| role of corvids in epidemiology of west nile virus in southern california. | the invasion of different southern california landscapes by west nile virus (wnv) and its subsequent amplification to epidemic levels during 2004 enabled us to study the impact of differing corvid populations in three biomes: the hot colorado desert with few corvids (coachella valley), the southern san joaquin valley (kern county) with large western scrub-jay but small american crow populations, and the cool maritime coast (los angeles) with a large clustered american crow population. similar su ... | 2006 | 16619622 |
| geographical distribution patterns and habitat suitability models for presence of host-seeking ixodid ticks in dense woodlands of mendocino county, california. | we used drag sampling to examine the geographical distribution patterns of ixodid ticks engaging in open (non-nidicolous) host-seeking behavior in dense woodland habitats of the climatically and ecologically diverse mendocino county in north coastal california. the findings based on this sampling methodology reflect risk of human exposure to host-seeking ticks rather than the true distribution of the ticks. drag sampling in 78 sites yielded 7,860 nymphal or adult ixodes pacificus cooley & kohls, ... | 2006 | 16619628 |
| epidemiology and prevention. | the 2006 conference on retroviruses and opportunistic infections marked the 13th year of this conference and the 25th anniversary of the first published cases of aids in gay men in los angeles. as noted in the opening plenary session, hiv has likely been present in the human population since the 1930s, and therefore represents a relatively recent disease for humans. however, by the end of 2005, more than 40 million persons were estimated to be living with hiv infection, and 5 million new infecti ... | 2006 | 16641523 |
| sentencing. sentence enhancement upheld for man who bit officers. | | 2006 | 16676385 |
| perceptions of human immunodeficiency virus testing services among hiv-positive persons not in medical care. | | 2006 | 16688101 |
| el niño effects on influenza mortality risks in the state of california. | recent el niño events have emphasized the need to develop modelling techniques to assess climate-related health events. experts agree that climate changes affect the spread of infectious diseases and that the geographic range of infectious diseases may expand as a result of these changes. nevertheless, the world health modelling community cannot yet predict, with reasonable accuracy, when or where exactly these effects will occur or how large the threat of these diseases will be to particular po ... | 2006 | 16697021 |
| illnesses related to shank application of metam-sodium, arvin, california, july 2002. | to evaluate the health effects of methyl isothiocyanate (mitc) and other byproducts resulting from the soil-incorporated (shank) application of 25,000 pounds of metam-sodium on july 8, 2002, near the community of arvin, california. | 2005 | 16702121 |
| taking the least of you: most of us have tissue or blood samples on file somewhere, whether we know it or not. what we don't typically know is what research they are being used for or how much money is being made from them. and science may want to keep things that way. | | 2006 | 16715570 |
| pilot measurements of elf contact currents in some electric utility occupations. | contact currents from touching objects with different voltages can produce electric fields within the body that produce neurological and other biological effects. to begin measuring these exposures among electric utility workers, a new contact current meter (ccm) was tested in a pilot study at southern california edison. the ccm was worn for 82 full-shift measurements by 76 volunteers from eight occupations who did not work directly with energized electrical equipment. the volunteers were expose ... | 2006 | 16718950 |
| twenty-five years of hiv/aids--united states, 1981-2006. | on june 5, 1981, mmwr published a report of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in five previously healthy young men in los angeles, california. these cases were later recognized as the first reported cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the united states. since that time, this disease has become one of the greatest public health challenges both nationally and globally. human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and aids have claimed the lives of more than 22 million persons worldwide, inclu ... | 2006 | 16741493 |
| 'death sentence' for alvarado? federal exclusion could force hospital to be closed or sold. | | 2006 | 16752860 |
| effects of transdermal testosterone administration on insulin sensitivity, fat mass and distribution, and markers of inflammation and thrombolysis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women with mild to moderate weight loss. | to determine the effects of raising serum t levels into the high normal female range by transdermal t administration on insulin sensitivity, fat volume, and markers of inflammation and thrombolysis in hiv-infected women with recent weight loss. | 2006 | 16759927 |
| development of a health-protective drinking water level for perchlorate. | we evaluated animal and human toxicity data for perchlorate and identified reduction of thyroidal iodide uptake as the critical end point in the development of a health-protective drinking water level [also known as the public health goal (phg)] for the chemical. this work was performed under the drinking water program of the office of environmental health hazard assessment of the california environmental protection agency. for dose-response characterization, we applied benchmark-dose modeling t ... | 2006 | 16759989 |
| yerkes, hamilton and the experimental study of the ape mind: from evolutionary psychiatry to eugenic politics. | robert yerkes is a pivotal figure in american psychology and primatology in the first half of the twentieth century. as is well known, yerkes first studied ape intelligence in 1915, on a visit to the private california laboratory of the psychiatrist gilbert hamilton, a former student. less widely appreciated is how far the work done at the hamilton lab, in its aims and ambitions as well as its techniques, served as a template for much of yerkes's research thereafter. this paper uses the hamilton ... | 2006 | 16769560 |
| yuan-cheng fung: a scientific giant and a kind man. | | 2004 | 16783942 |
| hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection among injection drug users in los angeles county, california. | this study examined the prevalence of hepatitis a (hav), b (hbv), c (hcv), and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) co-infection among injection drug users (idus) in los angeles county, california, and predictors of multiple infections in this population. six hundred seventy-nine idus were recruited from october 2002 through june 2004. participants completed questionnaires to elicit demographic, drug and sex risk information, and were tested for hepatitis a, b, c and hiv.a linear regression model ... | 2006 | 16785216 |
| human bocavirus: prevalence and clinical spectrum at a children's hospital. | molecular methods of pathogen discovery have recently led to the description of several new respiratory viruses. human bocavirus (hbov), a proposed member of the family parvoviridae, is one of the most recently described respiratory viruses. initial reports indicate that hbov is a common cause of respiratory tract infection in children. | 2006 | 16804840 |
| tides 2006--ibc conference. oligonucleotide and peptide technology and product development. 1-3 may 2006, carlsbad, ca, usa. | | 2006 | 16821153 |
| to reveal the genomes. | | 2006 | 16826511 |
| using forest inventory data to assess fisher resting habitat suitability in california. | the fisher (martes pennanti) is a forest-dwelling carnivore whose current distribution and association with late-seral forest conditions make it vulnerable to stand-altering human activities or natural disturbances. fishers select a variety of structures for daily resting bouts. these habitat elements, together with foraging and reproductive (denning) habitat, constitute the habitat requirements of fishers. we develop a model capable of predicting the suitability of fisher resting habitat using ... | 2006 | 16826999 |
| the safety and efficacy of dose-sparing intradermal administration of influenza vaccine in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. | | 2006 | 16832008 |
| widespread occurrence of phage-encoded exotoxin genes in terrestrial and aquatic environments in southern california. | many human diseases are caused by pathogens that produce exotoxins. the genes that encode these exotoxins are frequently encoded by mobile dna elements such as plasmids or phage. mobile dna elements can move exotoxin genes among microbial hosts, converting avirulent bacteria into pathogens. phage and bacteria from water, soil, and sediment environments represent a potential reservoir of phage- and plasmid-encoded exotoxin genes. the genes encoding exotoxins that are the causes of cholera, diphth ... | 2006 | 16842371 |
| a framework for assessing the impact of land use policy on community exposure to air toxics. | our research focuses on the linkage between land use planning policy and the spatial pattern of exposure to air toxics emissions. our objective is to develop a modeling framework for assessment of the community health risk implications of land use policy. the modeling framework is not intended to be a regulatory tool for small-scale land use decisions, but a long-range planning tool to assess the community health risk implications of alternative land use scenarios at a regional or subregional sc ... | 2007 | 16842900 |
| governing stem cell research in california and the usa: towards a social infrastructure. | owing to the restrictive human embryonic stem cell (hesc) policies of the us government, the question of whether to pursue human embryonic stem cell experiments has dominated the ethical and political discourse concerning such research. explicit attention must now turn to problems of implementing the research on a large scale: in the 2004 us elections, california voters approved a state initiative for stem cell research, earmarking $3 billion in direct spending over 10 years. this article explor ... | 2006 | 16843559 |
| pulmonary arteriopathy and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension in six dogs. | pulmonary arteriopathy (pa) is the pathologic hallmark in human medicine of diffuse constrictive (medial and intimal remodeling) or multifocal complex (plexiform and dilatative lesions) arterial lesions, or both, that lead to irreversible obliteration of the arterial lumen. clinically, pa leads to pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah), of which idiopathic (ipah) is one of the 5 subsets, and ultimately, to right-sided heart failure (rhf). clinical and pathologic findings from 6 dogs with diagnosi ... | 2006 | 16846993 |
| prevalence of hfe mutations in california newborns. | advances in molecular diagnostics have led to an increased interest in expanding population-based screening to include genetic diseases that occur outside the newborn period. hereditary hemochromatosis may be a candidate for large-scale screening in populations with a high prevalence of the common hfe mutations. to determine race-specific frequencies of the hfe mutations, c282y and h63d, the authors applied an automated, high-throughput genotyping method to dried blood spot samples from a repres ... | 2006 | 16849282 |
| use of human patient simulation in an undergraduate critical care course. | human patient simulation provides students with experiences and skills they might not otherwise encounter in a clinical rotation. it also offers an experience during which the time is suspended, thus affording students time to think critically, make decisions, and act, as opposed to the fast-paced hospital environment where students may have neither a clear picture of the situation nor adequate time to act. this article presents the design of a simulation center within a school of nursing along ... | 2006 | 16862020 |
| the influence of latent viral infection on rate of cognitive decline over 4 years. | to examine whether cytomegalovirus (cmv) and herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) are associated with cognitive decline over a 4-year period and to assess whether c-reactive protein (crp) modifies these relationships. | 2006 | 16866674 |
| the health benefits of reduced tropospheric ozone in california. | californians are exposed daily to concentrations of ozone (o3) that are among the highest in the united states. recently, the state adopted a new 8-hr ambient standard of 0.070 ppm, more stringent than the current federal standard. the new standard is based on controlled human studies and on dozens of epidemiologic studies reporting associations between o3 at current ambient levels and a wide range of adverse health outcomes. clearly, the new o3 standards will require further reductions in the p ... | 2006 | 16878591 |
