| high prevalence of prion protein genotype associated with resistance to chronic wasting disease in one alberta woodland caribou population. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a prion disease found in deer, elk and moose in north america and since recently, wild reindeer in norway. caribou are at-risk to encounter cwd in areas such as alberta, canada, where the disease spreads toward caribou habitats. cwd susceptibility is modulated by species-specific polymorphisms in the prion protein gene (prnp). we sequenced prnp of woodland caribou from 9 albertan populations. in one population (chinchaga) a significantly higher frequency of the 1 ... | 2017 | 28350512 |
| de novo generation of a unique cervid prion strain using protein misfolding cyclic amplification. | substantial evidence supports the hypothesis that prions are misfolded, infectious, insoluble, and protease-resistant proteins (prp(res)) devoid of instructional nucleic acid that cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses). protein misfolding cyclic amplification (pmca) has provided additional evidence that prpres acts as a template that can convert the normal cellular prion protein (prp(c)) present in uninfected normal brain homogenate (nbh) into the infectious misfolded prp(res) is ... | 2017 | 28144628 |
| the structure of mammalian prions and their aggregates. | prion diseases, such as creutzfeldt-jakob disease in humans, bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle, chronic wasting disease in cervids (i.e., deer, elk, moose, and reindeer), and sheep scrapie, are caused by the misfolding of the cellular prion protein (prp(c)) into a disease-causing conformer (prp(sc)). prp(c) is a normal, gpi-anchored protein that is expressed on the surface of neurons and other cell types. the structure of prp(c) is well understood, based on studies of recombinant prp, w ... | 2017 | 28109330 |
| horizontal transmission of chronic wasting disease in reindeer. | we challenged reindeer by the intracranial route with the agent of chronic wasting disease sourced from white-tailed deer, mule deer, or elk and tested for horizontal transmission to naive reindeer. reindeer were susceptible to chronic wasting disease regardless of source species. horizontal transmission occurred through direct contact or indirectly through the environment. | 2016 | 27869594 |
| early and non-invasive detection of chronic wasting disease prions in elk feces by real-time quaking induced conversion. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a fatal prion disease of wild and captive cervids in north america. prions are infectious agents composed of a misfolded version of a host-encoded protein, termed prpsc. infected cervids excrete and secrete prions, contributing to lateral transmission. geographical distribution is expanding and case numbers in wild cervids are increasing. recently, the first european cases of cwd have been reported in a wild reindeer and two moose from norway. therefore, methods ... | 2016 | 27829062 |
| first case of chronic wasting disease in europe in a norwegian free-ranging reindeer. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a fatal contagious prion disease in cervids that is enzootic in some areas in north america. the disease has been found in deer, elk and moose in the usa and canada, and in south korea following the importation of infected animals. here we report the first case of cwd in europe, in a norwegian free-ranging reindeer in southern norway. the origin of the disease is unknown. until now a low number of cervids, and among them a few reindeer, have been tested for cwd i ... | 2016 | 27641251 |
| caribou consumption in northern canadian communities. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse) found in both farmed and wild deer, elk, and moose in the united states and canada. surveillance efforts in north america identified the geographical distribution of the disease and mechanisms underlying distribution, although the possibility of transmission to other cervids, including caribou, and noncervids, including humans, is not well understood. because of the documented importance of caribou (rangifer tarandu ... | 2016 | 27556568 |
| potential role of soil properties in the spread of cwd in western canada. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a horizontally transmissible prion disease of free ranging deer, elk and moose. recent experimental transmission studies indicate caribou are also susceptible to the disease. cwd is present in southeast alberta and southern saskatchewan. this cwd-endemic region is expanding, threatening manitoba and areas of northern alberta and saskatchewan, home to caribou. soil can serve as a stable reservoir for infectious prion proteins; prions bound to soil particles remain ... | 2016 | 24618673 |
| experimental oral transmission of chronic wasting disease to reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | chronic wasting disease (cwd), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cervids, remains prevalent in north american elk, white-tailed deer and mule deer. a natural case of cwd in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) has not been reported despite potential habitat overlap with cwd-infected deer or elk herds. this study investigates the experimental transmission of cwd from elk or white-tailed deer to reindeer by the oral route of inoculation. ante-mortem testing of the three reindeer expose ... | 2012 | 22723928 |
| the role of genetics in chronic wasting disease of north american cervids. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a major concern for the management of north american cervid populations. this fatal prion disease has led to declines in populations which have high cwd prevalence and areas with both high and low infection rates have experienced economic losses in wildlife recreation and fears of potential spill-over into livestock or humans. research from human and veterinary medicine has established that the prion protein gene (prnp) encodes the protein responsible for transmi ... | 2012 | 22460693 |
| sentinels in a climatic outpost: endoparasites in the introduced muskox (ovibos moschatus wardi) population of dovrefjell, norway. | we assessed the occurrence of endoparasite eggs, cysts, oocysts and larvae in the muskox population of dovrefjell, norway, during june and august 2012. this population originates from 13 calves translocated from eastern greenland during the 1950s. a total of 167 faecal samples were collected, of which 49% came from identified individuals: 165 were examined by the baermann and 95 by mcmaster techniques and 167 by immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat). lungworm larvae recovered in the baermanns ... | 2014 | 25161914 |
| traditional living habits of the taz tundra population: a paleoparasitological study. | an excavation of the vesakoyakha ii-iv and nyamboyto i burial grounds was conducted during the 2014 field season, and soil samples from intact burials dating from the 19th and 20th centuries, respectively, were analyzed to determine interactions between parasites and host/vectors. considering the discovery of diphyllobothrium sp. and taenia sp. eggs in soil samples from the pelvic region, diphyllobothriasis was the most frequent helminthic infection among the taz nenets. the nyamboyto nenets mai ... | 2016 | 27853118 |
| echinococcus canadensis transmission in the north. | the echinococcus granulosus complex (eg) is the causative agent of cystic echinococcosis (ce). northern cervid echinococcus was previously suggested to be the ancestor of the entire eg. during the last century, it was regarded to have three (or four) different, but often overlapping, transmission cycles in the circumpolar north: the original wolf-wild cervid (reindeer or elk)-cycle; the semi-synanthropic cycle involving sled and hunting dogs and wild cervids; and the synanthropic cycle involving ... | 2015 | 26264249 |
