| a recombinant nucleocapsid protein-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies against porcine deltacoronavirus. | recently, porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) has been proven to be associated with enteric disease in piglets. diagnostic tools for serological surveys of pdcov remain in the developmental stage when compared with those for other porcine coronaviruses. in our study, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) (rpdcov-n-elisa) was developed to detect antibodies against pdcov using a histidine-tagged recombinant nucleocapsid (n) protein as an antigen. the rpdcov-n-elisa did not cross-react ... | 2016 | 26668175 |
| analysis of ttsuv1b antibody in porcine serum and its correlation with four antibodies against common viral infectious diseases. | the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between torque teno sus virus 1b (ttsuv1b) infection and other viral infections or vaccine immunization in conventional pigs. | 2015 | 26260234 |
| simultaneous detection of eight swine reproductive and respiratory pathogens using a novel gexp analyser-based multiplex pcr assay. | a new high-throughput genomelab gene expression profiler (gexp) analyser-based multiplex pcr assay was developed for the detection of eight reproductive and respiratory pathogens in swine. the reproductive and respiratory pathogens include north american porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv-na), classical swine fever virus (csfv), porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2), swine influenza virus (siv) (including h1 and h3 subtypes), porcine parvovirus (ppv), pseudorabies virus (prv) and ... | 2015 | 26259690 |
| recombinant encephalomyocarditis viruses elicit neutralizing antibodies against prrsv and csfv in mice. | encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) is capable of infecting a wide range of species and the infection can cause myocarditis and reproductive failure in pigs as well as febrile illness in human beings. in this study, we introduced the entire orf5 of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) or the neutralization epitope regions in the e2 gene of the classical swine fever virus (csfv), into the genome of a stably attenuated emcv strain, t1100i. the resultant viable recombinant ... | 2015 | 26076449 |
| fatal disease associated with swine hepatitis e virus and porcine circovirus 2 co-infection in four weaned pigs in china. | in recent decades, porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) infection has been recognized as the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, and has become a threat to the swine industry. hepatitis e virus (hev) is another high prevalent pathogen in swine in many regions of the world. pcv2 and hev are both highly prevalent in pig farms in china. | 2015 | 25889526 |
| establishment and application of a multiplex pcr for rapid and simultaneous detection of six viruses in swine. | a multiplex pcr assay was developed and evaluated subsequently for its effectiveness in simultaneously detecting mixed viral infections of swine. specific primers were designed and used for testing the six swine viruses: three dna viruses, including pseudorabies virus (prv), porcine parvovirus (ppv), and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2); three common rna viruses, including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), and japanese encephalitis v ... | 2014 | 25116201 |
| development of an evagreen-based multiplex real-time pcr assay with melting curve analysis for simultaneous detection and differentiation of six viral pathogens of porcine reproductive and respiratory disorder. | concurrent infection of pigs with two or more pathogens is common in pigs under intensive rearing conditions. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), japanese encephalitis virus (jev) and pseudorabies virus (prv) are all associated with reproductive or respiratory disorders or both and can cause significant economic losses in pig production worldwide. an evagreen-based multiplex r ... | 2014 | 25102430 |
| seroprevalence and associated risk factors of important pig viral diseases in bhutan. | a cross-sectional serological study was conducted in bhutan between october 2011 and february 2012 to determine the prevalence of antibodies to classical swine fever virus (csfv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), swine influenza virus (siv) subtype h1n1 and aujeszky's disease virus (adv). furthermore, risk factors for the seropositive status were investigated. antibodies to siv, subtype h1n1 (likely pandemic h1n1 2009) were detected i ... | 2014 | 25081946 |
| a sensitive multiplex real-time pcr panel for rapid diagnosis of viruses associated with porcine respiratory and reproductive disorders. | the objective of this study was to develop a multiplex real-time pcr panel using taqman probes for the detection and differentiation of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus north american type (prrsv-na), pseudorabies virus (prv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), porcine parvovirus type 1 (ppv1) and japanese encephalitis virus (jev). specific primer and probe combinations for pcv2, prrsv, prv, csfv, ppv1 and jev were selected within the conserv ... | 2014 | 25044282 |
| preclinical detection of porcine circovirus type 2 infection using an ultrasensitive nanoparticle dna probe-based pcr assay. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has emerged as one of the most important pathogens affecting swine production globally. preclinical identification of pcv2 is very important for effective prophylaxis of pcv2-associated diseases. in this study, we developed an ultrasensitive nanoparticle dna probe-based pcr assay (undp-pcr) for pcv2 detection. magnetic microparticles coated with pcv2 specific dna probes were used to enrich pcv2 dna from samples, then gold nanoparticles coated with pcv2 specific o ... | 2014 | 24842840 |
| development of colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of mycoplasma suis in porcine plasma. | a one-step immunochromatographic assay using gold nanoparticles coated with polyclonal antibody (pab) against mycoplasma suis (m. suis) was developed in this study for the detection of m. suis in porcine plasma. the colloidal gold was prepared by the reduction of gold salt with sodium citrate coupled with pab against m. suis. the pab was produced by immunizing the balb/c mice with recombinant msg1 (rmsg1) protein from m. suis expressed in escherichia coli. the optimal concentrations of the captu ... | 2014 | 24434494 |
| microbiological identification and analysis of swine lungs collected from carcasses in swine farms, china. | the primary objective of this 3 years study was to determine the prevalence of porcine pathogens of the lungs of swine in swine farms in southern china. a total of 5,420 samples were collected from 200 swine farms. the bacterium that was most commonly isolated was streptococcus suis, with 10.24 % of the samples being positive, 114 lungs (2.1 %) were positive for pseudorabies virus and 263 (4.85 %) were positive for classical swine fever virus; much lower than positive for prrsv (15.1 %, p = 0.02 ... | 2013 | 24426158 |
| a sensitive and specific nanoparticle-assisted pcr assay for rapid detection of porcine parvovirus. | a novel nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (nanopcr) assay to detect porcine parvovirus (ppv) is described here. primers for this assay were designed based on the conserved region of the nonstructural protein 1 (ns1) gene of ppv, which encodes one of the nonstructural proteins. the sensitivity of the ppv nanopcr assay was measured by using diluted recombinant plasmids in which the ppv ns1 gene had been inserted. the detection limit was 5.6 × 10(1) copies μl(-1) for the ppv nanopcr a ... | 2014 | 24117951 |
