| biological activity of the slime and endotoxin of the periodontopathic organism eikenella corrodens. | a partially purified water-soluble slime extract was obtained from two strains of the oral pathogen eikenella corrodens, designated cs10 a and cs10 b. endotoxin was also isolated from this organism by the phenol-water extraction procedure. assays including the local shwartzman skin reactivity, chicken embryo lethality, limulus lysate clotting, spleen cell mitogenicity, and immune adjuvancy were used to test the biological properties of these two bacterial extracts. in each of these assay systems ... | 1979 | 161911 |
| serotonergic and electric shock effects on tonic immobility: evidence for independent systems. | | 1978 | 162189 |
| biological characters and bacteriophage typing of staphylococcus aureus isolated from chicken staphylococcosis and commercial balanced chicken food in argentine. | during 1976-78, 33 s. aureus strains were isolated from chickens suffering from dermatitis and septicemia, omphalitis, pneumonia, arthritis and tenosynovitis; and from a commercial balanced chicken food. all the strains were classified into the biotype b of hájek and marsálek. twenty-nine (87.8%) strains could be classified into sato et al biological type 4 although they differed from it in its ability to grow at 45 degrees c. the remaining 4 strains differed from the others because they failed ... | 1979 | 162511 |
| muscle structure and function in the goose, quail, pheasant, guinea hen, and chicken. | 1. metabolic functions, fiber composition and, in some cases, mitochondrial morphology have been investigated in the pectoralis major and sartorius of the goose, quail, pheasant, guinea-hen, broiler chicken and laying hen. 2. in the pectoralis only two types of fibers, red and white twitch fibers, are found in all birds studied except in the quail, where a third twitch fiber also occurs. red fibers form the main part in the quail and goose, white fibers in the rest. in the sartorius at least thr ... | 1977 | 162577 |
| chicken little at three mile island. | | 1979 | 162711 |
| neuronal--glial interactions during development and aging. | integration of the central nervous system is an expression of cerebral homeostasis that is essential for the internal ability of the organism to adapt to its changing environment throughout life. it is generally accepted that neurons undergo no further division after differentiation, whereas glial cells continue to proliferate throughout life. the increase in glial cells with advanced age may reflect a compensatory process of the brain to overcome neuronal loss or neuronal functional changes tha ... | 1975 | 162799 |
| transplantation of hepatomas induced in the avian liver by mc29 leukosis virus. | a hepatomatous growth derived from primary liver tumors induced in chickens by i.v. inoculation with mc29 leukosis virus has been established and maintained in the avian host. hepatoma tissue transplanted into the abdominal cavity in a total of 278 chicks in 35 experiments yielded tumors in 222 animals (80%). the i.m. implantation in 69 birds in 7 experiments resulted in growth in 67 chicks (97%). tumor tissue introduced inadvertently into the s.c. tissue likewise grew very rapidly. histological ... | 1975 | 162857 |
| estrogen receptors in the chick oviduct. | an estradiol binding component has been identified in the cytoplasmic fraction of the immature chick oviduct. the method used to resolve this receptor differed from the standard sucrose gradient centrifugation approach in that tritiated hormone was present throughout the sucrose gradient. this modification was necessary to preserve the hormone complex during centrifugation. under these conditions, an similar to 8 s binding component was demonstrated which underwent dissociation to a similar to 5 ... | 1975 | 162878 |
| the origin of chicken hematopoietic colonies as assayed in semisolid agar. | this investigation was undertaken to determine whether primitive stem cells and/or fully differentiated macrophages were the source of in vitro colonies derived from hematopoietic tissues. the chicken colony-forming cell (cfc) present in uncultured yolk sac was a nonadherent, presumably undifferentiated cell. the efficiency of colony formation in this case was approximately 0.08%. in contrast to uncultured yolk sac, the cfc present in one-week old yolk sac cultures was evidently a macrophage. yo ... | 1975 | 162910 |
| allergens of mammalian origin. ii. characterization of allergens extracted from rat, mouse, guinea pig, and rabbit pelts. | aqueous extracts prepared from lyophilized, defatted rat, mouse, guinea pig, and rabbit pelts elicited intense wheal-and-flare responses in the skin of a high proportion of patients who were clinically sensitive to these animals. the major allergens in each extract were nondialyzable. skin test reactions to rat, mouse, and guinea pig serum were common in patients allergic to these animals. the fractions of rat, mouse, and rabbit pelt extract showing maximum allergenic activity contained proteins ... | 1975 | 162912 |
| steroid hormone-receptor interactions with nuclear constituents. | | 1975 | 162988 |
| isolation of progesterone metabolites. | | 1975 | 162997 |
| preparation and biological evaluation of active metabolites of vitamin d31. | | 1975 | 162999 |
| active vitamin d-like substances in solanum malacoxylon and other calcinogenic plants. | | 1975 | 163014 |
