| cytomegalovirus vaccine development. | although infection with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is ubiquitous and usually asymptomatic, there are individuals at high risk for serious hcmv disease. these include solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell (hsc) transplant patients, individuals with hiv infection, and the fetus. since immunity to hcmv ameliorates the severity of disease, there have been efforts made for over 30 years to develop vaccines for use in these high-risk settings. however, in spite of these efforts, no hcmv vaccine ap ... | 2008 | 18637516 |
| mechanisms of cytomegalovirus-accelerated vascular disease: induction of paracrine factors that promote angiogenesis and wound healing. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is associated with the acceleration of a number of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, restenosis, and transplant vascular sclerosis (tvs). all of these diseases are the result of either mechanical or immune-mediated injury followed by inflammation and subsequent smooth muscle cell (smc) migration from the vessel media to the intima and proliferation that culminates in vessel narrowing. a number of epidemiological and animal studies have demonstrated that cmv ... | 2008 | 18637518 |
| manifestations of human cytomegalovirus infection: proposed mechanisms of acute and chronic disease. | infections with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans with acquired or developmental deficits in innate and adaptive immunity. in the normal immunocompetent host, symptoms rarely accompany acute infections, although prolonged virus shedding is frequent. virus persistence is established in all infected individuals and appears to be maintained by both a chronic productive infections as well as latency with restricted viral gene expression. the contribu ... | 2008 | 18637519 |
| dynamic histone h3 acetylation and methylation at human cytomegalovirus promoters during replication in fibroblasts. | human cytomegalovirus dna is packaged in virions without histones but associates with histones upon reaching the nucleus of an infected cell. since transcription is modulated by the interplay of histone modifications, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation to detect acetylation and methylation of histone h3 at viral promoters at different times during the viral replication cycle. histone h3 at immediate-early promoters is acetylated at the start of infection, while it is initially methylated at e ... | 2008 | 18653451 |
| in vivo competence of murine cytomegalovirus under the control of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early enhancer in the establishment of latency and reactivation. | the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) major immediate-early enhancer has been postulated to play a pivotal role in the control of latency and reactivation. however, the absence of an animal model has obstructed a direct test of this hypothesis. here we report on the establishment of an in vivo, experimentally tractable system for quantitatively investigating physiological functions of the hcmv enhancer. using a neonate balb/c mouse model, we show that a chimeric murine cmv under the control of the hc ... | 2008 | 18684819 |
| human cytomegalovirus ul18 utilizes us6 for evading the nk and t-cell responses. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) us6 glycoprotein inhibits tap function, resulting in down-regulation of mhc class i molecules at the cell surface. cells lacking mhc class i molecules are susceptible to nk cell lysis. hcmv expresses ul18, a mhc class i homolog that functions as a surrogate to prevent host cell lysis. despite a high level of sequence and structural homology between ul18 and mhc class i molecules, surface expression of mhc class i, but not ul18, is down regulated by us6. here, we desc ... | 2008 | 18688275 |
| incidence of human herpes virus-6 and human cytomegalovirus infections in donated bone marrow and umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells. | this study examined the incidence of human herpes virus-6 (hhv-6) and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infections that are potentially transmitted to haematopoietic stem cells (hsc) transplant recipients via bone marrow (bm) or umbilical cord blood (ucb). bone marrow progenitor cells were collected from 30 allogenic bm donors. ucb hsc were collected from 34 subjects. the extracted dna was then processed using nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) technique. hcmv and hhv-6 serological status were d ... | 2008 | 18695326 |
| maribavir: a novel antiviral agent with activity against cytomegalovirus. | to review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of maribavir, a novel antiviral agent in the benzimidazole drug class. | 2008 | 18698013 |
| platelet-derived growth factor-alpha receptor activation is required for human cytomegalovirus infection. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus that can cause life-threatening disease in the fetus and the immunocompromised host. upon attachment to the cell, the virus induces robust inflammatory, interferon- and growth-factor-like signalling. the mechanisms facilitating viral entry and gene expression are not clearly understood. here we show that platelet-derived growth factor-alpha receptor (pdgfr-alpha) is specifically phosphorylated by both laboratory and clinical isolates ... | 2008 | 18701889 |
| synthesis and characterization of novel quinazoline type inhibitors for mutant and wild-type egfr and rick kinases. | the development of selective protein kinase inhibitors has become an important area of drug discovery for the treatment of different diseases. we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of novel quinazoline derivatives against three therapeutically important and pharmacologically related kinases: 1) epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr; wild type and mutant) in the field of cancer, 2) receptor-interacting caspase-like apoptosis-regulatory kinase (rick) in the field of inflammatio ... | 2008 | 18702009 |
| anchor-based fluorescent amplicon generation assays (flag) for real-time measurement of human cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, and varicella-zoster virus viral loads. | monitoring the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), or varicella-zoster virus (vzv) viral load is an important factor in the management of immunosuppressed patients, such as recipients of solid-organ or bone marrow transplants. the advent of real-time pcr technologies has prompted the widespread development of quantitative pcr assays for the detection of viral loads and other diagnostic purposes. | 2008 | 18703767 |
| sel1l nucleates a protein complex required for dislocation of misfolded glycoproteins. | membrane and secretory proteins that fail to pass quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum are discharged into the cytosol and degraded by the proteasome. many of the mammalian components involved in this process remain to be identified. we performed a biochemical search for proteins that interact with sel1l, a protein that is part of the mammalian hrd1 ligase complex and involved in substrate recognition. sel1l is crucial for dislocation of class i major histocompatibility complex heavy cha ... | 2008 | 18711132 |