| sylvatic maintenance of borrelia burgdorferi (spirochaetales) in northern california: untangling the web of transmission. | lyme borreliosis is associated with several genospecies of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) (spirochaetales), but human disease has been associated only with borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner in the western united states. restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of rrf-rrl amplicons from 124 tick and mammalian isolates from various habitats yielded 13 rflp patterns. of these patterns, six were patterns previously associat ... | 2006 | 16892634 |
| salmonella spp., vibrio spp., clostridium perfringens, and plesiomonas shigelloides in marine and freshwater invertebrates from coastal california ecosystems. | the coastal ecosystems of california are highly utilized by humans and animals, but the ecology of fecal bacteria at the land-sea interface is not well understood. this study evaluated the distribution of potentially pathogenic bacteria in invertebrates from linked marine, estuarine, and freshwater ecosystems in central california. a variety of filter-feeding clams, mussels, worms, and crab tissues were selectively cultured for salmonella spp., campylobacter spp., escherichia coli-o157, clostrid ... | 2006 | 16897302 |
| genetic non-discrimination, privacy and property rights. | | 2000 | 16903021 |
| flow fingerprinting fecal pollution and suspended solids in stormwater runoff from an urban coastal watershed. | field studies were conducted to characterize the concentration vs streamflow relationships (or "flow fingerprints") of fecal pollution and suspended solids in stormwater runoff from the santa ana river watershed, the largest watershed in southern california. the concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria and f+ coliphages (viruses infecting e. coli) exhibit little-to-no dependence on streamflow rates, whereas the concentrations of total suspended solids (tss) exhibit a very strong (power-law) de ... | 2006 | 16903282 |
| a tale of three cities--where rhios meet the nhin. | regional health information exchanges in california, indiana, and massachusetts have been collaborating on a prototype for a nationwide health information network, first under the auspices of the markle foundation's connecting for health program and now under contract to the department of health and human services' office of the national coordinator for health information technology. since mid-2004, this collaboration has evolved from a collection of regional efforts to a standards-driven cooper ... | 2006 | 16903663 |
| west nile virus activity--united states, january 1-august 15, 2006. | this report summarizes west nile virus (wnv) surveillance data reported to cdc through arbonet as of 3 a.m. mountain daylight time, august 15, 2006. a total of 26 states had reported 388 cases of human wnv illness to cdc. a total of 214 (56%) cases for which such data were available occurred in males; median age of patients was 49 years (range: 2-91 years). dates of illness onset ranged from january 6 to august 10; a total of 13 cases were fatal. a total of 68 presumptive west nile viremic blood ... | 2006 | 16915222 |
| court oversight does not free man from hiv testing order. | | 2006 | 16918002 |
| associations of variations in alcohol dehydrogenase genes with the level of response to alcohol in non-asians. | risk and protective factors for alcohol use disorders (auds) are complex and reflect both environmental and genetic factors. genetic components account for about 50% of the variation and influence several phenotypes, including the level of response (lr) to alcohol as well as alcohol-metabolizing enzyme polymorphisms. variations in the adh1b and adh1c genes may influence the lr to alcohol by increasing levels of acetaldehyde during alcohol metabolism, although most data on this question come from ... | 2006 | 16930209 |
| exogenous shocks to the human sex ratio: the case of september 11, 2001 in new york city. | the human secondary sex ratio reportedly falls in populations subjected to exogenous stressors such as earthquakes or political and social upheavals. explanations of the association include reduced conception of males and increased fetal deaths among males. the latter explanation has been supported by research reporting that the sex ratio in california fell 3 months, but not 8, 9 or 10 months, after the terrorist attacks of september 11, 2001. california's distance from the attacks raises the qu ... | 2006 | 16936298 |
| human impacts, plant invasion, and imperiled plant species in california. | invasive species are one of the fastest growing conservation problems. these species homogenize the world's flora and fauna, threaten rare and endemic species, and impose large economic costs. here, we examine the distribution of 834 of the more than 1000 exotic plant taxa that have become established in california, usa. total species richness increases with net primary productivity; however, the exotic flora is richest in low-lying coastal sites that harbor large numbers of imperiled species, w ... | 2006 | 16937802 |
| human plague--four states, 2006. | plague is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis. in 2006, a total of 13 human plague cases have been reported among residents of four states: new mexico (seven cases), colorado (three cases), california (two cases), and texas (one case). this is the largest number of cases reported in a single year in the united states since 1994. dates of illness onset ranged from february 16 to august 14; two (15%) cases were fatal. the median age of patients was 43 years (range: 13-79 yea ... | 2006 | 16943764 |
| ethnicity and use of alternative products in psychiatric patients. | the use of herbal and natural products for medical purposes is common in all human civilizations, and use in western societies has grown considerably in recent years. however, differences in usage patterns between different ethnic groups are yet to be delineated. the current study examined the frequency and type of complementary/alternative medications used by a sample of 453 rural psychiatric outpatients of two different ethnic groups. the products were classified as "natural" (herbal products ... | 2006 | 16959929 |
| serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d, parathyroid hormone, and bone mineral density in men: the rancho bernardo study. | this study examined the distribution and determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d (25ohd) and parathyroid hormone (pth) and their associations with bone mineral density (bmd) at the hip and spine in 414 older men (mean age 74 years) living in southern california. | 2006 | 16967190 |
| monitoring county-level vaccination coverage during the 2004-2005 influenza season. | during the 2004-2005 influenza season, the united states faced a sudden shortage of influenza vaccine. in response, the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) and the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) recommended prioritizing vaccination for persons aged 65 and older and others at high risk. to monitor subsequent vaccination coverage, several questions about influenza vaccination were added to the ongoing behavioral risk factor surveillance system (brfss). this study ... | 2006 | 16979450 |
| having sex and condom use: potential risks and benefits reported by young, sexually inexperienced adolescents. | this study determines what young adolescents themselves identify as the potential positive and negative outcomes of having sex, using a condom and not using a condom. | 2006 | 16982395 |
| genetic and phenotypic variability among salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates from california dairy cattle and humans. | fifty-six human and 24 adult dairy cattle isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium from a single county in california were compared using ribotyping, insertion sequence typing (is200), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, plasmid typing, phage typing, and antimicrobial resistance testing. the majority of the isolates fell into one of two groups which were phage types dt104 and dt193. combining the information from all typing methods, a total of 45 different "clusters" were defined, with ... | 2006 | 17021214 |
| exposure. sentence upheld for man who drew blood in fight with police. | | 2006 | 17024724 |
| internet access and use among homeless and indigent drug users in long beach, california. | there has been a growing interest in using the internet to access a variety of populations for prevention education and health care. it is not clear that this is viable for homeless and other marginalized populations. the purpose of this study was to describe internet access and use among a sample of homeless and indigent drug users. a brief questionnaire was developed to assess computer ownership, use, email, and internet access and use. participants were recruited through a community-based hum ... | 2006 | 17034321 |
| haplotype-based association studies of igfbp1 and igfbp3 with prostate and breast cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort. | collective evidence suggests that the insulin-like growth factor (igf) system plays a role in prostate and breast cancer risk. igf-binding proteins (igfbp) are the principal regulatory molecules that modulate igf-i bioavailability in the circulation and tissues. to examine whether inherited differences in the igfbp1 and igfbp3 genes influence prostate and breast cancer susceptibility, we conducted two large population-based association studies of african americans, native hawaiians, japanese ame ... | 2006 | 17035411 |
| spatial patterns of lyme disease risk in california based on disease incidence data and modeling of vector-tick exposure. | ixodes pacificus, particularly the nymphal life stage, is the primary vector to humans of the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi in california. during 2004, we collected i. pacificus nymphs from 78 woodland sites in ecologically diverse mendocino county, which has a moderately high incidence of lyme disease. within this county, nymphal density was elevated in forested areas with a growing degree day range of 2,600-3,000 (10 degrees c base). using a geographic information systems approach, w ... | 2006 | 17038692 |
| fishing elevates variability in the abundance of exploited species. | the separation of the effects of environmental variability from the impacts of fishing has been elusive, but is essential for sound fisheries management. we distinguish environmental effects from fishing effects by comparing the temporal variability of exploited versus unexploited fish stocks living in the same environments. using the unique suite of 50-year-long larval fish surveys from the california cooperative oceanic fisheries investigations we analyse fishing as a treatment effect in a lon ... | 2006 | 17051218 |
| conservation planning for ecosystem services. | despite increasing attention to the human dimension of conservation projects, a rigorous, systematic methodology for planning for ecosystem services has not been developed. this is in part because flows of ecosystem services remain poorly characterized at local-to-regional scales, and their protection has not generally been made a priority. we used a spatially explicit conservation planning framework to explore the trade-offs and opportunities for aligning conservation goals for biodiversity wit ... | 2006 | 17076586 |
| the rate at which serum total beta-subunit human chorionic gonadotropin increases after embryo transfer is a predictor of the viability of pregnancy and an identifier of determinants of pregnancy. | to determine whether elements of treatment associated with faster doubling times of total beta-hcg in serum (beta-t2) in pregnant patients are also associated with a higher likelihood of pregnancy in all patients. | 2006 | 17081527 |
| pacific craniofacial team and cleft prevention program. | there is no doubt modern genetics have greatly influenced our professional and personal lives during the last decade. uncovering genetic causes of many medical and dental pathologies is helping to narrow the diagnosis and select a treatment plan that would provide the best outcome. importantly, having an understanding of multifactorial etiology helps direct our attention toward prevention. we now understand much better our own health problems. in some cases, we can modify our lifestyle and diet ... | 2006 | 17087397 |
