| anti-influenza a virus activity of amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride in ferret tracheal ciliated epithelium. | the activities and toxicities of amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride against influenza a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) and a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) viruses were compared in organ cultures and ferret tracheal ciliated epithelium. pretreatment of cultures with concentrations (0.5 and 1 micrograms/ml) comparable to those found in human serum after oral administration of amantadine revealed that rimantadine produced significantly longer protection than amantadine against virus-induced cytopathi ... | 1982 | 7103458 |
| a comparative study of lysozyme and its secretion by tracheal epithelium. | tracheal explants from baboon, ferret, dog, mouse, hamster, rat guinea pig, chicken, sheep, rabbit and cat were maintained in vivo for 24 to 72 hr. bathing media were analyzed for lysozyme content. secretory rates were compared to the rate obtained for human trachea in our earlier work. these rates ranged from 807 micrograms lysozyme/g tissue/24 hr for human trachea to 11 micrograms lysozyme/g tissue/24 hr for chicken trachea. secretory rates for baboon, ferret dog, mouse, hamster, rat, and guin ... | 1982 | 7106064 |
| applications of ultrasound to veterinary diagnostics in a veterinary teaching hospital. | animal patients at colorado state university's veterinary teaching hospital as well as beagles at the collaborative radiological health laboratory (crhl) have been routinely evaluated using a variety of ultrasonic procedures that are commonplace in human medicine. the results from these clinical investigations have provided diagnostic information which in many cases has not been available using other clinical testing methods. dogs, cats, horses, and cattle have been the primary animals evaluated ... | 1982 | 7107192 |
| the role of vagal and intramural inhibitory reflexes in the regulation of intragastric pressure in the ferret. | 1. the step inflation technique combined with nerve section and pharmacological receptor blockade was used to determine the gastric distribution of the vagal inhibitory fibres and their role in the regulation of intragastric pressure in the anaesthetized ferret.2. under the conditions described the predominant effect of the vagus was inhibitory. the dorsal abdominal vagus mediated more inhibition than the ventral vagal trunk. there was partial overlap in the inhibitory effects of the two trunks ... | 1982 | 7108805 |
| a mobile rack of cages for ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | | 1982 | 7109533 |
| metabolism and excretion of a chromone carboxylic acid (fpl 52757) in various animal species. | 1. the disposition of the chromone carboxylic acid (fpl 52757) in several species has been investigated. the compound is extensively metabolized by hydroxylation in rat, mouse, ferret, squirrel monkey, cynomolgus monkey, rabbit, hamster, stumped-tailed macaque and baboon (e.g. 50-100% in rat, cynomolgus monkey and squirrel monkey). 2. the plasma clearance of the chromone in rat, rabbit and squirrel monkey was 138, 44 and 59 ml/kg per h respectively. plasma clearance by the dog was slower (13 ml/ ... | 1982 | 7113251 |
| mechanism of additive effects of digoxin and quinidine on contractility in isolated cardiac muscle. | to evaluate the mechanism of the effect of the interaction of digoxin and quinidine on myocardial contractility, ferret right ventricular papillary muscles were isolated and the effects of digoxin, 4 x 10(-7) m, quinidine, 1 x 10(5) m and atropine, 1.5 x 10(-6) m, on peak developed force, peak rate of development of force (df/dt) and time to peak tension were determined. the addition of quinidine to muscles treated with digoxin increased developed force 18 percent (p = 0.006) and df/dt 35 percen ... | 1982 | 7113931 |
| isolation of cryptococcus neoformans from a ferret. | | 1982 | 7115232 |
| barbiturates depress vagal motor pathway to ferret trachea at ganglia. | to determine which site in the vagal motor pathway to airway smooth muscle is most sensitive to depression by barbiturates, we recorded isometric muscle tension in vitro and stimulated the vagal motor pathway at four different sites before and after exposure to barbiturates. in isolated tracheal rings from ferrets, we stimulated muscarinic receptors in the neuromuscular junction by exogenous acetylcholine, postganglionic nerve fibers by electrical fluid stimulation, and the postsynaptic membrane ... | 1982 | 7118638 |
| voltage-clamp studies of transient inward current and mechanical oscillations induced by ouabain in ferret papillary muscle. | 1. we studied the effects of a toxic concentration of ouabain on transmembrane electrical activity and on mechanical behaviour of right ventricular papillary muscles from ferrets in a single sucrose-gap using current clamp and voltage clamp.2. ouabain (1.4-1.8 mum) induced oscillatory after-potentials and after-concentrations in current-clamp experiments. voltage clamp showed that the oscillatory after-potential was caused by a transient inward current, similar to that in purkinje fibres.3. the ... | 1982 | 7120138 |
| afferent activity evoked by natural stimulation of the biliary system in the ferret. | a technique for the natural stimulation of the biliary system which permits the distinction between noxious and innocuous intensities of stimulation has been developed in the ferret. male ferrets anaesthetized with urethane have been used. controlled distensions of the biliary system were produced and the nociceptive nature of the stimulus was ascertained by reflex increases in blood pressure. levels of biliary pressure that did not evoke changes in blood pressure were considered innocuous. usin ... | 1982 | 7122106 |
| fine structure of the retinal epithelium, bruch's membrane (complexus basalis) and choriocapillaris in the domestic ferret. | the fine structure of the retinal epithelium, choriocapillaris, and bruch's membrane has been studied by electron microscopy in the domestic ferret. the ferret possesses a tapetum cellulosum in the superior fundus, and the morphology of the retinal epithelium and its associated structures varies depending upon its relation to the tapetum. over the tapetum the retinal epithelium is a single layer of low cuboidal cells with basal infoldings and two types of apical process. internally the cells are ... | 1982 | 7124325 |
