| the organization and evolution of the dipteran and hymenopteran down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (dscam) genes. | the drosophila melanogaster down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (dscam) gene encodes an axon guidance receptor and can generate 38,016 different isoforms via the alternative splicing of 95 variable exons. dscam contains 10 immunoglobulin (ig), six fibronectin type iii, a transmembrane (tm), and cytoplasmic domains. the different dscam isoforms vary in the amino acid sequence of three of the ig domains and the tm domain. here, we have compared the organization of the dscam gene from three member ... | 2004 | 15383675 |
| comparison and examination of bombus occidentalis and bombus impatiens (hymenoptera: apidae) in tomato greenhouses. | experiments were conducted in commercial tomato, lycopersicon esculentum miller (solanaceae), greenhouses to compare the relative foraging effort of two bumble bee species, bombus occidentalis greene and bombus impatiens cresson, to examine interspecific competition between b. occidentalis and b. impatiens, and to determine whether bumble bee colonies grew to their full population potential in commercial tomato greenhouses. b. impatiens colonies had more brood and workers and made more foraging ... | 2004 | 15384352 |
| bacillus pulvifaciens (n. sp.), an organism associated with powdery scale of honeybee larvae. | | 1950 | 15421942 |
| the influence of antibiotics and sulfa drugs on bacillus larvae, cause of american foulbrood of the honeybee, in vitro and in vivo. | | 1950 | 15436420 |
| alteration of the tertiary structure of the major bee venom allergen api m 1 by multiple mutations is concomitant with low ige reactivity. | we have engineered a recombinant form of the major bee venom allergen (api m 1) with the final goal of reducing its ige reactivity. this molecule (api mut) contains 24 mutations and one deletion of 10 amino acids. the successive introduction of these sequence modifications led to a progressive loss of specific ige and igg reactivity and did not reveal any immunodominant epitopes. however, api mut exhibited a clear loss of reactivity for api m 1-specific ige and igg. injection of api mut into mic ... | 2004 | 15459335 |
| progress in warble fly eradication. | warble flies (fig. 1) are bee-like insects, belonging to the parasitic fly family oestridae, which spend their entire 10-month larval period inside the body of the host animal, only emerging in the summer to complete their development to the free-flying adult stage (fig. 2). in 1978, when almost 40% of cattle in britain were infested, the ministry of agriculture, fisheries and food (maff) initiated a warble fly eradication scheme. we are now in the final stages of this plan, with infestation rat ... | 1986 | 15462791 |
| development of a chitinase and v-cathepsin negative bacmid for improved integrity of secreted recombinant proteins. | the application of the baculovirus-insect cell expression system for the production of integral membrane and secreted proteins is often more troublesome than for cytoplasmic proteins. one protein expressed at low levels in insect cells is the theileria parva sporozoite surface protein p67. theileria parva is a protozoan parasite, which causes the tick-transmitted disease east coast fever in cattle. baculovirus vectors were engineered to produce a secreted form of p67 by replacing the signal pept ... | 2004 | 15488628 |
| resveratrol and propolis as necrosis or apoptosis inducers in human prostate carcinoma cells. | vegetables and fruit help the prevention and the therapy of several kinds of cancer because they contain micronutrients, a class of substances that have been shown to exhibit chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities. in the present study the effects of resveratrol (100 and 200 microm), a phytoalexin found in grapes, and of the ethanolic extract of propolis (50 and 100 microg/ml), a natural honeybee hive product, were tested in androgen-resistant prostate cancer cells (du145), a cell line ... | 2004 | 15490973 |
| occurrence and distribution of pesticides in the province of bologna, italy, using honeybees as bioindicators. | samples of honeybees (apis mellifera, n = 92) from 14 beehive monitoring stations located in 3 townships in the province of bologna were analyzed from april to october 2000. the concentration of 32 organophosphorus pesticides and 5 carbamates was determined through liquid-liquid extraction followed by gas chromatography with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in positive and negative ion modes. the ... | 2004 | 15499498 |
| tragedy of the commons in melipona bees. | in human society selfish use of common resources can lead to disaster, a situation known as the 'tragedy of the commons' (toc). although a toc is usually prevented by coercion, theory predicts that close kinship ties can also favour reduced exploitation. we test this prediction using data on a toc occurring in melipona bee societies. | 2004 | 15504003 |
| detection of cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii in honeybee (apis mellifera) colonies. | the plant flora has an important role in the ecology of cryptococcus neoformans. it is estimated that the environmental spreading and contamination of human beings with this yeast occurs via contaminated particles of plants. cultivation of canopy parts of plants in selective media is the most widely used isolation method of this yeast. cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii was isolated from honeybee colonies in eucalyptus forests but was not isolated from the places where this flora did not exist. ... | 2004 | 15504129 |