| comparison of salmonella enterica serovar distribution and antibiotic resistance patterns in wastewater at municipal water treatment plants in two california cities. | to determine salmonella enterica serovars and antibiotic resistance (abr) in the human waste stream. | 2006 | 17105561 |
| the effects of years lived in the united states on the general health status of california's foreign-born populations. | the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of immigrant status and years lived in the united states on the general health status of california's foreign-born populations. two models were constructed using california's aggregate adult population and the adult foreign-born population. a binary logistic regression was conducted using data from the 2003 california health interview survey. california's immigrant populations were found to enjoy a self-assessed health advantage compared to cal ... | 2007 | 17111215 |
| labor's critical role in workplace health and safety in california and beyond--as labor shifts priorities, where will health and safety sit? | organized labor has been largely responsible for the health and safety protections many u.s. workers take for granted. this article provides a brief history of labor's influence on california's health and safety policies--sometimes with ripple effects beyond its borders. six cases where various successful strategies were used are examined. these gains were achieved with strong support from international health and safety staff, and, on some issues, support from the state labor federation. but in ... | 2006 | 17145641 |
| water quality indicators and the risk of illness at beaches with nonpoint sources of fecal contamination. | indicator bacteria are a good predictor of illness at marine beaches that have point sources of pollution with human fecal content. few studies have addressed the utility of indicator bacteria where nonpoint sources are the dominant fecal input. extrapolating current water-quality thresholds to such locations is uncertain. | 2007 | 17149140 |
| competing definitions of contextual environments. | the growing interest in the effects of contextual environments on health outcomes has focused attention on the strengths and weaknesses of alternate contextual unit definitions for use in multilevel analysis. the present research examined three methods to define contextual units for a sample of children already enrolled in a respiratory health study. the inclusive equal weights method (m1) and inclusive sample weighted method (m2) defined communities using the boundaries of the census blocks tha ... | 2006 | 17156433 |
| building capacity for hiv/aids prevention among asian pacific islander organizations: the experience of a culturally appropriate capacity-building program in southern california. | this article has two goals: (1) to outline a conceptual model for culturally appropriate hiv prevention capacity building; (2) to present the experiences from a 3-year program provided by asian pacific aids intervention team to asian pacific islander (api) organizations in southern california. the participating organizations were of two types: lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (lgbtq) social organizations and social service agencies not targeting lgbtq. these organizations wer ... | 2007 | 17159469 |
| genome-wide linkage analysis of lipids in nondiabetic chinese and japanese from the sapphire family study. | lipid levels are recognized as major risk factors for coronary heart disease (chd). discovery of major loci underlying quantitative lipid traits could help to elucidate the genetics of chd. | 2006 | 17161774 |
| the effectiveness of a novel, algorithm-based difficult airway curriculum for air medical crews using human patient simulators. | airway management is one of the most important skills possessed by flight crews. however, few data exist about the efficacy of various educational approaches. traditional models for airway training, including cadaver labs, operating room exposure, and clinical apprenticeships, are scarce and offer variable educational quality. the objective of this analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of a simulator-based difficult airway curriculum in a large, aeromedical company. | 2007 | 17169882 |
| epidemiologic investigation of a cluster of workplace hiv infections in the adult film industry: los angeles, california, 2004. | adult film production is a legal, multibillion dollar industry in california. in response to reports of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission by an adult film worker, we sought to determine the extent of hiv infection among exposed workers and to identify means of improving worker safety. | 2007 | 17173235 |
| prioritization of pesticide environmental transformation products in drinking water supplies. | receiving waters within catchments may be exposed to many different transformation products following the application of pesticides. as environmental waters are abstracted for drinking water treatment these compounds may pose a risk to human health. this paper describes a prioritization approach for identifying the most important transformation products in drinking water sources. the approach can be applied to different geographical areas that have suitable pesticide usage data. the risk based a ... | 2006 | 17180979 |
| chka and pcyt1a gene polymorphisms, choline intake and spina bifida risk in a california population. | neural tube defects (ntds) are among the most common of all human congenital defects. over the last two decades, accumulating evidence has made it clear that periconceptional intake of folic acid can significantly reduce the risk of ntd affected pregnancies. this beneficial effect may be related to the ability of folates to donate methyl groups for critical physiological reactions. choline is an essential nutrient and it is also a methyl donor critical for the maintenance of cell membrane integr ... | 2006 | 17184542 |
| daryamides a-c, weakly cytotoxic polyketides from a marine-derived actinomycete of the genus streptomyces strain cnq-085. | in the course of our continuing search for new antitumor-antibiotics from marine-derived actinomycete bacteria, four new cytotoxic compounds, designated as daryamides a (1), b (2), and c (3) and (2e,4e)-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoic acid amide (4), were isolated from the culture broth of a marine-derived streptomyces strain cnq-085. the structures of these new compounds were assigned by detailed interpretation of spectroscopic data. the relative configuration of 1 was determined by comprehensive nmr ... | 2006 | 17190455 |