| polymedicine: known and unknown drug interactions. | despite more than 15 years of extensive scrutiny, adverse drug interactions, especially in the elderly, remain a problem for the clinician. a two-pronged approach is suggested to contend with drug interactions: detection or avoidance of known drug interactions; and predictions and characterization of hitherto unknown interactions. the former approach is aided by critical reference sources on the subject and the use of drug interaction screening aids such as drug interactions alert lists or rotat ... | 1982 | 7130593 |
| [experimental transmission of rabies to the ferret by an ixodoidea: pholeoixodes rugicollis (schultze and schlottke, 1929)]. | | 1982 | 7136476 |
| is estrogen required for implantation in the ferret? | a series of experiments was designed to further test the hypothesis that ferret corpora lutea synthesize and secrete estrogen between days 6 and 8 of pregnancy, and that this estrogen is required to initiate implantation of blastocysts on day 12. corpora lutea, removed on day 8 of pregnancy contained significant quantities of testosterone. incubation of aliquots of the same luteal tissue for 4 h significantly elevated estrogen levels above those of nonincubated controls. peripheral plasma estrog ... | 1982 | 7139007 |
| evaluation of a cold-recombinant influenza virus vaccine in ferrets. | cold-recombinant strains of influenza virus were derived at 25 c using an attenuated cold-adapted (ca) and temperature-sensitive (ts) a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) strain and wild-type (wt) strains of epidemic relevance. the cold recombinants were characterized in ferrets in terms of clinical manifestations, viral titers, and histopathologic lesions in turbinates and lungs. the data in ferrets showed that cold recombinants with six genes derived from the ca "master" strain and the two surface antigens ... | 1982 | 7142749 |
| spontaneous megakaryocytic myelosis in a four-year-old domestic ferret (mustela furo). | | 1982 | 7147617 |
| lethal occlusion of the gastrointestinal tract in two ferrets (mustela putorius furo l.) due to aberrant voracity. | | 1982 | 7148178 |
| late onset of hearing in the ferret. | onset of hearing in the ferret was judged by simple behavioral, physiological and anatomical indices. the ear canals do not open until the end of the first postnatal month. this coincides with the appearance of a startle response to loud hand claps and the recording of acoustically activated neurons in the midbrain. the late onset of hearing in the ferret (around 32 days postnatal) contrasts with the cat (6 days) and the mouse (12 days). | 1982 | 7150970 |
| fluid fluxes in the ferret trachea. | | 1982 | 7151961 |
| muscarinic receptors in lung and trachea: autoradiographic localization using [3h]quinuclidinyl benzilate. | [3h]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding to slide-mounted frozen sections of ferret lung was of high affinity (kd 63 +/- 14 pm, mean +/- s.e., n = 4), and characteristic of interaction with muscarinic cholinergic receptors. light microscopic autoradiography showed muscarinic receptors to be localized predominantly to smooth muscle of trachea and intrapulmonary cartilaginous airways, and to submucosal glands. there was much less labelling of bronchiolar smooth muscle, airway epithelium and vascular sm ... | 1982 | 7160426 |
| the inadequacy of rectal temperature measurements for assessing the effects of antiviral drugs on influenza virus infection of ferrets. | from 6 experiments in which 99 ferrets were infected with influenza virus a/finland/74 and treated with various agents which suppress virus shedding and other parameters of infection, we assessed whether rectal temperature correlated with nasal virus shedding. a number of temperature and virus-shedding related parameters were determined for each experiment but statistical analysis showed little correlation between them, although an elevated temperature occurred at some time after infection. the ... | 1982 | 7161369 |
| excretion and placental and mammary transfer of hexachlorobenzene in the european ferret (mustela putorius furo). | female european ferrets (mustela putorius furo) absorbed 98.5% of a single dietary exposure of hexachlorobenzene (hcb). the hcb was found to readily cross the placenta and to be excreted in the milk of pregnant/lactating ferrets. after consuming hcb-treated feed, ferrets raising offspring excreted 50% of the initial dose by 32 d, while unbred ferrets achieved this same degree of hcb elimination in 41 d. the percentages of hcb excreted via the urine and feces were approximately 5 and 45%, respect ... | 1982 | 7161840 |
| isolation of mycoplasmas from experimental ferrets (mustela putorius). | a total of 21 apparently healthy experimental ferrets, 8 males and 13 females, comprizing 1, 2 and 3 year-old animals were examined for mycoplasmatales. mycoplasmas were isolated from 17 samples of 21 oral cavities (81.0%), and from 2 of 21 nasal cavities (9.5%), but not from the prepuce or vagina of the animals. neither ureaplasma nor acholeplasma was demonstrated in any of the locations of the ferrets examined. these mycoplasma strains proved to metabolize glucose but not arginine and urea. th ... | 1982 | 7169088 |
| the developing ferret palate--a scanning electron microscope study: i. primary palate and secondary palatal shelves. | palatogenesis was studied in the ferret (mustela putorius) from day 27 to day 29 of gestation. at day 27 the primary palate is present as a flattened shield area, and the two secondary palatal shelves are directed at 45 degrees to the horizontal plane, passing downward on the lateral sides of the tongue, which occupies the space between them. by day 28 the primary palate is bulging convexly in the oral cavity, and the secondary palatal shelves have elevated and are in contact in the midline. fin ... | 1982 | 7174774 |
