml(-1). the action of bacilysin amino acids. with several bacteria, bacilysin-resistant mutants are found in unusually larg ... | 1976 | 819623 |
| a comparison of the 16s ribosomal rnas from mesophilic and thermophilic bacilli: some modifications in the sanger method for rna sequencing. | two modifications in the sanger two dimensional electrophoretic procedure for rna analysis are reported. one increases resolution on the primary fingerprint to the point that digests of large rnas, of the size 1500-3000 nucleotides yield well resolved fingerprint patterns. the other is a novel endonucleolytic procedure that proves useful in determining sequences of the large oligonucleotides produced by t1 ribonuclease. these modifications have been used in determining the catalogs of oligomers ... | 1976 | 819656 |
| altered penicillin-binding components in penicillin-resistant mutants of bacillus subtilis. | penicillin- (cloxacillin-) resistant mutants of bacillus subtilis were isolated in a stepwise fashion and the five penicillin-binding components (pbcs) in each were examined to determine which of the proteins, if any, corresponds to the penicillin killing site. pbcs ii and v were previously eliminated as the likely penicillin targett. in the present work, pbc iv showed no change in sensitivity to cloxacillin in any of the resistant mutants isolated. pbc i did not change until the fifth-step muta ... | 1976 | 819927 |
| fusion of bacterial protoplasts. | prototrophic bacillus subtilis cells can be formed in the presence of dnase as a result of cell fusion occurring in mixed populations of protoplasts derived from two parental strains which are both nutritionally-complementing and polyauxotrophic. no prototrophs ever appear from mixed nonprotoplasted bacteria, or from the auxotrophic parental protoplasts plated separately. the frequency of prototroph formation, which is appreciable only when the mixed protoplasts are exposed to polyethylene glyco ... | 1976 | 819934 |
| tobramycin: in vitro and clinical evaluation in 30 patients. | clinical evaluation of intramuscular tobramycin was accomplished in 30 patients with respiratory, soft tissue, urinary tract, bone or septicemic infections due to gram negative bacilli. median sensitivity to tobramycin of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (19 strains) was 0.62 mug/ml and range 0.31-2.5 mug/ml; less activity was observed for escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter species isolates but median minimum inhibitory concentrations were less than or equ ... | 1976 | 820196 |
| postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis: section i. | | 1976 | 820235 |
| design of a microculture chamber to observe cell division of bacterial l-forms in liquid medium. | a culture chamber is described that permits phase-contrast microscopic observations of the growth of stable l-form cells of bacillus subtilis 168 in liquid medium. | 1976 | 820252 |
| [dissociative phases and pathogenicity of different species of the bacillus genus]. | the previously postulated hypothesis, according to which different species of the genus bacillus show strictly similar morphological and biological properties when the same variants are considered, has been confirmed by the present research. the "s" (smooth) variants of the five studied species (b. anthracis, b. subtilis, b. cereus, b. megaterium, b. mesentericus) are all lethal, at the experimented dose, for mice, whereas the "r" (rough, "star-shaped" colonies) variant of the same strains of th ... | 1975 | 820277 |
| [morphological and physiological studies on schizomycetes. morphogenesis and cytoarchitecture of microbial colony. iii. b.subtilis]. | the b. subtilis exhibits a morphogenetic mechanism which is different from that observed in the other bacilli examined here. in fact it is distinguishable for the compactness of cellular bundles and the precociousness of the degenerative phenomena which render unrecognizable the internal structure of the colony even before the third day of growth. | 1975 | 820279 |
| purification and characterization of trnamet-f, trnaphe and trnatyr2 from baccillus subtilis. | three trnas specific for methionine, phenylalanine and tyrosine were isolated from the total trna of bacillus subtilis by chromatographic procedures using bd-cellulose and reversed-phase (5) chromatography. the acceptor activities of the purified trnas are 1160, 1260 and 1320 pmoles per a260nm unit for trnametf, trnaphe and trnatyr2 respectively. in trnametf and trnaphe ribothymidine, pseudouridine and dihydrouridine are present, in addition, in trnaphe 7-methyguanosine and a 2'-o-methylated nuc ... | 1976 | 820377 |
