| fc gamma rii-dependent sensitisation of natural interferon-producing cells for viral infection and interferon-alpha responses. | natural interferon-producing cells (nipc), also called plasmacytoid dendritic cells, are the most potent producers of ifn-alpha in response to viral and bacterial components, serving an important function in innate immune defences. the present work demonstrates that nipc responsiveness can be primed by immunisation, increasing their capacity to produce ifn-alpha after viral infection. nipc isolated from pigs immunised against classical swine fever virus (csfv), a member of the flaviviridae, were ... | 2005 | 16021600 |
| de novo rna synthesis and homology modeling of the classical swine fever virus rna polymerase. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) non-structural protein 5b (ns5b) encodes an rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp), a key enzyme which initiates rna replication by a de novo mechanism without a primer and is a potential target for anti-virus therapy. we expressed the ns5b protein in escherichia coli. the rgtp can stimulate de novo initiation of rna synthesis and mutation of the gdd motif to gly-asp-asp (gaa) abolishes the rna synthesis. to better understand the mechanism of viral rna synthesis i ... | 2005 | 16022897 |
| outbreaks of classical swine fever in the republic of korea in 2003. | | 2005 | 16040944 |
| n(pro) of classical swine fever virus is an antagonist of double-stranded rna-mediated apoptosis and ifn-alpha/beta induction. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) protects cells from double-stranded (ds) rna-mediated apoptosis and ifn-alpha/beta induction. this phenotype is lost when csfv lacks n(pro) (deltan(pro) csfv). in the present study, we demonstrate that n(pro) counteracts dsrna-mediated apoptosis and ifn-alpha/beta induction independently of other csfv elements. for this purpose, we generated porcine sk-6 and pk-15 cell lines constitutively expressing n(pro) fused to the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) ... | 2005 | 16043207 |
| validation of a real-time rt-pcr assay for sensitive and specific detection of classical swine fever. | a fully validated, ready-to-use, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay, multiplexed for simultaneous detection of an internal control, for the simple and rapid diagnosis of classical swine fever (csf) was developed. primers and fam-labeled taqman-probes specific for classical swine fever virus (csfv) were selected from the consensus sequence of the 5' non-translated region (5' ntr) of 78 different csfv strains. for determining analytical sensitivity, an in vitr ... | 2005 | 16055202 |
| in vivo depletion of cd8+ t lymphocytes abrogates protective immunity to african swine fever virus. | to understand the mechanisms involved in protective immunity to african swine fever virus (asfv) infection, the observation that infection with the avirulent portuguese asfv isolate our/t88/3 protects outbred pigs from challenge with the virulent portuguese asfv isolate our/t88/1 was exploited. it was demonstrated that pigs exposed to our/t88/3 and then depleted of cd8+ lymphocytes were no longer fully protected from our/t88/1 challenge. this indicated that cd8+ lymphocytes play an important rol ... | 2005 | 16099902 |
| identification of classical swine fever virus protein e2 as a target for cytotoxic t cells by using mrna-transfected antigen-presenting cells. | vaccination of pigs against classical swine fever virus (csfv) by using live-virus vaccines induces early protection before detectable humoral immune responses. immunological analyses indicate that this is associated with t-cell activation, underlining the importance of targeting cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) responses for vaccine improvement. antigen-presenting cells (apcs) transfected with mrna encoding structural protein e2 or non-structural viral proteins ns3-ns4a were used to identify viral ... | 2005 | 16099911 |
| genetic characterization of a caprine pestivirus as the first member of a putative novel pestivirus subgroup. | currently, the genus pestivirus comprises four approved species, namely bovine viral diarrhoea viruses 1 and 2 (bvdv-1, bvdv-2), classical swine fever virus and border disease virus (bdv). recently, three major genotypes have been identified within the species bdv and termed as subgroups bdv-1, bdv-2 and bdv-3. here, an isolate from animals in a herd showing bd-like syndromes, which occurred in central italy was analysed. a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed using prim ... | 2005 | 16115092 |
| nictitating membrane as a potentially useful postmortem diagnostic specimen for classical swine fever. | the gold standard for diagnosis of classical swine fever (csf) is cell culture virus isolation combined with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and fluorescent antibody test (fat) in cryosections of tonsils, spleen, various lymph nodes, ileum, and kidney. autolytic and heterolytic samples render correct fat evaluation difficult and can even yield false-negative or ambiguously positive results. to extend the spectrum of csf diagnostic specimens, the authors tested whether th ... | 2005 | 16130991 |
| characterization of epitopes for neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to classical swine fever virus e2 and erns using phage-displayed random peptide library. | infection of cells with classical swine fever virus (csfv) is mediated by the interaction of envelope glycoproteins e2 and erns with receptor molecules on the cell surface. these proteins are also the major antigens for eliciting neutralizing antibodies and conferring protective immunity. here we report the identification of multiple neutralizing epitopes on these proteins by screening a phage-displayed random peptide library with csfv-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. two different e ... | 2006 | 16132176 |
| detection and quantitative pathogenesis study of classical swine fever virus using a real time rt-pcr assay. | a real time reverse transcription (rt) taqman pcr assay for the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) previously described for use on a smartcycler was validated on the applied biosystems ab 7700 sequence detection system using the roche magna pure instrument for nucleic acid extraction and reaction set up. the primers and probe were specific for the csfv strains (nsw, baker and weybridge) and did not react with other pestiviruses (bdv tobias, bdv #327, bvdv non-cpe and bvdv c24v). ana ... | 2006 | 16139899 |
| vimentin rearrangement during african swine fever virus infection involves retrograde transport along microtubules and phosphorylation of vimentin by calcium calmodulin kinase ii. | african swine fever virus (asfv) infection leads to rearrangement of vimentin into a cage surrounding virus factories. vimentin rearrangement in cells generally involves phosphorylation of n-terminal domains of vimentin by cellular kinases to facilitate disassembly and transport of vimentin filaments on microtubules. here, we demonstrate that the first stage in vimentin rearrangement during asfv infection involves a microtubule-dependent concentration of vimentin into an "aster" within virus ass ... | 2005 | 16140754 |