| genetic linkage among human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein n (gn) and go genes, with evidence for recombination from congenitally and post-natally infected japanese infants. | investigation of sequence polymorphisms in the glycoprotein n (gn; gp4273), go (gp4274) and gh (gp4275) genes of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) strains collected from 63 japanese children revealed that their go genotype distribution differed slightly from that of caucasian populations and that there was a significant linkage between the gn and go genotypes. linkage of these genotypes in strains obtained from caucasian populations has been reported, so our similar findings in japanese infants are c ... | 2008 | 18753237 |
| germline v-genes sculpt the binding site of a family of antibodies neutralizing human cytomegalovirus. | immunoglobulin genes are generated somatically through specialized mechanisms resulting in a vast repertoire of antigen-binding sites. despite the stochastic nature of these processes, the v-genes that encode most of the antigen-combining site are under positive evolutionary selection, raising the possibility that v-genes have been selected to encode key structural features of binding sites of protective antibodies against certain pathogens. human, neutralizing antibodies to human cytomegaloviru ... | 2008 | 18772881 |
| internal deletions of ie2 86 and loss of the late ie2 60 and ie2 40 proteins encoded by human cytomegalovirus affect the levels of ul84 protein but not the amount of ul84 mrna or the loading and distribution of the mrna on polysomes. | the major immediate-early (ie) region of human cytomegalovirus encodes two ie proteins, ie1 72 and ie2 86, that are translated from alternatively spliced transcripts that differ in their 3' ends. two other proteins that correspond to the c-terminal region of ie2 86, ie2 60 and ie2 40, are expressed at late times. in this study, we used ie2 mutant viruses to examine the mechanism by which ie2 86, ie2 60, and ie2 40 affect the expression of a viral dna replication factor, ul84. deletion of amino a ... | 2008 | 18787008 |
| clonotype analysis of cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) control the replication of human cytomegalovirus (cmv). previous studies assessed the clonotypic composition of ctl specific for individual immunodominant peptides within a certain hla context. such an approach has inherent limitations and may not assess the true clonal ctl response in vivo. here, the clonotypic composition of cmv-specific ctl was determined in hla-a2, cmv-seropositive kidney transplant recipients and healthy blood donors after stimulation of periph ... | 2009 | 18799721 |
| detection of human cytomegalovirus in dental plaque from individual periodontal sites by real-time polymerase chain reaction. | the aim was to evaluate three primer-probe sets and real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in dental plaque from individual periodontal sites. | 2008 | 18805716 |
| induction of pluripotent protective immunity following immunisation with a chimeric vaccine against human cytomegalovirus. | based on the life-time cost to the health care system, the institute of medicine has assigned the highest priority for a vaccine to control human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) disease in transplant patients and new born babies. in spite of numerous attempts successful licensure of a hcmv vaccine formulation remains elusive. here we have developed a novel chimeric vaccine strategy based on a replication-deficient adenovirus which encodes the extracellular domain of gb protein and multiple hla class i & ... | 2008 | 18806877 |
| comparison of antigenemia assay and semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction test for monitoring active cytomegalovirus infection in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. | we sought to compare the antigenemia assay and in-house semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction to monitor human cytomegalovirus infection after transplant in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. | 2008 | 18816243 |
| clinical correlations of human cytomegalovirus strains and viral load in kidney transplant recipients. | little is known about clinical differences associated with cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection by distinct strains in renal transplant patients. different clinical pictures may be associated with specific viral genotypes, viral load, as well as host factors. the objective of this study was to identify cmv strains to determine viral load (antigenemia), and their correlation with clinical data in renal transplant recipients. seventy-one patients were enrolled, comprising 91 samples. after selection, p ... | 2009 | 18824137 |
| enhanced oncolytic potency of vesicular stomatitis virus through vector-mediated inhibition of nk and nkt cells. | recombinant oncolytic viruses represent a promising alternative option for the treatment of malignant cancers. we have reported earlier the safety and efficacy of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) vectors in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). however, the full potential of vsv therapy is limited by a sudden decline in intratumoral virus replication observed early after viral administration, a phenomenon that coincides with an accumulation of inflammatory cells within infec ... | 2009 | 18846115 |
| occupational risk of human cytomegalovirus and parvovirus b19 infection in female day care personnel in the netherlands; a study based on seroprevalence. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) and parvovirus b19 infections acquired during pregnancy may result in developmental disabilities of the foetus. this study evaluates the occupational risk of these infections in female day care personnel. igg seroprevalence was determined in 310 dutch day care workers and 158 nursing school students. cmv seroprevalence was age-related, starting at 21% in those <20 years and reaching 65% in those >35 years. between the ages of 20 and 24 years the cmv prevalence was higher in ... | 2009 | 18850120 |
| human cytomegalovirus impairs the function of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in lymphoid organs. | human dendritic cells (dcs) are the main antigen presenting cells (apc) and can be divided into two main populations, myeloid and plasmacytoid dcs (pdcs), the latter being the main producers of type i interferon. the vast majority of pdcs can be found in lymphoid organs, where the main pool of all immune cells is located, but a minority of pdcs also circulate in peripheral blood. human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) employs multiple mechanisms to evade the immune system. in this study, we could show tha ... | 2008 | 18941519 |
| next generation tools for high-throughput promoter and expression analysis employing single-copy knock-ins at the hprt1 locus. | we have engineered a set of useful tools that facilitate targeted single copy knock-in (ki) at the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase 1 (hprt1) locus. we employed fine scale mapping to delineate the precise breakpoint location at the hprt1(b-m3) locus allowing allele specific pcr assays to be established. our suite of tools contains four targeting expression vectors and a complementing series of embryonic stem cell lines. two of these vectors encode enhanced green fluorescent protei ... | 2009 | 18950699 |