| surveillance for echinococcus canadensis genotypes in canadian ungulates. | the geographic and host distribution, prevalence and genotypes of echinococcus canadensis in wild ungulates in canada are described to better understand the significance for wildlife and public health. we observed e. canadensis in 10.5% (11/105) of wild elk (wapiti; cervus canadensis) in riding mountain national park, manitoba, examined at necropsy, over two consecutive years (2010-2011). molecular characterization of hydatid cyst material from these elk, as well as three other intermediate wild ... | 2013 | 24533321 |
| a nearctic parasite in a palearctic host: parelaphostrongylus andersoni (nematoda; protostrongylidae) infecting semi-domesticated reindeer in alaska. | parelaphostrongylus andersoni is a muscle-dwelling protostrongylid nematode that infects caribou and white-tailed deer across north america, and can cause significant muscular and pulmonary pathology in these species. we collected 44 fecal samples from semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) from the kakarak herd of western seward peninsula, alaska, usa. this herd has no record of historical contact and extremely limited possibility of contemporary contact with native grant's car ... | 2013 | 24533324 |
| density-dependent effects in a parasitic nematode, elaphostrongylus rangiferi, in the snnail intermediate host. | density-dependent effects in elaphostrongylus rangiferi, a parasitic nematode in the cns and muscular system of reindeer, were studied in a laboratory population of the snail intermediate host, arianta arbustorum. the rates in parasite growth, development and mortality were all affected by parasite density. the effects on growth and development were, however, much more marked, than the effect on mortality.all density-dependent rates were intensified by decreasing snail size, and by snail starvat ... | 1984 | 28311635 |
| first detection and genotyping of enterocytozoon bieneusi in reindeers (rangifer tarandus): a zoonotic potential of its genotypes. | enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common pathogen of 14 microsporidian species infecting humans worldwide. in china, e. bieneusi has been reported in some common livestock and environmental specimens. however, no information is available on occurrence of e. bieneusi in reindeers. the objective of the present study was to detect and genotype e. bieneusi in reindeers in china, and assess the zoonotic potential. | 2015 | 26458271 |
| bacterial genomics reveal the complex epidemiology of an emerging pathogen in arctic and boreal ungulates. | northern ecosystems are currently experiencing unprecedented ecological change, largely driven by a rapidly changing climate. pathogen range expansion, and emergence and altered patterns of infectious disease, are increasingly reported in wildlife at high latitudes. understanding the causes and consequences of shifting pathogen diversity and host-pathogen interactions in these ecosystems is important for wildlife conservation, and for indigenous populations that depend on wildlife. among the key ... | 2016 | 27872617 |
| characteristics of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157 in slaughtered reindeer from northern finland. | fecal samples collected from 470 slaughtered reindeer 6 to 7 months of age were screened by real-time pcr (after enrichment) for shiga toxin genes (stx) and then for escherichia coli serogroup o157. shiga toxin genes were found frequently (>30% of samples), and serogroup o157 was detected in 20% of the stx-positive samples. from these samples, a total of 25 e. coli o157:h(-) isolates (nonmotile but pcr positive for flich7) were obtained. twenty-four of these e. coli o157:h(-) isolates did not fe ... | 2017 | 28207302 |
| presence of foodborne pathogens, extended-spectrum β-lactamase -producing enterobacteriaceae, and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in slaughtered reindeer in northern finland and norway. | various food-producing animals were recognized in recent years as healthy carriers of bacterial pathogens causing human illness. in northern fennoscandia, the husbandry of semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) is a traditional livelihood and meat is the main product. this study determined the presence of selected foodborne pathogens, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae in healthy semi-domestic ... | 2017 | 28049493 |
| a survey of tularemia in wild mammals from fennoscandia. | a total of 2696 wild mammals from fennoscandia were surveyed for tularemia. francisella tularensis was not detected in livers/spleens or kidneys from any of the 1992 small rodents captured in norway and denmark as judged by one or more of the following methods: cultivation, immunofluorescence microscopy and inoculation in laboratory mice. serologic examination of 704 wild mammals from norway, finland and sweden demonstrated 11 cases of antibody titers. agglutinating antibodies were demonstrated ... | 1977 | 24228959 |
| hepatitis e virus seroprevalence in free-ranging deer in canada. | hepatitis e virus infection (hev) is an important public health concern not only in traditional endemic areas, but also in some industrialized countries where both domesticated and wild animals have been recognized as potential zoonotic reservoirs implicated in hev transmission. while the prevalence of infection in the deer population in europe and asia has been thoroughly investigated, it remains largely undetermined in north america. we assessed the presence of hev in three different species o ... | 2016 | 26752436 |
| divergent parasite faunas in adjacent populations of west greenland caribou: natural and anthropogenic influences on diversity. | gastrointestinal parasite diversity was characterised for two adjacent populations of west greenland caribou (rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) through examinations of abomasa and small intestines collected from adult and subadult females during late winter. three trichostrongyline (trichostrongylina: nematoda) species were identified from the abomasa, although none were recovered from the small intestines, with faunal composition differing between the caribou populations. in caribou from kangerl ... | 2013 | 24533335 |
| disease transmission in an extreme environment: nematode parasites infect reindeer during the arctic winter. | parasitic nematodes are found in almost all wild vertebrate populations but few studies have investigated these host-parasite relationships in the wild. for parasites with free-living stages, the external environment has a major influence on life-history traits, and development and survival is generally low at sub-zero temperatures. for reindeer that inhabit the high arctic archipelago of svalbard, parasite transmission is expected to occur in the summer, due to the extreme environmental conditi ... | 2012 | 22705063 |
| development and application of a delayed-release anthelmintic intra-ruminal bolus system for experimental manipulation of nematode worm burdens. | in order to quantify the impact of parasites on host population dynamics, experimental manipulations that perturb the parasite-host relationship are needed but, logistically, this is difficult for wild hosts. here, we describe the use of a delayed-release anthelmintic delivery system that can be administered when the hosts can be captured and its activity delayed until a more appropriate period in the host-parasite cycle. our model system is svalbard reindeer infected with a nematode parasite, m ... | 2012 | 22417532 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in several herds of arctic caribou (rangifer tarandus ssp.). | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is a common pathogen in domestic ruminants that causes granulomatous inflammation of the small intestine leading to emaciation and wasting. clinical disease (johne's disease) is also reported for several wild ruminant species. between 2007 and 2009 we collected 561 fecal samples from caribou (rangifer tarandus ssp.) representing 10 herds of migratory caribou, two herds of caribou from greenland, and three populations of boreal woodland caribo ... | 2012 | 23060493 |