| phylogenetic analysis of recent isolates of classical swine fever virus from colombia. | the ability to discriminate between different classical swine fever virus (csfv) isolates is a prerequisite for identifying the possible origin of an outbreak. to determine the relatedness between colombian isolates from different geographical regions, genetic sequences of the glycoprotein e2 and the 5'utr of csfv were amplified by pcr, sequenced and compared with reference strains of different genetic grouping. the viruses originated from classical swine fever (csf) outbreaks in colombia during ... | 2006 | 16143418 |
| susceptibility of in vivo- and in vitro-produced porcine embryos to classical swine fever virus. | the objective of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of in vivo- and in vitro-produced (ivp) porcine embryos to classical swine fever virus (csfv). ivp zona pellucida (zp)-intact porcine embryos (n = 721) were co-cultured with csfv for 120 h. after washing according to the international embryo transfer society guidelines (without trypsin) and transferring embryos to csfv-susceptible porcine kidney cells (pk15 cell line), no virus was isolated. however, when 88 ivp zp-intact porcine ... | 2005 | 16149945 |
| role of double-stranded rna and npro of classical swine fever virus in the activation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is a noncytopathogenic (ncp) positive-sense rna virus that replicates in myeloid cells including macrophages and dendritic cells (dc). the virus does not induce type i interferon (ifn-alpha/beta), which in macrophages has been related to the presence of the viral npro gene. in the present work, the role of viral double-stranded (ds)rna and npro in the virus-host cell interaction has been analyzed. higher levels of detectable dsrna were produced by a genetically ... | 2005 | 16154171 |
| candidate peptide-vaccine induced potent protection against csfv and identified a principal sequential neutralizing determinant on e2. | previously, two candidate multi-peptide-vaccines (mpvs) consisted of five overlapping synthetic peptides covering the antigenic domain b/c (aa693-777) on envelope protein e2 were prepared in our lab. and they successfully induced peptide-specific neutralizing antibodies and provided pigs with complete protection from the lethal challenge of virulent classical swine fever virus (csfv) strain shimen. in this study, these five peptides were conjugated to bovine serum albumin (bsa), with which five ... | 2006 | 16154668 |
| mutation of e1 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus affects viral virulence in swine. | transposon linker insertion mutagenesis of a full-length infectious clone (ic) (pbic) of the pathogenic classical swine fever virus (csfv) strain brescia was used to identify genetic determinants of csfv virulence and host range. here, we characterize a virus mutant, rb-c22v, possessing a 19-residue insertion at the carboxyl terminus of e1 glycoprotein. although rb-c22v exhibited normal growth characteristics in primary porcine macrophage cell cultures, the major target cell of csfv in vivo, it ... | 2005 | 16168455 |
| genetic typing of classical swine fever viruses from lao pdr by analysis of the 5' non-coding region. | the 5' non-coding region (5'-ncr) of 27 classical swine fever virus (csfv) isolates from lao people's democratic republic (lao pdr) during 1997 and 1999 were amplified by rt-pcr. a 150-bp region of the 5'-ncr amplicons was analysed and compared with reference csfv of european and asian origin and a phylogenetic dendrogram constructed. following analysis, all viruses were determined to belong to genogroup 2. viruses from lao pdr grouped on a geographical basis with the majority of northern/centra ... | 2005 | 16175340 |
| intra- and inter-genotypic size variation in the central variable region of the 9rl open reading frame of diverse african swine fever viruses. | african swine fever (asf) viruses are characterised by numerous p72 genotypes, but by low levels of intra-genotypic variation, particularly in domestic pig associated genotypes. as it is precisely these viral lineages that are involved in outbreaks of the disease it is imperative that alternative, more informative gene regions be identified which are suitable for intra-genotypic resolution of relationships. to this end, the central variable region (cvr) of the 9rl open reading frame of diverse a ... | 2005 | 16175341 |
| indirect sandwich elisa for antigen detection of african swine fever virus: comparison of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. | two indirect, sandwich elisas are described for use in african swine fever (asf) diagnosis. one assay uses polyclonal serum raised in rabbits and guinea pigs against the cytoplasmic soluble asf virus protein and the second, a combination of monoclonal antibody raised against the vp73 protein and rabbit polyclonal serum. both assays have been shown to detect antigen of representative field strains of phylogenetically distinct groupings of asf virus but the elisa, which utilises polyclonal antiser ... | 2006 | 16182385 |
| secreted expression of the classical swine fever virus glycoprotein e(rns) in yeast and application to a sandwich blocking elisa. | e(rns) is an envelope glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus (csfv) with rnase activity. the purpose of this study was to produce an active e(rns) for further applications using the yeast secreted expression system. the e(rns) gene was cloned into the expression vector pgapzalphac which was introduced into pichia pastoris. expression of e(rns) protein in culture supernatant was confirmed by western blot analysis using both the monoclonal antibody against csfv e(rns) and csfv-positive swine ... | 2006 | 16213600 |
| in silico studies of the african swine fever virus dna polymerase x support an induced-fit mechanism. | the african swine fever virus dna polymerase x (pol x), a member of the x family of dna polymerases, is thought to be involved in base excision repair. kinetics data indicate that pol x catalyzes dna polymerization with low fidelity, suggesting a role in viral mutagenesis. though pol x lacks the fingers domain that binds the dna in other members of the x family, it binds dna tightly. to help interpret details of this interaction, molecular dynamics simulations of free pol x at different salt con ... | 2006 | 16214865 |
| detection of a newly described pestivirus of pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) in france. | a pestivirus was detected and characterized in chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) originating from the french part of the pyrenees. phylogenetic analysis of the pestivirus was done on the basis of a fragment from the 5' noncoding region including 22 published nucleotide sequences of different pestivirus strains. our strain was grouped within the clade of border disease viruses (bdv). however, it had an intermediate position between clade bdv and classical swine fever viruses representing a ... | 2005 | 16244072 |
| [codon optimization and expression in pichia pastoris of e2 gene of classical swine fever virus]. | codon bias was one of the important parameter which influence heterogenous gene expression, optimizing codon sequence could improve expression level of heterogenous gene. in the preview study, wildtype e2 gene was expressed poorly in pichia pastoris, in order to improve the expression level of e2 gene in pichia pastoris, the low usage codons of e2 gene were mutated into high usage codons in pichia pastoris by directed-mutagenesis based on pcr. the result showed that, compared with the results re ... | 2003 | 16281552 |
