| studies on a systemic xenogeneic graft-versus-host reaction model in newborn mice. | a xenogeneic graft-versus-host reaction model is described, evoked in neonatal mice by injection of rat spleen cells, and registered as splenomegaly at day 7. the following arguments are given as support for the idea that the reaction is indeed a graft-versus-host reaction: only living rat cells can give the reaction; rat cells treated with antilymphocyte serum cannot do so. the reaction is of almost the same strength in mice which have thymus dysplasia and are probably incapable of mounting a h ... | 1976 | 10644 |
| gvh-reactive lymphocytes are recruited by sensitized syngeneic initiator t-lymphocytes. | | 1976 | 10652 |
| hydrogen ion activity in the cell. | literature data and results of our experiments evidence for a heterogenous hydrogen distribution in cells. intracellular ph should be regarded as a mean activity of hydrogen ions which is the sum of activities in different phases of a cell. intracellular ph value does not depend on the transmembrane action potential difference, and is resistant to respiratory and metabolic disorders of acid-base equilibrium in the body. it also slightly changes with changing the electrolyte composition and ph of ... | 1976 | 10657 |
| microsomal styrene mono-oxygenase and styrene epoxide hydrase activities in rats. | 1. styrene epoxide formation and styrene epoxide hydration have been studied in liver, lung, kidney, heart, spleen and brain of female and male rats. 2. styrene epoxide formation is nadph-dependent although it is enhanced when nadh is added together with nadp. this enzymic activity is inhibited by metyrapone and skf 525-a but not by the effective inhibitors of epoxide hydrase, 1,2-epoxy-3,3,3-trichloropropene and cyclohexene oxide. 3. known inducers of liver microsomal mono-oxygenases show a dif ... | 1976 | 10684 |
| absorption, distribution and excretion of (quinuclidinyl-3 methyl)-10-phenothiazine (lm 209), a new antihistamine. | 1. the absorption, distribution and elimination of 10-(3-quinuclidinylmethyl)-phenothiazine (lm 209) were studied in the rat and dog after oral or intravenous administration of the 35s-labelled molecule. 2. determinations of radioactivity in the rat and dog confirmed absorption and showed that the blood levels increase in proportion to the dose but remain very low compared with tissue concentrations. these were highest in the liver and lung and persisted at high level for more than 6 h after dos ... | 1976 | 10685 |
| metronidazole (flagyl): degradation by the intestinal flora. | 1. metronidazole (flagyl) is reduced exponentially by the contents of the rat caecum in the absence of oxygen. the rate of removal is highest at ph 7 and 37 degrees. 2. reduction of the drug is inhibited by boiling of the caecal contents, chcl3, cu2+, ag+, azodicarboxylic acid bis-dimethylamide, p-chloromercuric benzoate, n-ethylmaleimide and 4,4,4-trifluoro-1,2-thienyl-1,3-butanedione. nitrate, ethanol (3%), co, phenol and amytal did not affect the rate of reduction. 3. it is concluded that iro ... | 1976 | 10686 |
| on the age dependence of the intracellular proteolysis (author's transl). | we report the age dependent changes of the proteolytic capacity of the rat liver at ph 3.0 and ph 6.0. the total proteolytic activity increases during the whole cycle. during the weanling period the specific activity (mug substrate split x min-1 x mg liver protein-1) rises up to values about 30% higher than those of the remaining lifetime. we found the specific activity in old male animals (18 months) to be lower than in younger ones (5 months). these findings are correct for the liver homogenat ... | 1976 | 10690 |
| cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cgmp): metabolism and its biological role. | | 1976 | 10694 |
| renal excretion of long term sulfonamides under fluid administration and modification of the urinary ph value. | the renal excretion of sulfaclomide, sulfamerazine and sulfamethoxypyridazine is delayed by increased fluid application in rats. the simultaneous administration of sulfonamides and ammonium chloride or sodium hydrogen carbonate causes, respectively, retardation and acceleration of renal sulfonamide excretion which is consistent with the change in urinary ph value. the retarded renal sulfonamide excretion with increasing diuresis is explained by the ensuing change in the urinary ph value. for cli ... | 1976 | 10708 |
| morphology and enzyme aktivity in rat small intestinal epithelium 6 and 12 hrs. after an alkylating agent (cyclophosphamide). | six and twelve hours after a single i.p. dose of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg body weight) the activity of different "brush border enzymes" (maltase, sucrase lactase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase) and of a lysosomal enzyme (acid phosphatase) did not change. in vivo absorption of galactose was not diminished by the treatment. the pattern of response to cyclophosphamide seems to be different in spf and gf rats. the response of crypt epithelium (cell number, mitotic number, mitot ... | 1976 | 10711 |
| effect of acute ischemia on cyclic amp levels and other parameters in the cytosol and in mitochondria of hypertrophied and nonhypertrophied hearts. | | 1976 | 10718 |
| introduction to part ii of the hypertension symposium. prorenin, renal hypertension; diuretics and hyperlipidemia; angiotensin receptors and blocking drugs; a new treatment system. | | 1976 | 10726 |