| the use of open reading frame ests (orestes) for analysis of the honey bee transcriptome. | the ongoing efforts to sequence the honey bee genome require additional initiatives to define its transcriptome. towards this end, we employed the open reading frame ests (orestes) strategy to generate profiles for the life cycle of apis mellifera workers. | 2004 | 15527499 |
| estima, a tool for est management in a multi-project environment. | single-pass, partial sequencing of complementary dna (cdna) libraries generates thousands of chromatograms that are processed into high quality expressed sequence tags (ests), and then assembled into contigs representative of putative genes. usually, to be of value, ests and contigs must be associated with meaningful annotations, and made available to end-users. | 2004 | 15527510 |
| antiarthritic effect of bee venom: inhibition of inflammation mediator generation by suppression of nf-kappab through interaction with the p50 subunit. | to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the antiarthritic effects of bee venom (bv) and melittin (a major component of bv) in a murine macrophage cell line (raw 264.7) and in synoviocytes obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. | 2004 | 15529353 |
| proposal to reclassify paenibacillus larvae subsp. pulvifaciens dsm 3615 (atcc 49843) as paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae. results of a comparative biochemical and genetic study. | the bacterial pathogen paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae (p. l. larvae), is the etiological agent of american foulbrood, an extremely contagious and disastrous disease of honeybee brood. in case of american foulbrood the destruction of infected colonies is often considered the only workable control measure. therefore, the ability to diagnose this disease properly is important to prevent unnecessary economic loss to beekeepers. the development of suitable methods for the early and reliable detec ... | 2004 | 15530737 |
| protease domain of human adam33 produced by drosophila s2 cells. | human adam33 is a multiple-domain, type-i transmembrane zinc metalloprotease recently implicated in asthma susceptibility [nature 418 (2002) 426]. to provide an active protease for functional studies, expression of a recombinant adam33 zymogen (pro-catalytic domains, pro-cat) was attempted in several insect cells. the pro-cat was cloned into baculovirus under the regulation of the polyhedron promoter and using either the honeybee mellitin or adam33 signal sequence. sf9 or hi5 cells infected with ... | 2004 | 15555945 |
| chilean propolis: antioxidant activity and antiproliferative action in human tumor cell lines. | propolis, a natural product derived from plant resins collected by honeybees, has been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine all over the world. the composition of the propolis depends upon the vegetation of the area from where it was collected and on the bee species. in this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of a propolis sample, provided by naturandes-chile, collected in a temperate region of central chile. in addition, this natural compound was tested for its antip ... | 2004 | 15556167 |
| localization of alpha-glucosidases i, ii, and iii in organs of european honeybees, apis mellifera l., and the origin of alpha-glucosidase in honey. | three kinds of alpha-glucosidases, i, ii, and iii, were purified from european honeybees, apis mellifera l. in addition, an alpha-glucosidase was also purified from honey. some properties, including the substrate specificity of honey alpha-glucosidase, were almost the same as those of alpha-glucosidase iii. specific antisera against the alpha-glucosidases were prepared to examine the localization of alpha-glucosidases in the organs of honeybees. it was immunologically confirmed for the first tim ... | 2004 | 15564675 |
| [secreted phospholipases a2 (spla2): friends or foes? are they actors in antibacterial and anti-hiv resistance?]. | in this paper the authors update on the deletereous or beneficial roles of human and animal secretory phospholipases a2 (spla2). although human spla2-iia (inflammatory) was initially thought as a foe because its pathogenic implication in sepsis, multiorganic failure or other related syndromes, recent data indicates its role in in the antiinfectious host resistance. thus, spla2-iia exhibits potent bactericidal activities against gram-negative and gram-positive (in this case, together with other e ... | 2004 | 15574291 |
| prevalence and seasonal variations of six bee viruses in apis mellifera l. and varroa destructor mite populations in france. | a survey of six bee viruses on a large geographic scale was undertaken by using seemingly healthy bee colonies and the pcr technique. samples of adult bees and pupae were collected from 36 apiaries in the spring, summer, and autumn during 2002. varroa destructor samples were collected at the end of summer following acaricide treatment. in adult bees, during the year deformed wing virus (dwv) was found at least once in 97% of the apiaries, sacbrood virus (sbv) was found in 86% of the apiaries, ch ... | 2004 | 15574916 |