| evaluation of the epidemiological importance of classical swine fever infected, e2 sub-unit marker vaccinated animals with rt-npcr positive blood samples. | it has been demonstrated that pigs that have been double vaccinated with an e2 sub-unit marker vaccine and that are infected with classical swine fever virus (csfv) through a natural contact infection may react positive in a csfv detecting rt-npcr test, whereas no virus could be isolated by using the conventional virus isolation (vi) technique. to evaluate whether these vaccinated and infected pigs may spread the virus, three experiments were set up. in the first, susceptible pigs were inoculate ... | 2005 | 16283914 |
| candidate peptide-vaccines induced immunity against csfv and identified sequential neutralizing determinants in antigenic domain a of glycoprotein e2. | antigenic domain a is a highly conserved unit on envelope protein e2 of classical swine fever virus (csfv). it was found that mutant e2 containing only unit a, with the unit bc deleted, provided immunized pigs with complete protection against the lethal challenge. in this study, six overlapping peptides (a1-a6) covering this unit were synthesized and conjugated to bovine serum albumin (bsa). two candidate multi-peptide-vaccines (mpvs) using aluminum adjuvant successfully induced potent immunity ... | 2006 | 16300867 |
| development of a nested pcr and its internal control for the detection of african swine fever virus (asfv) in ornithodoros erraticus. | a nested pcr assay, with an internal control, was developed to detect african swine fever virus (asfv) dna in ornithodoros erraticus. the assay revealed a better analytical sensitivity than virus isolation and the oie pcr protocol. all ticks collected from the field, which were positive by virus isolation, were also positive by pcr. viral dna was detected in a further 19 out of 60 ticks from which no virus was isolated. our results show that this assay is reliable and can easily be used to scree ... | 2006 | 16328146 |
| immunological properties of recombinant classical swine fever virus ns3 protein in vitro and in vivo. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious and often fatal disease of pigs characterised by fever, severe leukopenia and haemorrhages. with vaccines having an importance in disease control, studies are seeking improved protein-based subunit vaccine against the virus (csfv). in this respect, recombinant viral ns3 protein was analysed for its immunopotentiating capacity, particularly in terms of cytotoxic immune responses. ns3 was effective at inducing in vitro responses, quantified by lym ... | 2006 | 16336932 |
| dna polymerase x from african swine fever virus: quantitative analysis of the enzyme-ssdna interactions and the functional structure of the complex. | interactions of polymerase x from african swine fever virus with single-stranded dna (ssdna) have been studied, using quantitative fluorescence titration and analytical ultracentrifugation techniques. experiments were performed with a fluorescent etheno-derivative of ssdna oligomers. studies of unmodified ssdna oligomers were carried out using the competition titration method. the total site-size of the pol x-ssdna complex is 16(+/-1) nucleotide residues. the large total ssdna-binding site has a ... | 2006 | 16337650 |
| effects of some disinfectants on african swine fever virus. | [this corrects the article on p. 115 in vol. 25.]. | 1973 | 16349959 |
| the viral protein a238l inhibits tnf-alpha expression through a cbp/p300 transcriptional coactivators pathway. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is able to inhibit tnf-alpha-induced gene expression through the synthesis of a238l protein. this was shown by the use of deletion mutants lacking the a238l gene from the vero cell-adapted ba71v asfv strain and from the virulent isolate e70. to further analyze the molecular mechanism by which the viral gene controls tnf-alpha, we have used jurkat cells stably transfected with the viral gene to identify the tnf-alpha regulatory elements involved in the induction o ... | 2006 | 16365438 |
| armored rna as virus surrogate in a real-time reverse transcriptase pcr assay proficiency panel. | in recent years testing responsibilities for high-consequence pathogens have been expanded from national reference laboratories into networks of local and regional laboratories in order to support enhanced disease surveillance and to test for surge capacity. this movement of testing of select agents and high-consequence pathogens beyond reference laboratories introduces a critical need for standardized, noninfectious surrogates of disease agents for use as training and proficiency test samples. ... | 2006 | 16390950 |
| negative impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection on the efficacy of classical swine fever vaccine. | recent findings suggest that porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) possesses immunomodulatory properties. to investigate the effect of prrsv infection on classical swine fever (csf) vaccine efficacy, 17-day-old pigs were divided into five groups. the experimental group was infected with a thai prrsv (us genotype) a week before csf vaccination and challenged with a virulent csf virus (csfv) 3 weeks following vaccination. the control groups received no prrsv infection, no csf ... | 2006 | 16406169 |
| nuclear export of african swine fever virus p37 protein occurs through two distinct pathways and is mediated by three independent signals. | nucleocytoplasmic shuttling activity of the african swine fever virus p37 protein, a major structural protein of this highly complex virus, has been recently reported. the systematic characterization of the nuclear export ability of this protein constituted the major purpose of the present study. we report that both the n- and c-terminal regions of p37 protein are actively exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of yeast and mammalian cells. moreover, experiments using leptomycin b and small ... | 2006 | 16415017 |
| characterization of the n-terminal domain of classical swine fever virus rna-dependent rna polymerase. | to investigate rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) further, mutational analysis of the n-terminal domain of the ns5b protein of classical swine fever virus was performed. results show that the n-terminal domain (positions 1-300) of the protein might be divided artificially into four different regions, n1-n4. the n1 region (positions 1-61) contained neither conserved lysine nor conserved arginine residues. ns5b protein with deletion of the n1 region has the capacity for elongative rna synthesis, ... | 2006 | 16432021 |
| core protein of pestiviruses is processed at the c terminus by signal peptide peptidase. | the core protein of pestiviruses is released from the polyprotein by viral and cellular proteinases. here we report on an additional intramembrane proteolytic step that generates the c terminus of the core protein. c-terminal processing of the core protein of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was blocked by the inhibitor (z-ll)(2)-ketone, which is specific for signal peptide peptidase (spp). the same effect was obtained by overexpression of the dominant-negative spp d(265)a mutant. the presence ... | 2006 | 16439547 |
| the protective immune response induced by b cell epitope of classical swine fever virus glycoprotein e2. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) envelope glycoprotein e2 is a major protective immunogen responsible for eliciting neutralizing antibodies and conferring protective immunity against the virus. based on the core sequence (tavspttlr, 829-837 aa) of the b cell linear epitope of the csfv e2 protein identified by lin et al., two oligonucleotides mf and mr were synthesized and used to construct by pcr a gene cassette encoding a 15 amino acid polypeptide m (ctavspttlrtevvk), which spans 828-842 amin ... | 2006 | 16455143 |