| effect of stimulation of the vagus nerve in bursts on gastric acid secretion and motility in the anaesthetized ferret. | 1. the effect of electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve with different patterns of impulses (the total number of stimuli remaining constant) on gastric acid secretion and gastric motility were investigated in the anaesthetized ferret. three stimulus patterns were used: continuous, bursts at ten times the continuous frequency but for a tenth of the time, and a natural burst pattern obtained from a recording of vagal efferent fibre discharge. 2. the natural burst pattern gave rise to gastric co ... | 1982 | 7182473 |
| the effect of immunes on the spread of distemper in small ferret populations. | | 1980 | 7189705 |
| unlike rats, ferrets do kill under antidepressants. | | 1980 | 7190226 |
| the spontaneous discharge in abdominal vagal efferents in the dog and ferret. | this study demonstrates by collision that vagal efferent fibres project from the dorsal medulla to the intra-abdominal organs in the dog and ferret. the efferents had a low frequency (below 5 hz) spontaneous discharge with the majority having a unimodal distribution of interspike intervals. this background level of activity is sufficient to account for the basal levels of secretion and motility observed during the interdigestive period. | 1980 | 7191105 |
| cisplatin-induced emesis in the ferret: a new animal model. | the ferret, a carnivore weighing about 1 kg, was evaluated for its potential use in testing drugs for emetic and antiemetic activity. an acute emetic response to apomorphine indicated that the ferret can respond to emetic stimuli and suggested that the ferret has an emetic chemoreceptor trigger zone. cisplatin produced a dose-related emetic response. antagonism with metoclopramide provided complete protection from cisplatin-induced emesis. the results of these initial studies indicate that the f ... | 1982 | 7198011 |
| the role of the vagus and splanchnic nerves in the regulation of intragastric pressure in the ferret. | 1. the role of the vagus and splanchnic nerves in the regulation of intragastric pressure was investigated by quantifying the effect of nerve section on the response to a standard fluid inflation of the stomach. an opportunity was also taken to compare the responses to a step and physiological ramp inflation of the same volume (50 ml). 2. the peak pressure at the end ot the step inflation (13.6 +/- 1.0 cmh2o) was twice that for a ramp inflation (6.2 +/- 0.4 cmh2o). 5 min after the peak the press ... | 1980 | 7205670 |
| can you catch rabies from your ferret? probably not. | | 1981 | 7206171 |
| a technique for chronic jugular catheterization in the ferret. | a technique was developed to provide an efficient method for blood sampling and intravenous drug administration in the ferret by using an indwelling jugular catheter. | 1981 | 7208565 |
| heterotypic immunity to influenza in ferrets. | heterotypic immunity to influenza virus in ferrets operated against heterotypic influenza viruses but not heterologous viruses. contrary to prior reports, the protection conferred lasted for at least 18 months. this type of immunity limited virus shedding but did not prevent infection. these results suggest that this phenomenon could play a role in determining the severity of infections caused by type a influenza viruses in humans. | 1980 | 7216432 |
| external features of the developing ferret embryo. | | 1981 | 7225068 |
| ultrastructure of the nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (clara) cell of mammalian lung. iii. a study of man with comparison of 15 mammalian species. | two morphologic characteristics have been used to define the nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cell: (1) abundance of agranular endoplasmic reticulum (aer) and (2) numerous membrane-bound ovoid granules. in this study, we examined lobectomy specimens from three nonsmoking humans: one male (9.5 yr) and two females (62 and 43 yr) for comparison with lung specimens from mammalian species used as experimental models in lung research. following fixation by airway infusion at constant pressure (20 cm ... | 1980 | 7227344 |
| is there a functional large intestine in the ferret? | the intestine of the ferret (putorius furo) is unusual in that there is no external anatomical division between ileum and colon. up to 8-10 cm from the anus the electrical activity was organized into migrating myoelectric complexes typical of the small intestine. at this point the pattern of electrical activity changed abruptly to that characteristic of the colon, namely short and long spike burst activity. histological examination showed that at this point the muscular layers were interrupted b ... | 1981 | 7238786 |
| equine influenza in the netherlands during the winter of 1978-1979; antigenic drift of the a-equi 2 virus. | influenza virus a-equi 2(heq2neq2) caused an epizootic in the netherlands in the winter of 1978-1979. horses vaccinated with a/equi/praha/56 (heq1neq1) and a/equi/miami/63 (heq2neq2) were also infected and showed clinical signs. the virus involved showed a marked antigenic drift from the prototype and vaccine strain a/equi/miami/63 (heq2neq2). infection of ferrets with the dutch/79 isolates gave rise to high haemagglutination-inhibition antibody titres to a number of a-equi 2-1963, 1968 and 1979 ... | 1981 | 7245173 |
| pulmonary mechanisms of the normal ferret. | pulmonary mechanics were measured in normal anesthetized male fitch ferrets (200-360 g). in eight transorally intubated ferrets, pressure-volume (pv) curves for the lung and chest wall were obtained with an esophageal balloon and body plethysmograph. the lung volumes and capacities expressed as a percentage of the total lung capacity (mean, 49.8 ml) were: vital capacity, 84.7%; inspiratory capacity, 63.7%; inspiratory reserve volume, 58.2%; functional residual capacity, 33.8%; expiratory reserve ... | 1981 | 7263363 |
| surgical extirpation and related anatomy of anal sacs of the ferret. | | 1981 | 7263475 |
| toxicity of amantadine and rimantadine for the ciliated epithelium of ferret tracheal rings. | | 1981 | 7264372 |
| feed consumption and food passage time in mink (mustela vison) and european ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | the amount of feed consumed per day and the rate of food passage was measured in mink and european ferrets. daily feed consumption averaged 40 and 42 g dry matter per kg body weight for male mink and ferrets and 53 and 49 g dry matter per kg body weight for female mink and ferrets, respectively. using ferric oxide as a feed marker, no differences were observed in food passage time between mink and ferrets or between males and females within each species. the mean time of food passage was 187 min ... | 1981 | 7265904 |