| beta-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs in spontaneous hypertension. | eleven beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents and derivatives were evaluated for their ability to affect systolic arterial blood pressure and pulse rate in unanesthetized, male spontaneously hypertensive rats (shrs) and normotensive wistar kyoto (wky) controls. animals ranged from 7 to 76 weeks of age. the subcutaneous injection of 5 and 45 mg/kg metoprolol in 52 to 64 week old shrs and 45 mg/kg twice a day to 26 to 29 week old shrs produced a significant decrease in blooc pressure. the subcut ... | 1976 | 10729 |
| glutamine synthetase and glutamyltransferase in the kidney of man, dog, and rat. | glutamine synthetase (gs) is known to exist in the kidney of the rat, guinea pig, rabbit, and sheep but not in that of the dog, pig, cat, or pigeon. no data is available in man. assay of histologically normal renal tissue obtained in human subjects during surgery for abdominal vascular disease failed to demonstrate significant gs activity. in addition, l-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase (gt) activity was also very low. the same results were observed in the dog, in which both gs and gt activit ... | 1976 | 10736 |
| a sensitive and specific tritium release assay for dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (dbetah) in serum. | | 1976 | 10754 |
| prevention of stress ulcer by vitamin a. experimental study in rats. | 71 male rats (whitstar strain) are submitted to restraint. 37 of them were receiving twice an injection of 10 000 i.u. of vitamin a in order to protect them against the occurence of stress ulcer. untreated animals are used as controls. incidence of obtained ulcer is compared with the variation of vitamin a serum concentration, classicaly decreased in stress. analysis of individual results shows that, if parenteral administration was followed either by restitution of the initial serum concentrati ... | 1976 | 10797 |
| propoxyphene napsylate. | propoxyphene napsylate differs from the hydrochloride salt in several ways. it is much less soluble and bitter and poses few stability problems when capsulated or tableted with aspirin. there is some evidence in several animal species that the pattern and severity of poisoning may be different with the two salts. equimolar doses of the two salts are probably interchangeable in the relief of pain. the role of propoxyphene in clinical medicine and the questions of propoxyphene abuse and propoxyphe ... | 1976 | 10824 |
| localization and characteristics of rat liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenases. | | 1976 | 10852 |
| a highly sensitive radiometric assay for zoxazolamine hydroxylation by liver microsomal cytochrome p-450 and p-448: properties of the membrane-bound and purified reconstituted system. | | 1976 | 10855 |
| inhibition of adjuvant arthritis by histamine. | histamine was injected subcutaneously to rats at doses of 2--10 mg/kg, twice daily for various periods after an intradermal adjuvant injection into one hind paw. the administration of histamine prevented the appearance of the secondary lesion in the noninjected paw, but did not affect the primary swelling of the injected paw or the established secondary lesion. the histamine effect was dose-dependent with the most effective time of administration being from the 5th to the 10th day after adjuvant ... | 1976 | 10859 |
| effects of propranolo, itramin tosylate and dipyridamole on myocardial phosphate metabolism in anoxic perfused rat hearts. | effects of propranolo, itramin tosylate and dipyridamole on coronary flow, cardiac activity and phosphate metabolism were investigated in anoxic perfused rat hearts. during anoxia, heart contractions showed a transient increase followed by gradual declines in amplitude and frequency, while atp and creatine phosphate (cp) contents strikingly decreased accompanying a pronounced increase in inorganic phosphate (pi). propranolol added to the anoxic perfusate attenuated the decrease in cp and increas ... | 1976 | 10860 |
| studies concerning dopamine diuresis in the rat. | dopamine is both diuretic and saluretic in the conscious rat. the diuretic effect does not appear to be beta-receptor mediated, but rather may be the result of a combination of alpha- and dopaminergic receptor stimulation. conclusive proof for the existence of the latter, however, must await the discovery of a more selective peripheral dopamine-receptor stimulant than is dopamine per se. | 1976 | 10862 |
| selective blocking properties of chloro acetyl catechol (cac) on the alpha-adrenergic receptor. | in anesthetized rats and cats chloro acetyl catechol (cac, 10 mg/kg i.v. and 10-15 mg/kg i.v., respectively) selectively blocked the arterial hypertensive responses to epinephrine. no adrenergic blockade was produced by cac in rats pretreated with 20 mg/kg i.p. of the compound 24 hr before the experiment. norepinephrine-induced contractions of the rat vas deferens and the rat seminal vesicles in vitro were blocked by cac 10(-4) m. the blockade was prevented by the simultaneous addition of norepi ... | 1976 | 10863 |
| organ distribution of rat histidine-pyruvate aminotransferase isoenzymes. | the organ distribution of rat histidine-pyruvate aminotransferase isoenzymes 1 and 2 was examined by using an isoelectric-focusing technique. isoenzyme 1 (pi8.0) is present only in the liver and its activity is increased by the injection of glucagon, whereas isoenzyme 2 (pi5.2) is distributed in all tissues (liver, kidney, brain and heart) tested, and is not affected by glucagon injection. isoenzyme 2 of the liver, kidney, brain and heart was purified by the same procedure and characterized. iso ... | 1976 | 10888 |