| a one-step rt-pcr assay to detect and discriminate porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in clinical specimens. | outbreaks of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) have led to large economic losses and, subsequently, have drawn great attention to its diagnosis and prevention. to facilitate rapid discrimination of hp-prrsv from classical prrsv (c-prrsv), we developed a one-step rt-pcr assay. primer specificities were evaluated with rna extracted from 8 viral strains and our results revealed that the primers had a high specificity for prrsv. the assay sensitivity wa ... | 2013 | 24035936 |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the detection of porcine hokovirus. | hokoviruses have recently been detected as pathogens belonging to the family parvoviridae, which comprises porcine hokovirus (phov) and bovine hokovirus (bhov). in this study, we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for the rapid, specific and sensitive detection of phov. a set of four primers specific for six regions within the phov vp1/2 genes was designed using online software. the reaction temperature and time were optimized at 65°c and 60 min, respectively. lamp p ... | 2013 | 23850717 |
| detection of foot-and-mouth disease serotype o by elisa using a monoclonal antibody. | an elisa assay with monoclonal antibody (melisa) was used to type serotype o of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). all fmdv serotype o reference strains were positive by melisa, while other viruses such as fmdv serotypes asia 1, c, and a and classical swine fever virus, swine vesicular disease virus, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus remained negative. furthermore, fmdv serotype o positive samples were able to be detected by melisa. this assay may be particularly suitable ... | 2013 | 23600506 |
| [study on using nsp2 protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hun4-f112) to express e2 neutralizing epitope of classical swine fever virus]. | establishment of recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) with co-expression e2 epitope of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is a crucial step to develop a genetic engineered vaccine against prrsv and csfv. reverse genetic manipulation could be adopted as a com monly used technique. in this study, we focus on using nonessential regions of nsp2 (aa480-532 and aa508-532) as viral vector to express e2 epitope of csfv. a neutralizing epitope of classical swine fever v ... | 2013 | 23547375 |
| multiplex pcr for the simultaneous detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, classical swine fever virus, and porcine circovirus in pigs. | a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was designed for the simultaneous detection of three viruses involved in reproductive and respiratory failure in pigs: porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), classical swine fever virus (csfv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2). each target produced a specific amplicon with a size of 718 bp (prrsv), 288 bp (csfv), or 466 bp (pcv-2). the sensitivity of the multiplex pcr using purified plasmid constructs containing the specific v ... | 2013 | 23524252 |
| detection of foot-and-mouth disease serotype o by elisa using a monoclonal antibody. | an elisa assay with monoclonal antibody (melisa) was used to type serotype o of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). all fmdv serotype o reference strains were positive by melisa, while other viruses such as fmdv serotypes asia 1, c, a and classical swine fever virus, swine vesicular disease virus, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus remained negative. further, fmdv serotype o positive samples were able to be detected by melisa. this assay may be particularly suitable for dia ... | 2012 | 23244327 |
| the survey of porcine teschoviruses in field samples in china with a universal rapid probe real-time rt-pcr assay. | a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) based on taqman was established and evaluated for quantitative detection of porcine teschoviruses (ptvs). a pair of primers and a taqman probe targeting on the highly conserved sequence of the 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr) of one to 11 serotypes of ptv were designed. standard plasmid dna containing pcr amplification of the 5'-utr were constructed and used to develop the real-time rt-pcr. the results indicated that the real-ti ... | 2013 | 23138413 |
| outbreaks of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in jiangxi province, china. | in 2007, herds of pigs in jiangxi province, china experienced outbreaks of a severe form of suspected porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) characterized by high fever, high morbidity and mortality in animals of different ages. 152 swine sera and 42 tissues (consisting of liver, lung, lymph node and kidney) from five herds of pigs were collected. pigs were diagnosed as infected with a highly pathogenic form of the prrs virus (prrsv) based on elisa and reverse transcriptase polymer ... | 2012 | 22784793 |
| development of multiplex pcr for simultaneous detection of six swine dna and rna viruses. | uniplex and multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and pcr protocols were developed and evaluated subsequently for its effectiveness in detecting simultaneously single and mixed infections in swine. specific primers for three dna viruses and three rna viruses, including classical swine fever virus (csfv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), japanese encephalitis virus (jev), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), porcine pseudorabies virus (prv) an ... | 2012 | 22575688 |
| prevalence of and risk factors associated with viral and bacterial pathogens in farmed european wild boar. | the aim of this study was to estimate in farmed european wild boars the prevalence of and risk factors associated with a range of common porcine viral and bacterial infections, namely, porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), swine influenza virus (siv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), swine vesicular disease virus (svdv), coronavirus causing transmissible gastroenteritis (tgev), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), m ... | 2012 | 22516920 |
| effects of astragalus polysaccharide on immune responses of porcine pbmc stimulated with prrsv or csfv. | astragalus polysaccharide (aps) has been used as an immunomodulator that can enhance immune responses, whereas the immunomodulatory effects of aps on porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) exposed to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and classical swine fever virus (csfv) have not been investigated. | 2012 | 22253710 |
| inhibition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by specific sirna targeting nsp9 gene. | to screen sirnas for effectively inhibiting the replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). four pairs of sirna targeting nsp9 gene of prrsv and one non-efficient pair used as control were designed, synthesized and cloned into psilencer4.1-cmv neo, designated as psi-294, psi-367, psi-409, psi-1488, psi-ctr. the recombinant plasmids were transfected into marc-145 cells and infected with prrsv 24h post transfection. subsequently, ifa, real-time pcr, tcid50 and weste ... | 2014 | 25149224 |
| enhanced immunogenicity induced by an alphavirus replicon-based pseudotyped baculovirus vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | pseudotyped baculovirus has emerged as a promising vector for vaccine development and gene therapy. alphaviruses, such as semliki forest virus (sfv), have also received considerable attention for use as expression vectors because of their self-replicating properties. in this study, pseudotyped baculovirus containing the hybrid cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter/sfv replicon was used as a vector to co-express the gp5 and m proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). the i ... | 2013 | 23201089 |