| ketamine alone and combined with diazepam or xylazine in laboratory animals: a 10 year experience. | ketamine alone or supplemented by diazepam or xylazine has been used and evaluated as an anaesthetic in a range of animals including snakes, tortoises, lizards, birds, ferrets, dogs, cats, pigs, sheep, goats, non-human primates, rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, mice and hamsters. ketamine alone has severe limitations in most species, but in combination has proved valuable. | 1981 | 7278122 |
| the ultrastructure of the atrioventricular junctional tissues in the newborn ferret heart. | in this study the structure of the atrioventricular (av) node and bundle in the newborn ferret heart was examined by light and electron microscopy. at the light microscopic level the av node could be subdivided into deep and superficial portions. electron microscopy revealed that both superficial and deep av nodal cells were characterized by a paucity of myofibrils, desmosomes, fasciae adherentes and gap junctions. deep v nodal cells, however, had more surface specializations than did superficia ... | 1981 | 7282572 |
| studies of pineal and hypothalamic 5-ht in the ferret. | using a highly sensitive and specific radioenzymatic assay for serotonin (5-ht) in conjunction with a simple reliable technique for removal of small areas of hypothalamus, 5-ht levels have been determined at three time points in several areas of the anterior hypothalamus and the pineal of ovariectomized ferrets housed in long or short day photoperiod. the rhythm seen in all areas of anterior hypothalamus and the pineal was similar in both photoperiods. the data conflict with a previous report fr ... | 1981 | 7284841 |
| histogenesis of the ferret retina. | | 1981 | 7286087 |
| differential distribution of virus and histological damage in the lower respiratory tract of ferrets infected with influenza viruses of differing virulence. | the distribution of four strains of influenza virus [a/pr/8/34 (h0n1) and clone 64d (attenuated for ferrets) and clones 64c and 7a (virulent for ferrets) of the recombinant virus a/pr/8/34--a/england/939/69 (h3n2)] in the lower respiratory tract (trachea, bronchi and the hilar, intermediate and outer alveolar zones of the lung) of ferrets was monitored daily for 4 days after intranasal inoculation. on day 1, some animals had high virus titres in all the tissues but in other animals virus was und ... | 1981 | 7288401 |
| analysis of antigenic drift in the haemagglutinin molecule of influenza b virus with monoclonal antibodies. | antigenic drift in the haemagglutinin (ha) molecule of influenza b viruses was studied with monoclonal antibodies. antigenic drift occurred in each of the 12 different epitopes studied and there was evidence that at least two antigenically distinguishable influenza b virus strains can co-circulate during an epidemic. the frequency of antigenic variation in the ha of influenza a strains. haemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests on antigenic variants selected with 12 different monoclonal antibodies ... | 1981 | 7288409 |
| tracheal submucosal gland serous cells stimulated in vitro with adrenergic and cholinergic agonists. a morphometric study. | a morphometric analysis was made of alterations in serous cell structure induced by adrenergic and cholinergic agonists. ferret tracheal rings were exposed for 30 min in vitro to one of the following agonists: phenylephrine, terbutaline, or methacholine (all at 10(-5) m). controls were incubated similarly in medium containing no drugs or medium containing both the agonist and an excess of the appropriate antagonist (phentolamine, propranolol or atropine, all at 10(-4) m). electron microscopic ob ... | 1981 | 7296643 |
| steady-state vascular responses to graded hypoxia in isolated lungs of five species. | in the isolated pig lung exposed to graded levels of hypoxia, steady-state pulmonary vasomotor tone is maximum at an o2 tension (po2) of 50 torr. below 50-torr decreases in po2 cause steady-state tone to fall below this maximum. to determine whether this stimulus-response relation was peculiar to pigs, we measured the steady-state relation between po2 and vasomotor tone in the isolated lungs of dogs, rabbits, cats, and ferrets, by using identical techniques in each species. marked species differ ... | 1981 | 7298460 |
| quantitative morphological analysis of interatrial muscle cells in the ferret heart. | cells located in the interatrial septum of the ferret heart were examined and mean cell volume, surface area, length, width, as well as cell length/width and surface area/volume ratios were obtained. the muscle cells were from two different regions. one region was the area of the middle internodal tract while the other was from the area where the anterior and middle internodal tracts intermingled. based on the data obtained, at least two different subpopulations of interatrial muscle cells could ... | 1981 | 7305022 |
| replication of avian influenza a viruses in mammals. | the recent appearance of an avian influenza a virus in seals suggests that viruses are transmitted from birds to mammals in nature. to examine this possibility, avian viruses of different antigenic subtypes were evaluated for their ability to replicate in three mammals-pigs, ferrets, and cats. in each of these mammals, avian strains replicated to high titers in the respiratory tract (10(5) to 10(7) 50% egg infective doses per ml of nasal wash), with peak titers at 2 to 4 days post-inoculation, s ... | 1981 | 7309229 |
| the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the normal ferret and its postnatal development. | the anterograde transport of 3h proline and of horseradish peroxidase has been used to study the retinogeniculate pathway in normal adult ferrets and in young ferrets during postnatal development. the lateral geniculate nucleus in adults shows a characteristic "carnivore" pattern, with layers a, a1, c, c1, c2, and c3, and a medial interlaminar nucleus recognizable either cytoarchitectonically or on the basis ofth retinogeniculate innervation. in addition, there is a well-defined, rather large pe ... | 1981 | 7309920 |