| the phosphoenolpyruvate : methyl-alpha-d-glucoside phosphotransferase system in bacillus subtilis marburg 168 : purification and identification of the phosphocarrier protein (hpr). | the phosphocarrier protein (hpr) of the phosphoenol pyruvate : alpha-methyl-d-glucoside-phosphotransferase system (pts) has been purified from bacillus subtilis marburg 168. the molecular weight is about 8300. hpr contains 1 histidine residue. phophoenzyme i appears to be an intermediate in the initial phosphoryl transfer from phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) to hpr. phospho-hpr is isolated and characterized as a component of the complete system. | 1976 | 820382 |
| exoenzymic activity of alpha-amylase immobilized on a phenol-formaldehyde resin. | amylose and amylopectin from two starch sources were partially degraded by alpha-amylase immobilized on a phenol-formaldehyde resin. the degradation products were fractioned by gel-permeation chromatography and high-pressure, liquid chromatography. two distinct fractions were obtained from tapioca amylose. one is a fragment having a molecular weight exceeding 200,000, and the other consists of oligosaccharides of low molecular weight with a degree of polymerization of 1-8. in contrast, treatment ... | 1976 | 820427 |
| relationships between the concentrations of doxycycline in serum and in thoracic duct lymph after oral and intravenous administration in man. | the concentrations of doxycycline in serum and in thoracic duct lymph at various times after oral and intravenous administration of 200 mg of the drug were determined in 10 patients subjected to thoracic duct cannulation for diagnostic purposes. after oral administration, a mean peak serum concentration of 2.4 mug/ml (n=7) was obtained within 3 h; then the levels successively declined. the concentrations in thoracic lymph were lower, a mean peak concentration of 1.6 mug/ml being found 3 and 6 h ... | 1976 | 820524 |
| [independence of u.-v.-induced mutagenesis on the postradiation replication of dna in bacillus subtilis]. | | 1976 | 820534 |
| [spatial structure of the tail of bacteriophage ar9 of bacillus subtilis]. | | 1976 | 820535 |
| bacillus subtilis phage phi29. characterization of gene products and functions. | a total of 22 phi29-induced proteins have been resolved by slab gel electrophoresis; two of these proteins are the precursor and product fragment, respectively, in the synthesis of the neck appendage protein of the phage. the protein products of 10 out of the 17 cistrons detected in the genome of phage phi29 have been identified. mutants in two other cistrons fail to synthesize two proteins. mutants in six genes do not synthesize phage dna. a cistron, probably involved in the final lysis of the ... | 1976 | 820555 |
| thermal stability of homologous neutral metalloendopeptidases in thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria: structural considerations. | thermolysin and neutral protease a are neutral metalloendopeptidases having similar specificity, molecular weight, metal content, and amino acid composition. thermolysin, derived from the thermophilic organism bacillus thermoproteolyticus, is heat inactivated at about 84 degrees whereas neutral protease a, derived from the mesophilic organism bacillus subtilis, is inactivated at about 59 degrees. structural analyses reveal that the two enzymes are homologous. of the 326 residues of neutral prote ... | 1976 | 820564 |
| d-glucosamine as inhibitor of early processes of transformation in bacillus subtilis 168 trp2. | glucosamine added to a transformation medium (tm2) after a 30-min cultivation of cells exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on the transformation process in bacillus subtilis 168 trp2. the recipient culture was least sensitive to glucosamine added after 50 min. glucosamine had no inhibitory effect when added 10 min after the transformation dna. | 1976 | 820615 |
