| 'i think that it's a pain in the ass that i have to stand outside in the cold and have a cigarette': representations of smoking and experiences of disapproval in uk and greek smokers. | smokers in greece and the uk are habitually exposed to different levels of social disapproval. this qualitative study explored the accounts of smoking and disapproval offered by 32 uk and greek smokers. accounts were framed with reference to a highly moralized construction of smoking. participants were sensitive to social disapproval of their smoking. while disapproval from those close to them was accepted, disapproval from the general public was not. two discursive repertories 'smoking works fo ... | 2006 | 16774897 |
| study of the interaction between different phosphodiesterases and yessotoxin using a resonant mirror biosensor. | yessotoxins (ytxs) are disulfated polyether toxins that were first isolated from scallops in japan. it has been proposed that these toxins activate cellular phosphodiesterases (pdes). the interaction between ytx and pdes was confirmed by resonant biosensor and fluorescence polarization studies. the aim of this work is to study the specificity of different pdes for ytx binding. association measurements are done in a resonant mirror biosensor. the instrument detects changes in the refractive index ... | 2006 | 16780358 |
| isolation and identification of taylorella asinigenitalis from the genital tract of a stallion, first case of a natural infection. | contagious equine metritis (cem), caused by taylorella equigenitalis, is a widely known highly contagious genital equine disease that is transmitted venereally. a new bacterium, taylorella asinigenitalis resembling t. equigenitalis was recently isolated from three american donkey jacks, at routine testing for cem. the purpose of this study was to identify and characterize a strain of taylorella sp. from the genital tract of a stallion. swab samples for culture of t. equigenitalis were taken from ... | 2006 | 16793226 |
| rapid detection of anabolic steroids in urine by protein arrays. | the purpose of this study was to develop a rapid and sensitive method utilizing the state-of-the-art protein arrays technique to detect urinary anabolic steroids (ass) in athletes. three experiments were designed to investigate the feasibility of the protein arrays for ass testing. firstly, androgen receptor (ar) and estrogen receptor (er) protein arrays were prepared on polysaccharide-coated slides to investigate whether they can bind to ass (affinity tests). secondly, in comparison to adrenerg ... | 2006 | 16802247 |
| [elevation of ifn-gamma transcription level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of eiav vaccinated horses]. | to evaluate the relationship between the transcriptional level of ifn-gamma mrna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) and immune protective response driven by inoculated horses with donkey leukocyte attenuated vaccine of eiav(dlv), and to elucidate the immune mechanism of dlv. | 2006 | 16806002 |
| "it's not our ass": medical resident sense-making regarding lawsuits. | this study examined the accounts of 27 medical residents regarding how they make sense of their feelings about medical malpractice lawsuits and communication strategies to deal with mistakes. the study uncovered 4 distinct ways residents discursively constructed lawsuits--as inevitable, as recourse, as the result of unrealistic expectations, and as a gamble--and the implications of each construction. further, the analysis suggests that it is essential to understand the role of the medical hierar ... | 2006 | 16813491 |
| equine trypanosomosis in the central river division of the gambia: a study of veterinary gate-clinic consultation records. | the objective of this study was to provide epidemiological information of equine trypanosomosis in the central river division (crd) of the gambia. therefore, 2285 consultations records of equines, admitted in a gate-clinic at sololo in crd, were studied retrospectively. the data were recorded in the period between september 1995 and july 2002 and comprised consultations of 2113 horses and 172 donkeys. 'trypanosome infection' was the most frequently diagnosed condition and accounted for 61% of th ... | 2006 | 16814418 |
| separation of triacylglycerols in a complex lipidic matrix by using comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric detection. | the present investigation describes the employment of a comprehensive 2-d hplc system, based on the combination of a silver ion and an rp column, for the characterization of the triacylglycerol (tag) fraction of a very complex lipidic sample: donkey milk fat. the tags were grouped on the resulting bidimensional contour plot according to their double bond numbers (aligned along vertical bands) and according to their partition numbers (aligned along horizontal bands). peak assignment was supported ... | 2006 | 16830730 |
| [major constituent proteins in donkey hide and their interaction]. | to analyze the constituent proteins in donkey hide, the key ingredient for ejiao, an important traditional chinese medicine for the blood-related conditions, in hope to eventually decipher the biochemical mechanism behind ejiao's prominent medicinal efficacy. | 2006 | 16830825 |
| a novel locust (schistocerca gregaria) serine protease inhibitor with a high affinity for neutrophil elastase. | we have purified to homogeneity two forms of a new serine protease inhibitor specific for elastase/chymotrypsin from the ovary gland of the desert locust schistocerca gregaria. this protein, greglin, has 83 amino acid residues and bears putative phosphorylation sites. amino acid sequence alignments revealed no homology with pacifastin insect inhibitors and only a distant relationship with kazal-type inhibitors. this was confirmed by computer-based structural studies. the most closely related hom ... | 2006 | 16839309 |
| highly diverse type of equine arteritis virus (eav) from the semen of a south african donkey: short communication. | equine arteritis virus (eav) was detected by rt-nested pcr in semen samples from a naturally infected south african donkey. sequence analysis of the amplified orf5 fragment revealed only 60 to 70% nucleotide identity to a panel of eav reference sequences. the unique donkey eav sequence was also found to be stable during passage in horses. the sequence data reported in this study indicate that the south african donkey variant might represent a new genotype of eav. the distinct genetic properties ... | 2006 | 16841763 |
| non-racemic atropisomeric (thio)ureas as neutral enantioselective anion receptors for amino-acid derivatives: origin of smaller kass with thiourea than urea derivatives. | the synthesis of a limited series of non-racemic atropisomeric 1-(2-(4-methyl-2-thioxothiazol-3(2h)-yl)phenyl)-3-(hetero)aryl-(thio)ureas is described. using nmr titration experiments monitoring the shift of the two nh of the (thio)urea and the c-5 hydrogen of the heterocycle, the binding constants for some optically pure (thio)-ureas with the enantiomers of n-protected amino acid tetrabutylammonium salts were determined in cd3cn. the obtained enantioselectivities were modest. contrary to what w ... | 2006 | 16871519 |