| guanylate cyclase. subcellular distribution in cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, cerebral cortex and liver. | 1. guanylate cyclase of every fraction studied showed an absolute requirement for mn2+ ions for optimal activity; with mg2+ or ca2+ reaction was barely detectable. triton x-100 stimulated the particulate enzyme much more than the supernatant enzyme and solubilized the particulate-enzyme activity. 2. substantial amounts of guanylate cyclase were recovered with the washed particulate fractions of cardiac muscle (63-98%), skeletal muscle (77-93%), cerebral cortex (62-88%) and liver (60-75%) of vari ... | 1976 | 10890 |
| properties of particulate, membrane-associated and soluble guanylate cyclase from cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, cerebral cortex and liver. | 1. guanylate cyclase of washed particles and plasma membranes showed s-shaped progress curves when titrated with either gtp or mn2+ ions; similar results were obtained with triton x-100-solubilized enzyme preparation from washed particles. hill plots of these data revealed multiple metal-nucleotide and free-metal binding sites. 2. guanylate cyclase of supernatant fractions displayed typical michaelis-menten properties when enzyme required excess of (free) mn2+ (over gtp) for maximal activities; ... | 1976 | 10891 |
| the effects of diphenyleneiodonium and of 2,4-dichlorodiphenyleneiodonium on mitochondrial reactions. mechanism of the inhibition of oxygen uptake as a consequence of the catalysis of the chloride/hydroxyl-ion exchange. | 1. increasing the substrate concentration only decreased the inhibition of mitochondrial oxidations by diphenyleneiodonium or by 2,4-dichlorophenyleneiodonium by a small amount. 2. diphenyleneiodonium and 2,4-dichlorodiphenyleneiodonium lowered the amounts of succinate, citrate and glutamate accumulated in the matrix of mitochondria in the presence of cl-, but not in its absences. 2,4-dichlorodiphenyleneiodonium decreased the accumulation of substrates by mitochondria oxidizing glycerol 3-phosph ... | 1976 | 10893 |
| stimulatory effect of fmn and methyl viologen on cytochrome p-450 dependent reduction of tertiary amine n-oxide. | | 1976 | 10902 |
| two different gamma-glutamyltransferases during development of liver and small intestine: a fetal (sialo-) and an adult (asialo-) glycoprotein. | | 1976 | 10903 |
| translation of messenger rna specific for tyrosine aminotransferase in oocytes of xenopus laevis. | | 1976 | 10910 |
| direct action of melatonin on testosterone and cyclic gmp production using rat testis tissue in vitro. | | 1976 | 10919 |
| phospholipid-induced activation of tyrosine hydroxylase from rat brain striatal synaptosomes. | | 1976 | 10922 |
| inhibition of indoleamine-n-methyltransferase by 2,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydropyrrololo1,2-apyrimidine. | | 1976 | 10923 |
| activation of tyrosine hydroxylase in rat striatal slices by k+-depolarization--effect of ethanol. | | 1976 | 10925 |
| catecholamine synthesis, storage and release in adrenal medulla and whole brain during acute and chronic methadone administration. | | 1976 | 10926 |
| tazolol (1-isopropylamino-3-(2-thiazoloxy)-2-propanol) as a beta-adrenergic blocker. | | 1976 | 10927 |
| phenobarbital-induced prolongation of half-life and alteration of distribution of a phenothiazine drug metabolite in the rat. | | 1976 | 10928 |
| hepatic triglyceride lipases--effect of clofibrate and halofenate. | | 1976 | 10929 |
| metabolism of lorazepam. | the metabolism of lorazepam by man and four other species is reviewed. lorazepam and its metabolites in blood, urine and faeces were identified by thin-layer and gas chromatography and by mass spectrometry. the principal metabolite in man, dog, pig and cat is the glucuronide, but the rat produces other metabolites after small doses of lorazepam, and significant amounts of the glucuronide only after high doses. since all metabolites, except the glucuronide, occur in small quantities only in man, ... | 1976 | 10938 |
| a review of the animal pharmacology of labetalol, a combined alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor-blocking drug. | 1 the animal pharmacology of labetalol, a drug that blocks both alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors, is reviewed. 2 in isolated tissues the blockade by labetalol of both alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors satisfied accepted critera for competitive antagonism. in contrast phentolamine was a competitive antagonist at alpha-adrenoreceptors only, and propranolol a competitive antagonist at beta-adrenoreceptors only. labetalol was 6-10 times less potent than phentolamine in blocking alpha-adrenoreceptors an ... | 1976 | 10948 |
| properties and subcellular distribution of guanylate cyclase activity in rat renal medulla: correlation with tissue content of guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate. | the properties of the guanylate cyclase systems of outer and inner medulla of rat kidney were examined and compared with those of the renal cortex. a gradation in steady-state cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cgmp) levels was observed in incubated slices of these tissues (inner medula greater than outer medulla greater than cortex). this correlated with the proportion of total guanyl cyclase activity in the 100 000 g particulate fraction of each tissue, but was discordant with the relative ... | 1976 | 10967 |
| ammonia production and pathways of glutamine utilization in rat kidney slices. | ammonia production from glutamine was studied in slices from non-acidotic and acidotic rat kidneys. slices from non-acidotic kidneys made 53% as much ammonia from d-glutamine as from l-glutamine during the initial 15 min of incubation. thereafter the production rate from the l-isomer accelerated while that from the d-isomer remained constant. the accelerated rate of ammonia production from l-glutamine was dependent upon tissue swelling since prevention of swelling reduced the production rate. sw ... | 1976 | 10971 |