| analysis of the human cytomegalovirus pp65-directed t-cell response in healthy hla-a2-positive individuals. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is contained by t-lymphocyte responses focused towards the major tegument protein pp65. to systematically identify t-cell epitopes, we applied the following strategy: 441 overlapping 15mer peptides spanning the entire hcmv pp65 antigen in 1-aa steps were screened in enzyme-linked immunospot (elispot) assays for interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from nine healthy hcmv-seropositive subjects expressing human leukocyte a ... | 2008 | 18953722 |
| the magnitude of interferon-gamma responses to human cytomegalovirus is predictive for hiv-1 disease progression. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection has been strongly associated to hiv-1 progression. we have investigated whether the magnitude of the overall peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses to hcmv stimulation correlated with hiv-1 progression. | 2008 | 18989229 |
| rapid determination of antiviral drug susceptibility of human cytomegalovirus by real-time pcr. | a quantitative real-time pcr-based assay was developed for determination of cytomegalovirus (hcmv) susceptibility to antiviral drugs. after hcmv isolate-growth for 4 days, antiviral drug susceptibility was determined by measuring the reduction of intracellular hcmv dna in the presence of increasing concentrations of either ganciclovir, or foscarnet or cidofovir. the 50% inhibitory concentration (ic(50)) was the drug concentration that reduced the number of hcmv genome copies by 50%. the ic(50) v ... | 2009 | 18992772 |
| genetic vaccines for anthrax based on recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors. | bacillus anthracis represents a formidable bioterrorism and biowarfare threat for which new vaccines are needed with improved safety and efficacy over current options. toward this end, we created recombinant adeno-associated virus type 1 (raav1) vectors containing synthetic genes derived from the protective antigen (pa) or lethal factor (lf) of anthrax lethal toxin (letx) and tested them for immunogenicity and induction of toxin-neutralizing antibodies in rabbits. codon-optimized segments encodi ... | 2009 | 19002162 |
| improvement of a method to reproducibly immortalize human t cells by oncogene transfection. | the method to immortalize human t cells efficiently and reproduciblyby oncogene transfection was improved. t cells were first grown selectively from peripheralblood lymphocytes population of healthy donors andatopic asthma patients, and from lymph nodelymphocytes population of lung cancer patients byactivating with mitogens (phytohemagglutinin andconcanavalin a) and recombinant human interleukin-2(rhil-2) for five days. plasmids expressingoncogenes, such as c-ha-ras, c-myc,c-fos, v-myb and v-jun ... | 2000 | 19002813 |
| new adenovirus vectors for protein production and gene transfer. | based on two new adenovirus expression cassettes, we have constructed a series of ad transfer vectors for the overexpression of one or two genes either in a dicistronic configuration or with separate expression cassettes. inclusion of the green or blue fluorescent protein in the vectors accelerates the generation of adenovirus recombinants and facilitates the functional characterization of genes both in vitro and in vivo by allowing easy quantification of gene transfer and expression. with our o ... | 1998 | 19003407 |
| high-level expression of glycoprotein d by a dominant-negative hsv-1 virus augments its efficacy as a vaccine against hsv-1 infection. | using the t-rex (invitrogen, carlsbad, ca) gene switch technology, we previously generated a dominant-negative herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1 recombinant, cj83193, capable of inhibiting its own replication as well as that of wild-type hsv-1 and hsv-2. it has been further demonstrated that cj83193 is an effective vaccine against hsv-1 infection in a mouse ocular model. to ensure its safety and augment its efficacy, we generated an improved cj83193-like hsv-1 recombinant, cj9-gd, which contains a de ... | 2009 | 19005489 |
| generation of potent neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies against cytomegalovirus infection from immune b cells. | human monoclonal antibodies (mabs) generated as a result of the immune response are likely to be the most effective therapeutic antibodies, particularly in the case of infectious diseases against which the immune response is protective.human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is an ubiquitous opportunistic virus that is the most serious pathogenic agent in transplant patients. the available therapeutic armamentarium (e.g. hcmv hyperimmune globulins or antivirals) is associated with severe side effects and t ... | 2008 | 19014469 |
| viruses as co-factors for the initiation or exacerbation of lung fibrosis. | idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (ipf) remains exactly that. the disease originates from an unknown cause, and little is known about the mechanisms of pathogenesis. while the disease is likely multi-factorial, evidence is accumulating to implicate viruses as co-factors (either as initiating or exacerbating agents) of fibrotic lung disease. this review summarizes the available clinical and experimental observations that form the basis for the hypothesis that viral infections may augment fibrotic res ... | 2008 | 19014649 |
| hexamethylene bisacetamide can convert nonpermissive human cells to a permissive state for expressing the major immediate-early genes of human cytomegalovirus by up-regulating nf-kappab activity. | expression of the major immediate-early (mie) genes of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in the human thyroid papillary carcinoma cell line tpc-1 is repressed at the transcriptional level. however, treatment of these cells with hexamethylene bisacetamide (hmba), a chemical inducer of differentiation, for 12 to 24 h before infection enabled the cells to support ie1 and ie2 gene expression and consequently hcmv replication. in hmba-treated cells the transcription factor nf-kappab was induced and the mi ... | 2009 | 19027925 |
| quantitative detection of epstein-barr virus in bronchoalveolar lavage from transplant and nontransplant patients. | the lower respiratory tract is a latency site of epstein-barr virus (ebv); however, its pathogenic role is poorly known, particularly in transplant patients. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and role of ebv in bronchoalveolar lavages (bal) from transplant recipients (tr) in comparison with nontransplant (nt) patients. | 2008 | 19034008 |
| dynamic of migration of hsv-1 from a medullary pronociceptive centre: antinociception by overexpression of the preproenkephalin transgene. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) vectors are known to inhibit nociceptive transmission at the spinal cord after peripheral applications. similar approaches may also be useful when applied at the supraspinal pain control system as the system includes pronociceptive (facilitatory) components. we performed a study aimed to analyse the migration of hsv-1 along with the inhibition of pronociception from the medullary dorsal reticular nucleus (drt), a major facilitatory component of the supraspinal ... | 2008 | 19046388 |
| pbt, a novel vector for tetracycline-regulated yeast three-hybrid assay. | a novel yeast three-hybrid (y3h) vector pbt was developed, which contains a tetracycline (tet)-sensitive transactivator (tta) expression unit and a tet-responsive element (tre)-driven 3rd protein expression unit within a single plasmid. to optimize tta expression levels, several promoters for driving tta expression were tested, and the weakest human cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter showed the best induction/background ratio. culturing yeast cells in different doses of doxycycline (dox) resulted in ... | 2009 | 19050013 |