| the modification and evaluation of an elisa test for the surveillance of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in wild ruminants. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is often used to test wildlife samples for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection. however, commercially available kits are only validated for use with domestic ruminant species. a literature review was performed to document the current use of map serum elisa in wild and semi-domestic ruminants. we then modified and evaluated a commercial elisa kit (idexx mycobacterium paratuberculosis antibody test kit) for use with species for whic ... | 2013 | 23302439 |
| an unusual presentation of mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis infection in a captive tundra reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | this report describes an unusual presentation of paratuberculosis in a captive, 4-year-old female tundra reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). the gross and histological presentation was consistent with clinical paratuberculosis as previously reported for other ruminants, with poor body condition, subcutaneous oedema, granulomatous ileitis (multibacillary), mesenteric lymphadenitis and hepatitis. however, this animal also presented with unusual lung lesions, with necrosis and mineralization sim ... | 2013 | 23290384 |
| evaluation of serodiagnostic assays for mycobacterium bovis infection in elk, white-tailed deer, and reindeer in the united states. | in 2011, the united states department of agriculture conducted a project in which elk (cervus elaphus spp.), white-tailed deer (wtd) (odocoileus virginianus), and reindeer (rangifer tarandus) were evaluated by the single cervical tuberculin test (sct), comparative cervical tuberculin test (cct), and serologic tests. the rapid antibody detection tests evaluated were the cervidtb stat-pak (stat-pak), and the dual path platform vettb (dpp). blood was collected from presumably uninfected animals pri ... | 2012 | 22792512 |
| comparison of virokine from camel pseudocowpoxvirus (pcpv) with interleukin 10 of the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | cellular interleukin-10 (il-10) gene from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the healthy dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) and viral il-10 (vil-10) from the skin scabs of the dromedary camels infected with contagious ecthyma (a parapoxviral infection in the camels) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned and characterized. sequence analysis revealed that the open reading frame (orf) of dromedarian camel il-10 is 537 bp in length, encoding 178 amino acid polypeptide while o ... | 2013 | 23306428 |
| experimental parapoxvirus infection (contagious ecthyma) in semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | contagious ecthyma (contagious pustular dermatitis, orf) occurs world-wide in sheep and goats and is caused by orf virus (genus parapoxvirus, family poxviridae). contagious ecthyma outbreaks have been described in semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in sweden, finland and norway, occasionally with high mortality. fourteen one-year-old reindeer were corralled in mid-april. one week after arrival, two animals received a commercial live orf virus vaccine for sheep (scabivax(®)) ... | 2013 | 23201244 |
| parasites, stress and reindeer: infection with abomasal nematodes is not associated with elevated glucocorticoid levels in hair or faeces. | stress hormones (glucocorticoids), incorporated into hair/fur and faeces, have been proposed as biomarkers of overall health in wildlife. although such biomarkers may be helpful for wildlife conservation and management, their use has rarely been validated. there is a paucity of studies examining the variation of stress hormones in mammals and how they relate to other health measures, such as parasitism. parasites are ubiquitous in wildlife and can influence the fitness of individual animals and ... | 2016 | 27957334 |
| obligate larval inhibition of ostertagia gruehneri in rangifer tarandus? causes and consequences in an arctic system. | larval inhibition is a common strategy of trichostrongylidae nematodes that may increase survival of larvae during unfavourable periods and concentrate egg production when conditions are favourable for development and transmission. we investigated the propensity for larval inhibition in a population of ostertagia gruehneri, the most common gastrointestinal trichostrongylidae nematode of rangifer tarandus. initial experimental infections of 4 reindeer with o. gruehneri sourced from the bathurst c ... | 2012 | 22953998 |
| development and availability of the free-living stages of ostertagia gruehneri, an abomasal parasite of barrenground caribou (rangifer tarandus groenlandicus), on the canadian tundra. | climate change in the arctic is anticipated to alter the ecology of northern ecosystems, including the transmission dynamics of many parasite species. one parasite of concern is ostertagia gruehneri, an abomasal nematode of rangifer ssp. that causes reduced food intake, weight loss, and decreased pregnancy rates in reindeer. we investigated the development, availability, and overwinter survival of the free-living stages of o. gruehneri on the tundra. fecal plots containing o. gruehneri eggs were ... | 2012 | 22717158 |
| predicting shifts in parasite distribution with climate change: a multitrophic level approach. | climate change likely will lead to increasingly favourable environmental conditions for many parasites. however, predictions regarding parasitism's impacts often fail to account for the likely variability in host distribution and how this may alter parasite occurrence. here, we investigate potential distributional shifts in the meningeal worm, parelaphostrongylosis tenuis, a protostrongylid nematode commonly found in white-tailed deer in north america, whose life cycle also involves a free-livin ... | 2013 | 23666800 |
| characterization of gm-csf-inhibitory factor and uracil dna glycosylase encoding genes from camel pseudocowpoxvirus. | the present study describes the pcr amplification of gm-csf-inhibitory factor (gif) and uracil dna glycosylase (udg) encoding genes of pseudocowpoxvirus (pcpv) from the indian dromedaries (camelus dromedarius) infected with contagious ecthyma using the primers based on the corresponding gene sequences of human pcpv and reindeer pcpv, respectively. the length of gif gene of pcpv obtained from camel is 795 bp and due to the addition of one cytosine residue at position 374 and one adenine residue a ... | 2015 | 25816930 |
| probiotic dosing of ruminococcus flavefaciens affects rumen microbiome structure and function in reindeer. | highly cellulolytic bacterial species such as ruminococcus flavefaciens are regarded essential for the microbial breakdown of cellulose in the rumen. we have investigated the effect of ruminal dosing of r. flavefaciens strain 8/94-32 during realimentation of starved reindeer (males, n = 3). microbiome function measured as in situ digestion of cellulose and food pellets (percent dmd; dry matter disappearance) decreased after probiotic dosing. microbial community analyses (>100,000 16s rdna gene s ... | 2013 | 23959114 |