| porcine interleukin-3 enhances dna vaccination against classical swine fever. | dna vectors can be used to deliver vaccine antigens that stimulate effective protective immunity in mice, but in larger, outbred animal species, the protective efficacy is lower or large doses of dna are required. these data demonstrate that porcine interleukin-3 (il-3) when delivered to pigs by dna vector or in low doses as recombinant protein, can enhance antibody responses to classical swine fever virus antigen expressed from co-delivered dna, and improve the protective efficacy of the dna va ... | 2006 | 16457910 |
| a serological survey of selected pathogens in wild boar in slovenia. | serum samples collected from 178 shot wild boars (sus scrofa) were tested for the presence of antibodies against classical swine fever virus, aujeszky's disease virus (adv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus, swine influenza virus, porcine parvovirus (ppv), swine vesicular disease virus, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (app), mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, salmonella spp., brucella spp. and haemophilus para ... | 2006 | 16460352 |
| [salmonella choleraesuis c500 delivering dna immunization against classical swine fever virus]. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) e2 protein eukaryotic expression plasmid pvaxe2 was constructed. the plasmid pvaxe2 was transformed into salmonella choleraesuis c500 (s. c500) attenuated vaccine strain by electroporation to generate salmonella choleraesuis engineering strain s. c500/pvaxe2. the characterization of s. c500/pvaxe2 in morphology, growth, biochemistry and serology indicated that it retained the same properties as its original strain s. c500 with exception of kanamycin resistance ... | 2005 | 16468338 |
| comparison of six rna extraction methods for the detection of classical swine fever virus by real-time and conventional reverse transcription-pcr. | six rna extraction methods, i.e., rnaqueous kit, micro-to-midi total rna purification system, nucleospin rna ii, genelute mammalian total rna kit, rneasy mini kit, and trizol ls reagent, were evaluated on blood and 7 tissues from pig infected with classical swine fever virus (csfv). each of the 6 extraction methods yielded sufficient rna for positive results in a real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) for csfv, and all rna, except the one extracted from blood by trizol ls reagent, yielded ... | 2005 | 16475517 |
| visualization of the african swine fever virus infection in living cells by incorporation into the virus particle of green fluorescent protein-p54 membrane protein chimera. | many stages of african swine fever virus infection have not yet been studied in detail. to track the behavior of african swine fever virus (asfv) in the infected cells in real time, we produced an infectious recombinant asfv (b54gfp-2) that expresses and incorporates into the virus particle a chimera of the p54 envelope protein fused to the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp). the incorporation of the fusion protein into the virus particle was confirmed immunologically and it was determine ... | 2006 | 16490226 |
| contributions of an endonuclease iv homologue to dna repair in the african swine fever virus. | we recently demonstrated that african swine fever virus dna polymerase x (pol x) is extremely error-prone during single-nucleotide gap-filling and that the downstream asfv dna ligase seals 3' mismatched nicks with high efficiency. to further assess the credence of our hypothesis that these proteins may promote viral diversification by functioning within the context of an aberrant dna repair pathway, herein we characterize the third protein expected to function in this system, a putative ap endon ... | 2006 | 16503634 |
| spying the neutralizing epitopes on e2 n-terminal by candidate epitope-vaccines against classical swine fever virus. | our previous study proved that the n-terminal (aa693-711) of glycoprotein e2 contained sequential neutralizing epitopes. in this study, four candidate epitope-vaccines (evs) were separately prepared and evaluated. among them, epitope-vaccine ev-bc1a (bc1a: aa693-699) induced high level of epitope-specific neutralizing antibodies and exhibited similar protective capability with that induced by chinese vaccine strain (c-strain). these results confirmed ckedyry (aa693-699) as a principal sequential ... | 2006 | 16504346 |
| antigenic properties and diagnostic potential of african swine fever virus protein pp62 expressed in insect cells. | african swine fever (asf) is an infectious and economically important disease of domestic pigs. the absence of vaccine renders the diagnostic test the only tool that can be used for the control of new outbreaks of the disease. at present, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test is the most useful method for large-scale asf serological studies, although false positives have been detected, mainly on poorly preserved sera. in order to improve the current diagnostic test available for asf ... | 2006 | 16517882 |
| african swine fever virus pb119l protein is a flavin adenine dinucleotide-linked sulfhydryl oxidase. | protein pb119l of african swine fever virus belongs to the erv1p/alrp family of sulfhydryl oxidases and has been described as a late nonstructural protein required for correct virus assembly. to further our knowledge of the function of protein pb119l during the virus life cycle, we have investigated whether this protein possesses sulfhydryl oxidase activity, using a purified recombinant protein. we show that the purified protein contains bound flavin adenine dinucleotide and is capable of cataly ... | 2006 | 16537584 |
| determination of genotoxicity of classical swine fever vaccine in vitro by cytogenetic and comet tests. | chromosome damage in lymphocyte cultures induced by live virus vaccine against classical swine fever (csf) has been observed in previous studies. in vivo cytogenetic tests were made with several doses of vaccines used in argentina to control the disease. these studies have shown that genotoxic effects increased with dose. in the present study, two different in vitro assays were performed by recording the frequency of cells with chromosome alterations and by assessing the ability of the vaccine t ... | 2006 | 16571637 |
| african swine fever virus protein pe296r is a dna repair apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease required for virus growth in swine macrophages. | we show here that the african swine fever virus (asfv) protein pe296r, predicted to be a class ii apurinic/apyrimidinic (ap) endonuclease, possesses endonucleolytic activity specific for ap sites. biochemical characterization of the purified recombinant enzyme indicated that the k(m) and catalytic efficiency values for the endonucleolytic reaction are in the range of those reported for escherichia coli endonuclease iv (endo iv) and human ape1. in addition to endonuclease activity, the asfv enzym ... | 2006 | 16641276 |
| efficacy and functionality of lipoprotein opri from pseudomonas aeruginosa as adjuvant for a subunit vaccine against classical swine fever. | bacterial lipoproteins are potent stimulators of innate immune responses and can mediate humoral and cytotoxic t cell responses without additional adjuvants. opri derived from pseudomonas aeruginosa was tested in vitro and in vivo for its adjuvant potential in the context of a classical swine fever (csf) subunit vaccine. opri activated porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells (modc), upregulating cd80/86 and mhc class ii expression, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines. opri enhanced csfv-antig ... | 2006 | 16678311 |