| functional differences in protein synthesis between rat liver trna and trna from novikoff hepatoma. | synthesis of ovalbumin in fragmented oviduct magnum explants of immature, estrogen-stimulated chicks has been studied in the presence of exogenous trna. tran from novikoff hepatoma specifically inhibited ovalbumin synthesis, determined by precipitation with antisera. in addition, the major protein(s) synthesized in the presence of hepatoma trna had higher electrophoretic mobility than ovalbumin, as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. trnas from rat liver, rooster ... | 1975 | 163095 |
| stimulation of cartilage amino acid uptake by growth hormone-dependent factors in serum. mediation by adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate. | the effects of growth hormone-dependent serum factors on amino acid transport and on cartilage cyclic amp levels in embryonic chicken cartilage were studied in vitro. cartilages incubated in medium containing rat serum showed a significantly greater uptake of alpha-amino [1-14c] isobutyrate or [1-14c] cycloleucine than control cartilages incubated in medium alone. normal rat serum (5%) added to the incubation medium also caused an increase in cartilage cyclic amp content (from as little as 23% t ... | 1975 | 163105 |
| further observations on the characteristics of a bovine parainfluenza-3 variant. | calves were inoculated with a bovine para-influenza-3 variant to determine its pathogenicity and the stability of its cytopathic feature and its inability to agglutinate chicken erythrocytes. the inoculated calves and one contact animal developed an immune response without significant clinical illness. the clinical response in calves was similar to that induced by the parent virus strain. the variant was shown to retain its characteristic cytopathic effect for madin darby bovine kidney cells and ... | 1975 | 163127 |
| metabolism, function and clinical aspects of vitamin d. | briefly reviewed herein are some of the contemporary findings on the metabolism of vitamin d, and the biochemical and physiological effects of this steroid in the animal. certainly the most accepted major action of vitamin d is to enhance the intestinal absorption of calcium. historically, there is also considerable evidence that the vitamin d is required for the resorption of calcium from bone, thereby aiding in maintaining normal serum calcium levels. increasing evidence is becoming available ... | 1975 | 163168 |
| progesterone-binding components of chick oviduct. viii. receptor activation and hormone-dependent binding to purified nuclei. | a cell-free system prepared from the estrogen-primed chick oviduct was developed and used to study the uptake of cytoplasmic progesterone-receptor complex by isolated nuclei. the receptor and purified nuclei were shown to be stable at 25 degrees, but not at 37 degrees. thus, nuclear incubations were routinely performed at 25 degrees. such incubations revealed greater nuclear uptake of the cytoplasmic hormone-receptor complex as compared to control incubations performed at 0 degrees. the uptake p ... | 1975 | 163239 |
| progesterone-binding components of chick oviduct. ix. the kinetics of nuclear binding. | a cell-free system was used to study the kinetics of progesterone-receptor interaction with purified nuclei prepared from estrogen-primed chick oviducts. the binding process was a saturable phenomenon in both target and nontarget tissues. more nuclear acceptor sites were available to target tissue (similar to 9000 sites per oviduct nucleus) than in nontarget tissues (similar to 1000 to 3000 sites per nucleus), but the binding constant was essentially the same (kd similar to 10-8 m). a second muc ... | 1975 | 163240 |
| specific binding of 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol to nuclear components of chick intestine. | specific binding of 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol to macromolecular components of small intestinal mucosa nuclei is demonstrated in vitamin d-deficient chicks. the nuclear 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-macromolecule complex was isolated on sucrose density gradients and sediments at 3.7 s in the presence of 0.3 m kcl. agarose gel filtration of the nuclear component indicated an apparent molecular weight of 47,000. the nuclear receptor complexes could not be distinguished from previously ... | 1975 | 163254 |
| a quantitative autoradiographic study of nucleolus-associated rna and dna synthesis during the eclipse phase in rous sarcoma virus-infected chicken fibroblasts. | functional and morphologic differences between the sensitivity of nucleoli of rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells and that of newly infected cells to the action of actinomycin d (ad) have been demonstrated by quantitative light and electron microscope autoradiography and utilized to investigate the function of the nucleolus in the early stages of infection. after a pulse exposure to low doses of ad, increased rna synthesis is induced within 80 minutes in the fibrillar portion of the nucleolus b ... | 1975 | 163331 |
| properties of a chicken lymphoblastoid cell line from marek's disease tumor. | properties of a chicken lymphoblastoid cell line (msb-1) from a marek's disease tumor were studied. the cell line grew well at 41 degrees c in medium rpmi-1640 supplemented with 10% bovine fetal serum and had a doubling time of 8-12 hours. cells grown in stationary suspension culture did not attach to the vessel and had the morphology of typical lymphoblasts. at 37 degrees c, the cell line grew initially but ceased to divide after several subcultures. in the subcultures maintained for 48-72 hour ... | 1975 | 163334 |