| mitochondrial dna diversity and population structure of four chinese donkey breeds. | | 2006 | 16879368 |
| characterization of late-onset citrullinemia 1 in a korean patient: confirmation by argininosuccinate synthetase gene mutation analysis. | a 16-month old boy was referred to our hospital for evaluation of recurrent generalized tonic clonic seizures. metabolic evaluation revealed significant hyperammonemia (1,112 microg/dl). amino acid/acylcarnitine screening using tandem mass spectrometry showed markedly increased plasma levels of citrulline (1,350 microm/l) with undetectable levels of arginine and arginosuccinic acid. urinary excretion of citrulline was markedly increased (38,617 microm/g creatinine). brain mri findings showed dif ... | 2006 | 16889683 |
| seroepidemiological evidence for the possible presence of babesia (theileria) equi and babesia caballi infections in donkeys in western xinjiang, china. | the prevalence of babesia (theileria) equi and b. caballi infections in donkeys in western xinjiang china was investigated. in total, 93 serum samples were randomly taken from donkeys in the kashi and ili areas, and examined for b. equi and b. caballi infections by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using recombinant antigens. of the 93 samples, 9 (9.6%) and 36 (38.7%) samples were positive for b. equi infection and b. caballi infection, respectively. in addition, 2 (2.2%) samples were positive ... | 2006 | 16891793 |
| a humanized murine monoclonal antibody protects mice either before or after challenge with virulent venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus. | a humanized monoclonal antibody (mab) has been developed and its potential to protect from or cure a venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (veev) infection was evaluated. the veev-neutralizing, protective murine mab 3b4c-4 was humanized using combinatorial antibody libraries and phage-display technology. humanized veev-binding fabs were evaluated for virus-neutralizing capacity, then selected fabs were converted to whole immunoglobulin (ig) g1, and stable cell lines were generated. the human ... | 2006 | 16894184 |
| identification and preliminary validation of novel biomarkers of acute hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury using dual-platform proteomic/degradomic approaches. | hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion (i/r), a major cause of liver damage associated with multiple trauma, haemorrhagic and septic shock, and liver transplantation, contributes significantly to multiple organ failure. development of novel sensitive biomarkers that detect early stages of liver damage is vital for effective management and treatment of ischaemic liver injury. by using high-throughput immunoblotting and cation-anion exchange chromatography/reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass-s ... | 2006 | 16908442 |
| role of the l-citrulline/l-arginine cycle in inanc nerve-mediated nitric oxide production and airway smooth muscle relaxation in allergic asthma. | nitric oxide synthase (nos) converts l-arginine into nitric oxide (no) and l-citrulline. in no-producing cells, l-citrulline can be recycled to l-arginine in a two-step reaction involving argininosuccinate synthase (ass) and -lyase (asl). in guinea pig trachea, l-arginine is a limiting factor in neuronal nnos-mediated airway smooth muscle relaxation upon inhibitory nonadrenergic noncholinergic (inanc) nerve stimulation. moreover, in a guinea pig model of asthma inanc nerve-induced no production ... | 2006 | 16919264 |
| long terminal repeats are not the sole determinants of virulence for equine infectious anemia virus. | the long terminal repeats (ltrs) of equine infectious anemia virus donkey leukocyte-attenuated virus (eiav-dla) were substituted with those of the wild-type eiav-l (wt eiav-l, the parent virus of eiav-dla). the resulting chimeric plasmid was designated pok-ltr dla/l. purified pok-ltr dla/l was transfected into monocyte-derived macrophage (mdm) cultures prepared from eiav-negative, heparinized whole blood from a donkey. eighth-passage cell cultures developed the typical cytopathogenic effects (cp ... | 2007 | 16932982 |
| ion-association extraction of nitrophenolate ions with tetrabutylammonium ion into nonionic surfactant micelle. | ion-association extraction of some nitrophenolate ions with tetrabutylammonium ion (tba(+)) into nonionic surfactant micelle has been investigated through the changes in the electrophoretic mobility. nonionic surfactants of brij 35 and brij 58 were used as micelle substrates to which the ion-associates formed could distribute. the electrophoretic mobility of the phenolate ions was measured by capillary zone electrophoresis in the presence of tba(+) and/or the nonionic surfactant. the electrophor ... | 2006 | 16938302 |
| between reasoning. | in two experiments we investigated three-term reasoning with spatial relational assertions using the preposition between as compared to projective prepositions (such as to the left of). for each kind of assertion we distinguish the referent expression (i.e., the grammatical subject) from the relatum expression (i.e., the internal argument of the preposition; e.g., [the hedgehog]referent_expressionis to the left of [the frog]relatum_expression; [the snake]referent_expressionis between [the donkey ... | 2006 | 16945861 |
| [atrial fibrillation]. | atrial fibrillation represents the arrhythmia that most frequently leads to hospital admission. due to the age structure of our population and the increasing morbidity and comorbidity, one has to assume that this arrhythmia will reach an even higher prevalence. the therapeutic successes are often insufficient. first of all, it is important to diagnose and treat the underlying disease. secondly, antiarrhythmic therapy has to be considered in symptomatic patients. in those patients and in the case ... | 2006 | 16951942 |
| terminally coordinated ass and ps ligands. | the terminal ass and ps complexes [(n(3)n)w(es)] (n(3)n=n(ch(2)ch(2)nsime(3))(3); e=p (3), as (4)) were synthesised by reaction of [(n(3)n)w[triple chemical bond]as] and [(n(3)n)w[triple chemical bond]p], respectively, with cyclohexene sulfide. both complexes present very short w--e and e--s bond lengths. the bonding was investigated by density functional theory (dft) calculations using the fragment calculation method and natural bond orbital (nbo) analysis. according to the fragment analysis, i ... | 2006 | 16953507 |
| female counterpart of shawl scrotum in aarskog-scott syndrome. | aarskog-scott syndrome (ass) is an x-linked disorder characterized by facial, skeletal and genital anomalies, including penoscrotal transposition in males. we report on a girl from a family with ass who exhibits a transposition of the clitoris. | 2006 | 16953916 |