| [development of sybr green i real-time rt-pcr for the detection of ebola virus]. | in order to establish a rapid and accurate method for the detection of ebola virus (ebov), the primers used in sybr green i real-time rt-pcr were designed based on the ebov np gene sequences published in genbank. the sybr green i real-time rt-pcr was established and optimized for the detection of ebov. the ebov rna that was transcribed in vitro was used as a template. the sensitivity of this method was found to reach 1.0 x 10(2) copies/microl and the detection range was 10(2) - 10(10). no cross ... | 2012 | 23233935 |
| heme oxygenase-1 suppresses bovine viral diarrhoea virus replication in vitro. | viral cycle progression depends upon host-cell processes in infected cells, and this is true for bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), the causative agent of bvd that is a worldwide threat to the bovine industry. heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1) is a ubiquitously expressed inducible isoform of the first and rate-limiting enzyme for heme degradation. recent studies have demonstrated that ho-1 has significant antiviral properties, inhibiting the replication of viruses such as ebola virus, human immunodefici ... | 2015 | 26510767 |
| exploration of new sites in adenovirus hexon for foreign peptides insertion. | adenoviral vectors are now being explored as vaccine carriers to prevent infectious diseases in humans and animals. there are two strategies aimed at the expression of a vaccine antigen by adenoviral vectors. the first includes an insertion of the foreign gene expression cassette into the e1 region. the second strategy is antigen incorporation into the viral capsid proteins. to extend this methodology, we have searched for new sites at the human adenovirus serotype 5 major capsid protein hexon f ... | 2015 | 26069516 |
| single-chain anti-idiotypic antibody retains its specificity to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus gp5. | monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody (mab2-5g2) raised against idiotypic antibodies to membrane glycoprotein gp5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). the variable regions of the heavy chain (vh) and light chain (vl) of mab2-5g2 were cloned and connected with a (gly4ser)3 linker. the recombinant scfv gene was cloned into the peasy-e1 vector and expressed in e. coli as inclusion bodies. the expressed scfv-his proteins renatured in a ph and urea gradient buffer retained the ... | 2015 | 25448704 |
| comparison of different vaccination schedules for sustaining the immune response against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | in order to better understand how immunization against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) can be improved using commercial vaccines, different strategies of immunization were applied in the field using an inactivated vaccine (inv), a modified live vaccine (mlv) or a combination of the two and the responses compared. in experiment 1 (e1), 21 piglets were distributed in three groups. group a was vaccinated with a commercial inv at 2.5, 3.5 and 6.5 months old; group b pigs ... | 2013 | 23499541 |
| infectious agents identified in aborted swine fetuses in a high-density breeding area: a three-year study. | reproductive failure in sows is one of the most important factors affecting pig breeding. many reproductive disorders are linked to both environmental factors and infectious agents. the goal of our study was to determine the presence of pathogens that are known to cause abortion, considering a set of conditioning factors, such as seasonality and pregnancy period. a large number of aborted fetuses (1,625 fetuses from 140 farms) from a high-density breeding area in northern italy was analyzed for ... | 2016 | 27400956 |
| proteolytic processing of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replicase. | the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) replicase polyproteins pp1a and pp1ab are proteolytically processed by four proteases encoded in orf1a. in this study, a large set of prrsv replicase cleavage products were identified and pp1a cleavage sites were verified by using a combination of bioinformatics, proteomics, immunoprecipitation, and site-directed mutagenesis. for genotype 1 prrsv (isolate sd01-08), proteomic analysis identified h180/s181, g385/a386, and g1446/a1447 ... | 2015 | 25557977 |
| epidemiological survey of enteric viruses in wild boars in the czech republic: first evidence of close relationship between wild boar and human rotavirus a strains. | population of wild boar is increasing in the whole europe, the animals migrate close to human habitats which greatly increases the possibility of natural transmission between domestic animals or humans and wild boars. the aim of the study was to estimate in population of free-living wild boar in the czech republic the prevalence of enteric viral pathogens, namely rotavirus groups a and c (rva and rvc), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), and members of family coronavirid ... | 2016 | 27599927 |
| pathogens inactivated by low-energy-electron irradiation maintain antigenic properties and induce protective immune responses. | inactivated vaccines are commonly produced by incubating pathogens with chemicals such as formaldehyde or β-propiolactone. this is a time-consuming process, the inactivation efficiency displays high variability and extensive downstream procedures are often required. moreover, application of chemicals alters the antigenic components of the viruses or bacteria, resulting in reduced antibody specificity and therefore stimulation of a less effective immune response. an alternative method for inactiv ... | 2016 | 27886076 |
| domain organization and evolution of the highly divergent 5' coding region of genomes of arteriviruses, including the novel possum nidovirus. | in five experimentally characterized arterivirus species, the 5'-end genome coding region encodes the most divergent nonstructural proteins (nsp's), nsp1 and nsp2, which include papain-like proteases (plps) and other poorly characterized domains. these are involved in regulation of transcription, polyprotein processing, and virus-host interaction. here we present results of a bioinformatics analysis of this region of 14 arterivirus species, including that of the most distantly related virus, wob ... | 2017 | 28053107 |
| structural biology of the arterivirus nsp11 endoribonucleases. | endoribonuclease (nendou) is unique and conserved as a major genetic marker in nidoviruses that infect vertebrate hosts. arterivirus nonstructural protein 11 (nsp11) was shown to have nendou activity and play essential roles in the viral life cycle. here, we report three crystal structures of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and equine arteritis virus (eav) nsp11 mutants. the structures of arterivirus nsp11 contain two conserved compact domains: the n-terminal domain ( ... | 2017 | 27795409 |
| reorganization and expansion of the nidoviral family arteriviridae. | the family arteriviridae presently includes a single genus arterivirus. this genus includes four species as the taxonomic homes for equine arteritis virus (eav), lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (ldv), porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (prrsv), and simian hemorrhagic fever virus (shfv), respectively. a revision of this classification is urgently needed to accommodate the recent description of eleven highly divergent simian arteriviruses in diverse african nonhuman primates ... | 2016 | 26608064 |