| virus envelope markers in mammalian tropism of avian rna tumor viruses. | pseudotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus were prepared with avian sarcoma viruses and avian leukemia viruses representing five different subgroups. these pseudotypes display a host range restricted to that of the avian tumor virus when assayed on avian cells and are neutralized by subgroup-specific antisera. the efficiency of penetration of mammalian cells was assayed by using these vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes. pseudotypes of avian tumor viruses belonging to subgroup d and of b77 vir ... | 1975 | 163337 |
| molecular weight of rna subunits of rous sarcoma virus determined by electron microscopy. | secondary cultures of chicken embryo fibroblasts were infected with the schmidt ruppin strain of rous sarcoma virus (rsv). five days after infection, the medium was replaced at 2-h intervals with phosphate-free eagle medium containing 50 muci of [32p]orthophosphate per ml. virus was collected by centrifugation, and the rna was extracted and denatured with dimethyl sulfoxide, and the 33s subunit rna was isolated by sucrose gradient centrifugation. the molecular weight of the rsv subunit rna was d ... | 1975 | 163340 |
| analysis of uridine incorporation in chicken embryo cells infected by vesicular stomatitis virus and its temperature-sensitive mutants: uridine transport. | the shut-off of rna synthesis in chicken embryo cells, after infection with vesicular stomatitis virus, is partially due to a reduced capacity of the infected cells to transport uridine. permeability to uridine decreases exponentially after infection. this loss of ability to transport uridine may be caused either by structural components of the input virions or may result from the expression of the viral gene products. in the latter case, only minor levels of viral transcription is sufficient to ... | 1975 | 163348 |
| interspersion of sequences in avian myeloblastosis virus rna that rapidly hybridize with leukemic chicken cell dna. | liquid hybridization of progressively smaller fragments (35s, 27s, 15.5s, 12.5s, and 8s) of poly(a)-selected avian myeloblastosis virus rna with excess dna from leukemic chicken myeloblasts revealed that all sizes of rna contained sequences complementary to both slowly and rapidly hybridizing cellular dna sequences. apparently, the rna sequences which hybridize rapidly with excesses of cellular dna are not restricted to any one region of the avian myeloblastosis virus 35s rna. instead, they appe ... | 1975 | 163372 |
| studies on the pathogenicity of high- and low-passages of a marek's disease virus (cprl ii). | | 1975 | 163469 |
| the use of three dye-binding procedures for the assessment of heat damage to food proteins. | 1. a study has been made of pure proteins heated either alone or in contact with sugars, so as to cause a severe fall in their reactive lysine contents, and also of commercial protein concentrations. 2. for unheated materials, and for bovine plasma albumin and fat-extracted, dried chicken muscle severely heated in the absence of sugar, acid orange 12 binding values (mmol bound dye/kg crude protein (nitrogen times 6-25)) were close to the sum of total histidine, total arginine and reactive lysine ... | 1975 | 163640 |
| alteration of glycine n-methyltransferase activity in fetal, adult, and tumor tissues. | glycine n-methyltransferase activity has been examined in a number of fetal and adult organs, as well as in several rodent hepatomas, using both enzymatic and immunological techniques. in fetal rabbit liver, the activity first appears at a low level at about 20 days postfertilization and rises to high levels after birth, reaching maximum in the adult liver. in fast-growing hepatomas, the activity could not be detected by either enzymatic or immunological assay. it could be detected in the slower ... | 1975 | 163688 |
| feedback regulation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol metabolism by vitamin d3. | 1. in vitamin d-deficient chicks both vitamin d3 and 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol markedly decrease renal 1-hydroxylase activity and induce 24-hydroxylase activity. 2. actinomycin d abolishes both effects. 3. these results are consistent with feedback regulation of vitamin d3 metabolism by a direct nuclear action of the vitamin or its metabolites on the kidney cells. | 1975 | 163720 |
| cell surface changes and rous sarcoma virus gene expression in synchronized cells. | we have investigated whether cell surface changes associated with growth control and malignant transformation are linked to the cell cycle. chicken embryo cells synchronized by double thymidine block were examined for cell-cycle-dependent alterations in membrane function (measured by transport of 2-deoxyglucose, uridine, thymidine, and mannitol), in cell surface morphology (examined by scanning electron microscopy), and in the ability of tumor virus gene expression to induce a transformation-spe ... | 1975 | 163832 |
| effects of glucose starvation on normal and rous sarcoma virus-transformed chick cells. | we studied the effect of glucose starvation on glucose uptake and thymidine uptake and incorporation in cultures of normal chicken embryo cells and those transformed by rous sarcoma virus. resting normal fibroblasts increased the rate of glucose transport up to tenfold when they were starved for glucose, whereas fast-growing normal cells doubled the rate of uptake after starvation. transformed cells did not show any change in the rate of glucose uptake during starvation. thymidine uptake and inc ... | 1975 | 163906 |