| effect of imidazole on renal gluconeogenesis. | the metabolic effects of imidazole were tested in rat renal cortex. imidazole enhanced the activity of renal cortical phosphodiesterase in vitro. imidazole inhibited glucose production in a dose-dependent fashion from a variety of substrates in the gluconeogenic pathway proximal to the triose phsophates. the stimulation in renal gluconeogenesis resulting from isoproterenol and parathyroid hormone was inhibited by imidazole. these changes correlated with an inhibition of the augmented levels of r ... | 1976 | 10972 |
| localization and some properties of lysosomal dipeptidases in rat liver. | 1. the rates of hydrolysis of 26 synthetic dipeptides by extracts from highly purified lysosomal fractions from rat liver at ph 5.0 and by whole liver homogenates at ph 7.4 have been determined. extracts from the lysosomal fractions hydrolysed most peptides at a lower rate per mg protein than the homogenates, and some peptides not at all. 2. properties of two dipeptidases present in the extracts from the lysosomal fractions, splitting ile-glu and leu-gly, respectively, were studied in greater de ... | 1976 | 10975 |
| the uptake of choline by rat liver mitochondria. | 1. rat liver mitochondria can accumulate choline against a concentration gradient. maximally about 30 nmol choline per mg mitochondrial protein are found in the matrix space. 2. the process of choline uptake is biphasic. after a rapid uptake of 1.5-15 nmol per mg protein, a slower uptake occurs if an energy supply is present. in the absence of energy, only the rapid uptake is found. 3. the inhibition of uncoupler-stimulated choline oxidation by cations is the result of an inhibition of choline u ... | 1976 | 10984 |
| studies on phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase (phospholipase c type) of bacillus cereus. i. purification, properties and phosphatase-releasing activity. | a phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase from the culture broth of bacillus cereus, was purified to a homogeneous state as indicated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, by ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography with deae-cellulose and cm-sephadex. the enzyme (molecular weight: 29000 +/- 1000) was maximally active at ph 7.2-7.5, and not influenced by edta, ophenanthroline, monoiodoacetate, p-chloromercuribenzoate or reduced glutathione. the enzyme specifically hydrolyzed phosphatidy ... | 1976 | 10986 |
| properties of microsomal phospholipases in rat liver and hepatoma. | phospholipase a1, a2 and lysophospholipase activities in microsomes of novikoff hepatoma host rat liver and regenerating rat liver were compared using 1-9', 10'-3h2palmitoyl-2-1'-14c linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1-1' -3h-hexadecyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, and 1-9', 10'-3h2palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine as substrates. 1. microsomes of all three tissues showed two ph dependent peaks of hydrolytic activity, one at ph 7.5 and another at ph 9.5. 2. phospholi ... | 1976 | 10988 |
| membrane lipids and metabolic processes. | | 1976 | 11004 |
| induction of tyrosine aminotransferase by blastomogenic metabolites of tryptophan and tyrosine. | a comparitive study was made of the effect produced by endogenous blastomogenic agents (3-oxyanthranylic and paraoxphenyl-lactic acids) and their nonblastomogenic anaogues (anthranylic and phenyl-lactic acids) on the activity of tyrosine-aminotranspherase in the rat liver. blastomogenic metabolites proved to be capable of inducing sharply the enzyme activity. this phenomenon and data on the role played by the increase in the activity of tyrosine-aminotranspherase and tryptophane-oxygenase in tyr ... | 1976 | 11010 |
| effect of cocaine on the tyrosine hydroxylase of rat hypothalamus. | the influence of cocaine on tyrosine hydroxilase of rat brain hypothalamus was investigated in vivo (0.5 mg/kg) and in vitro (10(--6)--10(--5)m). cocaine was used as a substance with a known adrenergic type of action. it was shown that under standard conditions cocaine in vitro increased the enzyme activity and decreased the km for dmph4 cofactor without changing vmax of the reaction analyzed by the membrane enzyme. cocaine in vitro decreased the tyrosine hydroxylase activity, especially that of ... | 1976 | 11011 |
| effects of cadmium exposure on rat kidneys. | | 1976 | 11015 |
| some complementary data on ah 5158, an inhibitor of both alpha-and beta-adrenoceptors proceedings. | | 1976 | 11020 |
| neuronal responses to adrenoceptor agonists in the cerebral cortex: evidence for excitatory alpha-adrenoceptors and inhibitory beta-adrenoceptors proceedings. | | 1976 | 11021 |
| effects of p-chloro-beta-phenylethylamine on the uptake and release of putative amine neurotransmitters in rat brain proceedings. | | 1976 | 11022 |
| central and peripheral inhibition of the milk-ejection reflex: studies with beta-adrenoceptor antagonists proceedings. | | 1976 | 11026 |
| effect of surgical isolation of the hypothalamus on its neurotransmitter content. | the concentrations of norepinephrine, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, dopamine, tyrosine hydroxylase, phenylethanolamine-n-methyltransferase, serotonin, tryptophan hydroxylase, histamine, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and choline acetyltransferase were determined in selected hypothalamic nuclei and in the median eminence after deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus. norepinephrine and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase fell markedly while dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase did not. serotonin also decr ... | 1976 | 11035 |