| morphological and molecular characteristics of four sarcocystis spp. in canadian moose (alces alces), including sarcocystis taeniata n. sp. | individual sarcocysts were isolated from fresh or alcohol-fixed muscle samples of two moose from alberta, canada, and examined by light (lm) and scanning electron microscopy (sem) and molecular methods, comprising polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification and sequencing of the complete18s rrna gene and the partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene (cox1). by lm, four sarcocyst types were recognized, and the sequencing results showed that each type represented a distinct species, i.e. sarco ... | 2014 | 24535735 |
| phylogenetic relationships among sarcocystis species in cervids, cattle and sheep inferred from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene. | coccidian parasites in the genus sarcocystis have a two-host life cycle, and have traditionally been identified on the basis of morphological features of the sarcocyst stage in their intermediate hosts. additional molecular species identification, delimitation and phylogeny of sarcocystis spp. have been based mainly on the nuclear ssrrna gene. this gene is well suited for discrimination between more distant species but less so for closely related species. the objective of this study was therefor ... | 2013 | 23542092 |
| sarcocystis species in red deer revisited: with a re-description of two known species as sarcocystis elongata n. sp. and sarcocystis truncata n. sp. based on mitochondrial cox1 sequences. | in a previous investigation, five sarcocystis species were described from norwegian red deer and believed to be conspecific with species occurring in either reindeer or moose based on sarcocyst morphology and nucleotide sequences of the nuclear ribosomal dna unit. the aim of the present study was to characterize numerous isolates of these sarcocyst types at the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene (cox1) in order to corroborate or refute previous species designations of sarcocystis ... | 2014 | 24230915 |
| detection and molecular characterization of the mosquito-borne filarial nematode setaria tundra in danish roe deer (capreolus capreolus). | setaria tundra is a mosquito-borne filarial nematode of cervids in europe. it has recently been associated with an emerging epidemic disease causing severe morbidity and mortality in reindeer and moose in finland. here, we present the first report of s. tundra in six roe deer (capreolus capreolus) collected between october 2010 and march 2014 in denmark. the deer originated from various localities across the country: the eastern part of the jutland peninsular and four locations on the island zea ... | 2017 | 28229043 |
| a lymphatic dwelling filarioid nematode, rumenfilaria andersoni (filarioidea; splendidofilariinae), is an emerging parasite in finnish cervids. | recent studies revealed expansion of filarioid nematodes into northern finland. in addition to setaria tundra, an abundant filarioid, rumenfilaria andersoni, was found inhabiting the lymphatic vessels of reindeer. our study explores the dynamics of the rapid geographic expansion of r. andersoni, defining prevalence and density of microfilariae among 4 new cervid host species in finland while developing a context for host-parasite ecology in fennoscandia and more broadly in the arctic and boreal ... | 2015 | 25884201 |
| defining parasite biodiversity at high latitudes of north america: new host and geographic records for onchocerca cervipedis (nematoda: onchocercidae) in moose and caribou. | onchocerca cervipedis is a filarioid nematode of cervids reported from central america to boreal regions of north america. it is found primarily in subcutaneous tissues of the legs, and is more commonly known as 'legworm'. blackflies are intermediate hosts and transmit larvae to ungulates when they blood-feed. in this article we report the first records of o. cervipedis from high latitudes of north america and its occurrence in previously unrecognized host subspecies including the yukon-alaska m ... | 2012 | 23110962 |
| the rudolph sign of nasal vestibular furunculosis: questions raised by this common but under-recognized nasal mucocutaneous disorder. | nasal vestibular furunculosis is a mucocutaneous disorder commonly seen in the general population. despite its prevalence in clinical practice, it has been inconsistently described and labeled in the medical literature. we present a case of nasal vestibular furunculosis presenting as recurrent exquisitely tender unilateral erythema and edema of the nasal tip (i.e., the rudolph sign--as in rudolph the red nosed reindeer). this symptom complex responded rapidly to topical intranasal mupirocin oint ... | 2012 | 22483517 |
| invasion, establishment, and range expansion of two parasitic nematodes in the canadian arctic. | climate warming is occurring at an unprecedented rate in the arctic and is having profound effects on host-parasite interactions, including range expansion. recently, two species of protostrongylid nematodes have emerged for the first time in muskoxen and caribou on victoria island in the western canadian arctic archipelago. umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis, the muskox lungworm, was detected for the first time in 2008 in muskoxen at a community hunt on the southwest corner of the island and by ... | 2013 | 23828740 |
| epidemiology of the lymphatic-dwelling filarioid nematode rumenfilaria andersoni in free-ranging moose (alces alces) and other cervids of north america. | moose (alces alces) are a culturally and economically valued species in minnesota, where the northeast population has decreased by 60 % since 2006. the cause of the decline is currently unclear; however, parasites, predation, and climate change have all been implicated. nematode parasites are important pathogens in north american moose, potentially causing severe disease and mortality. recent spread of rumenfilaria andersoni, a filarioid nematode of moose, has been documented in finnish cervids; ... | 2016 | 27519789 |
| testing predator-prey theory using broad-scale manipulations and independent validation. | a robust test of ecological theory is to gauge the predictive accuracy of general relationships parameterized from multiple systems but applied to a new area. to address this goal, we used an ecosystem-level experiment to test predator-prey theory by manipulating prey abundance to determine whether predation was density dependent, density independent, compensatory or depensatory (inversely density dependent) on prey populations. understanding the nature of predation is of primary importance in c ... | 2015 | 26101058 |
| using predator-prey theory to predict outcomes of broadscale experiments to reduce apparent competition. | apparent competition is an important process influencing many ecological communities. we used predator-prey theory to predict outcomes of ecosystem experiments aimed at mitigating apparent competition by reducing primary prey. simulations predicted declines in secondary prey following reductions in primary prey because predators consumed more secondary prey until predator numbers responded to reduced prey densities. losses were exacerbated by a higher carrying capacity of primary prey and a long ... | 2015 | 25905509 |
| space-use behaviour of woodland caribou based on a cognitive movement model. | movement patterns offer a rich source of information on animal behaviour and the ecological significance of landscape attributes. this is especially useful for species occupying remote landscapes where direct behavioural observations are limited. in this study, we fit a mechanistic model of animal cognition and movement to gps positional data of woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou; gmelin 1788) collected over a wide range of ecological conditions. the model explicitly tracks individual a ... | 2015 | 25714592 |