| detection of herpesviruses and periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque of patients with chronic periodontitis, generalized aggressive periodontitis, or gingivitis. | herpesviruses may be related to the etiology of aggressive periodontitis (agp) and chronic periodontitis (cp) by triggering periodontal destruction or by increasing the risk for bacterial infection. this case-control study evaluated the presence of herpes simplex virus type i (hsv-1), epstein-barr virus type i (ebv-1), human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), porphyromonas gingivalis, prevotella intermedia, and tannere ... | 2008 | 19053922 |
| efficient replication of rhesus cytomegalovirus variants in multiple rhesus and human cell types. | rhesus cytomegalovirus infection of rhesus macaques has emerged as a model for human cytomegalovirus pathogenesis. the ul128-ul131 locus of the human virus is a primary determinant for viral entry into epithelial cells, an important cell type during cytomegalovirus infection. rhesus cytomegalovirus strain 68-1 spreads slowly when grown in cultured rhesus epithelial cells, and it does not code for orfs corresponding to ul128 and the second exon of ul130. we repaired the ul128-ul131 locus of strai ... | 2008 | 19064925 |
| [association of post transplantation diabetes mellitus to active human cytomegalovirus infection and preoperative hepatitis b virus infection: analysis of 75 cases]. | to investigate the relationship of post transplantation diabetes mellitus (ptdm) to active human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection and to preoperative hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection respectively. | 2008 | 19080434 |
| [polymorphism analysis of human cytomegalovirus ul150 gene in low passage clinical isolates]. | to investigate the polymorphism of human cytomegalovirus ul150 gene in low passage clinical isolates and try to study the relationship between the polymorphism and different pathogenesis of congenital hcmv infection. | 2008 | 19105344 |
| hcmv il-10 suppresses cytokine expression in monocytes through inhibition of nuclear factor-kappab. | modulation of host immune responses is a common strategy for promoting virus persistence and avoiding clearance. human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is known to encode numerous immunomodulatory genes, including a homolog of the cytokine human interleukin-10 (hil-10). while having limited sequence homology to hil-10, cytomegalovirus il-10 (cmvil-10) shares many functional characteristics with the human cytokine and acts as a potent suppressor of the inflammatory immune response. the mechanism by which h ... | 2008 | 19115937 |
| new cell-based indicator assays for the detection of human cytomegalovirus infection and screening of inhibitors of viral immediate-early 2 protein activity. | expression of early (e) genes of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is stimulated cooperatively by the activities of host cell transcription factors and the viral immediate-early 2 (ie2) protein. taking advantage of the ie2-dependent inducibility of e gene promoters, in this study, we generated cell-based assays in which the expression of the enhanced green fluorescence protein (egfp) reporter gene was driven by the ul54 or ul112/113 e promoters. | 2008 | 19120629 |
| conserved retinoblastoma protein-binding motif in human cytomegalovirus ul97 kinase minimally impacts viral replication but affects susceptibility to maribavir. | the ul97 kinase has been shown to phosphorylate and inactivate the retinoblastoma protein (rb) and has three consensus rb-binding motifs that might contribute to this activity. recombinant viruses containing mutations in the rb-binding motifs generally replicated well in human foreskin fibroblasts with only a slight delay in replication kinetics. their susceptibility to the specific ul97 kinase inhibitor, maribavir, was also examined. mutation of the amino terminal motif, which is involved in th ... | 2009 | 19159461 |
| identification of trim23 as a cofactor involved in the regulation of nf-kappab by human cytomegalovirus. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) regulates nf-kappab during infection by a variety of mechanisms. for example, the hcmv gene product, ul144, is known to activate nf-kappab in a tumor necrosis factor receptor (tnfr)-associated factor 6 (traf6)-dependent manner, causing the upregulation of the chemokine ccl22 (mdc). viral ul144 is expressed from the ul/b' region of the hcmv genome at early times postinfection and is a tnfr1-like homologue. despite this homology to the tnfr1 receptor superfamily, ul144 ... | 2009 | 19176615 |
| cyclin-dependent kinases phosphorylate the cytomegalovirus rna export protein pul69 and modulate its nuclear localization and activity. | replication of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is subject to regulation by cellular protein kinases. recently, we and others reported that inhibition of cyclin-dependent protein kinases (cdks) or the viral cdk ortholog pul97 can induce intranuclear speckled aggregation of the viral mrna export factor, pul69. here we provide the first evidence for a direct regulatory role of cdks on pul69 functionality. although replication of all hcmv strains was dependent on cdk activity, we found strain-specific ... | 2009 | 19179338 |
| [infections in immunosuppressed patients]. | molecular biology techniques represent a major advance in the microbiologic diagnosis of infectious diseases, since these methods are able to detect etiological microorganisms with high sensitivity. moreover, these procedures can also establish prognostic and therapeutic efficacy markers with a sufficiently short turnaround time for the results to have a real impact on the clinical management of immunosuppressed patients. however, these techniques still have substantial limitations that should b ... | 2008 | 19195448 |
| proteasome inhibitor differentially regulates expression of the major immediate early genes of human cytomegalovirus in human central nervous system-derived cell lines. | proteasome inhibitor, which inhibits nf-kappab activation, has been reported to activate c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk)-c-jun pathway. in this study, we investigated the effects of proteasome inhibitor on the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) major immediate early (mie) gene expression in human central nervous system (cns)-derived cell lines. treatment of hcmv-infected 118mgc glioma and u373-mg astrocytoma cells with three proteasome inhibitors, mg132, clasto-lactacystin beta-lactone, and epoxomicin, ... | 2009 | 19201384 |
| cytomegaloviral protein kinase pul97 interacts with the nuclear mrna export factor pul69 to modulate its intranuclear localization and activity. | human cytomegalovirus encodes a number of phosphorylation-regulated proteins, including the autophosphorylating protein kinase pul97 and the nuclear mrna export factor pul69. recently, it was reported that the kinase inhibitor roscovitine induces an intranuclear aggregation of pul69 in infected fibroblasts. here, we demonstrate that pul97-specific kinase inhibitors induce a similar pul69 aggregation. furthermore, a direct pul69-pul97 interaction was demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation analyses ... | 2009 | 19218201 |