| characterisation of the discrepancy between pcr and virus isolation in relation to classical swine fever virus detection. | in order to confirm and characterise further the discrepancies observed between diagnostic rt-npcr and virus isolation results for the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv), a test panel of three new rt-pcrs was designed, amplifying parts of the ns2, ns3 and ns5a regions. screening of negative samples by virus isolation with the new panel not only confirmed the discrepancies previously observed but also indicated that these were not associated with a specific genomic region. however, n ... | 2006 | 16682087 |
| a one-step multiplex real-time rt-pcr for detection and typing of bovine viral diarrhea viruses. | a one-step multiplex real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using smartcycler technology and taqman probes was developed for detection and typing of bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv). common primers and type-specific (bvdv1 and bvdv2) taqman probes were designed in the 5'-untranslated region of the viral genome. the real-time assay was able to detect 10-100 tcid50 of virus, with correlation coefficient (r2) values of 0.998 and 0.999 for bvdv1 and bvdv2, respectivel ... | 2006 | 16687219 |
| a multiplex dna suspension microarray for simultaneous detection and differentiation of classical swine fever virus and other pestiviruses. | an oligonucleotide suspension microarray (luminex microsphere system) was developed for detection and differentiation of animal pestiviruses: classical swine fever virus (csfv), bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2 (bvdv1 and bvdv2), and border disease virus (bdv). species-specific and pestivirus-common oligonucleotide probes were designed to the 5' utr region and conjugated to individual color-coded luminex carboxy beads (probe beads). target pestivirus sequences were amplified by asymmetr ... | 2006 | 16690139 |
| high ifn-alpha responses associated with depletion of lymphocytes and natural ifn-producing cells during classical swine fever. | during the acute phase of the viral hemorrhagic disease, classical swine fever (csf), a severe hematologic depletion in primary lymphoid organs and depletion of peripheral blood t and b lymphocytes are observed. the onset of these pathologic events is before viremia and independent of leukocyte infection, indicating a host-mediated effect possibly through a cytokine storm. here, we show that high serum levels of interferon- alpha (ifn-alpha) were found during this phase of csf, detectable as ear ... | 2006 | 16704301 |
| [threatening classical swine fever from germany. congressman veerman makes pcr test for classical swine fever possible]. | | 2006 | 16711570 |
| [genetic typing of classical swine fever viruses--a review]. | classical swine fever (csf) is a notifiable disease of domestic pigs and wild boar. it is caused by the highly contagious csf virus and in its acute form the disease generally results in high morbidity and mortality. due to the great economical impact an outbreak can cause to the pig industry it is one of the most important swine diseases worldwide. to limit the damage in the case of a new outbreak it is necessary to identify the virus as fast as possible. this information helps epidemiologists ... | 2006 | 16716047 |
| replication of classical swine fever virus strains and isolates in different porcine cell lines. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is an economically important pathogen of domestic pigs and wild boar. due to the highly variable clinical picture of csf, laboratory methods are essential for an unambiguous diagnosis. virus isolation using cell culture is still considered the gold standard. it is based on the incubation of permissive cells with organ or leukocyte preparations followed by antigen detection. in the "eu diagnostic manual for csf diagnosis", the permanent cell line pk(15) (porcine ... | 2006 | 16716048 |
| case report: the significance of genotyping for the epidemiological tracing of classical swine fever (csf). | in germany, eleven outbreaks of csf in domestic pig holdings were reported in 2002. they occurred exclusively in regions where csf virus circulated in the wild boar population. in ten cases the phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates from domestic pigs and wild boar had identical sequences in the 5' non-translated region (5'ntr). however, in one case a subtype was isolated which was slightly different from the virus subtype found in the wild boar population of that region. this case is ... | 2006 | 16716053 |
| monitoring of classical swine fever in wild boar (sus scrofa) in slovenia. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious multi-systemic haemorrhagic viral disease of pigs. not only domestic pigs, but also wild boar appear to play a crucial role in the epidemiology of csf. spleen (n = 739) and blood coagulum (n = 562) sampled from wild boars (sus scrofa) shot in 2002, and serum samples from 746 wild boar shot in 2003 and 2004, were tested throughout slovenia. in 2002, 17 samples were positive on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test for antibodies against ... | 2006 | 16732885 |
| kinetics of african swine fever virus infection in ornithodoros erraticus ticks. | the kinetics of african swine fever virus (asfv) infection in ornithodoros erraticus ticks were investigated in specimens collected in the field at different times following an outbreak of the disease in portugal in 1999 and in ticks infected experimentally with a virus isolated from a tick collected during this outbreak. in ticks collected from the field, initial screening for asfv was carried out by pcr, followed by attempts to isolate the virus in macrophage cultures. considering total number ... | 2006 | 16760388 |
| identification of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 in korean native goat (capra hircus). | in the genus pestivirus, four genetically distinct viral species are currently recognized: bovine viral diarrhea viruses type 1 and 2 (bvdv-1, bvdv-2), classical swine fever virus (csfv) and border disease virus (bdv). bvdv-1 and bdv infections have been described in goat species. since 1998, border disease (bd) like symptoms in goats have been reported repeatedly in two southern-most provinces of korea, which until then had been regarded as being free from bd. as a result of retrospective inves ... | 2006 | 16766076 |
| classical swine fever virus replicon particles lacking the erns gene: a potential marker vaccine for intradermal application. | classical swine fever virus replicon particles (csf-vrp) deficient for e(rns) were evaluated as a non-transmissible marker vaccine. a cdna clone of csfv strain alfort/187 was used to obtain a replication-competent mutant genome (replicon) lacking the sequence encoding the 227 amino acids of the glycoprotein e(rns) (a187dele(rns)). for packaging of a187dele(rns) into virus particles, porcine kidney cell lines constitutively expressing e(rns) of csfv were established. the rescued vrp were infectio ... | 2006 | 16777037 |