| repair deficiency, mutator activity, and thermal prophage inducibility in dna-8132 strains of bacillus subtilis. | a ts mutation, dna-8132 (hara and yoshikawa, 1973), in the region of chromosome replication origin of bacillus subtilis was found to cause pleiotropic effects at a permissive temperature (30 c). strains carrying this mutation were lethan at 48 c but exhibited higher spontaneous mutation frequency and a lower capacity for repairing radiation damages at 30c. introduction of the pola59 (gass et al., 1971) mutation further enhanced the repair deficiency and the mutator activity. these results sugges ... | 1976 | 820681 |
| cellular organization of bacillus subtilis: sodium dodecyl sulfate-induced cell partitioning into zebra structures. | cells of bacillus subtilis heated in high concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (5%) and then washed free of detergent with a hot salt solution (80 c) become structurally reorganized into regions of densely compacted cytoplasm (termed zebras) and regions of sparsely filled material (termed spaces). size distribution studies of zebras indicate that division-suppressed mutants and wild-type cells both yield zebras of comparable length. similarly the lengths of zebras found in populations emergi ... | 1976 | 820687 |
| appearance of spore coat protein in the cell extracts of bacillus subtilis asporogenic mutants. | by use of the antigen-antibody techniques we have studied whether asporogenic mutants of bacillus subtilis can synthesize the spore coat protein. antibody specific to spore coat protein was prepared and used to demonstrate that the spore coat protein was synthesized at the early stage of sporulation. we report here that asporogenic mutants synthesize the spore coat protein. | 1976 | 820691 |
| behavior of a temperate bacteriophage in differentiating cells of bacillus subtilis. | during the first 6 hr of sporulation, infection of bacillus subtilis by by phi105 wild type or the clear-plaque mutant phi105 c30 was nonproductive, but phage dna was trapped inside developing spores. after infection with either wild-type or mutant phage at early times of sporulation (t1-t3), phage dna entered the developing spores in a heat-stable form, which may represent integration of the phage dna into the host chromosome. phage dna in carrier spores produced by infection at later times (t4 ... | 1976 | 820875 |
| macromolecular synthesis after a nutritional shift-up of bacillus subtilis. | effects of amino acids of macromolecular synthesis in bacillus subtilis were studied. two mutants, crk4001 and nig45, that were selected as slow growers in rich media were proved to be useful to analyse early events occurring after addition of amino acids to exponentially growing cells in a glucose-salts medium (nutritional shift-up). in a wild type strain, the rate of stable rna (srna: essentially ribosomal rna) synthesis increased 2.3 fold shortly after the shift-up to the rate characteristic ... | 1976 | 820961 |
| [nucleases. their biological role]. | | 1976 | 820963 |
| the sporulation system of bacillus subtilis as the basis of a multi-gene mutagen screening test. | the sporulation system of b. subtilis provides the basis of a simple and unique test for the detection of forward mutations in any of several hundreds genes in 28--45 separate operons scattered throughout the chromosome. non-sporulating or oligosporogenous mutant colonies are easily identified by their lack of a brown pigment normally present in spore-forming colonies. n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng), ethyl methanesulfonate, acridine orange, acriflavin, nitrous acid, and uv irradiati ... | 1976 | 820992 |
| changes in transfer ribonucleic acids of bacillus subtilis during different growth phases. | the transfer ribonucleic acids (trnas) of b. subtilis at different growth phases are examined for changes in the composition and the methylation of minor constituents. the composition of the trnas indicates about equal amounts of adenosine and uridine, and of guanosine and cytidine. about 3-4 residues are present as modified bases in the average trna molecule. the net composition of trnas appears to remain unaltered during different growth phases. in vitro methylation of trnas indicates lack of ... | 1976 | 821040 |
| evaluation of a topical enzymatic debridement agent--sutilains ointment: a preliminary report. | in a preliminary study of 18 patients, sutilains (travase) ointment exhibited rapid, effective debridement in the treatment of burns, decubiti, and traumatic wounds; peripheral vascular ulcerations responded less predictably. the advantages of accelerated debridement are enumerated. | 1976 | 821152 |