| variations in equid slc11a1 (nramp1) genes and associations with rhodococcus equi pneumonia in horses. | rhodococcus equi is an important intracellular pathogen of horses, most commonly causing chronic, suppurative bronchopneumonia in foals. although most foals likely are exposed to environmental r. equi within the 1st few days of life, only some develop r. equi pneumonia, and the basis of differences in susceptibility among foals currently is unknown. in this study, we investigated solute carrier family 11 member 1 (slc11a1) gene sequences in the 5' untranslated region, exon 1, and a portion of in ... | 2006 | 16955825 |
| storage of red blood cells with improved maintenance of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate. | during storage, red blood cells (rbcs) rapidly lose 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-dpg) leading to an increase in the affinity for o(2) and a temporary impairment of o(2) transport. recent clinical evaluations indicate that the quality of transfused rbcs may be more important for patient survival than previously recognized. | 2006 | 16965582 |
| lower levels of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta (abeta) in non-demented indian controls. | prevalence of alzheimer's disease in indian population is lower than in developed countries. to determine whether limitation of amyloid beta (abeta) concentration may be responsible for lower rate of incidence, we measured the levels of abeta in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) collected from 72 non-demented individuals ranging in the age from 20 years to 65 years. these samples were segregated into three groups ranging from 20-35 years, 36-50 years and 51-65 years of age. levels of abeta could be dete ... | 2006 | 16978775 |
| [when ass, when anticoagulants?]. | | 2006 | 16981391 |
| [epidemiological aspects of human and animal rabies in the urban area of bamako, mali]. | the district of bamako is the political and economical capital city of mali with 1,800,000 inhabitants. the goal of the present retrospective study was to determine the frequency of animal bites, human and animal rabies on the one hand and to determine the frequency and the nature of mad animals on the other hand from january 2000 to december 2003 (4 years). to achieve this goal, we have analysed registers and documents related to rabies in the department of prevention and fight against diseases ... | 2006 | 16983822 |
| validity of a behavioural measure of heat stress and a skin tent test for dehydration in working horses and donkeys. | dehydration and heat stress are serious welfare issues for equids working in developing countries. there is a lack of any standardised method or validated interpretation of the skin tent test in horses and donkeys. owners of dehydrated and heat-stressed animals often depend on veterinary examination for identification of these conditions, leading to delays in treatment and unnecessary reliance on external sources to effect welfare improvement. | 2006 | 16986604 |
| mass-spectrometric investigations on hydration of nucleic acid components in vacuum. | association reactions between water and alkylated uracils. occurring under field-ionization conditions in a mass spectrometer at the tungsten point emitter surface, were studied at several temperatures. the origin of peaks observed in the mass spectra at m/e ratios corresponding to m+h and m+h-h2o were attributed to m-h2o and m-(h2o)2 hydrates, respectively, hydrogen-bonded via carbonyl groups of the diketopyrimidines (m) investigated. the appearance of these ions is explained in terms of the fi ... | 1982 | 17000425 |
| the impact of increased environmental stochasticity due to climate change on the dynamics of asiatic wild ass. | theory proposes that increased environmental stochasticity negatively impacts population viability. thus, in addition to the directional changes predicted for weather parameters under global climate change (gcc), the increase in variance of these parameters may also have a negative effect on biodiversity. as a case study, we assessed the impact of interannual variance in precipitation on the viability of an asiatic wild ass (equus hemionus) population reintroduced in makhtesh ramon nature reserv ... | 2006 | 17002758 |
| [glanders--a comprehensive review]. | since 1990 the number of glanders outbreaks in race, military and pleasure horses in asia and south america is steadily increasing. glanders, which is eradicated in western europe, australia and northern america, is currently considered a re-emerging disease. consequently, the disease may be introduced into glanders-free regions by subclinical carriers at any time. the causative agent of glanders, burkholderia (b.) mallei, is highly contagious and leads to chronic disease in horses whereas in do ... | 2006 | 17009807 |
| [simultaneous determination of 17 underivatized amino acids in donkey-hide glue by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light-scattering detection]. | an analytical method to determine 17 underivatized amino acids in donkey-hide glue was established with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) coupled with evaporative light-scattering detection (elsd). a prevail c18 column was used with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.7% trifluoroacetic acid containing 5.0 mmol/l heptafluorobutyric acid. under the condition of solvent gradient elution, the temperature of drift tube was 115 degrees c and the gas flow rate was 2.5 l/min. ... | 2006 | 17017160 |
| fluorescence correlation spectrometry of the interaction kinetics of tetramethylrhodamin alpha-bungarotoxin with torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor. | fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (fcs) is suited to determine low concentrations (10(-8) m) of slowly interacting molecules with different translational diffusion coefficients on the level of single molecule counting. this new technique was applied to characterize the interaction dynamics of tetramethylrhodamin labelled alpha-bungarotoxin (b( *)) with the detergent solubilized nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (achr) of torpedo californica electric organ. at pseudo-first-order conditions for ... | 1996 | 17023344 |
| human microsporidial infection and possible animal sources. | sources of human microsporidial infection remain speculative, but possible animal reservoirs are emerging. of the common human microsporidial infections, enterocytozoon bieneusi has now been identified in non-human primates, pigs, dogs and a cat; encephalitozoon intestinalis in dogs, pigs, cows, goats and donkeys and encephalitozoon hellem in budgerigars and parrots. evidence of species heterogeneity is also emerging suggesting that some animal isolates may be distinctive. further molecular epid ... | 1999 | 17035814 |
| renal cysts, nephrolithiasis, and ovarian cysts in a donkey suspected of having been sexually abused. | a female donkey was thought by its owner to have been sexually abused because it had severe perineal swelling. besides the perineal swelling and a very small vaginal erosion, there were no other abnormalities at clinical examination. haematology and blood biochemistry revealed an increased leukocyte count, an elevated blood lactate concentration, and a low ionized calcium concentration. during night the donkey's condition deteriorated and it was euthanized in the morning. at necropsy severe haem ... | 2006 | 17073382 |