| cytomegaloviral proteins that associate with the nuclear lamina: components of a postulated nuclear egress complex. | the nuclear egress of cytomegaloviral capsids traversing the nuclear envelope is dependent on a locally restricted destabilization of the rigid nuclear lamina. it has been suggested that the multi-component nuclear egress complex (nec) that is formed is comprised of both viral and cellular proteins which act to recruit lamin-phosphorylating protein kinases. recently, we reported that the lamina-associated human cytomegalovirus-encoded proteins pul50 and pul53, conserved among herpesviruses, inte ... | 2009 | 19218202 |
| 4-benzyloxy-gamma-sultone derivatives: discovery of a novel family of non-nucleoside inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus and varicella zoster virus. | we report the synthesis and antiviral activity of a new family of non-nucleoside antivirals, derived from the 4-keto-1,2-oxathiole-2,2-dioxide (beta-keto-gamma-sultone) heterocyclic system. several 4- and 5-substituted-5h-1,2-oxathiole-2,2-dioxide derivatives were found to have a selective inhibitory activity against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and varicella zoster virus (vzv) replication in vitro, being inactive against a variety of other dna and rna viruses. a structure-activity relationship ... | 2009 | 19226140 |
| neuroprotective effect of herpes simplex virus-mediated gene transfer of erythropoietin in hyperglycemic dorsal root ganglion neurons. | we examined the efficacy of herpes simplex virus vector-mediated gene transfer of erythropoietin in preventing neuropathy in mouse model of streptozotocin-diabetes. a replication-incompetent herpes simplex virus vector with erythropoietin under the control of the human cytomegalovirus promoter (vector dhepo) was constructed. dhepo expressed and released erythropoietin from primary dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro, and following subcutaneous inoculation in the foot, expressed erythropoietin ... | 2009 | 19244253 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of human cytomegalovirus infection in the eastern chinese population. | epidemiology and clinical outcomes of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection are known to vary between countries and are associated with socio-economic background. so far, few data are available from developing countries, where the overall burden of infectious diseases is frequently higher. therefore, we analyzed the seroprevalence in a population of 3,740 individuals selected randomly from eastern china, aiming to determine the seroprevalence of and risk factors for hcmv infection. the overall ... | 2009 | 19263193 |
| human cytomegalovirus us9 protein contains an n-terminal signal sequence and a c-terminal mitochondrial localization domain, and does not alter cellular sensitivity to apoptosis. | the human cytomegalovirus (cmv) us2-us11 genomic region contains a cluster of genes whose products interfere with antigen presentation by the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) proteins. although included in this cluster, the us9 gene encodes a glycoprotein that does not affect mhc activity and whose function is still largely uncharacterized. an in silico analysis of the us9 amino-acid sequence uncovered the presence of an n-terminal signal sequence (ss) and a c-terminal transmembrane domain ... | 2009 | 19264602 |
| human cytomegalovirus infection downregulates the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in human glioblastoma u373mg cells: identification of viral genes and protein domains involved. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) has tropism for glial cells, among many other cell types. it was reported previously that the stable expression of hcmv immediate-early protein 1 (ie1) could dramatically reduce the rna level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap), an astroglial cell-specific intermediate filament protein, which is progressively lost with an increase in glioma malignancy. to understand this phenomenon in the context of virus infection, a human glioblastoma cell line, u373mg, was i ... | 2009 | 19264642 |
| brefeldin a inhibits expression of dna packaging proteins and nucleocapsid formation of human cytomegalovirus. | in this study we used the fungal antibiotic brefeldin a (bfa) to analyze its effect on viral replication. analysis by electron microscopy demonstrated that no viral particles were observed in cells treated before the onset of viral replication. in the presence of bfa expression of ie2, mcp, pul104, pul56 and pul89 were reduced, while no or slight effect was observed on expression of pp65, pul44 and pul57. strikingly, real time pcr revealed that de novo viral dna synthesis is reduced but not comp ... | 2009 | 19285980 |
| identification of multiple sites suitable for insertion of foreign genes in herpes simplex virus genomes. | information on sites in hsv genomes at which foreign gene(s) can be inserted without disrupting viral genes or affecting properties of the parental virus are important for basic research on hsv and development of hsv-based vectors for human therapy. the intergenic region between hsv-1 ul3 and ul4 genes has been reported to satisfy the requirements for such an insertion site. the ul3 and ul4 genes are oriented toward the intergenic region and, therefore, insertion of a foreign gene(s) into the re ... | 2009 | 19302526 |
| activation of telomerase in glioma cells by human cytomegalovirus: another piece of the puzzle. | | 2009 | 19318630 |
| fatal ongoing human cytomegalovirus reactivation during high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) reactivation can cause a wide range of complications in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, ranging from pneumonia to graft failure. although reactivations are usually seen in the early post-transplant period, ongoing and untreated hcmv reactivation at the time of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell support is an exceedingly rare circumstance whose consequences remain largely unknown. this case report describes a patient who underwent high-dose ... | 2009 | 19319946 |
| inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) expression by human cytomegalovirus correlates with an increase in the expression and binding of wilms' tumour 1 protein to the egfr promoter. | infection with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) modulates the expression of a number of cellular receptors and is known to inhibit expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr), a cell surface receptor that can promote cell proliferation through a cascade of intracellular signalling events. we have examined the mechanisms by which hcmv mediates downregulation of egfr expression and show that virus infection results in the profound upregulation of wilms' tumour 1 (wt1) protein, a transcri ... | 2009 | 19321755 |
| gene-specific transcriptional activation mediated by the p150 subunit of the chromatin assembly factor 1. | chromatin assembly factor 1 contains three subunits, p150, p60, and p48. it is essential for coupling nucleosome assembly to newly synthesized dna. whether chromatin assembly factor 1 subunits have functions beyond escorting histones, which depends on the complex formation of p150 and p60, has been an issue of great interest. this study reveals a novel role of p150, but not p60, in gene-specific transcriptional activation. we found that p150 transcriptionally activated an essential viral promote ... | 2009 | 19324875 |