| isolation of two subgroup-specific leukemogenic viruses from standard avian myeloblastosis virus. | two populations of virus having subgroup-specific homogeneity (a and b) were isolated from standard avian myeloblastosis virus stocks by passage in vivo through genetically defined chickens. each possesses leukemogenic activity in vivo. other properties and potential usefulness of these agents are discussed. | 1975 | 163925 |
| cyclic amp-dependent endogenous phosphorylation of a microtubule-associated protein. | microtubules prepared from chick brain homogenates by successive cycles of assembly-disassembly were found to contain two high-molecular-weight proteins, designated microtubule-associated protein1 and microtubule-associated protein2. microtubule-associated protein2 (apparent molecular weight 300,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) was the preferred substrate for an endogenous cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase which appeared to be an integral component of the micro ... | 1975 | 164013 |
| some aspects of lipid metabolism in fatty liver and kidney syndrome in chicks. | various aspects of lipid metabolism were examined in broiler chicks affected with fatty liver and kidney syndrome (flks). plasma free fatty acid concentrations were invariably elevated. plasma triglyceride concentrations were increased amounts of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue was considerably reduced, but in heart tissue the enzyme activity was increased. hepatic lipogenesis was reduced. rates of oxidation of palmitic and succinic acids by liver, h ... | 1975 | 164057 |
| effect of infectious bursal disease on the response of chickens to s typhimurium and e coli infections. | | 1975 | 164080 |
| phylogenesis of the general structure of immunoglobulins. | | 1975 | 164148 |
| the alpha beta epimerization of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. | | 1975 | 164151 |
| experimental egg-transmission of avian reovirus. | two experiments with an avian reovirus (fdo isolant), serologically identical to the fahey-crawley and wvu 2937 isolants, provided conclusive proof that egg-transmission can occur. in the first experiment, 4-day-old chicken embryos were inoculated into the yolk sac with serial dilutions of virus and subsequently hatched. high virus doses killed all embryos, whereas low doses (14 or less plaque-forming units) allowed some embryos to hatch normally although infected. in the second experiment, viru ... | 1975 | 164174 |
| localization of avian reovirus (fdo isolant) in tissues of mature chickens. | mature hens were exposed to a reovirus (fdo isolant) serologically related to the viral arthritis agent. examination of 23 tissues from the respiratory, alimentary, and reproductive tracts and tendons from the hock joint revealed widespread infection 4 days after inoculation via the respiratory and alimentary tracts. by 14-15 days, infection had largely subsided but was still detectable in the tendons, oviduct, and alimentary tract of some birds. no infection was found at 30 days. virus isolatio ... | 1975 | 164175 |
| horizontal transmission of turkey herpesvirus to chickens. iv. viral maturation in the feather follicle epithelium. | an experimental line of white leghorns (wsu-vs) and a commerical line inoculated with turkey herpesvirus (hvt) at 1 or 8 weeks old did not differ in the occurrence of infectious cell-free hvt in their feather-tip preparations (ft-hvt). the birds examined at 2 weeks postinoculation (pi) were always positive for ft-hvt regardless of age at virus inoculation, dose of hvt inoculated, or genetic line of chickens, whereas only a few were positive at 4 weeks and none at 6 weeks pi. | 1975 | 164176 |
| characteristics of three stains of avian adenoviruses isolated in queensland. i. biological properties. | three strains of avian adenovirus were isolated and studied in cell cultures, chicken embryos, and chickens. one strain (adam-1) was isolated from the bursa of fabricius of a chicken with marek's disease, and the others (adam-2 and adam-3) from one-day-old chicks with respiratory signs. experimentally, adam-1 produced no clinical signs or lesions except atrophy of the bursa of fabricius. adam-2 caused mild respiratory signs in young chickens when inoculated intratracheally. the behavior of the t ... | 1975 | 164177 |
| natural pox and herpes as a dual virus infection in chickens. | a natural dual viral infection was confirmed in chickens of university of illinois poultry farm by histopathologic, immunologic, and electron-microscopic examination of formalin-fixed tracheal tissue. histopathologic examination of the tracheal mucosa revealed eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions characteristic of fowlpox and intranuclear inclusions suggestive of marek's disease. treatment of the formalin-fixed tracheal tissue with peroxidase and fluorescent-labeled antibody against marek's disea ... | 1975 | 164178 |
| studies on the mechanism of action of calciferol vii. localization of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin d3 in chick parathyroid glands. | | 1975 | 164191 |
| changes in phosoholipid susceptibility toward phospholipases induced by atp depletion in avian and amphibian erythrocyte membranes. | about half of the sphingomyelin content of fresh and atp-depleted chicken erythrocytes is hydrolysed by sphingomyelinase. removal of spingomyelin exposes the rest of the membrane phospholipids to hydrolysis by phospholipase c only in atp-depleted but not in fresh cells. addition of both sphinogomyelinase and phospholipase c to atp-depleted cells causes about 60-70 percent hydrolysis of the total phospholipids accompanied by extensive (90 percent) hemolysis. the phospholipids of toad erythrocytes ... | 1975 | 164239 |