| [drug residues in poultry (author's transl)]. | the following microbiological tests: the bacillus subtilis bga (bundes-gesundheitsamt) test and sarcina lutea test as well as the test bacteria bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis and e. coli were used to examine whether drug residues were detectable in broiler chickens during and after treatment with various drugs. with the exception of the occidiostat esb3, residues were not found to be present using the two above tests. on the other hand, residues of a number of drugs were detected ... | 1976 | 821173 |
| [the effect of enzyme preparations used in the food industry on the enzyme activity of rat digestive chyme]. | | 1976 | 821253 |
| genetics of bacterial sporulation. | | 1976 | 821319 |
| competence development for transfection stimulated by culture fluids of bacillus subtilis. | | 1976 | 821393 |
| novel nucleotides from e. coli isolated and partially characterized. | | 1976 | 821487 |
| leukotactic properties of soluble substances in psoriasis scale. | in an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the production of transepidermal migration of leukocytes toward the stratum corneum in psoriatic lesions, the chemotactic properties of soluble substances in psoriasis scales were examined by a modified boyden's chamber. all crude extracts of horny tissues studied, i.e. callus, scales of exfoliative dermatitis and of psoriasis vulgaris, showed chemotactic activity for human peripheral blood leukocytes. but only the chemotactic activity of the ... | 1976 | 821509 |
| [thermosensitive sporulation and extracellular serylprotease mutant of b. subtilis]. | isolation and properties of b. subtilis ts 19 mutant, isolated as thermosensitive for sporulation, are described. at the non permissive temperature (42degreesc), the mutant cells are blocked at stage zero of sporulation and do not excrete extracellular enzymes such as serylprotease and esterase. at the permissive temperature (30degreesc), sporulation and excretion of extracellular enzymes are normal but the serylprotease is modified in its structure. two molecular forms of this enzyme can be sep ... | 1976 | 821540 |
| increased nitrate reductase a activity as a sign of membrane alteration in early blocked asporogenous mutants of bacillus subtilis. | nitrate reductase (nar) activity, and its regulation, have been studied in b. subtilis and spo0 mutants derived from it. the mutants are blocked at the stage zero of sporulation. the only nar detected was the membrane-bound nar a, which has been solubilized and purified. the enzyme itself, and its regulation, seem to be the same in spo+ and spo0 strains. under all conditions tested, however, the mutants were hyperproducers of nar a. whether produced by a spo+ or a spo0 strain, the purified enzym ... | 1976 | 821543 |
| the program of protein synthesis during sporulation in bacillus subtilis. | the program of protein synthesis was examined during sporulation in bacillus subtilis as an index of the control of gene expression. at various stages of growth and spore formation, cells of b. subtilis were pulse-labeled with (35)s-methionine. protein was extracted from the radioactively labeled bacteria and then subjected to high resolution one-dimensional and two-dimensional slab gel electrophoresis. we report that sporulating cells restricted or "turned off" the synthesis of certain polypept ... | 1976 | 821617 |
| the virus-specified subunits of a modified b. subtilis rna polymerase are determinants of dna binding and rna chain initiation. | the phage spo1-modified rna polymerase b-p can form rapidly initiating complexes with spo1 dna but not with heterologous phi1 dna. the b-p enzyme binds only weakly to heterologous phi29 dna: preincubation with phi29 dna does not substantially slow the formation of rapidly initiating complexes between polymerase b-p and subsequently added spo1 dna. in contrast, b. subtilis holoenzyme and core polymerase are substantially sequestered by preincubation with phi29 dna. the results show that at least ... | 1976 | 821619 |