| enhanced delivery and expression of a nanoencapsulated dna vaccine vector for respiratory syncytial virus. | this study evaluated the efficiency of chitosan-encapsulated dna-based respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine. antigenic regions of rsv f, m2, and g genes were cloned into the human cytomegalovirus promoter-based constitutive expression vector, resulting in a dna vaccine vector named dr-fm2g. this vector was used to formulate dna-chitosan nanoparticles (dcnps) using a complex coacervation process that yielded an encapsulation efficiency of 94.7%. the dcnp sizes ranged from 80 to 150 nm with u ... | 2009 | 19341819 |
| human cytomegalovirus targets different subsets of antigen-presenting cells with pathological consequences for host immunity: implications for immunosuppression, chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with an impaired immune system. the virus itself can cause transitory but significant immunosuppression in immunocompetent as well as immunocompromised infected individuals. besides immunosuppression, hcmv-infected patients often develop other signs of immune dysfunction, such as autoimmune phenomena. signs of active viral infection have also been identified in inflammatory lesions in a number of autoi ... | 2009 | 19367559 |
| towards a novel vaccine against human cytomegalovirus based on a chimeric ad5f35 adenovirus vector expressing the immunodominant antigenic domain 1 epitope. | antibodies induced from glycoprotein b (gb) by antigenic domain (ad)-1 demonstrate broad neutralizing activity across different human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) types. this study aimed to prepare a novel hcmv vaccine using the modified adenoviral vector ad5f35 to direct the expression of the conserved hcmv epitope ad-1 and to determine its transfer and expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). | 2009 | 19372702 |
| use of a gfp-pml-expressing cell line as a biosensor for human cytomegalovirus infection. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection has a marked effect on promyelocytic leukemia (pml) bodies. here, we describe a novel real-time monitoring system for hcmv-infected cells in vitro using a newly established cell line that stably expresses gfp-pml protein. upon infection, hcmv causes specific dispersion of gfp-pml bodies, thereby allowing the infected cells to be monitored by fluorescence microscopy without immunostaining. quantitative protocols using either an npb fluorescence assay or a gf ... | 2009 | 19378119 |
| all for one and one for all: herpesviral micrornas close in on their prey. | herpesviruses subvert immune cell activation by inhibiting nk cell receptor (nkg2d)-activating ligands such as micb. a human cytomegalovirus microrna was recently shown to repress micb expression. nachmani et al. (2009) extend this finding to two other human herpesviruses, providing evidence for a conserved functional role of viral micrornas despite no sequence conservation among them. | 2009 | 19380110 |
| diverse herpesvirus micrornas target the stress-induced immune ligand micb to escape recognition by natural killer cells. | herpesviruses are known for their persistent lifelong latent infection, which is made possible by their vast repertoire of immune-evasion strategies. we have previously shown that a human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) microrna represses expression of the stress-induced natural killer (nk) cell ligand, micb, to escape recognition and consequent elimination by nk cells. here, we show functional conservation among diverse micrornas derived from different herpesviruses, including hcmv, kaposi's sarcoma-ass ... | 2009 | 19380116 |
| epidemiology of human cytomegalovirus strains through comparison of methodological approaches to explore gn variants. | genomic variation among human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) wild-type strains is a well-documented phenomenon probably implicated in hcmv-induced immunopathogenesis. extensive genetic polymorphism has been detected for the envelope glycoprotein n (gn) and hcmv clinical isolates have been clustered into seven distinct gn variants (gn-1, gn-2, gn-3a, gn-3b, gn-4a, gn-4b, gn-4c). several studies from different research groups worldwide have addressed this topic using different methodological approaches (p ... | 2009 | 19382663 |
| an assessment of donor-to-recipient transmission patterns of human cytomegalovirus by analysis of viral genomic variants. | we studied human cytomegalovirus (cmv) donor-to-recipient transmission patterns in organ transplantation by analyzing genomic variants on the basis of cmv glycoprotein b (gb) genotyping. | 2009 | 19385736 |
| posttranscriptional regulatory elements enhance antigen expression and dna vaccine efficacy. | in higher eukaryotes, introns are usually required for efficient pre-mrna processing. however, some viruses have alternative approaches involving posttranscriptional regulatory elements (pres) to enhance intronless heterologous gene expression through enabling stability and 3' end formation, and to facilitate the nucleocytoplasmic export of unspliced mrnas. in the current study, we compared the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) immediate/early (ie) introna, as well as virus-derived pres-the pre of he ... | 2009 | 19388846 |
| onset of human cytomegalovirus replication in fibroblasts requires the presence of an intact vimentin cytoskeleton. | like all viruses, herpesviruses extensively interact with the host cytoskeleton during entry. while microtubules and microfilaments appear to facilitate viral capsid transport toward the nucleus, evidence for a role of intermediate filaments in herpesvirus entry is lacking. here, we examined the function of vimentin intermediate filaments in fibroblasts during the initial phase of infection of two genotypically distinct strains of human cytomegalovirus (cmv), one with narrow (ad169) and one with ... | 2009 | 19403668 |
| generalized wegener's granulomatosis in an immunocompetent adult after cytomegalovirus mononucleosis and bacterial urinary tract infection. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is frequently detected in autoimmune diseases, but its role in such disorders is poorly understood. herein we describe the case of a young woman who developed generalized wegener's granulomatosis (wg) after hcmv mononucleosis and urinary tract infection. during mononucleosis, the patient had extraordinarily high plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-5 and lymphotoxin alpha, autoantibodies, and a higher blood level of viral dna than were found ... | 2009 | 19404959 |
| monitoring of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b genotypes using real-time quantitative pcr in immunocompromised chinese patients. | based on sequence variation in the n-terminus of glycoprotein b (gb), human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) can be classified into four gbn genotypes, and these genotypes are associated with different clinical outcomes. the distribution of gbn genotypes and the level of gbn dna load were examined in immunocompromised chinese patients using real-time quantitative pcr. in addition, the pcr and pp65 antigenemia results were compared. in 1480 specimens, 81.4% were antigen-positive, 12.6% were pcr-positive. t ... | 2009 | 19406161 |