| multiple virus infections in the honey bee and genome divergence of honey bee viruses. | using uniplex rt-pcr we screened honey bee colonies for the presence of several bee viruses, including black queen cell virus (bqcv), deformed wing virus (dwv), kashmir bee virus (kbv), and sacbrood virus (sbv), and described the detection of mixed virus infections in bees from these colonies. we report for the first time that individual bees can harbor four viruses simultaneously. we also developed a multiplex rt-pcr assay for the simultaneous detection of multiple bee viruses. the feasibility ... | 2004 | 15579317 |
| microarray analysis of gene expression in chondrosarcoma cells treated with bee venom. | bee venom (bv) has a broad array of clinical applications in korean medicine, including treatment of inflammatory conditions such as arthritis. the final common pathway of many arthropathies is the destruction of articular cartilage and consequent loss of articular function. chondrocyte dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of such disorders. to explore the global gene expression profiles in a human chondrocyte-like cell line treated with bv, microarray analysis was performed. the htb ... | 2005 | 15581686 |
| expression of carbohydrate xenoantigens on porcine peripheral nerve. | the use of thin easily revascularized cutaneous nerve autografts, which has been the gold standard, or the alternative use of nerve allografts or artificial grafts for nerve reconstructing have all their pros and cons. nerve xenotransplantation may offer a potential alternative. in a potential pig to human nerve xenograft transplantation set-up several porcine antigen barriers have to be considered such as carbohydrate antigens system like the blood group a/o, the galalpha1-3gal (alphagal) and t ... | 2005 | 15598273 |
| modifying effect of propolis on dimethylhydrazine-induced dna damage but not colonic aberrant crypt foci in rats. | propolis is a honeybee product with several biological and therapeutic properties, including antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activities. the effects of an aqueous extract of propolis (aep) were evaluated on the formation of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (dmh)-induced aberrant crypt foci (acf) and dna damage in the colon of male wistar rats by the acf and comet assays, respectively. aep was administered orally at 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.1%, and 0.3% in the drinking water, which resulted in doses of approximat ... | 2005 | 15605358 |
| molecular cloning and functional characterization of a neuronal choline transporter from trichoplusia ni. | a cdna encoding a high-affinity na(+)-dependent choline transporter (trncht) was isolated from the cns of the cabbage looper trichoplusia ni using an rt-pcr-based approach. the deduced amino acid sequence of the cht cdna predicts a 594 amino acid protein of 64.74 kda prior to glycosylation. trncht has 80%, 79%, 76%, and 58% amino acid identity to putative chts from anopheles gambiae, drosophila melanogaster and apis mellifera, and a cloned cht from limulus polyphemus, respectively. in situ hybri ... | 2005 | 15607656 |
| ensembl 2005. | the ensembl (http://www.ensembl.org/) project provides a comprehensive and integrated source of annotation of large genome sequences. over the last year the number of genomes available from the ensembl site has increased by 7 to 16, with the addition of the six vertebrate genomes of chimpanzee, dog, cow, chicken, tetraodon and frog and the insect genome of honeybee. the majority have been annotated automatically using the ensembl gene build system, showing its flexibility to reliably annotate a ... | 2005 | 15608235 |
| general pharmacological profiles of bee venom and its water soluble fractions in rodent models. | recently, the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory efficacy of bee venom (bv, apis mellifera) has been confirmed in rodent models of inflammation and arthritis. interestingly, the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of whole bv can be reproduced by two water-soluble fractions of bv (>20 kda:bvaf1 and<10 kda: bvaf3). based on these scientific findings, bv and its effective water-soluble fractions have been proposed as potential anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive pharmaceuticals. whil ... | 2004 | 15613814 |
| antinociceptive mechanisms associated with diluted bee venom acupuncture (apipuncture) in the rat formalin test: involvement of descending adrenergic and serotonergic pathways. | in a previous report, subcutaneous injection of diluted bee venom (dbv) into a specific acupuncture point (zusanli, st36), a procedure termed apipuncture, was shown to produce an antinociceptive effect in the rat formalin pain model. however, the central antinociceptive mechanisms responsible for this effect have not been established. traditional acupuncture-induced antinociception is considered to be mediated by activation of the descending pain inhibitory system (dpis) including initiation of ... | 2005 | 15629266 |