| european bison as a refugee species? evidence from isotopic data on early holocene bison and other large herbivores in northern europe. | according to the refugee species concept, increasing replacement of open steppe by forest cover after the last glacial period and human pressure had together forced european bison (bison bonasus)--the largest extant terrestrial mammal of europe--into forests as a refuge habitat. the consequent decreased fitness and population density led to the gradual extinction of the species. understanding the pre-refugee ecology of the species may help its conservation management and ensure its long time sur ... | 2015 | 25671634 |
| ungulate saliva inhibits a grass-endophyte mutualism. | fungal endophytes modify plant-herbivore interactions by producing toxic alkaloids that deter herbivory. however, studies have neglected the direct effects herbivores may have on endophytes. antifungal properties and signalling effectors in herbivore saliva suggest that evolutionary pressures may select for animals that mitigate the effects of endophyte-produced alkaloids. here, we tested whether saliva of moose (alces alces) and european reindeer (rangifer tarandus) reduced hyphal elongation an ... | 2014 | 25055816 |
| multi-trophic resource selection function enlightens the behavioural game between wolves and their prey. | 1. habitat selection strategies translate into movement tactics, which reckon with the predator-prey spatial game. strategic habitat selection analysis can therefore illuminate behavioural games. cover types at potential encounter sites (i.e. intersections between movement paths of predator and prey) can be compared with cover types available (i) within the area of home-range-overlap (hro) between predator and prey; and (ii) along the path (mp) of each species. unlike the hro scale, cover-type a ... | 2013 | 23701257 |
| polymorphisms and variants in the prion protein sequence of european moose (alces alces), reindeer (rangifer tarandus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and fallow deer (dama dama) in scandinavia. | the prion protein (prp) sequence of european moose, reindeer, roe deer and fallow deer in scandinavia has high homology to the prp sequence of north american cervids. variants in the european moose prp sequence were found at amino acid position 109 as k or q. the 109q variant is unique in the prp sequence of vertebrates. during the 1980s a wasting syndrome in swedish moose, moose wasting syndrome (mws), was described. snp analysis demonstrated a difference in the observed genotype proportions of ... | 2012 | 22441661 |
| biomonitoring of selected persistent organic pollutants (pcdd/fs, pcbs and pbdes) in finnish and russian terrestrial and aquatic animal species. | the finnish and russian animal species (semi-domesticated reindeer, finnish wild moose, baltic grey seal and baltic herring) samples were biomonitored in terrestrial and aquatic environments for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (pcdd/fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and polybrominated diphenylethers (pbdes). | 2016 | 27752440 |
| fatty acid composition of birds and game hunted by the eastern james bay cree people of québec. | indigenous peoples have traditionally relied on foods hunted and gathered from their immediate environment. the eastern james bay cree people consume wild game and birds, and these are believed to provide health as well as cultural benefits. | 2016 | 27495903 |
| cadmium and other elements in tissues from four ungulate species from the mackenzie mountain region of the northwest territories, canada. | tissue samples from four ungulate species from the south mackenzie mountain region of the northwest territories (nt), canada, were analysed for stable and radioactive elements and (15)n and (13)c stable isotopes. elevated cd concentrations in moose (alces americanus) kidney have been observed in the region and are a health care concern for consumers of traditional foods. this study examined the factors associated with, and potential renal effects from, the accumulation of cadmium, and interactio ... | 2016 | 27240258 |
| alternative prey use affects helminth parasite infections in grey wolves. | predators affect prey populations not only through direct predation, but also by acting as definitive hosts for their parasites and completing parasite life cycles. understanding the affects of parasitism on prey population dynamics requires knowing how their predators' parasite community is affected by diet and prey availability. ungulates, such as moose (alces americanus) and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), are often important prey for wolves (canis lupus), but wolves also consume ... | 2016 | 27155132 |
| new applications of adaptogens to reduce radiation side effects. | one of the live medical issues today is to find medication to prevent adverse effects of ionizing radiation on the immune and hematopoietic systems. in yakutia where in most of its regions the overall environmental situation is getting worse due to the development of natural deposits including radioactive deposits, this problem remains vital. the purpose of this work is to study radioprotective properties of adaptogens in the case of the hematopoietic system under irradiation. the studies were c ... | 2015 | 26887117 |
| polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in caribou, moose, and wolf scat samples from three areas of the alberta oil sands. | impacts of toxic substances from oil production in the alberta oil sands (aos), such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), have been widely debated. studies have been largely restricted to exposures from surface mining in aquatic species. we measured pahs in woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou), moose (alces americanus), and grey wolf (canis lupus) across three areas that varied in magnitude of in situ oil production. our results suggest a distinction of pah level and source profil ... | 2015 | 26284348 |
| a spatial theory for characterizing predator-multiprey interactions in heterogeneous landscapes. | trophic interactions in multiprey systems can be largely determined by prey distributions. yet, classic predator-prey models assume spatially homogeneous interactions between predators and prey. we developed a spatially informed theory that predicts how habitat heterogeneity alters the landscape-scale distribution of mortality risk of prey from predation, and hence the nature of predator interactions in multiprey systems. the theoretical model is a spatially explicit, multiprey functional respon ... | 2015 | 26224710 |
| varestrongylus eleguneniensis sp. n. (nematoda: protostrongylidae): a widespread, multi-host lungworm of wild north american ungulates, with an emended diagnosis for the genus and explorations of biogeography. | a putative new species of varestrongylus has been recently recognized in wild north american ungulates based on the its-2 sequences of larvae isolated from feces during a wide geographic survey. no taxonomic description was provided, as adult specimens were not examined. | 2014 | 25518883 |
| the earliest case of extreme sexual display with exaggerated male organs by two middle jurassic mecopterans. | many extant male animals exhibit exaggerated body parts for display, defense or offence in sexual selection, such as male birds of paradise showing off colorful and elegant feathers and male moose and reindeers bearing large structured antlers. for insects, male rhinoceros and stag beetles have huge horn-like structure for fighting and competition and some male leptopanorpa scorpionflies have very long abdominal terminal segments for sexual display and competition. fossil records of insects havi ... | 2013 | 23977031 |