| effects of gonadectomy and thyroidectomy on the tyrosine hydroxylase activity in individual hypothalamic nuclei and lower brain stem catecholaminergic cell groups of the rat. | | 1976 | 11036 |
| propranolol induces acute natriuresis by beta blockade and dopaminergic stimulation. | dl-propranolol (0.8-1.6 mg/kg - h for 1 h) produced a transient two- to three-fold increase in sodium excretion in nondiuretic rats infused with pitressin and aldosterone and in water diuretic rats. sodium excretion increased more in rats depleted of renin by chronic doca and salt administration than in rats maintained on a low salt diet. an angiotensin inhibitor (1,sarcosine-8,valine angiotensin ii) decreased sodium excretion. therefore the natriuresis was not mediated by antidiuretic hormone, ... | 1976 | 11039 |
| differences in the altered energy metabolism of hemorrhagic shock and hypoxemia. | the effect of hemorrhagic shock, hypoxemia, and anoxia on the levels of adenine and pyridine nucleotides of liver and kidney was assessed. atp levels in liver and kidney of animals in shock or animals subjected to 7 min of anoxia decreased by 85 and 73%, respectively. under hypoxic conditions (arterial po2 at 18 mmhg), the decrease was only 62 and 48% in liver and kidney, respectively. tissue nad levels decreased and nadh levels increased during shock but were found to be essentially unaltered d ... | 1976 | 11040 |
| reduction in brain tyrosine hydroxylase activity following acetylcholinesterase blockade in rats. | activation of cholinergic neurons in the brain is produced by administration of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors physostigmine and diisopropylfluorophosphate (dfp). this activation has a biphasic effect on tyrosine hydroxylase (ec 4.14.3-) activity. the acute effect of dfp, 1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, or physostigmine, 0.2 mg/kg, intravenously, or 10 mug, intraventricularly, was a rapid reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the hypothalamus. the activities of dopa decarboxylase (ec 4. ... | 1976 | 11041 |
| flight muscle contraction in relations to ambient temperature in some species of desert bats. | | 1977 | 11062 |
| the influence of high dietary fat levels on protein utilization by the trout, (salmo gairdnerii). | | 1977 | 11063 |
| studies of the effect of ouabain, ethacrynic acid and photoxidation on the mg2+-dependent, and na+-k+-dependent atpases from rat skeletal muscle. | | 1976 | 11072 |
| tranquilizers. pharmacologic aspects. | an inventory was made of the various substances utilized as minor tranquillizers in man. throughout the various methods of study of these drugs in animals the main pharmacological properties of tranquillizing drugs were considered. attention is drawn on the various secondary or adverse effects of minor tranquillizers. | 1976 | 11091 |
| progesterone metabolism in vitro by rabbit testes at different stages of development. | testicular homogenates from white rabbits of 0.4, 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 18, and 24 months of age were incubated with 3hprogesterone and nadph. at 12 days of age, major c21-17-oh-and c19- steroids formed from progesterone were 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone. however, at 4-24 months of age, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 3beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one, and 5alpha-reduced c19-steroids such as 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one, 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-17-one, and 5alph ... | 1976 | 11094 |
| the fate of acth released from rat anterior pituitary into the incubation medium in vitro: enzymatic degradation and acid activation. | the bioactivity of acth released from isolated rat anterior pituitary glands into the incubation medium was determined. after the pituitaries were removed, acth activity in the medium decreased exponentially during further incubation at 37degreesc. the loss of acth activity was temperature- and ph-dependent and inhibited both by protease inhibitor (trasylol) and by preheating. crude tissue extracts from median eminence, cerebral cortex and liver similarly inhibited the loss of acth activity. the ... | 1976 | 11096 |
| differential response control by isopropamide: a peripherally induced discriminative cue. | the peripherally acting anticholinergic drug isopropamide (0.02 mg/kg s.c.) is shown to produce a discriminative stimulus complex in rats. in rats trained to discriminate isopropamide from saline, dexetimide and methylscopolamine were generalized with isopropamide treatment. the results indicate that drug discrimination learning does not necessarily require a central drug action. | 1975 | 11104 |
| antiarrhythmic action of a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent, 6-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylaminopropyloxy)-benzothiazole succinate (kf-577), compared with that of propranolol. | the antiarrhythmic activity of a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent, 6-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylaminopropyloxy)-benzothiazole succinate (kf-577), was compared with that of propranolol. kf-577 antagonized ouabain-induced arrhythmias in normal and bilaterally vagotomized guinea pigs; its antagonistic activity was equal to that of propranolol. reserpinization greatly reduced ouabain intoxication and neither of the two beta-blockers produced further reduction. aconitine-induced arrhythmias in rats were ... | 1976 | 11105 |