| phosphorylation of intracellular fructose in bacillus subtilis mediated by phosphoenolpyruvate-1-fructose phosphotransferase. | intracellular fructose provided by the sorbitol pathway in bacillus subtilis can be phosphorylated by the phosphenolpyruvate-1-fructose phosphotransferase which is known to mediate a vectorial metabolism. the fate of this intracellular fructose was studied using mutants lacking either the fructose 1-phosphate pathway or the fructose 6-phosphate pathway. it was shown that the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation needs a prior exit of the sugar into the medium, this exit being probably ca ... | 1976 | 821752 |
| [various methods for determination of nifurpipone in the human urine]. | | 1976 | 821781 |
| antibiotic glycosides. vii 10,11-dihydropicromycin: another metabolite of streptomyces venezuelae. | | 1976 | 821905 |
| an indirect radiolabelled antibody staining technique for the rapid detection and identification of bacteria. | | 1976 | 821910 |
| time-lapse photography of bacillus subtilis l-forms replicating in liquid medium. | phase-contrast observations indicate that an l-form of bacillus subtilis divides in liquid medium by a "budding-like" mechanism without participation of "large bodies" or "elementary bodies." | 1976 | 821914 |
| bacillus subtilis mutant temperature sensitive in the synthesis of ribonucleic acid. | a bacillus subtilis temperature-sensitive mutant (pb1653) has been isolated in which the rate of ribonucleic acid (rna) synthesis sharply decreases after shift to 45 degrees c. both stable and unstable rnas are affected by the mutation. the possibility that the block of transcription at high temperature could be due to a "stringent" effect, mediated by an increase in the concentration of "magic spot" nucleotides, has been ruled out. treatment with chloramphenicol (or streptomycin) rapidly restor ... | 1976 | 821917 |
| characterization of the n-acetylmuramic acid l-alanine amidase from bacillus subtilis. | the n-acetylmuramic acid l-alanine amidase from bacillus subtilis w-23 has been purified to apparent homogeneity. the enzyme is a monomer of molecular weight 51,000, which binds extremely tightly to homologous cell walls but not to heterologous cell walls, even of the closely related strain b. subtilis atcc 6051. this difference in binding is only in part due to differences in teichoic acid between these two strains and to a large extent appears to represent differences in the arrangement of the ... | 1976 | 821918 |
| bacillus pumilus plasmid ppl10: properties and insertion into bacillus subtilis 168 by transformation. | bacillus pumilus atcc 12140 harbors 10 or more copies per chromosome of each two small plasmids. variants of this strain were isolated which were sensitive to a killing activity produced by the plasmid-containing parent. each of 24 such sensitive (s) variants tested lacked detectable levels of supercoiled deoxyribonucleic acid. transduction of s variants to the kill+ phenotype was performed using phage pbp1 propagated on a mutant of atcc 12140, designated strain l10, that remained kill+ but reta ... | 1976 | 821919 |
| low-frequency, pbsi-mediated plasmid transduction in bacillus pumilus. | three bacteriophages were tested for ability to transduce the plasmid of ppl10 between w mutant derivatives of bacillus pumilus nrs 576. phage pbp1- and pmb1-generated plasmid transductants occurred at about 10% the frequency of transductants for a chromosome marker. phage pbs1-generated plasmid transductants occurred at less than 0.1% the frequency of transductants for a chromosome marker. possible reasons for the extremely reduced capacity of pbs1 to generate plasmid transductants are discusse ... | 1976 | 821920 |
| ethanol sensitivity of sporulation in bacillus subtilis: a new tool for the analysis of the sporulation process. | the growth rate of bacillus subtilis is lowered but the final cell yield is unchanged when certain concentrations of ethanol are present in the culture medium. at the concentration allowing growth at half-maximal rate, practically no spores are formed. blockage of spore formation generally occurs at stage 0-i. sensitivity to ethanol of the capacity to form spores is limited, in a nonsynchronized culture, to a period of at most 45 min around t1. postexponential events such as excretion of certain ... | 1976 | 821922 |