| an outbreak of besnoitiosis in miniature donkeys. | fourteen miniature donkeys (equus asinus) in a mid-michigan herd of 38 animals presented with clinical signs of besnoitiosis, including the presence of typical tissue cysts in the ocular sclera, the buccal and nasal mucosa, together with characteristic dermatitis in specific areas of the body. the common histopathological change seen was the presence of many 100-200-microm diameter, thick walled, typical besnoitia sp. tissue cysts together with a chronic cellular response associated with degener ... | 2005 | 17089758 |
| renal cell carcinoma does not express argininosuccinate synthetase and is highly sensitive to arginine deprivation via arginine deiminase. | recently, pegylated arginine deiminase (adi; ec 3.5.3.6) has been used to treat the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or melanoma, in which the level of argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) activity is low or undetectable. the efficacy of its antitumor activity largely depends on the level of intracellular ass, which enables tumor cells to recycle citrulline to arginine. thus, we examined the expression levels of ass in various cancer cells and found that it is low in renal cell carcinoma (rc ... | 2007 | 17096330 |
| morphological study on the inferior olivary nuclear complex of the donkey (equus asinus). | this study provides basic data on the normal structure of the inferior olivary complex (ioc) of the donkey, equus asinus, at the light microscopic level. in common with that of other mammals, the donkey ioc consisted of three major nuclei and four minor groups of cells. the former was comprised of the medial and dorsal accessory olives (mao and dao, respectively) and the principal olive (po), and the latter was comprised of the dorsal cap, nucleus beta, ventrolateral outgrowth and dorsomedial ce ... | 2006 | 17097702 |
| use of cisplatin-containing biodegradable beads for treatment of cutaneous neoplasia in equidae: 59 cases (2000-2004). | to determine outcome for equids with cutaneous neoplasms treated with cisplatin-containing biodegradable beads, alone or in conjunction with debulking. | 2006 | 17107319 |
| infectivity rate and transmission potential of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks for babesia equi infection. | the infectivity rate of babesia equi in the salivary glands of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum was assessed. the hungry nymphs were fed on a donkey experimentally infected with b. equi. the engorged dropped-off nymphs were collected at different levels of parasitaemia and kept in bod incubator. after ecdysis, the hungry adults were prefed on rabbits for different time intervals, thereafter the salivary glands were dissected out and acini were examined after methyl green pyronin (mgp) staining. a ... | 2007 | 17112671 |
| molecular epidemiology of human and bovine anaplasmosis in southern europe. | the genus anaplasma (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) includes several pathogens such as a. marginale and a. phagocytophilum that have an impact on veterinary and human health. in this study, we characterized a. marginale and a. phagocytophilum infections in humans, wild and domestic animals, and ticks in southern europe (particularly in south-central spain and in sicily) by means of serologic study, pcr, and sequence analysis of major surface proteins (msp) 1alpha and 4 and 16s rdna. the results ... | 2006 | 17114686 |
| saving feral horse populations: does it really matter? a case study of wild horses from doñana national park in southern spain. | in the 1980s, a conservation programme involving a feral horse population, the retuertas horses from the guadalquivir marshes, was started in the doñana national park. the analysis of an extensive genetic survey of this population, which now numbers 100 animals, and 10 additional european and north african breeds using dna polymorphisms from 22 microsatellites is presented. highly significant fixation indexes were obtained for all pairwise comparisons between the retuertas population and other b ... | 2006 | 17121602 |
| h-dbas: alternative splicing database of completely sequenced and manually annotated full-length cdnas based on h-invitational. | the human-transcriptome database for alternative splicing (h-dbas) is a specialized database of alternatively spliced human transcripts. in this database, each of the alternative splicing (as) variants corresponds to a completely sequenced and carefully annotated human full-length cdna, one of those collected for the h-invitational human-transcriptome annotation meeting. h-dbas contains 38,664 representative alternative splicing variants (rasvs) in 11,744 loci, in total. the data is retrievable ... | 2007 | 17130147 |
| application of ultrasonography in the study of the reproductive system of tropical jennies (equus asinus). | the use of high-frequency (5 mhz) ultrasonography was studied in 11 jennies (7 non-pregnant and 4 pregnant) to characterize the reproductive organs and follicular activities at different stages of reproduction. the result showed close similarity with the mare. the visibility of endometrial folds increased towards ovulation. a positive correlation (p < 0.001; tau = 0.79) was found between the score of the folds and the size of the dominant follicle. the diameter of the uterus and the size of the ... | 2006 | 17137128 |
| cartilage oligomeric matrix protein in serum and synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis: potential use as a marker for joint cartilage damage. | this study examined the serum and synovial fluid concentrations of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (comp) in relation to the evolution of joint cartilage damage and the requirement for surgery in 125 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra). we compared the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (esr), c-reactive protein (crp) level, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (mmp-3) levels with comp levels determined by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). patients were divided into three groups: ... | 2004 | 17143693 |
| variability of plasma melatonin level in pony mares (equus caballus), comparison with the hybrid: mules and with jennies (equus asinus). | in long-day breeders like horses, the length of nocturnal melatonin secretion is the main messenger of photoperiod. previous studies have shown that the nocturnal jugular melatonin concentration is lower in horses, than in mules but is unknown in donkeys. the aim of this study was to estimate the inter-animal variability of plasma melatonin concentration in domestic mares and to compare this concentration with those observed in domestic jennies and in their hybrid mules. in the autumn, blood sam ... | 2006 | 17169310 |
| molecular and cytogenetic paternity testing of a male offspring of a hinny. | an alleged male foal of a female mule, whose sire and grandparents were unknown, was identified for its pedigree. parentage testing was conducted by comparing polymorphism of 12 microsatellite dna sites and mitochondrial d-loop sequences of the male foal and the female mule. both the sequence analysis of species-specific dna fragments and a cytogenetic analysis were performed to identify the species of the foal and its parents. the results showed that the alleged female mule is actually a hinny, ... | 2006 | 17177697 |