| partial sequence of a novel virus isolated from pelodiscus sinensis hemorrhagic disease. | outbreaks of hemorrhagic syndrome-like disease with high mortality rates have frequently occurred in pelodiscus sinensis farms. the purpose of this study was to investigate the pathogen through challenge infection assays and partial sequencing of the genome of the pathogen. a 453-bp amplicon was obtained by random pcr using the nucleic acid extracted from the tissue homogenate filtrate and showed 32% identity at the amino acid level with the replicase polyprotein of the porcine reproductive and ... | 2015 | 26279281 |
| in vivo assessment of equine arteritis virus vaccine improvement by disabling the deubiquitinase activity of papain-like protease 2. | arteriviruses are a family of positive-stranded rna viruses that includes the prototypic equine arteritis virus (eav) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). although several vaccines against these viruses are commercially available there is room for improvement, especially in the case of prrsv. the ability of arteriviruses to counteract the immune response is thought to decrease the efficacy of the current modified live virus vaccines. we have recently shown that the de ... | 2015 | 25975520 |
| membrane proteins of arterivirus particles: structure, topology, processing and function. | arteriviruses, such as equine arteritis virus (eav) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), are important pathogens in veterinary medicine. despite their limited genome size, arterivirus particles contain a multitude of membrane proteins, the gp5/m and the gp2/3/4 complex, the small and hydrophobic e protein and the orf5a protein. their function during virus entry and budding is understood only incompletely. we summarize current knowledge of their primary structure, memb ... | 2014 | 25278143 |
| modulation of innate immune signaling by nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) in the family arteriviridae. | arteriviruses infect immune cells and may cause persistence in infected hosts. inefficient induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type i ifns are observed during infection of this group of viruses, suggesting that they may have evolved to escape the host immune surveillance for efficient survival. recent studies have identified viral proteins regulating the innate immune signaling, and among these, nsp1 (nonstructural protein 1) is the most potent ifn antagonist. for porcine reproductive an ... | 2014 | 25262851 |
| biogenesis of non-structural protein 1 (nsp1) and nsp1-mediated type i interferon modulation in arteriviruses. | type i interferons (ifns-α/β) play a key role for the antiviral state of host, and the porcine arterivirus; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), has been shown to down-regulate the production of ifns during infection. non-structural protein (nsp) 1 of prrsv has been identified as a viral ifn antagonist, and the nsp1α subunit of nsp1 has been shown to degrade the creb-binding protein (cbp) and to inhibit the formation of enhanceosome thus resulting in the suppression of if ... | 2014 | 24928046 |
| arterivirus molecular biology and pathogenesis. | arteriviruses are positive-stranded rna viruses that infect mammals. they can cause persistent or asymptomatic infections, but also acute disease associated with a respiratory syndrome, abortion or lethal haemorrhagic fever. during the past two decades, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and, to a lesser extent, equine arteritis virus (eav) have attracted attention as veterinary pathogens with significant economic impact. particularly noteworthy were the 'porcine high fe ... | 2013 | 23939974 |
| chimeric viruses containing the n-terminal ectodomains of gp5 and m proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus do not change the cellular tropism of equine arteritis virus. | equine arteritis virus (eav) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) are members of family arteriviridae; they are highly species specific and differ significantly in cellular tropism in cultured cells. in this study we examined the role of the two major envelope proteins (gp5 and m) of eav and prrsv in determining their cellular tropism. we generated three viable eav/prrsv chimeric viruses by swapping the n-terminal ectodomains of these two proteins from prrsv ia1107 str ... | 2012 | 22739441 |
| arterivirus minor envelope proteins are a major determinant of viral tropism in cell culture. | arteriviruses are enveloped positive-strand rna viruses for which the attachment proteins and cellular receptors have remained largely controversial. arterivirus particles contain at least eight envelope proteins, an unusually large number among rna viruses. these appear to segregate into three groups: major structural components (major glycoprotein gp5 and membrane protein [m]), minor glycoproteins (gp2a, gp3, and gp4), and small hydrophobic proteins (e and the recently discovered orf5a protein ... | 2012 | 22258262 |
| role of the microbiome in swine respiratory disease. | microbiome is a term used to describe the community of microorganisms that live on the skin and mucosal surfaces of animals. the gastrointestinal microbiome is essential for proper nutrition and immunity. how the gastrointestinal microbiome impacts primary respiratory or systemic infections is an emerging area of study. porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is caused by a systemic virus infection with primary lung pathology and continues to be the most costly disease of swine worl ... | 2017 | 28318782 |
| self-assembly of hexahistidine-tagged tobacco etch virus capsid protein into microfilaments that induce igg2-specific response against a soluble porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus chimeric protein. | assembly of recombinant capsid proteins into virus-like particles (vlps) still represents an interesting challenge in virus-based nanotechnologies. the structure of vlps has gained importance for the development and design of new adjuvants and antigen carriers. the potential of tobacco etch virus capsid protein (tev cp) as adjuvant has not been evaluated to date. | 2016 | 27894314 |
| gp5 protein-based elisa for the detection of prrsv antibodies. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is an important swine pathogen, causing huge economic losses each year worldwide. immunization with vaccines containing the glycoprotein 5 (gp5) of prrsv is the main measure to induce neutralizing antibodies and control the disease. here, we developed a gp5 protein-based elisa for detecting antibodies against prrsv. the overall yield of purified gp5 in e. coli flask culture was more than 45 mg/l cell culture. western blot and ifa indica ... | 2016 | 27760019 |
| function of cd163 fragments in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. | monocyte/macrophage scavenger receptor cd163 plays an important role in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection. to identify the domains of cd163 involved in prrsv infection, cd163 fragments p1 (1-798 bp), p2 (790-2046 bp), p3 (2023-3345 bp), y-p1 (160-798 bp), y-p2 (790-2046 bp) and y-p3 (2143-3084 bp) were expressed by eukaryotic and prokaryotic expression systems, respectively. infection experiments revealed that non-permissive bhk-21 cells transfected with pcd16 ... | 2015 | 26629026 |
| production and evaluation of virus-like particles displaying immunogenic epitopes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is the most significant infectious disease currently affecting the swine industry worldwide. several inactivated and modified live vaccines (mlv) have been developed to curb prrsv infections. however, the efficacy and safety of these vaccines are unsatisfactory, and hence, there is a strong demand for the development of new prrs universal vaccines. virus-like particle (vlp)-based vaccines are gaining increasing acceptance compared to subunit v ... | 2015 | 25874763 |