| effects of drugs on the formation of homovanillic acid in the rat retina. | homovanillic acid (hva) levels were measured in the eye and the corpus striatum of rats under normal conditions and after different drug treatments. neuroleptic agents such as clozapine, cis-flupenthixol and haloperidol induced comparable increases in hva levels, whereas the non-neuroleptic trans-isomer of flupenthixol was inactive in both structures. apomorphine decreased hva levels in the retina and the corpus striatum, while amphetamine induced a decreased hva formation in the retina and did ... | 1976 | 11106 |
| relationship between the prevention of rat gastric erosions and the inhibition of acid secretion by prostaglandins. | the formation of gastric mucosal erosions induced by indomethacin in the rat was inhibited in a time- and dose-dependent manner by antisecretory prostaglandins, the methyl analogues of pge2 being 400 times as active as the parent prostaglandin. pga2, a methyl analogue of pgf2alpha and the h2-receptor antagonist metiamide, also inhibited erosion formation. there was a variable relationship between the doses required to inhibit erosions and to inhibit gastric acid secretion. in the anaesthetised r ... | 1976 | 11107 |
| centrally induced reduction in sympathetic tone-a postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor-stimulating action of imidazolines. | naphazoline or oxymetazoline (both 30 mug/kg) were injected into the cisterna magna of anaesthetized cats and reduced blood pressure, heart rate and the electrical discharge rate of small fibre bundles of the preganglionic sympathetic splanchnic nerve. cats were depleted of endogenous noradrenaline by pretreatment with reserpine (5 mg/kg, 18 h) and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (twice 300 mg/kg, 18 and 2 h). in these animals, intracisternal injection of 30 mug/kg oxymetazoline exerted a decrease of sy ... | 1976 | 11108 |
| contribution of granulocytopenia to endotoxin sensitivity of mice irradiated or undergoing graft-versus-host reaction. | animals compromised by irradiation or graft-versus-host reaction (gvhr) are highly sensitive to endotoxin (et). in order to determine the causes of the increased sensitivity of compromised mice, we studied alterations of hepatic (central) and bloodborne (peripheral) et clearance processes. we observed that increased sensitivity to et, as determined by mortality, occurred shortly after irradiation and correlated with granulocytopenia nd thrombocytopenia rather than with impairment of liver functi ... | 1976 | 11109 |
| acid mucopolysaccharides in fibroblast cultures. 1. influence of cell density, ph-value and lactate concentration on the mps distribution pattern. | from cells and culture media of embryonic rat fibroblasts (1st subculture) the acid mucopolysaccharides were isolated and fractionated. the per cent calculation of the 6 fractions was based on the content of glucuronic acid. the cultures were maintained as follows: 0.5 x 10(6) to 3 x 10(6) cells were examined in demeter flasks at ph 7.4 or 6.6; lactate concentration was enhanced to 100 mg%. the amount of each fraction was correlated with the cell density (linear regression). the ph-value and lac ... | 1976 | 11111 |
| acid mucopolysaccharides in fibroblast cultures. 2. 35s-sulfate incorporation kinetics in dependence on ph-value and cell density. | cultures of embryonic rat fibroblasts were incubated with 35s-sulfate at ph 6.6 and 7.4 (eagle basal medium plus hepes buffer) for 12 to 48 hours. the acid mucopolysaccharides were isolated and fractionated after the method of svejcar and robertson. sulfate incorporation was determined by liquid scintillation counting. | 1976 | 11112 |
| beta-adrenergic receptors in rat myocardium: direct detection by a new fluorescent beta-blocker. | a new fluorescent beta-blocker, 9-amino-acridin propranolol (9-aap), was administered i.v. to rats. multiple fluorescent 9-aap binding sites were observed on cardiac muscle cells in frozen sections. intensity and density of cardiac 9-aap fluorescence were markedly reduced following pretreatment with (+/-)- and (-)-propranolol but not with (+)-propranolol. our findings suggest that 9-aap may label beta-adrenergic receptor sites in rat myocardium. | 1976 | 11117 |
| effect of liver damage by thioacetamide on microsomal aromatization of testosterone in rats (author's transl). | rat liver microsomes, nadph-regenerating system, and 1beta, 2beta-3h-testosterone have been incubated in vitro. the loss of tritium from the steroid, associated with aromatization of testosterone, was linear with time for 20 min and required nadph. pre-treatment of the rats with thioacetamide raised the liberation of tritium from 1beta, 2beta-3h-testosterone. the results suggest that liver damage by thioacetamide in rats may give rise to increased aromatization of testosterone. | 1976 | 11122 |
| hormonal regulation of liver mitochondrial pyruvate carrier in relation to gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis. | | 1976 | 11133 |
| comparison of the effectiveness of deserpidine, reserpine, and alpha-methyltyrosine on brain biogenic amines. | | 1976 | 11134 |
| reduction of the graft-versus-host reactivity of mouse and rat spleen cells by 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione. | the local graft-versus-host reaction as evaluated by the popliteal lymph node enlargement was used for studying the immunosuppressive potency of placental steroid 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione. spleen cells from virgin female mice and rats injected subcutaneously with this steroid compound produced in appropriate f1 recipients a significantly weaker reaction (p less than 0.001) than spleen cells from untreated or medium-treated control animals. on the other hand, the pretreatment of cell donors e ... | 1976 | 11136 |