| in planta production of two peptides of the classical swine fever virus (csfv) e2 glycoprotein fused to the coat protein of potato virus x. | classical swine fever (csfv) is one of the most important viral infectious diseases affecting wild boars and domestic pigs. the etiological agent of the disease is the csf virus, a single stranded rna virus belonging to the family flaviviridae. all preventive measures in domestic pigs have been focused in interrupting the chain of infection and in avoiding the spread of csfv within wild boars as well as interrupting transmission from wild boars to domestic pigs. the use of plant based vaccine ag ... | 2006 | 16792815 |
| "self" and "nonself" manipulation of interferon defense during persistent infection: bovine viral diarrhea virus resists alpha/beta interferon without blocking antiviral activity against unrelated viruses replicating in its host cells. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), together with classical swine fever virus (csfv) and border disease virus (bdv) of sheep, belongs to the genus pestivirus of the flaviviridae. bvdv is either cytopathic (cp) or noncytopathic (ncp), as defined by its effect on cultured cells. infection of pregnant animals with the ncp biotype may lead to the birth of persistently infected calves that are immunotolerant to the infecting viral strain. in addition to evading the adaptive immune system, bvdv evades ... | 2006 | 16809298 |
| molecular epidemiology of african swine fever virus studied by analysis of four variable genome regions. | variable regions of the african swine fever virus genome, which contain arrays of tandem repeats, were compared in the genomes of isolates obtained over a 40-year period. comparison of the size of products generated by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from four different genome regions, within the b602l and kp86r genes and intergenic regions j286l and btsj, placed 43 closely related isolated from europe, the caribbean, west and central africa into 17 different virus sub-groups. sequence analysis ... | 2006 | 16817033 |
| [swine fever and the consequences in dutch veterinary clinics. interview by miel bingen and michael van wijngaarden]. | | 2006 | 16830513 |
| the role of b cells in the immune response to pestivirus (classical swine fever virus). | pigs inoculated with the alfort 187 isolate of classical swine fever (csf) virus were used to study the immunological mechanisms associated with the humoral immune response in the disease. quantitative and qualitative changes in the b-cell population (lambda light chain [c-lambda]-positive, immunoglobulins [ig]-m-positive, and igg-positive were demonstrated in the spleen, thymus and ileocaecal lymph node. blood and serum samples were used to examine changes in leucocytes, albumin/globulin ratios ... | 2006 | 16844443 |
| neuropathologic study of experimental classical swine fever. | the aim of this study was to report on the lesions occurring in the central nervous system (cns) during experimental classical swine fever (csf) to clarify the spatial and chronologic distribution of the lesions and virus antigen in the cns. to learn more about the pathogenetic mechanisms of the lesions during csf in the cns and to investigate the role of the virus in these mechanisms, cellular infiltrates and infected cells have been characterized. twenty-eight pigs were inoculated with the vir ... | 2006 | 16846995 |
| development of a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay with fluorogenic probes to discriminate korean wild-type and vaccine isolates of classical swine fever virus. | a 1-step reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay using taqman minor-groove-binding (mgb) probes was developed to distinguish between vaccine-type and wild-type strains of classical swine fever virus (csfv) in korea. because attenuated korean lom strains have been used in animal vaccination in korea for some time but csf remains a serious problem, there was a need for a practical approach to differentiating vaccine and field strains. we examined the fluorescence of 5 vaccin ... | 2006 | 16850946 |
| african swine fever virus induces filopodia-like projections at the plasma membrane. | when exiting the cell vaccinia virus induces actin polymerization and formation of a characteristic actin tail on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane, directly beneath the extracellular particle. the actin tail acts to propel the virus away from the cell surface to enhance its cell-to-cell spread. we now demonstrate that african swine fever virus (asfv), a member of the asfarviridae family, also stimulates the polymerization of actin at the cell surface. intracellular asfv particles projec ... | 2006 | 16869831 |
| epidemiological survey of viral diseases of pigs in the mekong delta of vietnam between 1999 and 2003. | in the mekong delta, backyard pig rearing plays an integral role in recycling nutrients in farming systems and generating valuable cash income. however, development has been hampered by fatal epizootics of piglets and reproductive failure of sows. diseases are named by symptoms and blindly treated with antibiotics. as antibiotics are often ineffectual, involvement of viral diseases are suspected. to identify the causative agent, we first sero-surveyed porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrom ... | 2006 | 16904851 |
| identification of a novel virulence determinant within the e2 structural glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) e2 glycoprotein contains a discrete epitope (tavspttlr, residues 829-837 of csfv polyprotein) recognized by monoclonal antibody (mab) wh303, used to differentiate csfv from related ruminant pestiviruses, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and border disease virus (bdv), that infect swine without causing disease. progressive mutations were introduced into mab wh303 epitope in csfv virulent strain brescia (bicv) to obtain the homologous amino acid sequence of bvd ... | 2006 | 16908042 |
| phenotype-based identification of host genes required for replication of african swine fever virus. | african swine fever virus (asfv) produces a fatal acute hemorrhagic fever in domesticated pigs that potentially is a worldwide economic threat. using an expressed sequence tag (est) library-based antisense method of random gene inactivation and a phenotypic screen for limitation of asfv replication in cultured human cells, we identified six host genes whose cellular functions are required by asfv. these included three loci, bat3 (hla-b-associated transcript 3), c1qtnf (c1q and tumor necrosis fac ... | 2006 | 16912318 |
| [classical swine fever in germany, in hindsight]. | | 2006 | 16916202 |
| [classical swine fever: holland barely escapes]. | | 2006 | 16916205 |
| mutational analysis of the gdd sequence motif of classical swine fever virus rna-dependent rna polymerases. | to define the function of the gdd motif of the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) of classical swine fever virus (csfv), single amino acid substitutions were introduced into the csfv ns5b. all substitutions within the gdd motif were detrimental to the polymerase activity, the binding activity and the terminal nucleotidyl transferase activity of the ns5b protein. it was also found that the wild-type ns5b had higher rdrp activity with mg(+2) than with mn(+2) whereas some mutants worked better wit ... | 2007 | 16917742 |
| marker vaccine strategies and candidate csfv marker vaccines. | classical swine fever (csf) is an economically important highly contagious disease of swine worldwide. classical swine fever virus (csfv) is its etiological agent, and the only natural hosts are domestic pigs and wild boars. although field csfv strains vary in the virulence, they all result in serious losses in pig industry. highly virulent field strains generally cause acute disease and high mortality; moderately virulent field strains raise subacute or chronic infections; postnatal infection b ... | 2007 | 16934915 |