| cell wall assembly in bacillus subtilis: development of bacteriophage-binding properties as a result of the pulsed incorporation of teichoic acid. | addition of a pulse of excess phosphate to a phosphate-limited culture of bacillus subtilis w23 resulted in the synthesis and incorporation of wall material that contained teichoic acid. consequently, the bacteria regained the ability to bind phage sp50 although maximum phage-binding properties did not develop until approximately half a generation time after incorporation of teichoic acid had ceased. the present findings strongly support our earlier suggestion that newly synthesized receptor mat ... | 1976 | 821923 |
| autolytic enzyme-deficient mutants of bacillus subtilis 168. | mutants of bacillus subtilis strain 168 have been isolated that are at least 90 to 95% deficient in the autolytic enzymes n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase and endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase. these mutants grow at normal rates as very long chains of unseparated cells. the length of the chains is directly related to the growth rates. they are nonmotile and have no flagella, but otherwise appear to have normal cell morphology. their walls are fully sysceptible to enzymes formed by the wild type ... | 1976 | 821929 |
| uptake and retention of metals by cell walls of bacillus subtilis. | isolated walls of bacillus subtilis marburg, prepared in a manner which avoided metal contamination other than by the growth medium, were incubated in dilute metal solutions, separated by membrane filtration (0.22 mum), and monitored by atomic absorption to give uptake data for 18 metals. substantial amounts of mg2+, fe3+, cu2+, na+, and k+ (amounts which were often visible as au3+, and ni2+ (the higher atomic-numbered elements also visible as electron scattering), and small amounts of hg2+, sr2 ... | 1976 | 821933 |
| enzymatic degradation of uracil-containing dna. ii. evidence for n-glycosidase and nuclease activities in unfractionated extracts of bacillus subtilis. | further studies have confirmed our earlier observations that in the presence of edta, degradation of phage pbs2 [3h]uracil-labeled dna is effected by an n-glycosidase activity in extracts of bacillus subtilis that removes free uracil from dna. in addition, such extracts contain a nuclease activity that attacks pbs2 dna in the presence of cacl2. the nuclease activity is not observed under conditions that inactivate n-glycosidase activity but does attack dna that has been preincubated to remove ur ... | 1976 | 822172 |
| dna strand specificity of temporal rna classes produced during infection of bacillus subtilis by sp82. | the dna of the bacillus subtilis bacteriophage sp82 has been separated into heavy (h) and light (l) fractions by centrifugation in buoyant density gradients in the presence of polyguanylic acid. competition-hybridization experiments were performed with these separated fractions using rnas isolated from cells labeled at intervals which account for 80% of the lytic cycle and unlabeled competitor rnas isolated from phage-infected cells at 2-min intervals throughout infection. the analysis of tempor ... | 1976 | 822173 |
| genetic analysis of bacteriophage phi 29 of bacillus subtilis: integration and mapping of reference mutants of two collections. | reference mutants of bacillus subtilis phage phi 29 of the madrid and minneapolis collections were employed to construct a genetic map. suppressor-sensitive and temperature-sensitive mutants were assigned to 17 cistrons by quantitative complementation. three-factor crosses were used to assign an unambiguous order for the 17 cistrons. recombination frequencies determined by two-factor crosses were used to construct a linear genetic map of 24.4 recombination units. the genes were numbered sequenti ... | 1976 | 822174 |
| analysis of gene function of bacteriophage phi 29 of bacillus subtilis: identification of cistrons essential for viral assembly. | restrictive infection of bacillus subtilis by suppressor-sensitive (sus) mutants of phi 29 has been used to search for cistrons that function in viral assembly. the products of cistrons 7, 9, 10, and 16 are necessary for head morphogenesis. the neck upper collar protein p10 and the tail protein p9 must be present for dna packaging to occur. the protein p7 must be present for phage-related particles to form. a prohead-like particle has been isolated during 16-restrictive infection. the particle i ... | 1976 | 822175 |