| transient ischemia increases neuronal nitric oxide synthase, argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinate lyase co-expression in rat striatal neurons. | in neurodegenerative diseases, an increased number of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nnos)-positive neurons was reported, but nothing is known on which are the neurons induced to express nnos. argininosuccinate synthetase (ass), argininosuccinate lyase (asl) and nnos act in the l-arginine-no-l-citrulline cycle permitting a correct no production. in the brain, nnos-positive neurons co-expressing ass were known, while those co-expressing asl were not demonstrated. we investigated by immunohistoch ... | 2007 | 17198704 |
| pseudo-homogeneous micelle extraction of ion-associates formed between tetrabutylammonium ion and some aromatic sulfonate ions into nonionic surfactant micelle studied through the mobility measurements in capillary zone electrophoresis. | ion-association extraction of some aromatic sulfonate ions including alkylbenzene sulfonates with tetrabutylammonium ion (tba+) into nonionic surfactant micelle has been investigated through the changes in the electrophoretic mobility. nonionic surfactants of brij 35 and brij 58 were used as micelle substrates to which the ion-associates formed could distribute. the electrophoretic mobility of the aromatic sulfonate ions was measured by capillary zone electrophoresis in the presence of tba+ and/ ... | 2007 | 17207490 |
| pegylated recombinant human arginase (rharg-peg5,000mw) inhibits the in vitro and in vivo proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma through arginine depletion. | hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is believed to be auxotrophic for arginine through the lack of expression of argininosuccinate synthetase (ass). the successful use of the arginine-depleting enzyme arginine deiminase (adi) to treat ass-deficient tumors has opened up new possibilities for effective cancer therapy. nevertheless, many ass-positive hcc cell lines are found to be resistant to adi treatment, although most require arginine for proliferation. thus far, an arginine-depleting enzyme for kil ... | 2007 | 17210712 |
| bilateral testicular leydig cells tumour in a donkey. | a rare case of a bilateral leydig cells tumour located in the testis of a 15-year-old donkey slaughtered normally is presented. histologically, the testicular tumour showed neoplastic leydig cells arranged in solid growth as a pseudoadenomatous packet type. to our knowledge, this is the first bilateral leydig cells tumour, a neoplasm never reported in the donkey. | 2007 | 17214784 |
| the ecological characteristics of anopheles mosquitoes associated with low malaria transmission in siwa oasis, egypt. | the ecology of anopheles sergentii and an. multicolor was investigated over eight months to examine the entomological factors maintaining the low plasmodium vivax transmission in siwa oasis. the two species were encountered as larvae while the dominant species, anopheles sergentii was also collected as adults. breeding sites were characterized for the two species in six localities. larvae of both species were common during june and november. in bahi el din as an indicator village with a higher e ... | 1996 | 17217007 |
| thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of the interaction between hepatitis b surface antibody and antigen on a gold electrode modified with cysteamine and colloidal gold via electrochemistry. | hepatitis b surface antibody (hbsab) was immobilized to the surface of a gold electrode modified with cysteamine and colloidal gold as matrices to detect hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). differential pulse voltammetry (dpv) method was used for the investigation of the specific interaction between the immobilized hbsab and hbsag in solution, which was followed as a change of peak current in dpv with time. with the modified gold electrode, the differences in affinity of hbsab with hbsag at the ... | 2007 | 17223336 |
| [adult-onset citrullinemia]. | adult-onset citrullinemia (ctln2) is a rare hereditary metabolic disorder characterized by highly increased concentration of citrulline and ammonia in the plasma, which is ascribed to a deficiency of argininosuccinate synthetase (ass), one of the urea cycle enzymes mainly located in the liver. neurological manifestation in ctln2 patients closely resemble those of hepatic encephalopathy and in the past, most patients usually followed rapidly deteriorating clinical courses and died of severe brain ... | 2007 | 17228780 |
| venezuelan equine encephalitis virus vaccine candidate (v3526) safety, immunogenicity and efficacy in horses. | a new vaccine, v3526, is a live-attenuated virus derived by site-directed mutagenesis from a virulent clone of the venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev) ia/b trinidad donkey (trd) strain, intended for human use in protection against venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee). two studies were conducted in horses to evaluate the safety, immunogenicity, ability to boost and protective efficacy of v3526 against challenges of trd and veev ie 64a99. horses were vaccinated subcutaneously (sc) with 10( ... | 2007 | 17240002 |
| host choice and human blood index of anopheles pseudopunctipennis in a village of the andean valleys of bolivia. | the human blood index (hbi, proportion of bloodmeals of a mosquito population obtained from man) is relevant to epidemiological assessment and to the modification of measures to interrupt malaria transmission since the vectorial capacity of the vector varies as the square of the hbi. anopheles pseudopunctipennis is a main malaria vector in south america. unfortunately, few data exist concerning hbi values in its range of distribution and none from bolivia where this species is considered as an i ... | 2007 | 17241459 |
| functional-eicosanoid-test (fet) and disease. | eicosanoids are involved in most cellular activities. measurement of their levels in tissue or blood renders information about the function of activated cells. an extended analysis will improve the conclusions regarding eicosanoid-related diseases. peripheral white blood cells (wbc) were used for the test. stimulating or inhibiting substances to influence the generation and the metabolism of eicosanoids were separately added to the samples. prostaglandins (pg) and leukotrienes (lt) were measured ... | 2006 | 17244955 |
| ubiquitous presence of argininosuccinate at millimolar levels in the central nervous system of aplysia californica. | endogenous nitric oxide (no) is generated by nitric oxide synthases (noss), which convert arginine (arg) and oxygen to citrulline (cit) and no. cit can be enzymatically transformed back to arg by argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) and argininosuccinate lyase (asl) via a pathway involving argininosuccinate (argsuc). arg, cit, and argsuc levels have been measured in single neurons, neuronal clusters, and neuropil from the nervous system of the common neurobiological model aplysia californica. usin ... | 2007 | 17250653 |