| inhibition of intestinal iron absorption by laundry starch. | the pathogenesis of iron deficiency anemia associated with amylophagia is usually attributed to dietary iron lack. however, large quantities of starch may inhibit intestinal iron absorption. accordingly, studies were carried out to determine the effect of laundry starch on the intestinal absorption of inorganic and hemoglobin iron. in vitro, laundry starch bound 19 to 80% of the available 59feso4 and 34 to 68% of the available 59fe-hemoglobin. binding of both forms of iron was ph-dependent, with ... | 1976 | 11141 |
| isolated mammalian hepatocytes in culture. | | 1976 | 11143 |
| effect of fundusectomy on serum and antral gastrin levels in rats. | in adult male rats, fundusectomy decreased acid secretion but significantly increased total antral gastrin and both fasting and food-stimulated serum gastrin levels. the rise in fasting serum gastrin could be inhibited by antral acidification, suggesting that decreased acidity caused postfundusectomy hypergastrinemia. the mechanism for the increase in total gastrin in antral tissue is probably the same. these studies provide a useful experimental model for the increasing of antral gastrin and fo ... | 1977 | 11147 |
| isolation and characterization of four peptide hydrolases from the cytosol of rat intestinal mucosa. | the high speed supernatant fluid prepared from rat intestinal mucosa was subjected to ion-exchange chromatography on diethlaminoethyl-cellulose eluted with a linear gradient of sodium chloride (0 to 0.27 m). assay of eluted fractions for phe-gly hydrolase activity revealed four distinct peaks of enzyme activity. these cytosol enzymes have been designated i, ii, iii, and iv in order of their elution from the column. examination of the substrate specificity of the four enzymes by use of 20 mm pept ... | 1977 | 11149 |
| effect of size of morris hepatoma 5123d on gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity in serum and urine. | close correlation between the size of morris hepatoma 5123d implanted in the hind limb of rat and serum gamm-glutamyltranspeptidase activity was found. the tumour implanted in both hind legs of the rat resulted in about twofold increase of the serum enzyme activity. the growth of the hepatoma resulted also in a significant increase in the enzyme activity in urine of the tumour-bearing rats. after surgical removal of the leg with hepatoma a rapid decrease in the enzyme activity in both the studie ... | 1976 | 11152 |
| experimental anti-arrhythmic effects of a new beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent, dl-l-(tert. butylamino)-3-(2-propinyloxy)phenoxy2-propanol hydrochloride (dl kö 1400-cl). | antiarrhythmic property of a new adrenergic beta-blocking agent, dl-1-(tert.butylamino)-3(2-propinyloxy) phenoxy-2-propanol hydrochloride (kö 1400-cl) was studied, using 1) ouabain-induced arrhythmia in the guinea pig, 2) aconitine-induced arrhythmia in the rat, 3) arrhythmia induced by two-step ligation of coronary artery (harris's method) in the dog and 4) halothane-adrenaline arrhythmia in the dog and was compared with those of propranolol, oxprenolol, procainamide and ajmaline. procainamide ... | 1976 | 11153 |
| teratogenic damages of the male genital organs. | 1. malformations and functional disturbances of the male genitalia may be caused by teratogens. 2. a short review of the prenatal development points out the possible sites of action. 3. in animals some distinct teratogens produce typical malformation syndromo spermatogenetic cells. cyproteronacetat, an antiandrogen, suppresses the development of the accessoric genital organs and produces an external feminisation. 4. in man, cryptorchidism, agenesis of the spermatic tracts, anorchia and hypospady ... | 1976 | 11158 |
| a sensitive fluorometric determination of catechol methyltransferase activity (author's transl). | a method for the determination of catechol-methyltransferase activity is described, based on the measurement of fluorometric intensity of 7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin (scopoletin), enzymatically produced by dihydroxycoumarin in the presence of the methyl donor s-adenosylmethionine. | 1976 | 11164 |
| isoelectric focusing of complex protein mixtures in the nanogram range in microgels (author's transl). | a method is described for isolectric focusing of complex protein mixtures in 2, 5 or 10 mul capillaries. for one separation only 15- 50 ng of a protein mixture is needed. isoelectric focusing is finished after 10 min, staining takes 20 min and destaining approximately 30 min. using defined mixtures of servalyt from different ph ranges, isoelectric focusing can be adapted to the protein sample to be fractionated. protein peaks separated by isoelectric focusing can be electrophoretically eluted an ... | 1976 | 11166 |
| rat liver cells in culture: effect of storage, long-term culture, and transformation on some enzyme levels. | aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (ahh) and tyrosine aminotransferase (tat) activities were determined in rat liver cell lines after frozen storage, long-term culture, and transformation in vitro. levels of ahh activity after 17 months in frozen storage were comparable to levels prior to freezing. during long-term culture the ahh levels of the cell lines tended to decrease. transformed lines had variable levels of ahh activity. cell lines retained measurable tat activity following long-term culture a ... | 1976 | 11177 |
| macromolecular binding of estradiol in the rat liver:part i-the nuclear binding component. | | 1976 | 11183 |
| macromolecular binding of estradiol in the rat liver:part ii-the soluble cytoplasmic binding component. | | 1976 | 11184 |