| prevalence and histopathologic characteristics of pancreatitis in cats. | despite the high prevalence of feline pancreatic disease, no detailed description on the histopathologic nature of this disease is currently available in the literature. in this study we characterize the distribution and histopathologic changes commonly found in feline pancreases, correlate the lesions with age and gastrointestinal gi and extra-gastrointestinal disease, and compare the pancreatic lesions in cats with those in humans. the entire pancreas was removed and examined from 115 cats pre ... | 2007 | 17197622 |
| establishing procedures for institutional oversight of stem cell research. | academic health centers (ahcs), which are at the forefront of stem cell research, need to establish institutional stem cell research oversight committees (scros) to comply with 2005 national academy of sciences (nas) recommendations and to establish public trust in this sensitive research. institutional review boards (irbs) typically lack the expertise and time to adequately review the specific ethical issues raised by stem cell research. to assure careful, timely, and coordinated review of the ... | 2007 | 17198282 |
| case-control study of shigellosis in san francisco: the role of sexual transmission and hiv infection. | shigella species infect approximately 450,000 persons annually in the united states. person-to-person transmission of shigella species, which have a low infectious dose, occurs frequently, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene. sexual transmission of shigella species among men who have sex with men (msm) has been inferred from outbreaks of shigellosis among that population, and limited studies have suggested the importance of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection as a ris ... | 2007 | 17205436 |
| clinical utility of hiv standard genotyping among antiretroviral-naive individuals with unknown duration of infection. | in clinical settings, we have found a high rate of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) drug resistance among antiretroviral-naive patients for whom the duration of infection was unknown. these high rates were most likely the result of both transmitted resistance and informal antiretroviral use, and they suggest that routine resistance testing among antiretroviral-naive patients would be a cost-effective clinical practice. | 2007 | 17205459 |
| preparing public health nurses for pandemic influenza through distance learning. | as a global influenza pandemic appears imminent with the spread of avian influenza, the california department of health services (cdhs) and the california distance learning health network (cdlhn) presented a live 90-min satellite broadcast and subsequent 2-hr small group problem-solving tabletop exercise to practice interventions needed to minimize the consequences of a pandemic event. public health nurses (phns), managers, and other staff in laboratories, clinical care, veterinary medicine, env ... | 2007 | 17214655 |
| multicenter evaluation of a new ultrasound-guided biopsy device: improved ergonomics, sampling and rebiopsy rates. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate performance, ergonomics, and immediate rebiopsy rate of a new vacuum-assisted biopsy (vab) device for ultrasound-guided breast biopsies. between december 2002 and april 2003, 113 patients meeting study criteria were biopsied at four centers using the new 9 gauge vab device. the device has a radiofrequency-tipped probe, 360 degrees vacuum, a circumferential cutter, and a coaxial cannula for multiple sampling. patient and procedural data included breast co ... | 2007 | 17214791 |
| how valid is using cancer registries' data to identify acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related non-hodgkin's lymphoma? | we sought to determine the accuracy of cancer registry data regarding the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) status of patients with non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl). | 2007 | 17235495 |
| hemochromatosis (hfe) gene splice site mutation ivs5+1 g/a in north american vietnamese with and without phenotypic evidence of iron overload. | homozygosity for a novel hemochromatosis (hfe) gene splice site mutation (ivs5+1 g/a) was previously reported in a 48-year-old vietnamese man residing in germany who had an elevated serum ferritin (sf) and transferrin saturation (ts) and severe iron overload on liver biopsy. this mutation was not found in 222 controls of central european origin but has been found in southeast asians living in vietnam without evidence of iron overload. hemochromatosis and iron overload screening (heirs) study is ... | 2007 | 17240320 |
| comparative estimation of the reproduction number for pandemic influenza from daily case notification data. | the reproduction number, r, defined as the average number of secondary cases generated by a primary case, is a crucial quantity for identifying the intensity of interventions required to control an epidemic. current estimates of the reproduction number for seasonal influenza show wide variation and, in particular, uncertainty bounds for r for the pandemic strain from 1918 to 1919 have been obtained only in a few recent studies and are yet to be fully clarified. here, we estimate r using daily ca ... | 2007 | 17254982 |
| nod2 variants and antibody response to microbial antigens in crohn's disease patients and their unaffected relatives. | the cdcs1 locus of the c3bir mouse confers severe colitis associated with a decrease in innate immune function and an increase in adaptive t-cell responses to commensal bacterial products. the aim of our study was to determine if defects in innate immunity are similarly associated with increased adaptive immune responses to microbial antigens in crohn's disease patients. | 2007 | 17258734 |
| acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccination among californian parents of daughters: a representative statewide analysis. | to examine likelihood of parental acceptance of human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccination for young adolescent girls, together with reasons for acceptance and nonacceptance. the ultimate goal of this research is to inform policy decisions and educational planning in this area. | 2007 | 17259050 |