| spatio-temporal dynamics in the response of woodland caribou and moose to the passage of grey wolf. | predators impact prey populations not only by consuming individuals, but also by altering their behaviours. these nonlethal effects can influence food web properties as much as lethal effects. the mechanisms of nonlethal effects include chronic and temporary anti-predator behaviours, the nature of which depends on the spatial dynamics of predators and the range over which prey perceive risk. the relation between chronic and ephemeral responses to risk determines predator-prey interactions, with ... | 2014 | 23859231 |
| evaluation of two quantitative pcr assays using bacteroidales and mitochondrial dna markers for tracking dog fecal contamination in waterbodies. | this study describes a comparative performance evaluation of two qpcr assays targeting a dog-associated bacteroidales 16s rrna genetic marker (canbac-ucd) and a dog mitochondrial dna (mtdna) marker. the same fecal and environmental samples were assayed for the two markers thereby allowing direct comparison. a wide range of non-target species including, human, pig, horse, deer, mountain goat, bison, caribou, and moose were tested. marker persistence was also monitored in freshwater microcosms. bo ... | 2012 | 23041493 |
| parasites in ungulates of arctic north america and greenland: a view of contemporary diversity, ecology, and impact in a world under change. | parasites play an important role in the structure and function of arctic ecosystems, systems that are currently experiencing an unprecedented rate of change due to various anthropogenic perturbations, including climate change. ungulates such as muskoxen, caribou, moose and dall's sheep are also important components of northern ecosystems and are a source of food and income, as well as a focus for maintenance of cultural traditions, for northerners. parasites of ungulates can influence host healt ... | 2012 | 22726643 |
| diet overlap among ruminants in fennoscandia. | information on overlap in resource use is central to understanding of interspecific exploitation competition and resource partitioning. despite this, measures of diet overlap among northern ruminants in fennoscandia is limited to one earlier study (reindeer and sheep). diet overlap between sympatric moose and roe deer calculated with schoener's index was 20.7% and 33.6% during summer (data from one area) and winter (data from two areas), respectively, whereas average diet overlap between moose a ... | 2000 | 28308406 |
| on the tragedy of the commons: when predation and livestock loss may improve the economic lot of herders. | this paper studies the practice of semi-domestic reindeer (rangifer t. tarandus) herding in finnmark county in northern norway. in this area, the saami reindeer herders compete for space and grazing areas and keep large herds, while at the same time, the reindeer population is heavily exposed to carnivore predation by the lynx (lynx lynx), the wolverine (gulo gulo), and the golden eagle (aquila chrysaetos). it is demonstrated that predation actually may improve the economic lot of livestock hold ... | 2017 | 28361495 |
| the arteries of brain base in species of the cervid family. | the aim of the article was to describe the pattern of main arteries at the encephalon base, their connections, and varieties. this study included 106 specimens of the head and cerebral arteries of the following eight species of the cervid family: reindeer, chital, eld's deer, wapiti, sika deer, fallow deer, pere david's deer or milu, and reeve's or chinese muntjac. the arteries of the animals under study were filled with acetone-dissolved stained vinyl superchloride or stained latex lbs3060. the ... | 2015 | 25399744 |
| a protein a/g indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of anti-brucella antibodies in arctic wildlife. | a species-independent indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa) based on chimeric protein a/g was established for the detection of anti-brucella antibodies in arctic wildlife species and compared to previously established brucellosis serological tests for hooded seals (cystophora cristata), minke whales (balaenoptera acutorostrata), sei whales (balaenoptera borealis), fin whales (balaenoptera physalus), and polar bears (ursus maritimus), as well as bacteriology results for reindeer and ... | 2013 | 23572454 |
| sámi reindeer herders' perspective on herbivory of subarctic mountain birch forests by geometrid moths and reindeer: a case study from northernmost finland. | geometrid moths and semi-domesticated reindeer are both herbivores which feed on birch leaves in the subarctic mountain birch forests in northern fennoscandia. the caterpillars of autumnal and winter moths have episodic outbreaks, which can occasionally lead to extensive defoliation of birch forests. earlier studies have shown that reindeer have a negative effect on the regeneration of defoliated birches by grazing and browsing their seedlings and sprouts. | 2015 | 25825690 |
| cost-effective control strategies for animal and zoonotic diseases in pastoralist populations. | animal diseases and zoonoses abound among pastoralist livestock, which is composed of cattle, sheep, goats, yak, camels, llamas, reindeer, horses and donkeys. there is endemic and, periodically, epidemic transmission of highly contagious viral and bacterial diseases in africa, asia and latin america. pastoralist livestock is often multiparasitised with endo- and ectoparasites, as well as being affected by vectorborne viral and protozoal diseases. pastoral livestock can be a reservoir of such dis ... | 2016 | 27917989 |
| first insight into the faecal microbiota of the high arctic muskoxen (ovibos moschatus). | the faecal microbiota of muskoxen (n=3) pasturing on ryøya (69° 33' n 18° 43' e), norway, in late september was characterized using high-throughput sequencing of partial 16s rrna gene regions. a total of 16 209 high-quality sequence reads from bacterial domains and 19 462 from archaea were generated. preliminary taxonomic classifications of 806 bacterial operational taxonomic units (otus) resulted in 53.7-59.3 % of the total sequences being without designations beyond the family level. firmicute ... | 2016 | 28348861 |
| [horse, cow and reindeer were converted into arctic domestic animals]. | domestic animal production in the arctic region is often thought to be based exclusively on reindeer herding. there are, however, regions in northern europe and siberia having a long tradition in rearing breeds of cattle and horse adapted to the northers conditions also. the development of these arctic animal breeds has been largely founded on old tradition rather than on the programs of breeding organizations. as a result of the selection carried out by nature and man, the domestic animals of a ... | 2016 | 27522831 |
| contaminants in two west greenland caribou populations. | two caribou populations in west greenland were sampled and the kidneys, liver and muscle analyzed for contaminants, including aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium and zinc. although close in proximity, the two populations are topographically separated by an ice cap, which creates different climates and vegetation types in each region. contaminant levels reflected the differing diets of the two caribou populations. to the south in the wetter lichen-rich region, caribou had ... | 2016 | 26956180 |
| cross-species application of snp chips is not suitable for identifying runs of homozygosity. | cross-species application of single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) chips is a valid, relatively cost-effective alternative to the high-throughput sequencing methods generally required to obtain a genome-wide sampling of polymorphisms. kharzinova et al. (2015) examined the applicability of snp chips developed in domestic bovids (cattle and sheep) to a semi-wild cervid (reindeer). the ancestors of bovids and cervids diverged between 20 and 30 million years ago (hassanin and douzery 2003; bibi et al ... | 2016 | 26774056 |