| investigation into the formation of supramolecular compounds from mixed as/s-ligand complexes [(cp*mo)2as2s3] (cp* = c5me5) and copper halides. | the coordination behavior of [(cp*mo)2as2s3] (3) (cp* = c5me5) toward cu(i) halides was investigated. one dimensional polymers of the general formula [(cp*mo)2as2s3(cuhal)2]n (hal = cl, 4; br, 5) and an oligomer of composition [{(cp*mo)2as2s3}3(cui)7] (6) formed upon the reaction of 3 with the corresponding copper halide. all of the compounds were characterized by esi-ms, elemental analysis, and single-crystal x-ray crystallography. the solid-state structures of 4 and 5 are isostructural and con ... | 2007 | 17253681 |
| a new case of reciprocal translocation in a young bull: rcp(11;21)(q28;q12). | routine cytogenetic investigations of the chianina cattle (bta) breed revealed the presence of longer and smaller chromosomes than the largest (bta1) and smallest (bta29) chromosomes in the cells of a young, normal-looking bull used for reproduction. application of both rba-banding and ag-nor techniques, as well as the use of the fish technique and specific molecular markers of both bta11 (il1b, ass and lgb) and bta21 (serpina and d21s45) established that these two abnormal chromosomes were the ... | 2007 | 17268182 |
| epidemiology of impaction colic in donkeys in the uk. | colic (abdominal pain) is a clinical condition of serious concern affecting the welfare and survival of donkeys at the donkey sanctuary in the uk. one of the most commonly reported causes is due to impacted ingesta in the large intestine ("impaction colic"). however little is known about the incidence of, or risk factors for, this condition. here we describe the epidemiology of colic in donkeys, specifically impaction colic. we focus on temporal aspects of the disease and we identify environment ... | 2007 | 17274808 |
| oxidative stress triggers the amyloidogenic pathway in human vascular smooth muscle cells. | cerebral amyloid angiopathy, associated to most cases of alzheimer's disease (ad), is characterized by the deposition of amyloid ss-peptide (ass) in brain vessels, although the origin of the vascular amyloid deposits is still controversial: neuronal versus vascular. in the present work, we demonstrate that primary cultures of human cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells (hc-vsmcs) have all the secretases involved in amyloid ss-protein precursor (app) cleavage and produce ass(1-40) and ass(1-42). ... | 2008 | 17306421 |
| synergistic interaction between a mixed ligand copper (ii) chelate complex and two anticancer agents in t47d human breast cancer cells in vitro. | we have developed a copper(ii) chelate complex with a tridentate onn-schiff ligand and the anion of salicylate, showing a potent cytotoxic activity against a panel of human and murine cancer cell lines. in this experiment we have explored the combination effect between cu(salnet(2))salicylate (cu-sal) complex and two widely used drugs in cancer chemotherapy, bleomycin (blm) and 5-fluorouracil (5-fu), against t47d human breast cancer cells. previous theoretical quantum-chemical studies of this co ... | 2006 | 17309179 |
| besnoitia bennetti infection in miniature donkeys: an emerging protozoan of increasing concern. | | 2007 | 17317014 |
| correlation between the induction of th1 cytokines by an attenuated equine infectious anemia virus vaccine and protection against disease progression. | the equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) donkey-leukocyte attenuated vaccine (dlv) has been used to protect against equine infectious anaemia (eia) disease for several decades in china. the attenuated mechanism and immunological protective mechanisms remain to be elucidated. to identify responses that correlate with the protection against disease, we immunized horses with dlv, followed by challenge with an eiav wild-type strain ln. all vaccinated horses were asymptomatic and had a low level of ... | 2007 | 17325374 |
| [adult-onset citrullinemia]. | adult-onset citrullinemia (ctln2) is a rare hereditary metabolic disorder characterized by highly increased concentration of citrulline and ammonia in the plasma, which is ascribed to a deficiency of argininosuccinate synthetase (ass), one of the urea cycle enzymes mainly located in the liver. neurological manifestation in ctln2 patients closely resemble those of hepatic encephalopathy and in the past, most patients usually followed rapidly deteriorating clinical courses and died of severe brain ... | 2007 | 17354380 |
| observed prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in domestic animals in sicily, italy during 2003-2005. | the objective of this study was to characterize the observed prevalence of tick-borne pathogens (tbp) in domestic animals in sicily, italy during 2003-2005. serological (competitive elisa and indirect immunofluorescence antibody, n = 3299) and dna tests (polymerase chain reaction and reverse line blot, n = 2565) were conducted on horse, donkey, cattle, sheep, goat, pig and dog samples. pathogens analysed included anaplasma, ehrlichia, rickettsia, babesia and theileria species, and coxiella burne ... | 2007 | 17359441 |
| representin' in cyberspace: sexual scripts, self-definition, and hip hop culture in black american adolescent girls' home pages. | despite the importance of media in the lives of girls, sexuality researchers have largely overlooked how black american adolescent girls engage with media to construct sexual self-definitions and explore their emerging sexuality. this study investigated sexual scripts, self-definition, and hip hop culture in internet home pages constructed by black girls aged 14-17 years residing in southern states in the usa. although some girls in the sample constructed sexual self-representations that mirrore ... | 2007 | 17364724 |
| composition, physiochemical properties, nitrogen fraction distribution, and amino acid profile of donkey milk. | this study investigated the changes in chemical composition, nitrogen fraction distribution, and aa profile of milk samples obtained during lactation from the jiangyue breed of donkey in northwest china. results showed that donkey milk contained 9.53% total solids, 1.57% protein, 1.16% fat, 6.33% lactose, and 0.4% ash on average, which is more similar to mare and human milk than to the milk of other mammals. throughout the lactation investigated, ph and density were constant, protein and ash con ... | 2007 | 17369203 |
| detection and sequence determination of a new variant beta-lactoglobulin ii from donkey. | the sequence determination of a new variant of beta-lg ii, detected as a minor component by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (rp-hplc/esi-ms) analysis of the whey fraction from a milk sample taken from an individual donkey belonging to the 'ragusana' species of eastern sicily, is reported. direct rp-hplc/esi-ms analysis of the whey fraction from this milk sample allowed the identification of a new variant of beta-lg ii, based on the ... | 2007 | 17377935 |