| poor weaning transition average daily gain in pigs is not correlated with pathological or immunological markers of enteric disease during a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus outbreak. | previous research suggests that enteric disease and poor gut health interact to decrease pig performance. our objective was to determine if light birth weight pigs or those from the bottom 10th percentile of transition adg (tadg) have a higher incidence of pathogen presence or enteric lesions than heavier or faster-growing contemporaries. a total of 1,500 pigs were weighed at birth and divided into 5 birth weight (brw) categories: <1, 1 to 1.25, 1.26 to 1.5, 1.51 to 1.75, and >1.76 kg. at weanin ... | 2014 | 24867935 |
| immunomodulatory factors and infectious agents associated with the hepatic gene expression of the igf system in nursery pigs. | recent findings suggest there is a complex interaction between the igf system and the inflammatory immune response. the objective of this study was to determine whether gene expression of growth factors (igf-1, igf-binding protein-3 (igfbp-3) and growth hormone receptors (ghr)) in the liver is associated with gene expression of immunomodulators in the liver, including c-reactive protein (crp), serum amyloid a (saa), haptoglobin (hp), interferon-α (ifn-α), ifn-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α (tnf-α), ... | 2014 | 24576503 |
| [prokaryotic expression of pig nuclear transcription factor-kappab p65/p50 and its impacts on prrsv proliferation]. | this study aims to express pig nuclear transcription factor-kappab (nf-kappab) p65/p50 fusion protein in e. coli rosetta, and study its impacts on prrsv proliferation in vitro. the p65 orf and mature p50 encoding gene were amplified by rt-pcr, the products were cloned into the pet-21a(+) vector, then transformed into escherichia coli rosetta, recombinant fusion protein was expressed by iptg induction, the expressed product was identified by sds-page and western-blot. the purified and re-folded p ... | 2013 | 24520768 |
| monoclonal antibodies against nsp2 protein of the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) continues to be a serious threat, causing an economically significant impact on the swine industry worldwide. in this study, non-structural protein nsp2 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) was expressed in escherichia coli and purified by dialysis. an important monoclonal antibody (mab 2h6) against nsp2 protein was generated by fusing mouse myeloma cell line sp2/0 with spleen lymphocytes from nsp2 protein immunized m ... | 2013 | 24111869 |
| nonstructural proteins of torque teno sus virus 2 from o2aug: prediction to experimental validation. | the expression profiles of nonstructural proteins (nsps) in torque teno sus virus 2 (ttsuv2) have not yet been characterized. here, we determined the coding sequences of the ttsuv2 nsps orf2, orf2/2, and orf2/2/3 by overlapping polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and subsequent expression in bacterial and mammalian cells. we generated two monoclonal antibodies (mabs), 2e5 and 6f8, from mice immunized with mixed escherichia coli expressing his-tagged orf2 and orf2/2. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ... | 2013 | 24091363 |
| purification and characterization of recombinant envelope protein gp5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from e. coli. | the major envelope protein, gp5, in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) plays critical roles in the assembly, invasion and immune response of prrsv particle, and is one of the mostly studied candidates in the development of recombinant vaccines. in this research, a purification process including immobilized metal affinity chromatography (imac) and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (hic) was developed to prepare recombinant envelope protein gp5 with his-tag from an e. ... | 2013 | 23885665 |
| impairment of the antibody-dependent phagocytic function of pmns through regulation of the fcγrs expression after porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is identified as one of the most important etiological agents in multifactorial respiratory disease of swine and can predispose pigs to secondary infections by other pathogens, usually bacteria. to understand the mechanism for an increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections, we investigated the antibody-dependent phagocytosis behaviour and killing ability of pmns after infection by prrsv strains bj-4 or hn07-1. pmn's antibody-dep ... | 2013 | 23825597 |
| development of porcine rotavirus vp6 protein based elisa for differentiation of this virus and other viruses. | the context and purpose of the study included 1) bacterial expression of viral protein 6 (vp6) of porcine rotavirus (prv) and generation of rabbit polyclonal antiserum to the vp6 protein; 3) establishment of a discrimination elisa to distinguish prv from a panel of other porcine viruses. | 2013 | 23517810 |
| development of a recombinant n-gp5c fusion protein-based elisa for detection of antibodies to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | the recent dramatic increase in reported cases of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) in pig farms is a potential threat to the global swine industry, and thus, detecting prrs virus (prrsv) in pig herds is essential to help control the spread of prrs. idexx herdchek™ prrs, a commercially available indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa), is the industry standard for detection of antibodies against prrsv. in the present study, an effective ielisa for detection of prrs ... | 2013 | 23439032 |
| expression and purification of a chimeric protein consisting of the ectodomains of m and gp5 proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is the most economically important infectious disease currently affecting the swine industry worldwide. in the us alone, it causes economic losses of more than 560 million dollars every year. although killed-virus and modified-live prrs vaccines are commercially available, the unsatisfactory efficacy and safety of current vaccines drives the impetus of developing novel prrsv vaccines. to fulfill this purpose, we designed a chimeric protein con ... | 2012 | 23217304 |
| production of antisera against porcine haptoglobin: potential for distinguishing haptoglobin subunits. | haptoglobin (hp) is one of the acute phase proteins (apps) that help to alleviate the immune oxidative damage. the present study expressed a truncated porcine hp in escherichia coli and produced rabbit and mouse antisera to the recombinant protein, in order to investigate hp levels in sera from piglets infected with porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). antisera prepared revealed both chains of porcine hp in western blot, and mouse antisera showed stronger binding activiti ... | 2013 | 23164635 |
| expression and serological reactivity of nsp7 protein of prrs genotype i virus. | the aim of this work was to express recombinant nonstructural nsp7 protein of european genotype of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and to evaluate its diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in serological diagnostics of the disease. the gene coding for nsp7 protein was expressed in escherichia coli cells and purified by imac. serological reactivity of purified protein was assessed on a panel of swine sera in indirect elisa test. serum samples originated from prrs positive far ... | 2012 | 22795686 |