| modulation of vagal efferent fibre discharge by mechanoreceptors in the stomach, duodenum and colon of the ferret. | 1. a single-fibre-dissection technique was used to investigate the reflex modulation of vagal efferent fibre discharge by afferent fibres from various parts of the gastrointestinal tract of the urethane-anaesthetized ferret. 2. all but four of the 168 efferent fibres isolated in this study were spontaneously active. the majority of these had discharge frequencies of less than 6 spikes/sec. 3. all the efferent units received an afferent input from mechanoreceptors in the stomach. two main types o ... | 1981 | 7320920 |
| quantitative significance of hypoxic vasoconstriction in the ferret lung. | stimulus-response curves for the pulmonary vascular bed to alveolar hypoxia have been measured in ferrets under conditions of perfusion either at constant pressure or a constant flow in vivo or in isolated lungs. in all circumstances the relationship between alveolar oxygen tension and the fall in blood flow or rise in pulmonary artery pressure was sigmoid although there were important differences between the in vivo and in vitro preparations. the significance of these observations in constant ... | 1981 | 7335988 |
| conference on the ferret as an alternative species in teratology and toxicology. june 25-26, 1981, stanford, california. | | 1981 | 7336355 |
| vagal afferent discharge from mechanoreceptors in different regions of the ferret stomach. | 1. the rate and volume of gastric filling was estimated in conscious ferrets by measuring the amount of milk they would drink after an overnight fast. the mean volume was 94.5 +/- 7.5 ml. at a rate of 13.0 +/- 0.74 ml./min. an intragastric infusion rate of 10 ml./min to a total of 50 ml. was selected as a standard distension stimulus. 2. action potentials were recorded from single gastric afferent fibres in the cervical vagus. all but two of thirty-six afferent units were tonically active when t ... | 1980 | 7359436 |
| reflex excitation of antral motility induced by gastric distension in the ferret. | 1. in the urethane anaesthetized ferret gastric inflation with 50 ml. 0.9% nacl at a rate of 10 ml./min evoked large gastric contractions. the threshold of intragastric pressure required to elicit the reflex was 3.1 +/- 0.5 cmh2o. 2. the response was enhanced by splanchnic nerve section and markedly reduced by bilateral cervical vagotomy, indicating that both afferent and efferent limbs of the reflex were in the vagus nerves. 3. by using a transected stomach it was shown that distension of the c ... | 1980 | 7359444 |
| simple technique for bleeding ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | 3-5 ml of blood can be obtained routinely from the tail of a conscious ferret without affecting the wellbeing of the animal. the development of this technique makes the ferret more readily available as an alternative species for multidose toxicity studies. | 1980 | 7359890 |
| experimental infection of hedgehog, hamsters, rabbits and ferrets with the virus lednice. | | 1980 | 7364349 |
| aspects of virulence in ferrets exhibited by influenza virus recombinants of known genetic constitution. | | 1980 | 7365283 |
| the age dependence of respiratory syncytial virus growth in ferret lung can be shown in organ and monolayer cultures. | | 1980 | 7371226 |
| aromatase activity in corpora lutea of the ferret. | | 1980 | 7388106 |
| a scanning electron microscopic study of the atrioventricular bundle of the ferret. | scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the three-dimensional morphology of atrioventricular (av) bundle cells in the ferret heart. these cells are organized into fascicles with extensive intercellular contact between cells within a fascicle and less contact between cells of different fascicles. the cell surface shows conspicuous ridges and depressions, as well as smooth regions. the distribution of myofibrils within an av bundle cell is not uniform. mitochondria of these cells are oval ... | 1980 | 7388892 |
| the metabolic n-oxidation of 3-substituted pyridines in various animal species in vivo. | the intraperitoneal administration of pyridine, 3-methylpyridine and 3-chloropyridine to mice, hamsters, rats, guinea-pigs, rabbits and ferrets, resulted in the urinary excretion of their n-oxides. pyridine-n-oxide was found to be a quantitatively important metabolite of pyridine in all the species studied; the percentage of the dose excreted in the urine as pyridine-n-oxide ranged from 10% in rats to about 40% in mice and guinea-pigs. 3-chloropyridine-n-oxide and 3-methylpyridine-n-oxide accoun ... | 1980 | 7389753 |
| angiotensin, hypoxia, verapamil and pulmonary vessels. | 1. the action of angiotensin ii on lung vessels was compared in dogs, cats, ferrets and rats using isolated perfused lungs and lobes of lungs perfused in vivo, both at constant flow, so that increases in inflow pressure at constant outflow pressure indicated increases in resistance. 2. angiotensin ii caused some increases in resistance in dogs, cats and rats but not ferrets. the increases were small compared with changes in the systemic circulation. larger increases could be obtained in isolated ... | 1980 | 7398135 |
| smooth-muscle hyperplasia and neoplasia in the ovaries of domestic ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | twenty cases of ovarian leiomyoma in a colony of ferrets are described. the tumour appears to be relatively frequent in this species which is in general noted for its lack of susceptibility to spontaneous and induced neoplasia. | 1980 | 7400878 |
| neutral carrier ion-selective microelectrodes for measurement of intracellular free calcium. | this paper describes the making and testing of calcium-selective microelectrodes for measurement of intracellular [free ca2+] levels. pipettes of tip outer diameter down to 0.4 micron were siliconized by a novel and easy method of vapor treatment. the tips were filled with a sensor mixture using the neutral ligand and solvent of oehme et al. (oehme, m., kessler, m. and simon, w. (1976) chimia (aarau) 30, 204-206) but with very hydrophobic cations replacing na+ in the salt component. this change ... | 1980 | 7407109 |