| avian rna tumor viruses. a model for studying tumor associated cell surface alterations. | | 1975 | 164248 |
| chicken leukosis virus genome sequences in dna from normal chick cells and virus-induced bursal lymphomas. | genome sequences of two recent field isolates of avian leukosis viruses in the dna of normal and neoplastic chicken cells were studied by dna-rna hybridization under conditions of dna excess. comparisons were made between 60-70s rna from these viruses and that of a chicken endogenous type c virus (rav-0), and of a series of "laboratory" leukosis and sarcoma viruses, by competitive hybridization analysis. a minimum of 18% of the genome sequences of both alv isolates detected in dna from lymphomas ... | 1975 | 164291 |
| species differences in the hormonal control of lipogenesis in rat and chicken hepatocytes. | | 1975 | 164320 |
| enzymatic and biochemical characterization of the avian glycogen body. | | 1975 | 164323 |
| in vivo uptake and metabolism of testosterone by the head appendages of the cock. | | 1975 | 164397 |
| adrenal responses in high and low acth response lines of chickens during acute heat stress. | | 1975 | 164402 |
| in ovo assay for marek's disease virus and turkey herpesvirus. | marek's disease virus (mdv) and the turkey herpesvirus (hvt) may be assayed on the chorioallantoic membrane (cam) of the chicken embryo after intravenous inoculation of chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) or chicken blood leukocytes infected with these viruses. free hvt, mdv associated with marek's tumor cells, and lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from marek's tumors, may be assayed in the same way. the intravenous assay is quicker than the yolk sac assay and somewhat more sensitive than in vitro ... | 1975 | 164413 |
| detection of cellular hypersensitivity among multiple sclerosis (ms) patients to 6/94 virus; a parainfluenza type 1 isolate from ms brain tissue. | multiple sclerosis (ms) patients and normal subjects were tested for cellular hypersensitivity, using the leukocyte migration inhibition test lmi), to a parainfluenza-1-virus (6/94), previously isolated from brain biopsy tissue of an ms patient. the response of ms patients as a group was not greater than that of normals to 6/94, but a significant increase in the response was observed among selected patients in the early active and chronic advanced stages of the disease. ms patients, however, did ... | 1975 | 164416 |
| intracellular localization of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzme a cycle enzymes in liver. separate cytoplasmic and mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a generating systems for cholesterogenesis and ketogenesis. | acetoacetyl-coa thiolase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme synthase which comprise the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa-generating system(s) for hepatic cholesterogenesis and ketogenesis exhibit dual mitochondrial and cytoplasmic localization. twenty to forty per cent of the thiolase and synthase of avian and rat liver are localized in the cytoplasmic compartment, the remainder residing in the mitochondria. in contrast, 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl-coa lyase, an enzyme unique to the "3-hydroxy ... | 1975 | 164460 |
| a primer ribonucleic acid for initiation of in vitro rous sarcarcoma virus deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. | the nucleotide sequence of an rna primer molecule for initiation of rous sarcoma virus dna synthesis in vitro has been determined. the sequence can be drawn in a cloverleaf structure typical of trnas with an anticodon for tryptophan. aminoacylation of the molecule confirms that it is trna-trp. the same sequence and aminoacylation results are obtained regardless of whether the rna is isolated from virions or from cells of chickens, the natural host for this virus. it is the only species of trna-t ... | 1975 | 164470 |
| pathogenic and serologic studies of japanese quail infected with jm strain of marek's disease herpesvirus. | japanese quail were inoculated with marek's disease herpesvirus at 1 day of age, and a second group of the same age was infected by contact with inoculated quail. a third group raised in our laboratory as a source of hatching eggs was accidentally infected with marek's disease (md). all quail were observed and examined for periods up to 360 days; the usual clinical signs of md were not observed. however, the birds were susceptible to md infection because of the evidence that: 1) the md-specific ... | 1975 | 164560 |
| [carcinofetal antigens. i. alpha-fetoprotein (author's transl)]. | alpha-fetoprotein (afp) is an alpha1-glycoprotein (m.w. about 65000) appearing in the fetal serum of most mammals including man during the early stages of pregnancy; 4 weeks after birth it disappears altogether or exists at very low concentrations as in the normal adult. afp is formed in the yolk sac, the fetal liver and the gastro-intestinal tract. one of its physiological functions in fetal life is supposed to be the protection of the fetus from maternal oestrogens (oestrophilic property). the ... | 1975 | 164580 |
| interferon and its role in poultry health. | | 1975 | 164796 |
| infectious bursal disease virus: antigen production and immunity. | | 1975 | 164798 |
| immunity to fowlpox. | protection against fowlpox develops following vaccination or natural infection. the immune response can be measured for variable times either by challenging immunity of vaccinated birds for protection or by various serologic tests, e.g., viral neutralization, agar gel precipitation, complement fixation, passive hemagglutination, fluorescent antibody, and immunoperoxidase methods. variation in the antibody response measured by these tests may be due to concentration of antibody present and sensit ... | 1975 | 164799 |