| neonatal mortality, vesicular lesions and lameness associated with senecavirus a in a u.s. sow farm. | a 300-sow farrow-to-finish swine operation in the united states experienced a sudden and severe increase in mortality in neonatal piglets with high morbidity followed by vesicular lesions on the snout and feet of adult females and males. affected live piglets were submitted for diagnostic investigation. samples tested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) negative for foot-and-mouth disease virus, porcine delta coronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus, porcine rotavirus types a, b and c, transmis ... | 2016 | 27213868 |
| swine leukocyte antigen (sla) class i allele typing of danish swine herds and identification of commonly occurring haplotypes using sequence specific low and high resolution primers. | the swine major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genomic region (sla) is extremely polymorphic comprising high numbers of different alleles, many encoding a distinct mhc class i molecule, which binds and presents endogenous peptides to circulating t cells of the immune system. upon recognition of such peptide-mhc complexes (pmhc) naïve t cells can become activated and respond to a given pathogen leading to its elimination and the generation of memory cells. hence sla plays a crucial role in main ... | 2014 | 25457547 |
| development of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus replicon vector for foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is an economically important global animal disease. to control fmd virus (fmdv) outbreaks, a lot of different novel approaches have been attempted. in this study, we proposed a novel porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) as a replicon vector to express fmdv structural protein. | 2014 | 24427767 |
| identification of cytotoxic t lymphocyte epitopes on swine viruses: multi-epitope design for universal t cell vaccine. | classical swine fever (csf), foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) are the primary diseases affecting the pig industry globally. vaccine induced cd8(+) t cell-mediated immune response might be long-lived and cross-serotype and thus deserve further attention. although large panels of synthetic overlapping peptides spanning the entire length of the polyproteins of a virus facilitate the detection of cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) epitopes, it is an exc ... | 2013 | 24358361 |
| comparison of self-processing of foot-and-mouth disease virus leader proteinase and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus leader proteinase nsp1α. | the foot-and-mouth disease virus leader proteinase (lb(pro)) cleaves itself off the nascent viral polyprotein. nmr studies on the monomeric variant lb(pro) l200f provide structural evidence for intramolecular self-processing. (15)n-hsqc measurements of lb(pro) l200f showed specifically shifted backbone signals in the active and substrate binding sites compared to the monomeric variant slb(pro), lacking six c-terminal residues. this indicates transient intramolecular interactions between the c-te ... | 2013 | 23756127 |
| in vitro and ex vivo analyses of co-infections with swine influenza and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses. | viral respiratory diseases remain problematic in swine. among viruses, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and swine influenza virus (siv), alone or in combination, are the two main known contributors to lung infectious diseases. previous studies demonstrated that experimental dual infections of pigs with prrsv followed by siv can cause more severe disease than the single viral infections. however, our understanding of the impact of one virus on the other at the molecular ... | 2014 | 24418046 |
| establishment of serological herd profiles for zoonoses and production diseases in pigs by "meat juice multi-serology". | the most important pork-borne zoonotic diseases in humans such as salmonelloses and yersinioses cause only latent infections in pigs. thus, the infection of pigs does not result in apparent or palpable alterations in the pig carcasses. this is the major reason, why the traditional meat inspection with adspection, palpation and incision is not able to control the food safety risks of today. the objective of this paper is to evaluate a set of serological tests, which provides a classification of p ... | 2014 | 24411983 |
| snatch-farrowed, porcine-colostrum-deprived (sf-pcd) pigs as a model for swine infectious disease research. | the current study tested the benefit of commercially available spray-dried bovine colostrum (the saskatoon colostrum company, saskatoon, saskatchewan) in raising snatch-farrowed, porcine-colostrum-deprived (sf-pcd) pigs. in experiment 1, 12 sf-pcd pigs received a liquid diet composed mainly of bovine colostrum from birth to day 10; 6 remained on the same liquid diet (col), and the other 6 were fed a diet composed mainly of milk replacer (rpl) until weaning. in experiment 2, 12 sf-pcd pigs were f ... | 2013 | 24082397 |
| peptide nanofiber hydrogel adjuvanted live virus vaccine enhances cross-protective immunity to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is prevalent in swine farms worldwide and is a major source of economic loss and animal suffering. rapid genetic variation of prrsv makes it difficult for current vaccines to confer protection against newly emerging strains. we recently demonstrated that a novel peptide nanofiber hydrogel (h9e) could act as a potent adjuvant for killed h1n1 vaccines. therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate h9e as an adjuvant for prrsv mod ... | 2013 | 23933333 |
| probability of detecting influenza a virus subtypes h1n1 and h3n2 in individual pig nasal swabs and pen-based oral fluid specimens over time. | the probability of detecting influenza a virus (iav) by virus isolation (vi), point-of-care (poc) antigen detection, and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) was estimated for pen-based oral fluid (of) and individual pig nasal swab (ns) specimens. piglets (n=82) were isolated for 30 days and confirmed negative for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and iav infections. a subset (n=28) was vaccinated on day post inoculation ... | 2013 | 23910522 |
| production and immunogenicity of chimeric virus-like particles containing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus gp5 protein. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) poses a severe threat in swine industry and causes heavy economic losses worldwide. currently, the available vaccines are the inactivated and attenuated virus vaccines, but the use of prrsv in their production raises the issue of safety. we developed a chimeric virus-like particles (vlps) vaccine candidate for prrsv protection. the chimeric vlps was composed of m1 protein from h1n1 influenza virus and a fusion protein, denoted as na/gp5 ... | 2012 | 23036496 |
| [serological detection of emerging viral infections in wild boars from different hunting regions of southern germany]. | wild boars represent a possible virus reservoir for notifiable diseases of farm animals, including aujeszky's disease (ad) and classical swine fever (csf). monitoring of the epidemiological situation in the wild boar population is especially relevant in countries that are officially free from these diseases. apart from oie-notifiable diseases, other viral agents that are widely distributed and play a significant role in farm animals, such as the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viru ... | 2012 | 22331288 |