| conformation and activity of delta-lysin and its analogs. | delta-lysin is a 26-residue hemolytic peptide secreted by staphylococcus aureus. unlike the bee venom peptide melittin, delta-lysin does not exhibit antibacterial activity. we have synthesized delta-lysin and several analogs wherein the n-terminal residues of the toxin were sequentially deleted. the toxin has three aspartic acids, four lysines and no prolines. analogs were also generated in which all the aspartic acids were replaced with lysines. a proline residue was introduced in the native se ... | 2005 | 15629533 |
| influence of the beehive type on the quality of honey. | agricultural producers apply numerous technological procedures, and enlarging efforts to produce the high-quality products. this initiative is present in the beekeeping, too. the quality of the honey produced by the honey bee colonies depends of various factors, but prevailing are the ecological conditions and the floristic composition of the honeyfull plants. the aim of our research was to discover the influence of the beehive type on the quality of honey, which is produced at apiaries under th ... | 2004 | 15636106 |
| [research on morphological genetic marker of honeybee (apis melli fera ligustica) in royal jelly production performance]. | the lengths of hypopharyngeal glands (hg) from the left and right side were determined in 19 workers of honeybee(apis mellifera ligustica). there were no significant differences (p<0.05) in length between the left and the right in one worker's hypopharyngeal gland. three hundred and thirty workers were collected from eleven colonies of "znd no.1" italian honeybee(apis mellifera ligustica) respectively. head weight, body weight, ratio between head weight and body weight,bursa number and length of ... | 2003 | 15639958 |
| quantitative real-time reverse transcription-pcr analysis of deformed wing virus infection in the honeybee (apis mellifera l.). | deformed wing virus (dwv) can cause wing deformity and premature death in adult honeybees, although like many other bee viruses, dwv generally persists as a latent infection with no apparent symptoms. using reverse transcription (rt)-pcr and southern hybridization, we detected dwv in all life stages of honeybees, including adults with and without deformed wings. we also found dwv in the parasitic mite varroa destructor, suggesting that this mite may be involved in the transmission of dwv. howeve ... | 2005 | 15640219 |
| varying degrees of apis mellifera ligustica introgression in protected populations of the black honeybee, apis mellifera mellifera, in northwest europe. | the natural distribution of honeybee subspecies in europe has been significantly affected by human activities during the last century. non-native subspecies of honeybees have been introduced and propagated, so that native black honeybee (apis mellifera mellifera) populations lost their identity by gene-flow or went extinct. after previous studies investigated the remaining gene-pools of native honeybees in france and spain, we here assess the genetic composition of eight northwest european popul ... | 2005 | 15643954 |
| immunosuppressive effect of restraint stress on the initiation of allergic rhinitis in mice. | exposure to acute stressors modulates both innate and acquired immune function. however, little is known about whether stress has the potential to modulate the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. | 2005 | 15650311 |
| water soluble fraction (<10 kda) from bee venom reduces visceral pain behavior through spinal alpha 2-adrenergic activity in mice. | we have previously shown that subcutaneous bee venom (bv) injection reduces visceral pain behavior in mice, but it is not clear which constituent of bv is responsible for its antinociceptive effect. in the present study, we now demonstrate that a water-soluble subfraction of bv (bva) reproduces the antinociceptive effect of bv in acetic acid-induced visceral pain model. we further evaluated three different bva subfractions that were separated by molecular weight, and found that only the bvaf3 su ... | 2004 | 15652394 |
| bayesian analysis of an admixture model with mutations and arbitrarily linked markers. | we introduce here a bayesian analysis of a classical admixture model in which all parameters are simultaneously estimated. our approach follows the approximate bayesian computation (abc) framework, relying on massive simulations and a rejection-regression algorithm. although computationally intensive, this approach can easily deal with complex mutation models and partially linked loci, and it can be thoroughly validated without much additional computation cost. compared to a recent maximum-likel ... | 2005 | 15654099 |
| changes of 5-ht receptor subtype mrnas in rat dorsal root ganglion by bee venom-induced inflammatory pain. | the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) technique was used to examine the changes of the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) receptors in the rat lumbar dorsal root ganglion (drg) following subcutaneous bee venom (bv) injection into the plantar surface of the unilateral hindpaw. in the drg ipsilateral to the bv injection, significant increase of mrna levels of 5-ht(1a), 5-ht(1b), 5-ht(2a) and 5-ht(3) receptor subtypes were observed at 1 and 4h after the bv injection, wh ... | 2004 | 15664120 |
| morphology and structure of the tarsal glands of the stingless bee melipona seminigra. | footprint secretions deposited at the nest entrance or on food sources are used for chemical communication by honey bees, bumble bees, and stingless bees. the question of the glandular origin of the substances involved, however, has not been unequivocally answered yet. we investigated the morphology and structure of tarsal glands within the fifth tarsomeres of the legs of workers of melipona seminigra in order to clarify their possible role in the secretion of footprints. the tarsal gland is a s ... | 2005 | 15668781 |