| inhibition of camp-dependent protein kinase a: a novel cyclo-oxygenase-independent effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in adipocytes. | 1. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) [acetylsalicylic acid (ass), naproxen, nimesulide and piroxicam] decreased adrenaline- or dibutyryl camp-stimulated glycerol release in isolated adipocytes. we aimed to determine the mechanism of this nsaids action. 2. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decreased camp-dependent protein kinase a (pka) activity in rat adipocyte lysates and in a commercial bovine heart pka holoenzyme. if added before camp, nsaids impaired pka activation by the cy ... | 2007 | 17391277 |
| anti-synthetase syndrome: a new autoantibody to phenylalanyl transfer rna synthetase (anti-zo) associated with polymyositis and interstitial pneumonia. | autoantibodies directed against the aminoacyl trna synthetases are associated with myositis, arthritis, raynaud's phenomenon, mechanic's hands, fever and interstitial pneumonia, clinically referred to as the anti-synthetase syndrome (ass). the aim of this study was to characterize the autoantibody profile in a patient with clinical features of ass whose routine diagnostic testing was negative for the previously identified anti-synthetase autoantibodies. | 2007 | 17392287 |
| dacron or ptfe for above-knee femoropopliteal bypass. a multicenter randomised study. | to compare polytetrafluorethylene (ptfe) and polyester grafts (dacron) for above knee femoropopliteal bypass. | 2007 | 17400486 |
| neuroprotective effects of natural products: interaction with intracellular kinases, amyloid peptides and a possible role for transthyretin. | various studies reported on the neuroprotective effects of natural products, particularly polyphenols, widely present in food and beverages. for example, we have shown that resveratrol, a polyphenol contained present in red wine and other foods, activates the phosphorylation of protein kinase c (pkc), this effect being involved in its neuroprotective action against ass-induced toxicity. moreover, tea-derived catechin gallate esters inhibit the formation ass oligomers/fibrils, suggesting that thi ... | 2007 | 17406978 |
| a rehabilitation team approach to correct flexural deformities in a donkey foal. | | 1990 | 17423562 |
| cholesterol metabolism and brain amyloidosis: evidence for a role of copper in the clearance of abeta through the liver. | mounting evidence suggests that copper may influence the progression of alzheimer's disease by reducing clearance of the amyloid beta protein (ass) from the brain. we propose that abeta is cleared from the brain by tagging along with cholesterol/apoe in traversing the bbb, with subsequent incorporation into hdl for delivery of the toxin to the liver. it is suggested that either abc-a1 or lrp, or both are involved in abeta transport across the bbb, as well as normal cholesterol efflux. we have pr ... | 2007 | 17430242 |
| multiple domains of endopin 2a for serpin cross-class inhibition of papain. | the serpin endopin 2a inhibits the cysteine protease papain in cross-class inhibition. this study demonstrates the novel finding that both the non-rsl nh(2)-domain and the rsl domain with p1-p1' residues participate in endopin 2a inhibition. production of a chimeric mutant of endopin 2a with replacement of its nh(2)-domain with that of endopin 1 resulted in less effective inhibition of papain, indicated by its lower k(ass) association rate constant compared to wild-type endopin 2a. this chimeric ... | 2007 | 17451636 |
| complete cytogenetic and molecular response after imatinib treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia in a patient with atypical karyotype and bcr-abl b2a3 transcript. | the molecular hallmark of cml is the bcr-abl fusion gene, usually with specific breakpoints within abl intron 1 and bcr introns b2, b3, and e19. the amplification of the bcr-abl hybrid gene resulting from additional copies of the ph chromosome has been identified as a mechanism for imatinib (im) resistance. cytogenetic clonal evolution correlates with the accelerated phase of leukemia, whereas deletions in the derivative chromosome 9 are associated with a poor prognosis. relevance in im therapy ... | 2007 | 17452251 |
| a comparison of adults with antisocial personality traits with and without childhood conduct disorder. | antisocial personality disorder (aspd) in dsm-iv is unique among personality disorder diagnoses in requiring the individual to satisfy a number of childhood criteria in addition to relevant traits exhibited in adulthood. we examined the validity of this childhood requirement. | 2007 | 17453657 |
| global gene expression profiling of pax-fkhr fusion-positive alveolar and pax-fkhr fusion-negative embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas. | paediatric rhabdomyosarcomas (rms) are classified into two major subtypes based on histological appearance, embryonal (erms) and alveolar (arms), but this clinically critical distinction is often difficult on morphological grounds alone. arms, the more aggressive subtype, is associated in most cases with unique recurrent translocations fusing the pax3 or pax7 transcription factor genes to fkhr. in contrast, erms lacks unique genetic alterations. to identify novel diagnostic markers and potential ... | 2007 | 17471488 |
| cesarean section on maternal request: reasons for the request, self-estimated health, expectations, experience of birth and signs of depression among first-time mothers. | the purpose of this study was to investigate first-time mothers undergoing cesarean section in the absence of medical indication, their reason for the request, self-estimated health, experience of delivery, and duration of breastfeeding. we also aimed to study if signs of depression postpartum are more common in this group. | 2007 | 17486467 |
| characterisation of antibodies to chloramphenicol, produced in different species by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and biosensor technologies. | six polyclonal antisera to chloramphenicol (cap) were successfully raised in camels, donkeys and goats. as a comparison of sensitivity, ic50 values ranged from 0.3 ng ml(-1) to 5.5 ng ml(-1) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and from 0.7 ng ml(-1) to 1.7 ng ml(-1) by biosensor assay. the introduction of bovine milk extract improved the sensitivity of four of the antisera by elisa and two by biosensor assay; a reduction in sensitivity of the remaining antisera ranged by a factor of 1.1 ... | 2007 | 17499070 |
| long terminal repeat sequences from virulent and attenuated equine infectious anemia virus demonstrate distinct promoter activities. | in the early 1970s, the chinese equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) vaccine, eiav(dla), was developed through successive passages of a wild-type virulent virus (eiav(l)) in donkeys in vivo and then in donkey macrophages in vitro. eiav attenuation and cell tropism adaptation are associated with changes in both envelope and long terminal repeat (ltr). however, specific ltr changes during chinese eiav attenuation have not been demonstrated. in this study, we compared ltr sequences from both virul ... | 2007 | 17499380 |