| evidence for mycoplasma ssp., chlamydia pneunomiae, and human herpes virus-6 coinfections in the blood of patients with autistic spectrum disorders. | we examined the blood of 48 patients from central and southern california diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorders (asd) by using forensic polymerase chain reaction and found that a large subset (28/48 or 58.3%) of patients showed evidence of mycoplasma spp. infections compared with two of 45 (4.7%) age-matched control subjects (odds ratio = 13.8, p < 0.001). because asd patients have a high prevalence of one or more mycoplasma spp. and sometimes show evidence of infections with chlamydia pneu ... | 2007 | 17265454 |
| hiv/aids diagnoses among blacks--florida, 1999-2004. | in 2004, florida accounted for 11% of the total number of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) cases in the united states, ranking third behind new york and california. florida also had the second-highest reported aids diagnosis rate (behind new york). during 2004, non-hispanic blacks accounted for 14% of the florida population but 52% of the 77,421 persons in florida living with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)/aids. this report describes trends in diagnoses of hiv/aids cases that occurr ... | 2007 | 17268403 |
| molecular characterization of a variant rhinovirus from an outbreak associated with uncommonly high mortality. | human rhinoviruses (hrvs) are the most frequent cause of acute upper respiratory tract infection, however, they are also known to replicate in the lower respiratory tract and associate with more severe respiratory illnesses. an outbreak of hrv occurred in a long-term facility in santa cruz, california with unusually high morbidity and mortality. | 2007 | 17276135 |
| trends in the use of sexually transmitted disease diagnostic technologies in california, 1996-2003. | to describe trends in std diagnostic test volume and test technology in california from 1996 to 2003. | 2007 | 17277611 |
| major fetal abnormalities associated with positive screening tests for smith-lemli-opitz syndrome (slos). | determine the relationship between positive screening interpretations for smith-lemli-opitz syndrome (slos) and other fetal abnormalities, to aid counseling and diagnostic activities. | 2007 | 17286308 |
| detection of rickettsia rickettsii and bartonella henselae in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks from california. | sixty-two questing adult rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) ticks were collected by direct removal from blades of turfgrass and adjacent concrete walkways at a suburban home in riverside county, ca, and tested for the presence of rickettsia, bartonella, and ehrlichia dna. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to amplify fragments of the 17-kda antigen gene and the rompa gene of the spotted fever group rickettsiae. one male tick contained r. rickettsii dna; its genotype differed from r. rick ... | 2007 | 17294935 |
| transcription factor 7-like 2 (tcf7l2) is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus and interacts with adiposity to alter insulin secretion in mexican americans. | variation in transcription factor 7-like 2 (tcf7l2) gene has been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes and diabetes-related quantitative traits. we examined variation in a 0.1-mb region surrounding marker dg10s478 for association with diabetes-related quantitative traits in 132 mexican-american families of a proband with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (gdm). | 2007 | 17317761 |
| management by assertion: beavers and songbirds at lake skinner (riverside county, california). | management of ecological reserve lands should rely on the best available science to achieve the goal of biodiversity conservation. "adaptive resource management" is the current template to ensure that management decisions are reasoned and that decisions increase understanding of the system being managed. in systems with little human disturbance, certain management decisions are clear; steps to protect native species usually include the removal of invasive species. in highly modified systems, how ... | 2007 | 17318698 |
| proprietary rights in body parts: the relevance of moore's case in australia. | | 1993 | 17333577 |
| performance-based measures: the early results are in. | pay for performance (p4p) initiatives are designed to foster and reward improvement in health care delivery. these programs promote "value-based health care" by rewarding quality care that is characterized by a reduced amount of disproportionate spending. | 2007 | 17341139 |
| the public health need and present status of a vaccine for the prevention of coccidioidomycosis. | although the epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis has been well described, there is a paucity of recent data on the public health burden associated with this disease. accordingly, california's inpatient hospital discharge data set from 1997 to 2002 was used to calculate the incidence of hospitalization for coccidioidomycosis by county, year, age, race, ethnicity, and gender. the overall finding that coccidioidomycosis has a significant impact in endemic areas supports the conclusion that the need ... | 2007 | 17344529 |
| association between cfl1 gene polymorphisms and spina bifida risk in a california population. | cfl1 encodes human non-muscle cofilin (n-cofilin), which is an actin-depolymerizing factor and is essential in cytokinesis, endocytosis, and in the development of all embryonic tissues. cfl1 knockout mice exhibit failure of neural tube closure at e10.5 and die in utero. we hypothesized that genetic variation within the human cfl1 gene may alter the protein's function and result in defective actin depolymerizing and cellular activity during neural tube closure. such alterations may be associated ... | 2007 | 17352815 |
| comparative in vitro toxicity of grape- and citrus-farm dusts. | agricultural workers are exposed to a variety of airborne dusts, including crystalline silica and other inorganic minerals. this study was designed to characterize the organic and inorganic components of agricultural dusts in california grape- and citrus-farm fields and to compare their cytotoxicity using in vitro toxicity bioassays as predictors of pathogenicity. aerosolized dusts collected from farm fields were characterized by scanning-electron-microscopic energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, x- ... | 2007 | 17365569 |