| chimeric influenza-virus-like particles containing the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus gp5 protein and the influenza virus ha and m1 proteins. | both porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and swine influenza are acute, highly contagious swine diseases. these diseases pose severe threats for the swine industry and cause heavy economic losses worldwide. in this study, we have developed a chimeric virus-like particle (vlp) vaccine candidate for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and h3n2 influenza virus and investigated its immunogenicity in mice. the ha and m1 proteins from the h3n2 influenza virus and the ... | 2014 | 25064513 |
| development and evaluation of a polydiacetylene based biosensor for the detection of h5 influenza virus. | h5n1 avian influenza has caused serious economic losses as well as posed significant threats to public health, agriculture and wildlife. it is important to develop a rapid, sensitive and specific detection platform suitable for disease surveillance and control. in this study, a highly sensitive, specific and rapid biosensor based on polydiacetylene was developed for detecting h5 influenza virus. the polydiacetylene based biosensor was produced from an optimized ratio of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic ac ... | 2015 | 25819686 |
| [influenza outbreak in weaners with involvement of mycoplasma hyorhinis and haemophilus parasuis. a case report]. | in a closed farrow-to-finish piglet producing farm 80% of 7-week-old piglets displayed respiratory disease with a 5% mortality rate. in addition to purulent bronchopneumonia in combination with interstitial pneumonia predominantly in the apical and middle lobes, fibrinous serositis was present in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. further investigations succeeded in confirming the non-pandemic strain of porcine influenza a virus (fluavsw) subtype h1avn1. the molecular genetic studies on mycopl ... | 2016 | 27273027 |
| immune response of porcine alveolar macrophages to a concurrent infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and haemophilus parasuis in vitro. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) can predispose pigs to secondary respiratory infection with bacteria such as haemophilus parasuis. animals infected with both pathogens develop more severe clinical disease. the immune response of porcine alveolar macrophages (pams) to simultaneous infection with prrsv and h. parasuis was analysed in vitro, describing cytokine production, expression of cell surface molecules, and production of reactive oxygen species (ros). concurrent i ... | 2015 | 26358898 |
| associations among haemophilus parasuis, mycoplasma hyorhinis, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infections in pigs with polyserositis. | the objective of this study was to determine the associations among haemophilus parasuis, mycoplasma hyorhinis, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus (eu-field strain) infections in 95 pigs with polyserositis. a significant association between h. parasuis and m. hyorhinis was identified. h. parasuis and m. hyorhinis were significantly more often detected in prrs virus positive pigs. | 2015 | 25750450 |
| association of multi-pathogenic infections with bat2, cxcl12, mx1 and ehmt2 variations in pigs. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), haemophilus parasuis and pseudorabies become a widespread problem causing great economic losses associated with reproductive disturbance, respiratory diseases, neonatal mortality, fibrinous polyserositis, meningitis and arthritis in the pig industry. the important candidate genes are assumed to play crucial roles in host defense against the diseases. the aims of this study were to evaluate the variants in hla-b associated transcript 2 ... | 2012 | 22531939 |
| concurrent highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection accelerates haemophilus parasuis infection in conventional pigs. | this study was aimed at determining the effect of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) on haemophilus parasuis (hps) in co-infection. a quantitative real-time pcr targeting infb gene, which is conserved among different hps serotypes, was developed to improve the accuracy and speed of the detection of hps. a total of 32 four-week-old conventional pigs were distributed randomly into four groups: pigs in group i were intranasally infected with hp-prrsv fi ... | 2012 | 22460022 |
| microbiological characterization of a newly established pig breed, aachen minipigs. | to alleviate the shortage of human donor organs or tissues for the treatment of organ and tissue failure including diabetes, pigs are considered suitable donor animals. as organs from conventional pigs are usually too large, those from minipigs may be better suited. we recently characterized the göttingen minipigs, a breed well characterized concerning the presence of zoonotic microorganisms and found hepatitis e virus (hev) and porcine cytomegalovirus (pcmv) in some animals. here, we characteri ... | 2016 | 26991265 |
| hepatitis e virus chronic infection of swine co-infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | in developed countries, most of hepatitis e human cases are of zoonotic origin. swine is a major hepatitis e virus (hev) reservoir and foodborne transmissions after pork product consumption have been described. the risk for hev-containing pig livers at slaughter time is related to the age at infection and to the virus shedding duration. porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is a virus that impairs the immune response; it is highly prevalent in pig production areas and suspe ... | 2015 | 26048774 |
| one case of swine hepatitis e virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus co-infection in weaned pigs. | using various methods, we analyzed the cause of death among weaned pigs from a pig farm in hebei province, china. all 300 piglets (100% fatality) were identified as moribund, with death occurring within 1 month from the onset of clinical signs. | 2013 | 24252365 |
| enhancement of innate immunity with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor did not mitigate disease in pigs infected with a highly pathogenic chinese prrsv strain. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is responsible for one of the most economically important diseases in swine worldwide. it causes reproductive failure in sows and pneumonia in pigs that predisposes them to secondary bacterial infections. methods to control prrsv and/or limit secondary bacterial infections are desired to reduce the impact of this virus on animal health. neutrophils play a major role in combatting infection; they can act as phagocytes as well as produce ... | 2016 | 27590428 |
| the presence of alpha interferon at the time of infection alters the innate and adaptive immune responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is one of the most devastating and costly diseases to the swine industry worldwide. overall, the adaptive immune response to prrs virus (prrsv) is weak, which results in delayed elimination of virus from the host and inferior vaccine protection. prrsv has been shown to induce a meager alpha interferon (ifn-α) response, and we hypothesized that elevated ifn-α levels early in infection would shorten the induction time and increase elements of th ... | 2012 | 22301694 |
| molecular cloning and characterizations of porcine samhd1 and its roles in replication of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | the sterile alpha motif and hd domain 1 (samhd1) protein is a novel innate immunity restriction factor that inhibits hiv-1 infection in myeloid cells. here, we cloned the full-length samhd1 complementary dna (cdna) from porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes. the porcine samhd1 cdna was of 3951 bp with an open reading frame of 1884 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 627 amino acids. porcine samhd1 mrna was detected in all swine tissues examined, with the higher expression in the tonsil, lung, liver, an ... | 2014 | 25106914 |