| developmental expression of a tyramine receptor gene in the brain of the honey bee, apis mellifera. | this study reveals that the tyramine receptor gene, amtyr1, is expressed in the developing brain, as well as in the brain of the adult worker honey bee. changes in levels of amtyr1 expression were examined using northern analysis. age-related increases in amtyr1 transcript levels were observed not only during metamorphic adult development, but also in the brain of the adult worker bee. rna in situ hybridization revealed the pattern of amtyr1 expression. cell bodies staining intensely for tyramin ... | 2005 | 15672398 |
| energetic cost of physical activity in cystic fibrosis children during pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary exacerbation. | chronic pulmonary infection by pseudomonas aeruginosa is observed in 50% of patients with cystic fibrosis and requires the use of recurrent intravenous therapy. a decrease of resting energy expenditure (ree) and an increase of physical activity (pa) after intravenous anti-p. aeruginosa therapy (ivat) is observed while total energy expenditure (tee) does not change. a decrease in the energetic cost of physical activity (ecpa) could be hypothesized but has never been studied. our aim was to assess ... | 2005 | 15681106 |
| development of a rapid and sensitive rt-pcr method for the detection of deformed wing virus, a pathogen of the honeybee (apis mellifera). | | 2005 | 15683775 |
| a major allergen gene-fusion protein for potential usage in allergen-specific immunotherapy. | specific immunotherapy is a common treatment of allergic diseases and could potentially be applied to other immunologic disorders. despite its use in clinical practice, more defined and safer allergy vaccine preparations are required. differences between epitopes of ige that recognize the 3-dimensional structure of allergens and t cells that recognize linear amino acid sequences provide a suitable tool for novel vaccine development for specific immunotherapy. | 2005 | 15696088 |
| diversification and independent evolution of troponin c genes in insects. | troponin c (tpnc), the calcium-binding subunit of the troponin regulatory complex in the muscle thin filament, is encoded by multiple genes in insects. to understand how tpnc genes have evolved, we characterized the gene number and structure in a number of insect species. the tpnc gene complement is five genes in drosophilidae as previously reported for d. melanogaster. gene structures are almost identical in d. pseudoobscura, d. suboboscura, and d. virilis. developmental patterns of expression ... | 2005 | 15696366 |
| the africanized honey bee dispersal: a mathematical zoom. | a general mathematical model for population dispersal featuring long range taxis is presented and exemplified by the dispersal episode of the africanized honey bees (apis mellifera adansonii) throughout the american continent. the mathematical model is a discrete-time and nonlocal model represented by an integrodifference recursion. a new taxis concept is defined and introduced into the mathematical model by an appropriate modification of the redistribution kernel. the model is capable of predic ... | 2005 | 15710182 |
| intensity and the ratios of compounds in the scent of snapdragon flowers affect scent discrimination by honeybees (apis mellifera). | floral scent is used by pollinators during foraging to identify and discriminate among flowers. the ability to discriminate among scents may depend on both scent intensity and the ratios of the concentrations of the volatile compounds of a complex mixture rather than on the presence of a few compounds. we used four scent-emitting cultivars of snapdragon (antirrhinum majus) to test this hypothesis by examining the ability of honeybees to differentiate among their scents. each cultivar produced th ... | 2004 | 15711966 |
| systemic immediate allergic reactions to arthropod stings and bites. | most of the encounters with biting and stinging insects result in more or less pronounced localized reactions. typically, urticarial wheals and papular reactions are observed. less often local bullous or hemorrhagic or disseminated papular reactions, particularly in children and immunologically naive adults, may be seen. with the exception of bee and wasp venom allergies, immediate-type allergic reactions to arthropod stings and bites are rare. systemic ige-mediated hypersensitivity has also bee ... | 2005 | 15724094 |
| natural history of hymenoptera venom allergy in eastern spain. | the natural history of stings, the clinical reaction of the patient and in vivo and in vitro tests are necessary parameters to assess before initiating hymenoptera venom immunotherapy. in the decision to initiate immunotherapy with hymenoptera venom, it is not usual to evaluate the natural history of the disease, which seems to be self-limiting and therefore of variable clinical significance. | 2005 | 15725189 |