| a study of applicability of snp chips developed for bovine and ovine species to whole-genome analysis of reindeer rangifer tarandus. | two sets of commercially available single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) developed for cattle (bovinesnp50 beadchip) and sheep (ovinesnp50 beadchip) have been trialed for whole-genome analysis of 4 female samples of rangifer tarandus inhabiting russia. we found out that 43.0% of bovine and 47.0% of ovine snps could be genotyped, while only 5.3% and 2.03% of them were respectively polymorphic. the scored and the polymorphic snps were identified on each bovine and each ovine chromosome, but their ... | 2016 | 26447215 |
| non-invasive assessment of the interrelationships of diet, pregnancy rate, group composition, and physiological and nutritional stress of barren-ground caribou in late winter. | the winter diet of barren-ground caribou may affect adult survival, timing of parturition, neonatal survival, and postpartum mass. we used microhistological analyses and hormone levels in feces to determine sex-specific late-winter diets, pregnancy rates, group composition, and endocrine-based measures of physiological and nutritional stress. lichens, which are highly digestible but contain little protein, dominated the diet (> 68%) but were less prevalent in the diets of pregnant females as com ... | 2015 | 26061003 |
| occurrence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria species in livestock from northern china and first isolation of mycobacterium caprae. | we investigated the presence of mycobacterium spp. in livestock in northern china. of the 163 clinical samples selected for this study, 20 were from throat swabs of dairy cows, and 143 were tissue samples (including lung tissue from one reindeer, hilar lymph node tissue from 55 cows, and liver tissue from 87 sheep). a total of 41 mycobacterial isolates were identified including two isolates of m. caprae and 39 non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) isolates. multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat ... | 2013 | 23298678 |
| conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in a reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | an 8-year-old female adult reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) was referred to the veterinary hospital of madrid for evaluation of a conjunctival mass on the left eye which had been present for about 2 months. a surgical excision was performed and biopsy material submitted for light microscopic evaluation which confirmed the diagnosis of conjuctival squamous cell carcinoma. nuclear p53 immunolabeling was found in 52% of the neoplastic cells. follow-up examination at 12 months postsurgery did n ... | 2013 | 23121493 |
| level of selected toxic elements in meat, liver, tallow and bone marrow of young semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) from northern norway. | to gain knowledge on toxic elements in semi-domesticated reindeer and their distribution in meat, liver, tallow and bone marrow. the correlations between concentrations in meat and liver, as well as the use of the latter as an indicator for toxic elements in meat, were also investigated. | 2012 | 22564461 |
| phase-dependent climate-predator interactions explain three decades of variation in neonatal caribou survival. | climate can have direct and indirect effects on population dynamics via changes in resource competition or predation risk, but this influence may be modulated by density- or phase-dependent processes. we hypothesized that for ungulates, climatic conditions close to parturition have a greater influence on the predation risk of neonates during population declines, when females are already under nutritional stress triggered by food limitation. we examined the presence of phase-dependent climate-pre ... | 2016 | 26529139 |
| plastic response of fearful prey to the spatiotemporal dynamics of predator distribution. | ecological theory predicts that the intensity of antipredator responses is dependent upon the spatiotemporal context of predation risk (the risk allocation hypothesis). however, most studies to date have been conducted over small spatial extents, and did not fully take into account gradual responses to predator proximity. we simultaneously collected spatially explicit data on predator and prey to investigate acute responses of a threatened forest ungulate, the boreal caribou (rangifer tarandus), ... | 2015 | 26649384 |
| accounting for individual behavioural variation in studies of habitat selection. | a caribou wearing an animal-borne video camera (a) and animal-borne video footage taken from systems deployed on mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in north-central washington state, usa (b-d). when paired with tracking technology, animal-borne video can reveal detailed information about behaviour and environmental features at each location: (b) feeding, (c) vigilant in the open, (d) vigilant in cover, (e) resting in the open. accordingly, animal-borne video systems should allow for analyses of hab ... | 2014 | 24428597 |
| avoidance of roads and selection for recent cutovers by threatened caribou: fitness-rewarding or maladaptive behaviour? | the impact of anthropogenic disturbance on the fitness of prey should depend on the relative effect of human activities on different trophic levels. this verification remains rare, however, especially for large animals. we investigated the functional link between habitat selection of female caribou (rangifer tarandus) and the survival of their calves, a fitness correlate. this top-down controlled population of the threatened forest-dwelling caribou inhabits a managed forest occupied by wolves (c ... | 2012 | 22951736 |
| unique bacteria community composition and co-occurrence in the milk of different ruminants. | lactation provides the singular source of nourishment to the offspring of mammals. this nutrition source also contains a diverse microbiota affecting the development and health of the newborn. here, we examined the milk microbiota in water deer (hydropotes inermis, the most primitive member of the family cervidae), reindeer (rangifer tarandus, the oldest semi-domesticated cervid), and the dairy goat (capra aegagrus, member of the family bovidae), to determine if common milk microbiota species we ... | 2017 | 28098228 |
| theoretical foundations for a quantitative approach to paleogenetics : part ii: proteins. | it is shown that simply counting the number of amino acid differences between two homologous present day proteins may underestimate the number of mutagenic events that have occurred by more than a factor of three. in a previous paper (part i) it was shown how to correct quantitatively for multiple mutagenic events at the same base site and for back mutation at that site. in this paper formulas are derived to correct for multiple mutagenic events within the same codon triplet and for the degenera ... | 1972 | 24173437 |
| identification of velvet antler by random amplified polymorphism dna combined with non-gel sieving capillary electrophoresis. | mitochondrial dna of velvet antler was amplified with random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique and the pcr products were detected with non-gel sieving capillary electrophoresis to establish a rapd-hpce method used for identifying the authenticity of velvet antler or it counterfeits. factors that could affect the pcr amplification and capillary electrophoresis were optimized. under the optimized conditions, namely, 20 mmol l(-1) nah2po4-na2hpo4-2 mmol l(-1) edta buffer solution [0.8% (w/ ... | 2016 | 25103424 |