| avian viral arthritis: antigenic types and immune response. | serums from broiler breeders of an integrated broiler operator were examined for precipitin antibodies using antigens prepared from preliminary reovirus serotypes represented by wvu-2937, reo-25, reo-59, and fahey-crawley virus. the precipitin antibodies were present in most of the flocks. virus neutralization tests indicated that the reovirus responsible for viral arthritis represented by wvu-2937 was not present in the breeder flocks, but antibodies to reo-25, reo-59, and the fahey-crawley vir ... | 1975 | 164800 |
| avian encephalomyelitis: the virus and immune response. | | 1975 | 164803 |
| ulcerative enteritis--clostridial antigens. | the causative agent of ulcerative enteritis (ue) is a clostridium and it is believed that it belongs to a new, hitherto undescribed species. it has been named, tentatively, clostridium colinum. transmission experiments carried out with artificial cultures of this clostridium have clarified some aspects of the pathogenesis of ue and have brought into focus other aspects of its pathogenesis, epizootiology, and immunology that need to be investigated. support for research is needed: 1) to investiga ... | 1975 | 164804 |
| colloquium on immunity to selected infectious avian diseases. epilogue. | | 1975 | 164806 |
| production of hydrogen cyanide by pseudomonas fluorescens. | two pseudomonas fluorescens isolates were found to produce hydrogen cyanide when cultured on either trypticase soy agar supplemented with 0.5% yeast extract or on irradiation-sterilized chicken. | 1975 | 164822 |
| the oxidation-reduction characteristics of cytochrome b5 in hen liver microsomes. | | 1975 | 164830 |
| neurotoxicity of acrylamide and its analogues and effects of these analogues and other agents on acrylamide neuropathy. | n-hydroxymethylacrylamide, n-methylacrylamide, and n,n-diethylacrylamide produce peripheral neuropathy in rats. seven other compounds related to acrylamide do not produce neuropathy. rats given one of the three neurotoxic compounds are more susceptible to acrylamide. a regime for testing acrylamide analogues for neuro-toxicity is suggested. ddt, phenobarbitone, or high dietary concentrations of vitamin a or e have no effect on the development of acrylamide neuropathy in rats. acrylamide produces ... | 1975 | 164879 |
| studies on interaction between histone v (f2c) and deoxyribonucleic acids. | histone v (2fc) from chick erythroctes was used in the study of its interaction with dna from various sources. complexes between this histone and dna were formed using the procedure of continuous nacl gradient dialysis in urea. two physical methods, namely thermal denaturation and circular dichroism (cd), were used as analytical tools. thermal denaturation of nucleohistone v with chick or calf thymus dna shows three melting bands: band i at 45-50 degrees corresponds to free base pairs; band ii a ... | 1975 | 164887 |
| the functional metabolism of vitamin d in chicks fed low-calcium and low-phosphorus diets. | radioactively labelled cholecalciferol was administered continuously to chicks that were fed normal, low-calcium and low-phosphorus diets. it has been possible to show that under such steady state conditions with regard to cholecalciferol, and mineral restriction, the animal reacts by increased accumulation of 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the intestinal and the kidney cell, which was associated in the intestine with an increased calcium-binding activity. a similar accumulation of 1, 25-dihy ... | 1975 | 164933 |
| effect of eimeria acervulina infection on nutrient retention with special reference to fat malabsorption in chickens. | nutritional balance studies were conducted to determine the effect of eimeria acervulina infection on the retention of nutrients and the efficiency of utilization of protein and energy in the diet during the course of intestinal coccidiosis in chickens. both light and electronmicroscopic studies were conducted to elucidate the pathogenesis of fat malabsorption in the infected chickens. the infection with e. acervulina during the acute phase of the disease (day 4 to day 8 postinfection) caused a ... | 1975 | 164990 |
| a comparison of gel diffusion, fluorescent antibody and virus isolation methods in experimental and natural cases of infectious bursal disease. | in studies with chicks inoculated with the sk-1 strain of infectious bursal agent the bursa of fabricius was found to be the tissue of choice for virus isolation as well as for use in the fluorescent antibody test and the agar gel diffusion test. in separate experiments positive results were obtained until postinoculation days 3 or 4 by the agar gel diffusion test, 5 or 6 by the fluorescent antibody test and 14 by the virus isolation method, respectively. bursas from chickens involved in seven n ... | 1975 | 164991 |
| calcium accumulation by chondrocyte mitochondria. | chick epiphyseal plate mitochondria observed in vitro suggest that energy dependent ca++ uptake was maximal in the presence of atp and a respiratory substrate. however, nucleotides other than atp had no effect on this type of cation uptake. the observation that ca++ accumulation was sensitive to the presence of 2,4-dnp and a number of respiratory inhibitors suggested that the mechanism of cation accumulation was similar to that described in tissues that do not undergo biological mineralization. ... | 1975 | 165026 |