| phylogeny of na+/ca2+ exchanger (ncx) genes from genomic data identifies new gene duplications and a new family member in fish species. | the na+/ca2+ exchanger (ncx) is a member of the cation/ca2+ antiporter (caca) family and plays a key role in maintaining cellular ca2+ homeostasis in a variety of cell types. ncx is present in a diverse group of organisms and exhibits high overall identity across species. to date, three separate genes, i.e., ncx1, ncx2, and ncx3, have been identified in mammals. however, phylogenetic analysis of the exchanger has been hindered by the lack of nonmammalian ncx sequences. in this study, we expand a ... | 2005 | 15741504 |
| reversible activation of secretory phospholipase a2 by sulfhydryl reagents. | secretory phospholipase a(2)s (spla(2)s) have been implicated in physiological and pathological events, but the regulatory mechanism(s) of their activities in cells remains to be solved. previously, we reported that phenylarsine oxide (pao), a sulfhydryl reagent, stimulated arachidonic acid (aa) release in rat pheochromocytoma pc12 cells. in this study, we examined the effects of thimerosal, another sulfhydryl reagent, to clarify the sulfhydryl modification and activation of spla(2) molecules in ... | 2005 | 15752719 |
| cross-presentation of a cmv pp65 epitope by human dendritic cells using bee venom pla2 as a membrane-binding vector. | we have used bee venom phospholipase a2 as a vector to load human dendritic cells ex vivo with a major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i-restricted epitope fused to its c-terminus. the fusion protein bound to human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and was internalized into early endosomes. in vitro immunization experiments showed that these dendritic cells were able to generate specific cd8 t cell lines against the epitope carried by the fusion protein. cross-presentation did not require ... | 2005 | 15757657 |
| catalase from the silkworm, bombyx mori: gene sequence, distribution, and overexpression. | living organisms require mechanisms regulating reactive oxygen species (ros) such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion. catalase is one of the regulatory enzymes and facilitates the degradation of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water. biochemical information on an insect catalase is, however, insufficient. using mrna from fat body of the silkworm, bombyx mori, a cdna encoding a putative catalase was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. the deduced ami ... | 2005 | 15763464 |
| [antimicrobial properties of bee preparations in ointment form]. | high antimicrobial activity apiphytopreparation in the form of the ointments containing pine turpentine, different concentration of propolis (from 4 to 20 %), honey and carotene oil from carrots (ointment n 4) has been. while testing by the method of diffusion in agar all the studied apiphytopreparation suppressed growth of staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, micrococcus luteus, m. roseus. this effect increased with propolis content increase in the content of oint ... | 2004 | 15765871 |
| phylogenetic and structural analysis of the drosophila melanogaster p21-activated kinase dmpak3. | p21-activated kinases (paks) are a family of serine/threonine kinases whose diverse cellular functions in cytoskeletal reorganisation, cell motility, transformation and cell death are regulated both by the binding of the small rhogtpases rac and cdc42 and by rhogtpase independent mechanisms. the genome of drosophila melanogaster encodes three different pak proteins: dmpak1, dmmbt (dmpak2) and dmpak3. although structurally related, dmpak and dmmbt control different developmental processes and als ... | 2005 | 15777717 |
| the flight physiology of reproductives of africanized, european, and hybrid honeybees (apis mellifera). | neotropical african honeybees (apis mellifera scutellata), in the process of spreading throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the americas, hybridize with and mostly replace european honeybees (primarily apis mellifera mellifera and apis mellifera ligustica). to help understand this process, we studied the effect of lineage (african, european, or hybrid) on the flight physiology of honeybee reproductives. flight metabolic rates were higher in queens and drones of african lineage than in ... | 2005 | 15778935 |
| characterization of the human t cell response to antigen 5 from vespula vulgaris (ves v 5). | the t cell reactivity to the major allergen of bee venom, phospholipase a2, has been thoroughly characterized. in contrast, only little is known about the human cellular response to major allergens from wasp venom. | 2005 | 15784117 |
| observations on the honey bee tracheal mite acarapis woodi (acari: tarsonemidae) using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. | observations were made of cryo-preserved honey bee tracheal mites acarapis woodi (rennie) using scanning electron microscopy. we describe various new morphological attributes of a. woodi based on the ability of the cryo-technique to capture live mites in natural positions and observe the low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (lt-sem) photographs under a 3-d viewer. most striking was the observation that each leg has the ability to independently twist its segments with the ambulacrum rotat ... | 2005 | 15792103 |
| food hypersensitivity in patients with seasonal rhinitis in ankara. | food hypersensitivity (fh) affects 1-2 % of the adult population and is more common in atopic individuals. the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of fh and risk factors for its development in patients with seasonal rhinitis (sr) in our allergy clinic. | 2005 | 15808115 |