| african swine fever virus causes microtubule-dependent dispersal of the trans-golgi network and slows delivery of membrane protein to the plasma membrane. | viral interference with secretory cargo is a common mechanism for pathogen immune evasion. selective down regulation of critical immune system molecules such as major histocompatibility complex (mhc) proteins enables pathogens to mask themselves from their host. african swine fever virus (asfv) disrupts the trans-golgi network (tgn) by altering the localization of tgn46, an organelle marker for the distal secretory pathway. reorganization of membrane transport components may provide a mechanism ... | 2006 | 16956944 |
| protein pe120r of african swine fever virus is post-translationally acetylated as revealed by post-source decay maldi mass spectrometry. | post-translational modification of proteins is a key regulatory event in many cellular processes. african swine fever virus (asfv) is a large dna virus that contains about 150 open reading frames (orf) which encode for more than 150 polypeptides, most of them without assigned function. two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2de) followed by post-source decay matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (psd-maldi-ms) revealed that asfv protein pe120r, essential for virus transport ... | 2007 | 16964554 |
| genome comparison of a novel classical swine fever virus isolated in china in 2004 with other csfv strains. | the genome of a novel classical swine fever virus (csfv), swh/ca/2004, isolated from a hog pen in henan province, central china, is 12,296 nucleotides (nt) in length. it is composed of a 373-nt 5' terminal non-translated region (ntr), a 11,697-nt open reading frame (orf) encoding a polyprotein of 3,898 amino acids (aa), and a 226-nt 3'-ntr. genome comparison of the swh/ca/2004 isolate (genbank accession: dq127910) with other known csfv isolates was performed and analyzed. corresponding segments ... | 2006 | 16972026 |
| limited bvdv transmission and full protection against csfv transmission in pigs experimentally infected with bvdv type 1b. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in pigs may interfere with the detection and epidemiology of classical swine fever virus (csfv). to investigate the importance of bvdv infections in pigs, first we studied the transmission dynamics of a recent bvdv field isolate. subsequently, the protection of bvd antibodies against transmission and clinical disease of csf virus was studied. only limited transmission of bvdv occurred (r = 0.20), while no csfv transmission occurred in pigs with bvdv antibodies. ... | 2006 | 16979307 |
| generation of filamentous instead of icosahedral particles by repression of african swine fever virus structural protein pb438l. | the mechanisms involved in the construction of the icosahedral capsid of the african swine fever virus (asfv) particle are not well understood at present. capsid formation requires protein p72, the major capsid component, but other viral proteins are likely to play also a role in this process. we have examined the function of the asfv structural protein pb438l, encoded by gene b438l, in virus morphogenesis. we show that protein pb438l associates with membranes during the infection, behaving as a ... | 2006 | 17005638 |
| a semliki forest virus replicon vectored dna vaccine expressing the e2 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus protects pigs from lethal challenge. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) causes significant losses in pig industry in many countries in asia and europe. the e2 glycoprotein of csfv is the main target for neutralizing antibodies. recently, the replicon of alphaviruses, such as semliki forest virus (sfv), has been developed as replicative expression vectors for gene delivery. in this study, we constructed a plasmid dna based on sfv replicon encoding the e2 glycoprotein of csfv and evaluated its efficacy in rabbits and pigs. the result ... | 2007 | 17007970 |
| the african swine fever virus nonstructural protein pb602l is required for formation of the icosahedral capsid of the virus particle. | african swine fever virus (asfv) protein pb602l has been described as a molecular chaperone for the correct folding of the major capsid protein p72. we have studied the function of protein pb602l during the viral assembly process by using a recombinant asfv, vb602li, which inducibly expresses the gene coding for this protein. we show that protein pb602l is a late nonstructural protein, which, in contrast with protein p72, is excluded from the viral factory. repression of protein pb602l synthesis ... | 2006 | 17035321 |
| renal tubular necrosis and interstitial hemorrhage ("turkey-egg kidney") in a circovirus-infected yorkshire cross pig. | a juvenile yorkshire cross pig with rapidly progressive acute renal failure was submitted for necropsy. there was marked edema and disseminated petechiation of both kidneys, producing the "turkey-egg" appearance that is characteristic of exotic diseases such as african and classical swine fever. microscopic findings included renal tubular epithelial necrosis with extensive interstitial edema and hemorrhage; lymphoplasmacytic, eosinophilic, and histiocytic tubulointerstitial nephritis; and numero ... | 2006 | 17037624 |
| silencing of natural interferon producing cell activation by porcine circovirus type 2 dna. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection of natural interferon producing cells (nipcs) impairs the induction of interferon (ifn)-alpha and tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha by cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine (cpg) oligodeoxynucleotides (odns), thereby preventing both their autocrine maturation and the paracrine maturation of myeloid dendritic cells (dcs). the present study shows that the pcv2-mediated inhibition of nipcs was mediated by viral dna, although it was independent of virus replic ... | 2007 | 17038051 |
| regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by viral a238l-mediated inhibition of p65/rela acetylation and p300 transactivation. | uncontrolled generation of nitric oxide (no) by inducible nitric-oxide synthase (inos) can cause damage to host cells and inflammation, two undesirable events for virus spreading. african swine fever virus (asfv) infection regulates inos-induced gene expression through the synthesis of the a238l virus protein. we here explored the role of a238l, an nf-kappab and nfat inhibitor, in the regulation of inos transcription in macrophages. no production and inos mrna and protein levels as well as inos ... | 2006 | 17041221 |
| macrophage transcriptional responses following in vitro infection with a highly virulent african swine fever virus isolate. | we used a porcine microarray containing 2,880 cdnas to investigate the response of macrophages to infection by a virulent african swine fever virus (asfv) isolate, malawi lil20/1. one hundred twenty-five targets were found to be significantly altered at either or both 4 h and 16 h postinfection compared with targets after mock infection. these targets were assigned into three groups according to their temporal expression profiles. eighty-six targets showed increased expression levels at 4 h post ... | 2006 | 17041222 |