| alkoxyalkyl prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates enhance oral antiviral activity and reduce toxicity: current state of the art. | although the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates cidofovir, adefovir and tenofovir are approved for treating human cytomegalovirus, hepatitis b and hiv infections, respectively, their utility is limited by low oral bioavailability, renal toxicity and poor cell penetration. research over the past decade has shown that these undesirable features can be eliminated by esterifying the compounds with an alkoxyalkyl group, in effect disguising them as lysophospholipids. in this modified form, the drugs are ... | 2009 | 19425198 |
| [human cytomegalovirus-encoded us28 stimulates the creb related transcriptional activity]. | to observe the effect of the human cytomegalovirus(hcmv)-encoded chemokine receptor homolog us28 on the human transcription factor creb related transcriptional activity. | 2009 | 19426590 |
| anti-inflammatory cembranolides from the soft coral lobophytum durum. | chemical investigation of the soft coral lobophytum durum resulted in the isolation of seven new cembranolides, durumolides f-l (1-7), as well as one previously characterized cembranolides, sinularolide d (8). the molecular structures of these isolated metabolites were determined mainly through nmr techniques and hresims analysis. moreover, the absolute configurations of 1 and 5 were established by application of modified mosher's method. the antibacterial activities, anti-inflammatory effects, ... | 2009 | 19433363 |
| function of human cytomegalovirus ul97 kinase in viral infection and its inhibition by maribavir. | the serine/threonine kinase expressed by human cytomegalovirus from gene ul97 phosphorylates the antiviral drug ganciclovir, but its biological function is the phosphorylation of its natural viral and cellular protein substrates which affect viral replication at many levels. the ul97 kinase null phenotype is therefore complex, as is the mechanism of action of maribavir, a highly specific inhibitor of its enzymatic activity. studies that utilise the drug corroborate results from genetic approache ... | 2009 | 19434630 |
| dependence of the localization and function of the human cytomegalovirus protein us6 on the transporter associated with antigen processing. | human cytomegalovirus protein us6 inhibits the transporter associated with antigen processing (tap), which transports peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum (er) for binding to major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules. we demonstrate that, in tap-deficient cells, us6 is retained in the er and binds to calnexin, but does not inhibit cell-surface expression of hla-a201, an mhc class i allele that binds to peptides whose import into the er is tap-independent. furthermore, in tap-po ... | 2009 | 19439551 |
| [cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy]. | primary and recurrent infections of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) can occur during pregnancy. both can result congenital infection, the leading infectious cause of mental retardation, sensorineural deafness and visual impairment. intrauterine transmission of hcmv and adverse outcome are mainly related to primary maternal infection. however, there is an increasing evidence that incidence of symptomatic infections in infants born to immune mothers is higher than previously thought. therefore the op ... | 2009 | 19443304 |
| lytic infection of permissive cells with human cytomegalovirus is regulated by an intrinsic 'pre-immediate-early' repression of viral gene expression mediated by histone post-translational modification. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) lytic gene expression occurs in a regulated cascade, initiated by expression of the viral major immediate-early (ie) proteins. transcribed from the major ie promoter (miep), the major ie genes regulate viral early and late gene expression. this study found that a substantial proportion of infecting viral genomes became associated with histones immediately upon infection of permissive fibroblasts at low m.o.i. and these histones bore markers of repressed chromatin. as ... | 2009 | 19515830 |
| generation of monoclonal antibodies against human recombinant interferon beta using genetic immunization with simultaneous expression of igm and igg isotypes. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against human recombinant interferon beta (hrifnbeta) were generated by genetic immunization (gi). in order to test two viral promoters frequently used in mammalian expression plasmid vectors, mice were inoculated four times by intramuscular injection, without adjuvant, with 100 microg of either pcdna 3.1hrifnbeta or pzeosv2ifnbeta containing the entire human interferon beta gene and under the control of, respectively, human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) immediate-early pro ... | 2009 | 19519248 |
| structural bases for the affinity-driven selection of a public tcr against a dominant human cytomegalovirus epitope. | protective t cell responses elicited along chronic human cmv (hcmv) infections are sometimes dominated by cd8 t cell clones bearing highly related or identical public tcr in unrelated individuals. to understand the principles that guide emergence of these public t cell responses, we have performed structural, biophysical, and functional analyses of an immunodominant public tcr (ra14) directed against a major hla-a*0201-restricted hcmv ag (pp65(495-503)) and selected in vivo from a diverse repert ... | 2009 | 19542454 |
| human cmv infection of porcine endothelial cells increases adhesion receptor expression and human leukocyte recruitment. | potential xenozoonosis is a concern for the clinical application of xenotransplantation. human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is one of the most important pathogens in allotransplantation, but the consequences of hcmv cross-species infection of porcine xenografts are unknown. therefore, we investigated the effects of hcmv infection of porcine endothelial cells (pec) on cell surface molecule expression and human leukocyte recruitment. | 2009 | 19543055 |
| novel cytomegaloviruses in free-ranging and captive great apes: phylogenetic evidence for bidirectional horizontal transmission. | wild great apes often suffer from diseases of unknown aetiology. this is among the causes of population declines. because human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is an important pathogen, especially in immunocompromised individuals, a search for cytomegaloviruses (cmvs) in deceased wild and captive chimpanzees, gorillas and orang-utans was performed. by using a degenerate pcr targeting four conserved genes (ul54-ul57), several distinct, previously unrecognized cmvs were found for each species. sequences of ... | 2009 | 19553394 |
| significance of n-terminal proteolysis of ccl14a to activity on the chemokine receptors ccr1 and ccr5 and the human cytomegalovirus-encoded chemokine receptor us28. | the cc chemokine ccl14a is constitutively expressed in a large variety of tissues and its inactive proform ccl14a(1-74) circulates in high concentrations in plasma. ccl14a(1-74) is converted into ccl14a(9-74) by the proteases urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasmin and is a highly active agonist for the chemokine receptors ccr1 and ccr5. in this study, a new ccl14a analog, ccl14a(12-74), was isolated from blood filtrate. to elucidate the functional role of the n terminus, a panel of n-t ... | 2009 | 19553544 |
| [human cytomegalovirus infection in pediatric patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. | | 2009 | 19555577 |