| properties of bk(ca) channels in oral keratinocytes. | keratinocytes are important for epithelial antimicrobial barrier function. the activity of ion channels can affect the proliferation of keratinocytes. little is known about ca2+-activated k+ currents in these cells. ion currents in normal human oral keratinocytes were characterized with a patch-clamp technique. in whole-cell configuration, depolarizing pulses evoked k+ outward currents (i(k)) in oral keratinocytes. iberiotoxin (200 nm) and paxilline (1 microm) suppressed i(k); however, neither a ... | 2005 | 15840785 |
| transcriptional profiling reveals multifunctional roles for transferrin in the honeybee, apis mellifera. | transferrins belong to a family of iron-binding proteins that have been implicated in innate immunity and in vitellogenesis in insects. here we have sequenced and characterized a full-length cdna encoding a putative iron-binding transferrin (amtrf) in the honeybee. amtrf shows high level of sequence identity with transferrins in both vertebrates and insects (26-46%) suggesting that the primary function of the predicted 712 amino acid protein is binding and transporting of iron. amtrf is expresse ... | 2003 | 15841243 |
| effects of propolis on cell growth and gene expression in hl-60 cells. | brazilian propolis obtained from honeybee hives was extracted with water or ethanol. cell growth-inhibitory activities of these propolis extracts were found in hl-60 human myeloid leukemia cells. the extracts-induced apoptosis in the cells, which was characterized by morphological and nucleosomal dna fragmentation analysis. the apoptosis was mainly attributed to the induction of granulocytic differentiation, which was evaluated by nitro blue tetrazolium (nbt) reducing assays and cytofluorometric ... | 2005 | 15848013 |
| chemical composition and antibacterial activity of propolis collected by three different races of honeybees in the same region. | the chemical analysis and antibacterial activity of three types of propolis collected three different races of apis mellifera bee in the same apiary were investigated. propolis samples were investigated by gc/ms, 48 compounds were identified 32 being new for propolis. the compounds identified indicated that the main plant sources of propolis were populus alba, populus tremuloides and salix alba. the antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa an ... | 2005 | 15848022 |
| effects of bee venom on the pro-inflammatory responses in raw264.7 macrophage cell line. | the purpose of this study is to elucidate the molecular mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of bee venom (bv), which has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases in oriental medicine. with this aim, we examined the effects of bv on the nitric oxide (no) production by lipopolysaccharide (lps) or sodium nitroprusside in raw264.7 macrophages. we further investigated the effects of bv on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2), nuclear ... | 2005 | 15848037 |
| isoenzyme variation in melipona rufiventris (hymenoptera: apidae, meliponina) in minas gerais state, brazil. | the stingless bee melipona rufiventris is an important pollinator in several brazilian ecosystems. originally widely distributed in minas gerais (mg) state, this species is becoming very rare. therefore this species was included in the endangered species list of mg. we used isoenzyme data for a better understanding of the genetic structure of several m. rufiventris colonies. samples of 35 colonies were collected from 12 localities and evaluated by nine enzymatic systems, which yielded 17 loci. m ... | 2005 | 15859519 |
| antibacterial activity of bee honey and its therapeutic usefulness against escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella typhimurium infection. | the authors studied the effect of storage period and heat on the physical and chemical properties of honey and proceeded to study the antibacterial effect of honey on escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium. in samples of honey (egyptian clover honey) that were heat-treated and stored over a long period of time, water content decreased, hydroxymethyl furfural (hmf) was produced and increased in concentration, and enzyme activity decreased. colour, measured in optical density, was markedly af ... | 2004 | 15861897 |
| evidence for peripherally antinociceptive action of propofol in rats: behavioral and spinal neuronal responses to subcutaneous bee venom. | in the present study, behavioral and in vivo electrophysiological methods were used to examine the peripheral effects of propofol on tonic ongoing pain-related responses produced by subcutaneous bee venom-induced inflammatory pain state. local administration of 0.5 microg propofol produced significant suppression of the well-established ongoing pain responses in both conscious rats and dorsal horn nociceptive neurons. the locally antinociceptive action of propofol is not caused by systemic effec ... | 2005 | 15862538 |
| increased expression of osteopontin is associated with long-term bee venom immunotherapy. | venom allergen immunotherapy (vit) is proven to be highly effective for insect allergy, but the mechanisms and the biomarkers associated with clinical efficacy remain elusive. | 2005 | 15867867 |