| the gastric motility patterns induced by direct and reflex excitation of the vagus nerves in the anaesthetized ferret. | 1. under urethane anaesthesia the ferret has a stomach which exhibited spontaneous contractions. the amplitude of the contractions was reduced, but never abolished, by vagotomy, atropine or hexamethonium. 2. electrical stimulation of the cut peripheral end of the cervical or abdominal vagus nerves activated both excitatory and inhibitory fibres, whereas reflex activation by stomach distension or by cytoglucopenia was predominantly excitatory on gastric motility. the magnitude of the response to ... | 1980 | 7411457 |
| studies of influenza virus infection in newborn ferrets. | influenza virus infection by the intranasal route was found to be invariably fatal in newborn ferrets. some obviously died of influenza pneumonia; others died of aspiration pneumonia or showed only minimal or non-specific changes in the lungs. all, however, had severe lesions in the upper respiratory tract, and it is suggested that obstruction of airways and oesophageal passages, in combination with feeding difficulties, played a major role in causing death. the relevance of the findings to the ... | 1980 | 7431374 |
| [use of monoclonal antibodies for the antigenic analysis of the hemagglutinin of influenza viruses (h3n2) isolated in the ussr in 1979-1980]. | monoclonal antibodies for the a/england/864/75 strain hemagglutinin were used for antigenic analysis of influenza a (h3n2) viruses isolated in the ussr in december 1979--january 1980. the results of studies with 5 different monoclones were compared with those obtained with postinfection ferret sera. it was shown that several variants of epidemic strain could circulate during one epidemic season. the epidemic in the ussr in december, 1979--january 1980 was caused by influenza viruses h3n2 similar ... | 1980 | 7434736 |
| peripheral functional organisation of vagally evoked gastric motor responses in the ferret. | the aims of the present study were to determine the relative amplitudes of intragastric motor responses evoked by different vagal branches and to establish whether the effects of acute or chronic vagotomy could be predicted from these data. intragastric pressure responses to electrical stimulation of the vagus were measured in urethane-anaesthetised ferrets and acute or chronic vagotomies were performed. the results show that the left and right cervical vagi were equipotential and fully overlape ... | 1980 | 7439800 |
| a scanning electron microscopic study of the ferret atrioventricular node. | the atrioventricular (av) node and surrounding transitional zone in the ferret heart were examined with scanning electron microscopy. this permitted the direct visualization of the three-dimensional cell shape, as well as intercellular relationships. transitional cells were roughly cylindrical with extensively branching end processes. these cells were apposed to many adjacent transitional cells. the superficial av nodal cells were smaller than transitional cells and were fusiform in shape. most ... | 1980 | 7446436 |
| development of ferret limb buds in organ culture. | the forelimb bud explants from ferret embryos at days 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 of gestation were cultured in a trowell organ culture system. satisfactory differentiation of the limb bud skeleton was achieved with limbs from embryos explanted at 22 days of gestation (up to 50 somites). limb buds explanted at 20 and 21 days had poorly differentiated distal segments while those explanted at 23 and 24 days of pregnancy provided less information because chondrogenesis was already under way at the beginn ... | 1980 | 7462101 |
| dopamine and noradrenaline levels in peripheral tissues of several mammalian species. | tissue levels of dopamine (da) and noradrenaline (na) have been compared in atrium, spleen, mesenteric artery, vas deferens and renal cortex of sexually mature rats, guinea-pigs, ferrets, rabbits and cats. the results suggest the presence of dopaminergic autonomic axons in the cat renal cortex, as has been previously reported for the dog. such nerves are probably sparse or absent in the kidneys of the other species examined. | 1981 | 7463085 |
| metastatic, papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the mammary gland in a black-footed ferret. | a simple, papillary cystic adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland with metastases to the internal iliac and mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and spleen was observed in a 12 to 13 year old female black-footed ferret (mustela nigripes). histologically, the tumor was aggressive, and lymphatic invasion was found. attempts at virus isolation were negative. other findings were bilateral infarcts in the kidneys, apparently resulting in acute renal shutdown and death, multiple thrombi in the right atrium, ao ... | 1980 | 7463613 |
| salicylate-induced teratogenesis in the ferret. | | 1980 | 7464451 |
| altered sexual partner preference in male ferrets given excitotoxic lesions of the preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus. | numerous experiments suggest that perinatal exposure of male vertebrates to testosterone (t), or its estrogenic metabolites, masculinizes aspects of coital function, including males' characteristic preference to seek out and mate with a female as opposed to another male conspecific. other research has shown that this perinatal action of sex steroids also masculinizes aspects of neuronal morphology in the medial preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (mpoa/ah). we asked whether neurons of the mpoa/a ... | 1995 | 7472423 |
| the effects of compensated cardiac hypertrophy on dihydropyridine and ryanodine receptors in rat, ferret and guinea-pig hearts. | the number of dihydropyridine and ryanodine receptors (dhp-r and ryr) has been measured in control and hypertrophied ventricles from rats, guinea pigs and ferrets to determine whether these two channels contribute to the alterations in excitation-contraction coupling (ecc), and in ca2+ transient during compensated cardiac hypertrophy. we found that ventricular hypertrophy did not change the density of dhp-r. mild hypertrophy did not alter the density of ryr in the rat but decreased it in the gui ... | 1995 | 7473781 |