| progesterone binding components of chick oviduct. x. purification by affinity chromatography. | cytoplasmic progesterone receptors of chick oviduct have been purified in 8% yield by steroid affinity and ion exchange chromatography. the affinity resin, deoxycorticosterone-bovine serum albumin-sepharose, binds progesterone receptors with high affinity (kd equals 8 times 10-minus 10 m) and its use resulted in a greater than 2000-fold purification over the starting material in a single step. deae-sephadex a-50 chromatography was then used to achieve final purification. na dodecyl-so4 gel elect ... | 1975 | 165193 |
| mechanism of avian estrogen-induced hypertriglyceridemia: evidence for overproduction of triglyceride. | relying on methods other than the determination of turnover rate of triglyceride from the curve of plasma triglyceride radioactivity after administration of labeled precursor, we have confirmed that the endogenous hypertriglyceridemia induced by estrogenization of the chick is accompanied by increased production of triglyceride. chicks estrogenized with diethylstilbestrol became grossly hypertriglyceridemic and had elevated levels of plasma free fatty acid. within 5 min of administration of labe ... | 1975 | 165252 |
| nuclear and cytoplasmic binding components for vitamin d metabolites. | | 1975 | 165339 |
| in vitro cultivation of cells from the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos. | by treatment of chorioallantoic membranes from embryonated eggs with collagenase and hyaluronidase before the conventional application of trypsin cells could be grown in culture which supported growth of a large variety of myxoviruses, herpesviruses, avian reoviruses and the infectious bronchitis virus of chickens. the cultures could be used for sensitive plaque assays and neutralization tests. | 1975 | 165393 |
| host induced alteration of avian sarcoma virus b-77 genome. | the genome of an avian oncornavirus was altered after infection of a heterologous host. this was studied with avian sarcoma virus b-77 in duck embryonic fibroblasts (def) and chicken embryonic fibroblasts (cef). to detect alteration of the viral genome, we hybridized 35s b-77 rna with normal duck dna by either one of two techniques:when viral rna was in excess and when dna was in excess. the rna of b-77 passaged only in gs minus chf minus cef does not have homology with duck dna. however, after ... | 1975 | 165481 |
| binding of atp to the progesterone receptor. | the possible interaction of progesterone--receptor complexes with nucleotides was tested by affinity chromatography. the cytosol progesterone receptor from hen oviduct was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation before use. when progesterone was bound to the receptor, the resulting complex could be selectively adsorbed onto columns of atp-sepharose. this interaction was reversible and of an ionic nature since it could be disrupted by high-salt conditions. a competitive binding assay ... | 1975 | 165493 |
| evidence for a lesion in carbohydrate metabolism in fatty liver and kidney syndrome in chicks. | liver and kidney slices from chicks affected with fatty liver and kidney syndrome (flks) were incubated in vitro with a variety of non-carbohydrate precursors and their ability to form glucose was studied. the results show that the affected liver was unable to form significant quantities of glucose from the precursors (gluconeogenesis). glycogen breakdown was also drastically reduced because the tissue was almost devoid of this carbohydrate store. blood chemistry revealed no evidence of overall ... | 1975 | 165569 |
| [cytogenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of malignant neoplasms]. | malignant tumors and pre-cancer processes are characterized by a high proliferative activity of cells, high chromosome variability and extremely high genome variability which is 10 times, as high as that in non-tumor actively proliferating tissues. a clear positive correlation is found between the cell division rate and the level of chromosome variability. | 1975 | 165605 |
| [the effect of microbial contemination of the air on metabolic indices in broiler chickens]. | trials were carried out with two groups of birds, white plymouth times cornish crosses. a third, control group of birds was also involved in the experiments, reared by the same technology. the only difference consisted in that the air in the premise of the test birds had a lower microbial content which, during the experiments was 2 to 5 times lower than that in the air of the controls. it was found that under the effect of the higher microbial content the blood serum protein drops like the prote ... | 1975 | 165611 |
| interferon externalization by producing cell before induction of antiviral state. | | 1975 | 165620 |
| pathogenic mechanisms not operating in eimeria necatrix infections. | having investigated certain aspects of eimeria necatrix coccidiosis in chickens, workers of the hannover veterinary school postulated "that death following a single inoculation of a large number of oocysts is due to an alarm reaction and not a specific pathogenic action of the parasites". because this hypothesis is somewhat revolutionary in its consept, several pieces of evidence on which it is based and several logical deductions which can be made from it have been examined. it has been confirm ... | 1975 | 165646 |
| hormonal regulation of lipase, phosphorylase, and glycogen synthase in adipose tissue. | | 1975 | 165686 |
| the use of coomassie brilliant blue g250 perchloric acid solution for staining in electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels. | | 1975 | 165746 |