| climate-mediated shifts in neandertal subsistence behaviors at pech de l'azé iv and roc de marsal (dordogne valley, france). | neandertals disappeared from europe just after 40,000 years ago. some hypotheses ascribe this to numerous population crashes associated with glacial cycles in the late pleistocene. the goal of this paper is to test the hypothesis that glacial periods stressed neandertal populations. if cold climates stressed neandertals, their subsistence behaviors may have changed-requiring intensified use of prey through more extensive nutrient extraction from faunal carcasses. to test this, an analysis of nea ... | 2016 | 27343769 |
| a non-destructive method for distinguishing reindeer antler (rangifer tarandus) from red deer antler (cervus elaphus) using x-ray micro-tomography coupled with svm classifiers. | over the last decade, biomedical 3d-imaging tools have gained widespread use in the analysis of prehistoric bone artefacts. while initial attempts to characterise the major categories used in osseous industry (i.e. bone, antler, and dentine/ivory) have been successful, the taxonomic determination of prehistoric artefacts remains to be investigated. the distinction between reindeer and red deer antler can be challenging, particularly in cases of anthropic and/or taphonomic modifications. in addit ... | 2016 | 26901355 |
| [identification of antler powder components based on dna barcoding technology]. | in order to authenticate the components of antler powder in the market, dna barcoding technology coupled with cloning method were used. cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) sequences were obtained according to the dna barcoding standard operation procedure (sop). for antler powder with possible mixed components, the cloning method was used to get each coi sequence. 65 coi sequences were successfully obtained from commercial antler powders via sequencing pcr products. the results indicates that o ... | 2015 | 26837186 |
| the importance of observation versus process error in analyses of global ungulate populations. | population abundance data vary widely in quality and are rarely accurate. the two main components of error in such data are observation and process error. we used bayesian state space models to estimate the observation and process error in time-series of 55 globally distributed populations of two species, cervus elaphus (elk/red deer) and rangifer tarandus (caribou/reindeer). we examined variation among populations and species in the magnitude of estimates of error components and density depende ... | 2013 | 24201239 |
| relationships between graminoid growth form and levels of grazing by caribou (rangifer tarandus) in alaska. | herbivores and their forage interact in many ways, in some instances to the benefit or detriment of herbivore and vegetation. studies of wildebeest (connochaetes taurinus) in africa and snow geese (chen caerulescens) in the arctic have suggested that these grazers enhance graminoid production in certain sites by repeatedly using them. other studies have concluded that herbivores are sensitive to local variation in forage quality and quantity, and preferentially use those sites that are intrinsic ... | 1996 | 28307265 |
| synaptic transmission despite severe hypoxia in hippocampal slices of the deep-diving hooded seal. | brain neurons of the deep-diving hooded seal (cystophora cristata) are known to be inherently hypoxia tolerant. here, we have used in vitro field potential recordings in hippocampal slices to compare effects of severe hypoxia on synaptic transmission in hooded seals vs. non-diving mammals. synaptic responses of mice (mus musculus) to hypoxia were in accordance with previously published data. hippocampal slices of reindeer (rangifer tarandus), an alternative large-mammal non-diving model, behaved ... | 2016 | 27480049 |
| measurements of cesium in arctic beluga and caribou before and after the fukushima accident of 2011. | concern from northern communities following the fukushima daiichi nuclear accident of march 2011 has prompted a reassessment of the safety of their traditional foods with respect to radioactivity levels. to this end, a study was conducted to measure the levels of radionuclides in arctic caribou (rangifer tarandus) and beluga (delphinapterus leucas). the main radionuclide of concern is cesium-137, which is easily transferred through the lichen-caribou food chain. previous studies have been conduc ... | 2016 | 27359098 |
| arthropod and oligochaete assemblages from grasslands of the southern kenai peninsula, alaska. | by the end of this century, the potential climate-biome of the southern kenai peninsula is forecasted to change from transitional boreal forest to prairie and grasslands, a scenario that may already be playing out in the caribou hills region. here, spruce (picea × lutzii little [glauca × sitchensis]) forests were heavily thinned by an outbreak of the spruce bark beetle (dendroctonus rufipennis (kirby, 1837)) and replaced by the native but invasive grass species, calamagrostis canadensis (michx.) ... | 2017 | 28325976 |
| food expenditure patterns in the canadian arctic show cause for concern for obesity and chronic disease. | little is understood about the economic factors that have influenced the nutrition transition from traditional to store-bought foods that are typically high in fat and sugar amongst people living in the canadian arctic. this study aims to determine the pattern of household food expenditure in the canadian arctic. | 2014 | 24739761 |
| selected vitamins and essential elements in meat from semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) in mid- and northern norway: geographical variations and effect of animal population density. | meat samples (n = 100) were collected from semi-domesticated reindeer originating from 10 grazing districts in norway. we aimed at studying concentrations, correlations, geographical variations and the effect of animal population density on vitamins a, b3, b7, b12 and e, and calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, chromium and cobalt. mean concentrations of vitamins a, b3, b7; b12 and e were <5 µg, 6.6 mg, <0.5 µg, 4.7 µg and 0.5 mg/100 g wet weight, respectively. concentrations of calcium, iron, zinc, s ... | 2012 | 22852060 |
| frequency of consumption of foods and beverages by inuvialuit adults in northwest territories, arctic canada. | limited data exist regarding nutrient intakes and overall dietary quality in canadian arctic populations. this cross-sectional study determined the frequency of consumption of traditional meats (e.g. caribou, polar bear, seal, char and whale) and non-traditional store-bought foods including non-traditional meats (e.g. beef, pork and chicken), grains, dairy, fruits, vegetables and non-nutrient dense foods (nndfs) (e.g. butter, chocolate, chips, candy and pop) by inuvialuit adults (175 women, mean ... | 2012 | 22475024 |
| occurrence of babesia species in captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus) in germany. | two cases of acute babesiosis in captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus) in two german zoos in 2009 and 2012 triggered this study to investigate the occurrence and species diversity of babesia parasites infecting reindeer in different zoos and deer parks in germany. between june and december 2013, blood samples were taken from 123 clinically inapparent reindeer from 16 different facilities. samples were tested for the presence of babesia species dna by conventional pcr and sequence analysis of part ... | 2015 | 25986326 |
| mri and unilateral nmr study of reindeer skin tanning processes. | the study of arctic or subarctic indigenous skin clothing material, known for its design and ability to keep the body warm, provides information about the tanning materials and techniques. the study also provides clues about the culture that created it, since tanning processes are often specific to certain indigenous groups. untreated skin samples and samples treated with willow (salix sp) bark extract and cod liver oil are compared in this study using both mri and unilateral nmr techniques. the ... | 2015 | 25719858 |