| thymoma in two ferrets. | a cranial mediastinal mass was observed radiographically in two 5-year-old adult male ferrets (mustela putorius furo), both with histories of chronic episodic vomiting, dyspnea, and lethargy. malignant lymphoma, a common neoplasm observed in ferrets, was considered the most likely diagnosis. cardiomegaly and splenomegaly were also present. histologically both mediastinal masses were composed of thymic epithelial cells and small lymphocytes, establishing a diagnosis of thymoma. thymoma should now ... | 1995 | 7474872 |
| effects of a new inotropic drug (dn-9693) on ca2+ transients and contraction in ferret ventricular muscles. | we investigated the mechanisms of the effects of a newly synthesized cyclic amp phosphodiesterase inhibitor (pdei: 1,5-dihydro-7-(1-piperidinyl)imidazo[2,1-beta]quinazolin- 2(3h)-one dihydrochloride hydrate, dn-9693) on intracellular ca2+ transients and tension in ferret papillary muscles. we used the aequorin method to measure ca2+ transients in intact preparations. dn-9693 (1-100 microm) increased the peaks of both ca2+ transients and tension. the potentiation of ca2+ transients by dn-9693 was ... | 1995 | 7475047 |
| use-dependent effects of the class iii antiarrhythmic agent ne-10064 (azimilide) on cardiac repolarization: block of delayed rectifier potassium and l-type calcium currents. | we studied the effects of ne-10064 (azimilide), a new antiarrhythmic agent reported to be a selective blocker of the slowly activating component of the delayed rectifier, iks. in ferret papillary muscles, ne-10064 increased effective refractory period (erp) and decreased isometric twitch tension in a concentration-dependent manner (0.3-30 microm). increases in erp showed reverse use-dependence, and were greater at 1 than at 3 hz. in contrast, changes in tension were use dependent, with larger de ... | 1995 | 7475051 |
| multi-electrode array for measuring evoked potentials from surface of ferret primary auditory cortex. | using silicon-integrated circuit technology, we have fabricated a flexible multi-electrode array and used it for measuring evoked potentials at the surface of the ferret primary auditory cortex (ai). traditionally, maps of cortical activity are recorded from numerous sequential penetrations with a single electrode. a common problem with this approach is that the state of the cortex (defined in part by level of anesthesia and number of active cells) changes during the time required to generate th ... | 1995 | 7475229 |
| [influenza in the 1994/95 season; composition of vaccine for the 1995/96 season]. | the 1994/'95 season in the netherlands was marked by a limited influenza activity which only emerged in late february. the influenza activity remained elevated until the end of april, which is unusually late, and epidemic activity was only reported in the south of the country. both influenza a/h3n2 and b viruses were isolated in this period. in addition, influenza a/hini viruses were isolated for the first time since march 1993, from two patients. the majority of the influenza a strains that cir ... | 1995 | 7477582 |
| oral microflora of the ferret at the gingival sulcus and mucosa membrane in relation to ligature-induced periodontitis. | the aim of this study was to describe, in the domestic ferret, the composition of the normal gingival sulcus and the near related mucosa microflora and the shift in the composition during an acute periodontal breakdown induced by the placement of ligatures. five animals were used. at the start of the experiment (day 0) and before the placement of the ligatures, 2 microbiological samples were obtained from the gingival sulcus and the related mucosa at the mid-buccal surface of the right upper p4. ... | 1994 | 7478754 |
| acrolein-induced smooth muscle hyperresponsiveness and eicosanoid release in excised ferret tracheae. | acrolein is a ubiquitous toxic air pollutant that can have adverse lung effects. to understand the mechanism governing airway reactivity in relation to acrolein uptake, in vitro experiments were conducted in which excised tracheae from ferrets were exposed for 1 hr to a unidirectional constant flow (100 ml/min) of an acrolein-in-air mixture at several concentrations (0-12.5 ppm). during exposure, acrolein uptake into the trachea was determined by a chromatographic analysis of gas samples taken a ... | 1995 | 7482538 |
| 4-guanidino-neu5ac2en fails to protect chickens from infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. | the effectiveness of the novel sialidase inhibitor 4-guanidino-neu5ac2en, which is highly effective in mouse and ferret models of influenza virus infection (von itzstein et al. (1993) nature 363, 418-423), has been assessed as a prophylactic agent in the prevention of infection of chickens with highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. at best a small delay in the onset of pyrexia and death was observed with one strain of fowl plague virus, but not with two other strains. these results demonstr ... | 1995 | 7486955 |
| choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive neurones in a prevertebral sympathetic ganglion, the inferior mesenteric ganglion. | using immunohistochemical techniques a small population of choline acetyltransferase (chat) immunoreactive (ir) neurones has been identified in the inferior mesenteric ganglion (img) of guinea pig (4.6% of all neurones), ferret (6.4%) and rat (0.4%). a detailed study in the guinea-pig img revealed that the vast majority of cholinergic neurones did not express tyrosine hydroxylase (th)-ir, indicating that they were non-catecholaminergic. the cholinergic neurones were significantly larger than the ... | 1995 | 7490421 |
| relaxation in ferret ventricular myocytes: role of the sarcolemmal ca atpase. | in ferret ventricular myocytes the rate of intracellular ca concentration [ca]i decline and relaxation is remarkably fast (compared with rabbit and rat) under conditions where both the sarcoplasmic reticulum ca uptake and na/ca exchange are inhibited. here we explore the possibility that this rapid [ca]i decline in ferret cells is attributable to the sarcolemmal ca atpase by using carboxyeosin (a potent inhibitor of the sarcolemmal ca-atpase). we compare the effects of carboxyeosin with those of ... | 1995 | 7491284 |