| acute stress disorder in older, middle-aged and younger adults in reaction to the second lebanon war. | to compare rate of acute stress disorder (asd) and intensity of acute stress symptoms (ass) in younger, middle-aged and older israeli citizens exposed to missile attacks during the second lebanon war. | 2008 | 17503541 |
| long-term outcome associated with intratumoral chemotherapy with cisplatin for cutaneous tumors in equidae: 573 cases (1995-2004). | to determine outcome associated with cutaneous tumors treated via intratumoral chemotherapy with cisplatin and identify risk factors affecting local tumor control and complications in equidae. | 2007 | 17504043 |
| xenografting of adult mammalian testis tissue. | xenografting of testis tissue from immature males from several mammalian species to immunodeficient mouse hosts results in production of fertilization-competent sperm. however, the efficiency of testis tissue xenografting from adult donors has not been critically evaluated. testis tissue xenografting from sexually mature animals could provide an option to preserve the genetic material from valuable males when semen for cryopreservation cannot be collected. to assess the potential use of this tec ... | 2008 | 17512146 |
| argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinate lyase: two ornithine cycle enzymes from agaricus bisporus. | accumulation of high quantities of urea in fruiting bodies is a known feature of larger basidiomycetes. argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) and argininosuccinate lyase (asl) are two ornithine cycle enzymes catalysing the last two steps in the arginine biosynthetic pathway. arginine is the main precursor for urea formation. in this work the nucleotide sequences of the genes and corresponding cdnas encoding argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) and argininosuccinate lyase (asl) from agaricus bisporus ... | 2007 | 17512708 |
| carboxylate binding in polar solvents using pyridylguanidinium salts. | a series of thiourea and guanidinium derivatives have been prepared and their ability to bind a carboxylate group has been investigated. guanidinium 33, featuring two additional amides and a pyridine moiety, proved to be the most potent carboxylate binding site and was able to bind acetate in aqueous solvent systems (k(ass) = 480 m(-1) in 30% h(2)o-dmso). the pyridine moiety is critical to obtaining strong binding, and comparison with the binding properties of analogous compounds in which the py ... | 2007 | 17520138 |
| cirrhosis and endotoxin decrease urea synthesis in rats. | aim: in patients with cirrhosis, endotoxemia is frequent and the vitally important capacity for urea synthesis is impaired. the patients' mortality of infection is markedly increased, which could be related to adverse metabolic effects of endotoxins. the effects of endotoxins on in vivo urea synthesis and on urea cycle genes during cirrhosis are unknown. methods: we examined the effects of a low dose of 0.5 mg/kg ip lipopolysaccharide (lps) on the basal urea nitrogen synthesis rate (unsr), the c ... | 2007 | 17539997 |
| [dual platelet aggregation inhibition in coronary artery stent implantation--what is evidence-based?]. | dual platelet inhibition (asa and clopidogrel) is the generally accepted standard therapy to avoid stent thrombosis although clopidogrel is not approved for this indication in germany. the duration of dual platelet inhibition depends on the complexity of the stenosis, plaque activity and the type of stent implanted. recent analyses suggested that implantation of drug eluting stents is associated with a substantially higher rate of stent thrombosis when compared with bare metal stents. this in tu ... | 2007 | 17541871 |
| fluorescent in situ hybridization mapping of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in donkey. | the physical localization of the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) gene was performed on donkey chromosomes. bacterial artificial chromosome dna containing the equine egfr gene was used to map this gene by fluorescent in situ hybridization on donkey metaphase chromosomes. the gene was mapped on donkey 1q21.1 region. | 2007 | 17550360 |
| castration of donkey foals. | | 2007 | 17558033 |
| genetic screening of the lipoprotein lipase gene for mutations in chinese subjects with or without hypertriglyceridemia. | to investigate the association between the mutations in lipoprotein lipase gene and hypertriglyceridemia (htg). | 2007 | 17560523 |
| conjunctival fungal flora in healthy donkeys. | to identify and quantify ocular fungi from healthy donkeys living in the center of italy. | 2007 | 17565551 |
| dynein light chain association sequences can facilitate nuclear protein import. | nuclear localization sequence (nls)-dependent nuclear protein import is not conventionally held to require interaction with microtubules (mts) or components of the mt motor, dynein. here we report for the first time the role of sequences conferring association with dynein light chains (dlcs) in nls-dependent nuclear accumulation of the rabies virus p-protein. we find that p-protein nuclear accumulation is significantly enhanced by its dynein light chain association sequence (dlc-as), dependent o ... | 2007 | 17567954 |
| mitochondrial oxidative stress causes hyperphosphorylation of tau. | age-related neurodegenerative disease has been mechanistically linked with mitochondrial dysfunction via damage from reactive oxygen species produced within the cell. we determined whether increased mitochondrial oxidative stress could modulate or regulate two of the key neurochemical hallmarks of alzheimer's disease (ad): tau phosphorylation, and beta-amyloid deposition. mice lacking superoxide dismutase 2 (sod2) die within the first week of life, and develop a complex heterogeneous phenotype a ... | 2007 | 17579710 |
| a theoretical study on the mechanism of boron metathesis. | the mechanism of the boron metathesis reaction of the transition-metal-aminoborylene complex cp(co)(2)febn(ch(3))(2+) (8) with ex, where ex = h(3)po (9ap), h(3)aso (9bp), h(3)ps (9aq), h(3)ass (9bq), ch(3)chch(2) (9cr), (nh(2))(2)cch(2) (9dr), h(2)co (9ep), and (nh(2))(2)co (9dp) is investigated at the b3lyp/lanl2dz level. the analysis of bonding and charge distribution shows that the fe-borylene complex (8) is a fischer-type carbene analogue. the attack of the olefin takes place at the metal en ... | 2007 | 17602473 |
| characterization of the protein profile of donkey's milk whey fraction. | characterization of the protein profile of the whey fraction from a milk sample taken from an individual donkey belonging to the 'ragusana' species of the east of sicily is reported. direct rp-hplc/electrospray ionization (esi)-ms analysis of the whey fraction allowed the detection of some unknown components, together with the identification of already known whey proteins. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (maldi)-tof/ms and rp-hplc/esi-ms/ms analysis of the enzymatic digests of the un ... | 2007 | 17605147 |