| enhanced monocyte fc phagocytosis by a homologue of interleukin-10 encoded by human cytomegalovirus. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) expresses several homologues of human interleukin 10 (hil-10) possessing immunomodulatory properties which may promote viral infection by modulating the function of myeloid cells. we examined the phenotype and phagocytic capability of human monocytes exposed to hil-10, an hcmv-encoded hil-10 homologue expressed during the productive phase of infection (cmvil-10), and a differentially spliced form of cmvil-10 expressed during latent and productive phases of infection, ... | 2009 | 19564031 |
| [construction of a dual-promoter expression plasmid delivered by salmonella choleraesuis c500]. | salmonella choleraesuis c500 strain is an attenuated vaccine preventing piglet from paratyphoid and can also be used as a live vector of other dna vaccines. through mucosal immunization, immune response to specific antigens carried by it can be induced. to enhance the immune efficiency of dna vaccine it carried, promoter ptrc was inserted into the down stream of the human cytomegalovirus (cmv) immediate early promoter of eukaryotic expression plasmid pegfp-c1. then transcription terminator rrnbt ... | 2009 | 19621572 |
| human cytomegalovirus seroprevalence and risk of seroconversion in a fertility clinic population. | to retrospectively evaluate factors influencing human cytomegalovirus serologic status of couples consulting our fertility clinic. | 2009 | 19622989 |
| evaluation of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 in lung transplant patients with human cytomegalovirus infection. | we hypothesized that interleukin-6 (il-6) in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) might serve as additional diagnostic parameter in lung transplant patients with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection. therefore, we compared il-6 levels in hcmv-positive vs. hcmv-negative patients. il-6 was measured by elisa in plasma and bal in 111 patients. furthermore, we investigated the influence of il-10 on il-6 production in hcmv-positive patients. for hcmv-dna detection in plasma and bal a quantitative ... | 2009 | 19624695 |
| [human cytomegalovirus inhibits the differentiation of human hippocampus neural stem cells]. | the objective of present study is to investigate the effect of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection on human hippocampus neural stem cells nscs differentiation in vitro, fetal hippocampus tissue was dissociated mechanically and then cultured in proliferation medium with egf and bfgf. immunofluorescence method was used to detect the expression of nscs marker-nestin within these cells. cultured in 10% fbs, nscs began to differentiate. on the onset of the differentiation, hcmv ad169 (moi=5) was a ... | 2009 | 19634762 |
| enhanced sumoylation of proteins containing a sumo-interacting motif by sumo-ubc9 fusion. | identifying new targets for sumo and understanding the function of protein sumoylation are largely limited by low level of sumoylation. it was found recently that ubc9, the sumo e2 conjugating enzyme, is covalently modified by sumo at a lysine 14 in the n-terminal alpha helix, and that sumo-modified ubc9 has enhanced conjugation activity for certain target proteins containing a sumo-interacting motif (sim). here, we show that, compared to intact ubc9, the sumo-ubc9 fusion protein has higher conj ... | 2009 | 19635459 |
| survivin expression in odontogenic keratocysts and correlation with cytomegalovirus infection. | the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis, in odontogenic keratocysts and to compare it to the findings in non-neoplastic jaw cysts - periapical cysts, as well as to establish a possible relationship between survivin expression and human cytomegalovirus presence within these cysts. | 2010 | 19659890 |
| high cytomegalovirus load and prolonged virus excretion in breast milk increase risk for viral acquisition by very low birth weight infants. | breast milk is the main source of postnatal human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection. the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between hcmv load in breast milk and viral transmission to very low birth weight (vlbw) infants. | 2009 | 19687768 |
| human cytomegalovirus productively infects adrenocortical cells and induces an early cortisol response. | following our recent findings on the presence of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in the normal human adrenal cortex and in adrenocortical tumors, especially in cortisol-secreting tumors, aim of the present study was to investigate the direct effects of hcmv infection on human adrenocortical cells. to this aim, both clinical isolates and laboratory strains of hcmv were used to assess the early effects of infection on human adrenocortical cell morphology, proliferation, gene expression, and steroidog ... | 2009 | 19688782 |
| identification of hla-a*2402-restricted hcmv immediate early-1 (ie-1) epitopes as targets for cd8+ hcmv-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | to identify novel hla-a*2402-restricted human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) immediate early-1 (ie-1) epitopes for adoptive immunotherapy, we explored 120 overlapping 15-amino acid spanning ie-1. | 2009 | 19698161 |
| human cytomegalovirus in peripheral giant cell granuloma. | the peripheral giant cell granuloma is a relatively common non-neoplastic inflammatory lesion of gingiva, but the etiopathogeny remains unknown. this study aimed to evaluate the importance of human cytomegalovirus and epstein-barr virus in a peripheral giant cell granuloma of a 47-year-old female. | 2009 | 19702955 |
| single and multiple mutations in the human cytomegalovirus ul97 gene and their relationship to the enzymatic activity of ul97 kinase for ganciclovir phosphorylation. | in this study we determined that the double mutant m460v/d605e in the ul97 gene of an hcmv isolate from an immunocompromised patient (mmt isolate) is related to resistance to ganciclovir (gcv) therapy. our results suggest that the aspartic acid-to-glutamic acid substitution at codon 605 may be associated with a natural polymorphism of the ul97 gene, and not with positive selection pressure exerted by the antiviral drug. we also determined that gcv resistance due to the m460v mutation in the hcmv ... | 2009 | 19712701 |
| the trc8 e3 ligase ubiquitinates mhc class i molecules before dislocation from the er. | the us2 and us11 gene products of human cytomegalovirus promote viral evasion by hijacking the endoplasmic reticulum (er)-associated degradation (erad) pathway. us2 and us11 initiate dislocation of newly translocated major histocompatibility complex class i (mhc i) from the er to the cytosol for proteasome-mediated degradation, thereby decreasing cell surface mhc i. despite being instrumental in elucidating the mammalian erad pathway, the responsible e3 ligase or ligases remain unknown. using a ... | 2009 | 19720873 |
| real-time electrochemical monitoring of the polymerase chain reaction by mediated redox catalysis. | we described the proof-of-principle of a nonoptical real-time pcr that uses cyclic voltammetry for indirectly monitoring the amplified dna product generated in the pcr reaction solution after each pcr cycle. to enable indirect measurement of the amplicon produced throughout pcr, we monitor electrochemically the progressive consumption (i.e., the decrease of concentration) of free electroactive deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dntps) used for dna synthesis. this is accomplished by exploiting the fa ... | 2009 | 19722651 |