| development of the chiasm of a marsupial, the quokka wallaby. | we have previously shown that the mature optic chiasm of a marsupial is divided morphologically into three regions, two lateral regions in which ipsilaterally projecting axons are confined and a central region containing only contralaterally projecting axons. by contrast, in the chiasms of eutherian (placental) mammals studied to date, there is no tripartite configuration. ipsilaterally and contralaterally projecting axons from each eye are mixed in the caudal nerve and in each hemichiasm and en ... | 1995 | 7499544 |
| spindle waves are propagating synchronized oscillations in the ferret lgnd in vitro. | 1. the cellular features of propagation of spindle waves and a bicuculline-induced slow oscillation through sagittal slices of the ferret dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (lgnd) maintained in vitro were examined with simultaneous extracellular and intracellular recordings from up to eight sites. spindle waves typically propagated along the long axis (dorsal-ventral) of the sagittal slice at a speed of 0.3-1.5 mm/s and were synchronized along the line of projection between the perigeniculate nuc ... | 1995 | 7500152 |
| two cases of pyloric adenocarcinoma in the ferret (mustela putorius furo). | | 1995 | 7502468 |
| the connectivity of the area postrema in the ferret. | the area postrema (ap) is the chemosensitive trigger zone for the emetic reflex. we have investigated the connectivity of the ap and adjacent solitary complex (sc) to identify possible sites of the motor emetic center. the ap and sc were infused with hrp or wga-hrp in 30 ferrets that were perfused transcardially after 24-72 h. a block from the pons to upper cervical spinal cord, and one with hypothalamus and basal forebrain, was cut at 50 microns, reacted, and mounted. data support the conclusio ... | 1994 | 7506111 |
| the central connections of the vagus nerve in the ferret. | the vagus nerve mediates emesis due to gastric irritation. the central representation of the vagus in the ferret was studied to establish how the nerve is connected to areas important in the regulation of emesis. in a series of 10 ferrets, wga-hrp injections (10 microliters) were made into the nodose ganglion. after 24-48 h, animals were reanesthetized and perfused transcardially. a block extending from the pons to upper cervical spinal cord was cut at 50 microns and sections reacted. nodose gan ... | 1994 | 7506112 |
| anti-emetic profile of a non-peptide neurokinin nk1 receptor antagonist, cp-99,994, in ferrets. | in the ferret, 5-ht3 receptor antagonists are effective in controlling emesis produced by cytotoxic agents or radiation. to investigate the possibility that substance p has a role, as well as 5-ht, in the emetic reflex pathway, we have examined the anti-emetic effects of a nk1 receptor antagonist (racemic cp-99,994) in the ferret. racemic cp-99,994 was effective against a range of emetogens, comprising cytotoxic drugs, radiation, morphine, ipecacuanha and copper sulphate. | 1993 | 7506663 |
| a method for determining the activity state of hair follicles. | a histological method is described for determining the proportion of growing hair follicles in skin samples. a variation of the sacpic staining method, modified for bulk processing, produces high contrast staining of the principal tissue types present in skin. in particular, the inner root sheath is accentuated, facilitating detection of active follicles. skin preparations from a range of species are used to illustrate structural characteristics of follicles viewed in cross section at various st ... | 1993 | 7507355 |
| the role of endocardial endothelium in the modulation of myocardial contraction in the isolated whole heart. | selective damage to the endocardial endothelium in isolated papillary muscle preparations has been shown to produce an abbreviation of contraction, changes which were also observed following an increase in myocardial cyclic gmp in those preparations. in the present study we have investigated the effects of removing the endocardium and increasing myocardial cyclic gmp on contractile parameters in isolated langendorff perfused ferret hearts, where the myocardial mass underlying the endocardium is ... | 1993 | 7507721 |
| auditory brainstem of the ferret: long survival following cochlear removal progressively changes projections from the cochlear nucleus to the inferior colliculus. | some effects on auditory brainstem connections of long (1-2.3 years) survival following unilateral cochlear removal in infant and adolescent ferrets were examined by making multiple injections of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (wga-hrp) in either the left or the right inferior colliculus (ic). previous studies have shown that, in normal adult ferrets, about 50 times as many cochlear nucleus (cn) neurons project to the contralateral as to the ipsilateral ic. right coch ... | 1994 | 7507942 |
| development of the thalamic reticular nucleus in ferrets with special reference to the perigeniculate and perireticular cell groups. | this study describes the development of the ferret thalamic reticular nucleus from nissl-stained and from parvalbumin-immunostained sections. from early stages [embryonic day (e) 23-e25], there is a large group of ventral thalamic cells which lies between the dorsal thalamus and the primordial internal capsule. this group of cells, the primordial reticular nucleus, gives rise to the main body of the reticular nucleus, the perigeniculate nucleus and the perireticular nucleus. in the reticular nuc ... | 1994 | 7513240 |
| capsaicin-sensitive stretch responses in ferret trachealis muscle. | 1. stretch-induced electrical and mechanical responses in segments of ferret trachealis muscle were studied. stretches and post-stretch length changes were quantified by measuring distances between two marker spheres placed on the muscle surface. electrical responses were determined by measuring membrane potential in the muscle cell syncytium. 2. smooth muscle mechanical and electrical responses to the stretch manoeuvre were characterized by an initial shortening and depolarization phase and a r ... | 1994 | 7517450 |