| domestic pigs are susceptible to infection with influenza b viruses. | influenza b virus (ibv) causes seasonal epidemics in humans. although ibv has been isolated from seals, humans are considered the primary host and reservoir of this important pathogen. it is unclear whether other animal species can support the replication of ibv and serve as a reservoir. swine are naturally infected with both influenza a and c viruses. to determine the susceptibility of pigs to ibv infection, we conducted a serological survey for u.s. midwest domestic swine herds from 2010 to 20 ... | 2015 | 25673727 |
| inhibitory effects of lithium chloride on replication of type ii porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in vitro. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is one of the most serious diseases affecting the swine industry worldwide; however, there are no efficient control strategies against prrs virus (prrsv) at present. therefore, development of new antiviral treatment strategies is urgently needed. as reported, lithium chloride (licl) can efficiently impair the replication of a variety of viruses, including infectious bronchitis coronavirus (ibv) and transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (tg ... | 2015 | 25560301 |
| recent progress in studies of arterivirus- and coronavirus-host interactions. | animal coronaviruses, such as infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), and arteriviruses, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), are able to manifest highly contagious infections in their specific native hosts, thereby arising in critical economic damage to animal industries. this review discusses recent progress in studies of virus-host interactions during animal and human coronavirus and arterivirus infections, with emphasis on ibv-host cell interactions. these interact ... | 2012 | 22816036 |
| detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and influenza a virus (iav) in oral fluid of pigs. | recently oral fluid has become a novel sample type for pathogen nucleic acid and antibody detection, as it is easy to obtain with non-invasive procedures. the objective of the study was to analyze porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and influenza a virus (iav) circulation in growing pigs from three polish production farms, using real time pcr and elisa testing of oral fluid and serum. oral fluids were collected every 2weeks, in the same 3-4 pens of pigs aged between 5 and ... | 2016 | 27892877 |
| multiplex pcr and microarray for detection of swine respiratory pathogens. | porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) is one of the most important health concerns for pig producers and can involve multiple viral and bacterial pathogens. no simple, single-reaction diagnostic test currently exists for the simultaneous detection of major pathogens commonly associated with prdc. furthermore, the detection of most of the bacterial pathogens implicated in prdc currently requires time-consuming culture-based methods that can take several days to obtain results. in this study, ... | 2015 | 26662640 |
| concentration, size distribution, and infectivity of airborne particles carrying swine viruses. | when pathogens become airborne, they travel associated with particles of different size and composition. particle size determines the distance across which pathogens can be transported, as well as the site of deposition and the survivability of the pathogen. despite the importance of this information, the size distribution of particles bearing viruses emitted by infectious animals remains unknown. in this study we characterized the concentration and size distribution of inhalable particles that ... | 2015 | 26287616 |
| association of the presence of influenza a virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in sow farms with post-weaning mortality. | influenza a virus (iav) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) are among the most important pathogens affecting pigs worldwide. their effect on post-weaning mortality can be substantial and may be potentiated by other concomitant factors. here, the objective was to evaluate the association between iav and prrsv infection at weaning with post-weaning mortality observed in wean-to-finish farms in order to better quantify the full impact of their presence in breeding herds. ... | 2015 | 26210012 |
| evolutionary characterization of pig interferon-inducible transmembrane gene family and member expression dynamics in tracheobronchial lymph nodes of pigs infected with swine respiratory disease viruses. | studies have found that a cluster of duplicated gene loci encoding the interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins (ifitms) family have antiviral activity against several viruses, including influenza a virus. the gene family has 5 and 7 members in humans and mice, respectively. here, we confirm the current annotation of pig ifitm1, ifitm2, ifitm3, ifitm5, ifitm1l1 and ifitm1l4, manually annotated ifitm1l2, ifitm1l3, ifitm5l, ifitm3l1 and ifitm3l2, and provide expressed sequence tag (est) and/or ... | 2014 | 24656980 |
| nuclear imprisonment of host cellular mrna by nsp1β protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | positive-strand rna genomes function as mrna for viral protein synthesis which is fully reliant on host cell translation machinery. competing with cellular protein translation apparatus needs to ensure the production of viral proteins, but this also stifles host innate defense. in the present study, we showed that porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), whose replication takes place in the cytoplasm, imprisoned host cell mrna in the nucleus, which suggests a novel mechanism ... | 2017 | 28235682 |
| regulatory t cells in arterivirus and coronavirus infections: do they protect against disease or enhance it? | regulatory t cells (t(regs)) are a subset of t cells that are responsible for maintaining peripheral immune tolerance and homeostasis. the hallmark of t(regs) is the expression of the forkhead box p3 (foxp3) transcription factor. natural regulatory t cells (nt(regs)) are a distinct population of t cells that express cd4 and foxp3. ntregs develop in the thymus and function in maintaining peripheral immune tolerance. other cd4(+), cd4(-)cd8(-), and cd8(+)cd28(-) t cells can be induced to acquire r ... | 2012 | 22754651 |
| construction and expression of a heterologous protein in lactococcus lactis by using the nisin-controlled gene expression system: the case of the prrsv orf6 gene. | the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) continues to be a threat, exerting significant economic effects on the swine industry worldwide. however, none of the current commercially available vaccines can completely prevent respiratory infection, trans-placental transmission, pig-to-pig transmission of the virus, or maintain immune protection in sows. this study provides information on prrsv and a review of available options for prrs control strategies based on its pathogeni ... | 2014 | 24634130 |
| simian hemorrhagic fever virus cell entry is dependent on cd163 and uses a clathrin-mediated endocytosis-like pathway. | simian hemorrhagic fever virus (shfv) causes a severe and almost uniformly fatal viral hemorrhagic fever in asian macaques but is thought to be nonpathogenic for humans. to date, the shfv life cycle is almost completely uncharacterized on the molecular level. here, we describe the first steps of the shfv life cycle. our experiments indicate that shfv enters target cells by low-ph-dependent endocytosis. dynamin inhibitors, chlorpromazine, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, chloroquine, and concanamycin a dra ... | 2015 | 25355889 |