| morphogenesis of bacteriophage phi 29 of bacillus subtilis: preliminary isolation and characterization of intermediate particles of the assembly pathway. | three classes of particles have been identified in restrictive phi 29 suppressor-sensitive (sus) mutant infections of bacillus subtilis, including dna-containing heads or phage, prohead, and empty heads. pulse-chase labeling experiments indicate that the prohead, the first particle assembled in 14-infected cells, is converted to dna-filled heads and phi 29. in addition to the proteins hd, p10, and f found in mature phi 29, the prohead contains a "core" protein p7 that exits as the prohead mature ... | 1976 | 822176 |
| mapping the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, coproporphyrinogen oxidase and ferrochelatase loci in bacillus subtilis. | three genes heme, hemf, hemg taking part in the porphyrin biosynthesis of baccillus subtilis were mapped by two- and three-factor transduction crosses. the gene heme determines uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (ec 4.1.1.37) the gene hemf coproporphyrinogen oxidase (ec 1.3.3.3) and the gene hemg ferrochelatase (ec 4.99.1.1) enzymes. the loci heme, hemf, hemg, are not linked to hema locus and located near the argc and metd loci. | 1976 | 822275 |
| conditional mutations in the translational apparatus of bacillus subtils. | four temperature sensitive mutants of b. subtilis were isolated by localized mutagenesis in the major ribosomal gene cluster, and charcterized genetically and biochemically. three are mutations which cause temperature sensitivity in the elongation factor ef-g, and one which has a similar effect on the elongation factor ef-tu. they map in a cluster near stra, with the temperature sensitive mutations in ef-g mapping between the stra gene and the temperature sensitive mutation in ef-tu. | 1976 | 822278 |
| isolation of a dna-protein complex containing a single dna fragment which is at or near the replication origin of the bacillus subtilis chromosome. | a chromosomal fragment containing pura, the nearest marker from the replication origin of the bacillus subtilis chromosome, was highly purified as a complex containing at least proteins and being solubilized easily during cell lysis. the complex had a markedly higher sedimentation rate (70-120s) than the bulk of the solubilized dna (40s). the electron microscopic observation showed the complex to be an aggregate of several dna molecules with a local structure containing amorphous materials which ... | 1976 | 822280 |
| identification of phage sp01 proteins coded by regulatory genes 33 and 34. | | 1976 | 822347 |
| bacteriophage sp01 regulatory proteins directing late gene transcription in vitro. | | 1976 | 822348 |
| an exosporium-like outer layer in bacillus subtilis spores. | | 1976 | 822351 |
| the problem of testing horse kidneys for the presence of antibiotics at meat inspection: how to avoid a false positive reaction. | when 33 horse kidneys were tested for the presence of inhibitory substances by the bacillus subtilis bga method at ph 8 and the micrococcus luteus atcc 9341 method, 24 were positive and 9 negative. the ph of the seeded m. luteus test medium changed from ph 6.6 before incubation to 8.7 after 24 hours incubation at 30 degrees c. when the same 33 kidneys were tested by the b. subtilis bga method, medium ph 6, and 15 of them also by the m. luteus method using a medium buffered to ph 6, all were nega ... | 1976 | 822397 |
| dna replication of bacteriophage phi29: isolation of a dna-protein complex from bacillus subtilis cells infected with wild-type and with a suppressor-sensitive mutant. | | 1976 | 822582 |
| [interaction between aminoacyl-trna synthetases (aas) and cell division in a temperature sensitive filamentous mutant of bacillus subtilis sb 19. i. characterization of aas]. | | 1976 | 822598 |
| [interaction between aminoacyl-trna synthetases (aas) and cell division in a temperature sensitive filamentous mutant of bacillus subtilis sb 19. ii. activator of aas]. | | 1976 | 822599 |
| antimicrobial substances in certain members of solanaceae. i. preliminary investigations. | | 1976 | 822631 |
| [conditions for bacterial transfection]. | | 1976 | 822657 |
| [alkaline phosphatase binding by the membrane apparatus of b. subtilis 83]. | | 1976 | 822658 |