| polybrominated diphenyl ether levels in the blood of pregnant women living in an agricultural community in california. | recent studies have raised concerns about polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) flame retardant exposures to pregnant women and women of child-bearing age in the united states. few studies have measured pbdes in immigrant populations. | 2007 | 17366822 |
| u.s.: sexual history must be disclosed in lawsuit for negligent hiv transmission, california supreme court rules. | in july 2006, the supreme court of california ruled that a man being sued for allegedly transmitting hiv to his partner was required to disclose information about his sexual history. the court also decided that in order to sue for negligent transmission of hiv, a plaintiff need not prove that the defendant actually knew he was hiv-positive at the time of sexual relations. rather, it would be enough for the plaintiff to show that the defendant had reason to know he was living with hiv at the time ... | 2006 | 17373084 |
| multiple antimicrobial resistance in plague: an emerging public health risk. | antimicrobial resistance in yersinia pestis is rare, yet constitutes a significant international public health and biodefense threat. in 1995, the first multidrug resistant (mdr) isolate of y. pestis (strain ip275) was identified, and was shown to contain a self-transmissible plasmid (pip1202) that conferred resistance to many of the antimicrobials recommended for plague treatment and prophylaxis. comparative analysis of the dna sequence of y. pestis plasmid pip1202 revealed a near identical inc ... | 2007 | 17375195 |
| telesurgery via unmanned aerial vehicle (uav) with a field deployable surgical robot. | robotically assisted surgery stands to further revolutionize the medical field and provide patients with more effective healthcare. most robotically assisted surgeries are teleoperated from the surgeon console to the patient where both ends of the system are located in the operating room. the challenge of surgical teleoperation across a long distance was already demonstrated through a wired communication network in 2001. new development has shifted towards deploying a surgical robot system in mo ... | 2007 | 17377292 |
| america's changing attitudes toward homosexuality, civil unions, and same-gender marriage: 1977-2004. | on may 17, 2004, massachusetts became the first state to legalize same-gender marriage. from california to missouri, nearly all states now face legislative challenges to the once firmly entrenched notion that marriage can only exist between a man and a woman. public opinion polls conducted from 1977 to 2004 found that americans' attitudes toward gay men and lesbians and marriages or civil unions for same-gender couples have evolved. opposition persists, however. the most recent data indicate sup ... | 2007 | 17388085 |
| expanding understanding of epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis in the western hemisphere. | coccidioidomycosis is a disease of both national and worldwide importance that is most often diagnosed in nonendemic regions. the endemic region for coccidioides spp. lies exclusively in the western hemisphere. coccidioides spp. has long been identified in semiarid areas of the united states and mexico, and endemic foci have been described in areas of central and south america. infection is usually the result of activities that cause the fungus to become airborne and inhaled by a susceptible hos ... | 2007 | 17395731 |
| chagas disease in the united states: a cause for concern in louisiana? | chagas disease, or american trypanosomiasis, is an arthropod-borne protozoan infectious disease, hyperendemic throughout latin america, caused by trypanosoma cruzi, and transmitted to man by reduviid or kissing bugs. throughout the americas, chagas disease shares many life cycle features with malaria, including transmission of infectious stages by local arthropods, exacerbation or reactivation of subclinical infections by immunosuppression (particularly hiv/aids) and pregnancy, and both transpla ... | 2007 | 17396472 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 infection does not influence viral dynamics during early hiv-1 infection. | we sought to compare baseline and longitudinal plasma hiv-1 loads between herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2)-seropositive and -seronegative individuals who are enrolled in a primary hiv-1 infection cohort in san diego, california. | 2007 | 17396995 |
| market basket survey shows elevated levels of as in south central u.s. processed rice compared to california: consequences for human dietary exposure. | we report the largest market basket survey of arsenic (as) in u.s. rice to date. our findings show differences in transitional-metal levels between polished and unpolished rice and geographical variation in as and selenium (se) between rice processed in california and the south central u.s. the mean and median as grain levels for the south central u.s. were 0.30 and 0.27 mimcrog as g(-1), respectively, for 107 samples. levels for california were 41% lower than the south central u.s., with a mean ... | 2007 | 17438760 |
| human rabies--indiana and california, 2006. | rabies is a viral infection that causes acute, progressive encephalitis and is considered to be universally fatal. however, during 2004, an unvaccinated wisconsin patient received a new medical treatment and became the first documented survivor of rabies who had not received preexposure vaccination or postexposure prophylaxis (pep), suggesting the possibility of successful future interventions. this report describes two recent patients with rabies who were treated using therapy similar to that u ... | 2007 | 17443120 |
| polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in san francisco bay. | san francisco bay is facing a legacy of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) spread widely across the land surface of the watershed, mixed deep into the sediment of the bay, and contaminating the bay food web to a degree that poses health risks to humans and wildlife. in response to this persistent problem, water quality managers are establishing a pcb total maximum daily load (tmdl) and implementation plan to accelerate the recovery of the bay from decades of pcb contamination. this article provide ... | 2007 | 17451673 |