| quadruple antigenic epitope peptide producing immune protection against classical swine fever virus. | research on epitope-based vaccines is a current focus in the development of new vaccines against classical swine fever virus (csfv). the present study aimed to engineer a quadruple antigenic epitope peptide of the csfv immunogen e2 glycoprotein by splice overlap extension (soe) pcr, expressed in e. coli fused with glutathione s-transferase (gst), and named rgst-4e. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blot analysis showed that purified rgst-4e had an excellent immunoreactivity w ... | 2006 | 17050046 |
| sensitivity analysis to evaluate the impact of uncertain factors in a scenario tree model for classical swine fever introduction. | introduction of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is a continuing threat to the pig production sector in the european union. a scenario tree model was developed to obtain more insight into the main risk factors determining the probability of csfv introduction (p(csfv)). as this model contains many uncertain input parameters, sensitivity analysis was used to indicate which of these parameters influence model results most. group screening combined with the statistical techniques of design of expe ... | 2006 | 17054533 |
| validation of a real-time rt-pcr assay for rapid and specific diagnosis of classical swine fever virus. | two new real-time rt-pcr kits developed by lsi (taqvet csf) and adiagene (adiavet csf) obtained a manufacturing agreement in france during the past year. for that purpose, the classical swine fever (csf) national reference laboratory (nrl) planned a schedule of conditions to be fulfilled by commercial real-time rt-pcr assays. the producers were asked to introduce an internal control to check the rna extraction efficacy. the different criteria assessed were: sensitivity, specificity, especially " ... | 2006 | 17058493 |
| bacteriophage t4 nanoparticle capsid surface soc and hoc bipartite display with enhanced classical swine fever virus immunogenicity: a powerful immunological approach. | the phage t4 hoc, soc bipartite display system is attractive for the expression of cdna and display of peptides or proteins at high copy numbers on the phage capsid surface. until recently, using t4 phage vector to display large foreign molecular immunogens resulted only from either an soc or hoc single site. in this report, the main advantages of the phage t4 system over other display technologies are substantiated by using the phage t4 soc, hoc dual site display vector t4-zh(-) to express: (1) ... | 2007 | 17081627 |
| factors critical for successful vaccination against classical swine fever in endemic areas. | classical swine fever (csf) or hog cholera, caused by the classical swine fever virus (csfv), is one of the most important viral diseases that cause serious economic loss to the swine industry worldwide. during the past 5 years, several techniques for measuring porcine cell-mediated immunity (cmi) were applied, in conjunction with other conventional techniques, to study factors that influence the induction of csfv-specific immunity. information, obtained from a series of experiments, demonstrate ... | 2007 | 17097243 |
| n-linked glycosylation status of classical swine fever virus strain brescia e2 glycoprotein influences virulence in swine. | e2 is one of the three envelope glycoproteins of classical swine fever virus (csfv). previous studies indicate that e2 is involved in several functions, including virus attachment and entry to target cells, production of antibodies, induction of protective immune response in swine, and virulence. here, we have investigated the role of e2 glycosylation of the highly virulent csfv strain brescia in infection of the natural host. seven putative glycosylation sites in e2 were modified by site-direct ... | 2007 | 17108025 |
| protection of gruntlings against classical swine fever virus-infection after oral vaccination of sows with c-strain vaccine. | the objective of this study was to investigate the maternal protection of gruntlings derived from wild sows vaccinated orally against classical swine fever (csf) using c-strain vaccine. three vaccinated sows and one unvaccinated control sow were included. challenge infection of the progeny was carried out either intranasally or by contact at the beginning of the third month of life (61-65 days post-natum). whereas, two of three litters had maternal antibodies, the progeny of one vaccinated sow w ... | 2006 | 17123422 |
| first results of detection of prrsv and csfv rna by sybr green i-based quantitative pcr. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) and classical swine fever (csf) cause significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. as both diseases cause similar symptoms, rapid and reliable detection of these diseases is essential for disease surveillance. a quantitative sybr green i-based reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) is described for simultaneous and differential diagnosis. the established rt-pcr for the quantitation of prrsv and csfv cdna was f ... | 2006 | 17123423 |
| a one-step, gel-based rt-pcr assay with comparable performance to real-time rt-pcr for detection of classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever, a notifiable disease to the office international des epizooties (oie), is a highly contagious viral disease affecting both domestic pigs and wild boars. rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of the causing agent classical swine fever virus (csfv) is therefore essential for diagnosis and control of the disease. most protocols for gel-based pcr consist of two steps, reverse transcription followed by pcr. such a protocol is time consuming, laborious and more prone to conta ... | 2007 | 17123637 |
| influence of different diets on growth performance, meat quality, and disease resistance in pig crossbreeds (pie x mc-local) and pie (lw x mc-local). | the present study evaluated the effect of different dietary formulations on the growth rate in pigs and their resistance to infection with hog cholera. results indicate that growth rates can be enhanced by certain formulations and that there is a correlation between this increased growth rate and increased resistance to infection with hog cholera. | 2006 | 17135567 |
| [exclusion of classical swine fever by pcr test]. | | 2006 | 17137224 |
| asfv dna polymerse x is extremely error-prone under diverse assay conditions and within multiple dna sequence contexts. | we previously demonstrated that the dna repair system encoded by the african swine fever virus (asfv) is both extremely error-prone during the single-nucleotide gap-filling step (catalyzed by asfv dna polymerase x) and extremely error-tolerant during the nick-sealing step (catalyzed by asfv dna ligase). on the basis of these findings we have suggested that at least some of the diversity known to exist among asfv isolates may be a consequence of mutagenic dna repair, wherein damaged nucleotides a ... | 2006 | 17144676 |
| detection of classical swine fever vaccine virus in blood and tissue samples of pigs vaccinated either with a conventional c-strain vaccine or a modified live marker vaccine. | attenuated live classical swine fever (csf) viruses are the most efficacious vaccines against the disease. however, little is known about the distribution and detection of csf vaccine viruses in the host. we therefore compared the new recombinant attenuated marker vaccine virus cp7_e2alf with the conventional c-strain vaccine concerning virus isolation, antigen-, and genome-detection in different samples within the first 42 days post-vaccination (p.v.). leukocytes and several organs such as tons ... | 2007 | 17147979 |