| large-scale purification and characterization of the exotoxin of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the exotoxin (pe) of pseudomonas aeruginosa was purified from 50-liter cultures by a simple three-step procedure, yielding 135 mg of essentially homogeneous protein. in ouchterlony gel diffusion, pe produces a single line which does not interact with a diphtheria toxin-antitoxin precipitin line. the protein has a molecular weight of 66,000, an isoelectric point of 5.1, n-terminal arginine, and four disulfide bridges. the amino acid composition shows no apparent similarity to that of diphtheria t ... | 1976 | 11187 |
| prolactin in male reproduction. | prolactin (prl), a peptide hormon from the hypophysis, becomes more interesting, since it can be determined by radioimmunassays. the release of prolactin is controlled by two not yet identified factors, the prolactin-releasing-factor and the prolactin-inhibiting-factor. the latter predominantes. many pharmacological substances can alter the release. the normal serum levels in the man are 6-13 ng/ml. prolactin affects many organs, f.e. kidney, mamma, ovary, testis, hepar and skin. for clinical te ... | 1976 | 11197 |
| adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis in rat dental tissues. a histochemical study of ion dependencies. | the effect of edta-decalcification, reactivating and activating procedures on the hydrolysis of atp was studied histochemically in developing dental tissues in the rat. the incubation media contained lead citrate at alkaline ph and lead nitrate at neutral ph, and the results with atp as substrate were compared with those obtained with beta-glycerophosphate. the ion dependency of atp hydrolysis could only be ascertained in decalcified sections. as in earlier studies on the hydrolysis of beta-glyc ... | 1976 | 11199 |
| an improved histofluorescence procedure for freeze-dried paraffin-embedded tissue based on combined formaldehyde-glyoxylic acid perfusion with high magnesium content and acid ph. | a technique is described for highly sensitive and precise visualization of central catecholamine systems in paraffin sections of freeze-dried tissue. the procedure is based on perfusion of the animal with a solution containing formaldehyde and/or glyoxylic acid, in the presence of a very high magnesium content (40 g mgso4/150 ml solution) and acid ph. the perfused tissue is rapidly frozen, freeze-dried, treated with formaldehyde vapours (at +80 degrees c for 1 h), embedded in parffin in vacuo, a ... | 1976 | 11200 |
| temperature dependence of cholesterol binding to cytochrome p-450scc of the rat adrenal. effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cycloheximide. | a type i absorbance change is observed in suspensions of adrenal cortical mitochondria as the temperature is increased from 0-22 degrees. this "heat-generated" type i absorbance change is similar in magnitude to the pregnenolone-induced type ii absorbance change of these mitochondria. studies with inhibitors of cholesterol side chain cleavage indicate that the heat-generated type i absorbance change represents the specific interaction of cytochrome p-450scc with endogenous cholesterol in the mit ... | 1976 | 11217 |
| energy-dependent calcium transport in endoplasmic reticulum of adipocytes. | the endoplasmic reticulum from isolated rat adipocytes has the ability to actively accumulate calcium. the calcium uptake was characterized using the 20,000 x g supernatant (s1 fraction) of total cellular homogenate. endoplasmic reticulum vesicles isolated from the s1 fraction as a 160,000 x g microsomal pellet prior to testing demonstrated little ability to accumulate calcium. the calcium uptake in the s1 fraction was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum vesicles by morphologic appearance, by ... | 1976 | 11219 |
| brush border motility. microvillar contraction in triton-treated brush borders isolated from intestinal epithelium. | the brush border of intestinal epithelial cells consists of an array of tightly packed microvilli. within each microvillus is a bundle of 20-30 actin filaments. the basal ends of the filament bundles are embedded in and interconected by a filamentous meshwork, the terminal web, which lies directly beneath the microvilli. when calcium and atp are added to isolated brush borders that have been treated with the detergent, triton x-100, the microvillar filament bundles rapidly retract into and throu ... | 1976 | 11222 |
| ph-dependent binding of immunoglobulins to intestinal cells of the neonatal rat. | rat and rabbit igg immunoglobulins conjugated to horseradiah peroxidase as a histochemical marker bind at 0 degrees c to the luminal surface of absorptive cells in isolated segments of jejunum from 10-12-day old rats. binding is observed at ph 6.0, near the normal luminal ph of the duodenum and jejunum at this age, but not at ph 7.4. furthermore, no binding occurs when cells are exposed at ph 6.0 to either free peroxidase or peroxidase conjugated to chicken or sheep igg immunoglobulins or bovine ... | 1976 | 11223 |
| acyl specificity in triglyceride synthesis by lactating rat mammary gland. | we have studied the specificity of the acyl-coa:diglyceride acyltransferase reaction in lactating rat mammary gland to provide a rational explanation at the enzyme level for the nonrandom distribution of fatty acids in milk fat triglycerides. acyl-coa:diglyceride acyltransferase activity was measured using various diglyceride and radioactive acyl-coa substrates; products were identified as triglycerides by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. most of the enzymatic activity was located in th ... | 1976 | 11264 |