| sphingomyelinase of chicken erythrocyte membranes. | | 1975 | 165774 |
| neoplastic response of the avian liver to host infection with strain mc29 leukosis verus. | studies were made on the oncogenic response of 3086 young chicks to i.v. inoculation of mc29 avian leukosis virus from blood plasma of previous-passage birds or the supernatant fluid of cultures of chick embryo cells infected with strain mc29. among the large variety of neoplasms of other tissues previously described, there occurred a high incidence of primary growths of the liver. pathomorphology of the growths frequently differed greatly in both different hosts and the same bird, but some unif ... | 1975 | 165881 |
| biosynthesis and secretion of calcitonin in vitro in chicken ultimobranchial gland. | | 1975 | 166006 |
| the evolution of vertebrate corticotrophin and melanocyte stimulating hormone. | | 1975 | 166013 |
| a quantitative assay for luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (lhrh) using dispersed pituitary cells. | | 1975 | 166015 |
| lipolysis and cyclic amp accumulation in isolated fat cells from chicks. | | 1975 | 166018 |
| immunodeficiency in the chicken. i. disparity in suppression of antibody responses to various antigens following surgical bursectomy. | the extent of suppression of antibody response by bursectomy (bx) was examined as a measure of the seeding sequence of different clones from the bursa to peripheral lymphoid tissues. chickens were bursectomized surgically 1, 4 or 7 days after hatching and immunized later with four antigens: sheep red blood cells (srbc); bordetella pertussis (bp); human serum albumin (hsa); influenza virus (iv). the kinetics of the antibody responses were delayed in bursectomized birds when compared with the cont ... | 1975 | 166036 |
| immunodeficiency in the chicken. ii. production of monomeric igm following testosterone treatment or infection with gumboro disease. | chickens were treated at an early embryonal age with testosterone propionate or infected neonatally with the virus producing gumboro disease. their sera were subsequently fractionated by sephadex g-200 chromatography, and showed a complete deficiency of igg and the presence of igm which was eluted with the 7s protein fraction. purified and 125-i-labelled monomeric igm was examined by sds-acrylamide gel electrophoresis and found to contain both mu and light chains, together with a chain of interm ... | 1975 | 166037 |
| development of parthenogenetic membranes in double-yolked and injected chicken eggs. | development of parthenogenetic eggs is expressed in a dark cornish stock by either membrane or embryo formation. double-yolked eggs have membranes developing in zero, one, or two yolks. the incidence of double-yolked eggs with two membranes was higher than expected when compared with the incidence of single-yolked eggs from the same hens. membrane formation was increased over that of the controls by injecting saline, ringer's solution, or ground crude membranes. yolk and membranes filtered throu ... | 1975 | 166142 |
| phosphoglycerate mutase from yeast, chicken breast muscle, and kidney (2, 3-pga-dependent). | | 1975 | 166275 |
| horizontal transmission of turkey herpesvirus to chickens. 3. transmission in three different lines of chickens. | horizontal transmission of turkey herpesvirus (hvt) was studied in three separate trials using three different lines of chickens in each trial. there was no horizontal spread of hvt to contact cagemates through 8 weeks regardless of the line of donor chickens, when inoculated subcutaneously with 9.2 times 10-3 plaque-forming units (pfu) of hvt at 1 week of age. the virus spread poorly to a few cagemates from an experimental line of white leghorns (w.s.u.-v.s.), but not from a commercial line o ... | 1975 | 166362 |
| distribution studies of glycine and serine enzymes in chicks. | day-old broiler type chicks were fed a practical starter ration for three weeks, sacrificed and the d-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (e.c.1.1.1.s), phosphoserine phosphatase (e.c.3.1.3.3.), glycerate dehydrogenase (e.c.1.1.1.29), hydroxypyruvate-p: glutamate transaminase, serine transhydroxymethylase (e.c.2.1.2.1), and serine dehydratase (e.c.4.2.1.13) enzyme activities were determined in liver, kidney, heart, spleen and brain tissue in evaluating glycine and serine metabolism. the distributio ... | 1975 | 166363 |
| effect of regression of rous sarcoma tumors upon egg production in an inbred line of white leghorns. | reserach was conducted to determine whether development and subsequent regression of a rous sarcoma virus (rsv) induced wing-web tumor influenced egg production. fifty-seven six-week old pullet chicks of inbred line 6 of the united states department of agriculture, regional poultry research laboratory, east lansing, michigan, were inoculated subcutaneously in the left wing-web with 0.1 ml. of a 10-minus 3 dilution of a pseudotype of bryan high titer rsv designated bh-rsv (rav-1). thirty chicks ... | 1975 | 166364 |
| a comparative study of iodine and potassium perchlorate metabolism in the laying hen. 1. incorporation of i-131 in chicken ova. | the uptake of 131-i in chicken ova was studied for 3 hours after a single intramuscular dose. there was uptake as early as 10 minutes and it continued throughout the 3 hours in spite of a rapid decrease in blood activity. the fast growing ova, weightin 0.5 to 2.0 grams, were the most efficient in the uptake of 131-i per unit weight. autoradiograms of the topographic distribution of 131-i showed a peripheral deposition. when multiple doses were given, concentric rings in the growing ovocytes ... | 1975 | 166365 |