| simultaneous and successive colour discrimination in the honeybee (apis mellifera). | the colour discrimination of individual free-flying honeybees (apis mellifera) was tested with simultaneous and successive viewing conditions for a variety of broadband reflectance stimuli. for simultaneous viewing bees used form vision to discriminate patterned target stimuli from homogeneous coloured distractor stimuli, and for successive discrimination bees were required to discriminate between homogeneously coloured stimuli. bees were significantly better at a simultaneous discrimination tas ... | 2005 | 15871026 |
| lethal and sub-lethal effects of spinosad on bumble bees (bombus impatiens cresson). | recent developments of new families of pesticides and growing awareness of the importance of wild pollinators for crop pollination have stimulated interest in potential effects of novel pesticides on wild bees. yet pesticide toxicity studies on wild bees remain rare, and few studies have included long-term monitoring of bumble bee colonies or testing of foraging ability after pesticide exposure. larval bees feeding on exogenous pollen and exposed to pesticides during development may result in le ... | 2005 | 15880684 |
| activation of spinal extracellular signaling-regulated kinases by intraplantar melittin injection. | intraplantar injection of melittin, a major toxic peptide of whole bee venom, has been proved to cause alteration in both behavioral and spinal neuronal responses in rats. to see whether extracellular signaling-regulated kinases (erk) in the spinal cord dorsal horn are activated and involved in induction and maintenance of persistent ongoing nociception, pain hypersensitivity and inflammation, three doses of u0126 (1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1, 4-bis-[o-aminophenylmercapto]butadiene), a widely used ... | 2005 | 15882816 |
| inhibitory effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on the growth of c6 glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. | caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape), a component of honeybee propolis, has been reported to hold various biochemical responses. in the preliminary study, we found that cape inhibited the growth of c6 glioma cells in a dose dependent and time dependent manner as shown by the results of trypan blue dye exclusion assay and cell proliferation assay. in addition, the cell number percentage of the g0/g1 phase increased to 85% after the treatment with 50 microm of cape for 24h. after treatment with cap ... | 2006 | 15885897 |
| immunocytochemical localization of an allatotropin in developmental stages of heliothis virescens and apis mellifera. | juvenile hormone biosynthesis by the corpora allata is regulated by stimulatory neuropeptides called allatotropins and inhibitory neuropeptides called allatostatins. this study localized manduca sexta allatotropin-like material in developmental stages of the noctuid moth heliothis virescens and the honeybee apis mellifera. immunocytochemical methods using both fluorescence-tagged antibodies and enzyme-coupled antibodies were used to stain the central nervous tissue of both species. h. virescens ... | 2005 | 15890177 |
| the composition and timing of flower odour emission by wild petunia axillaris coincide with the antennal perception and nocturnal activity of the pollinator manduca sexta. | in the genus petunia, distinct pollination syndromes may have evolved in association with bee-visitation (p. integrifolia spp.) or hawk moth-visitation (p. axillaris spp). we investigated the extent of congruence between floral fragrance and olfactory perception of the hawk moth manduca sexta. hawk moth pollinated p. axillaris releases high levels of several compounds compared to the bee-pollinated p. integrifolia that releases benzaldehyde almost exclusively. the three dominating compounds in p ... | 2005 | 15891900 |
| screening of biological activities present in honeybee (apis mellifera) royal jelly. | bioactivities present in three honeybee royal jelly (rj) protein fractions were screened for diverse in vitro model systems. rjcp, a rj crude protein extract, stimulated cell growth of tn-5b1-4 insect cells inducing 6.5 population doublings per mg of protein added to culture medium, meanwhile fetal bovine serum, the usual growth supplement, gave rise only to 2.55 population doublings. rjcp, as well as the fractions rjp30 and rjp60 obtained by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, also affected tn ... | 2005 | 15893447 |
| effect of bee venom on aromatase expression and activity in leukaemic flg 29.1 and primary osteoblastic cells. | the effect of bee venom aqua-acupuncture (bva) (api-toxin), a traditional immunosuppressive korean aqua-acupuncture, on the bone function in human osteoblastic cells was studied. to provide insights into the effect of bva on aromatase activity in bone-derived cells, we examined the human leukaemic cell line flg 29.1, which is induced to differentiate toward the osteoclastic phenotype by tpa and tgf-beta1, and the primary first-passage osteoblastic cells (hob). southern blot of rt-pcr products wi ... | 2005 | 15894134 |
| impact of an ectoparasite on the immunity and pathology of an invertebrate: evidence for host immunosuppression and viral amplification. | varroa mites (varroa destructor) are ectoparasites of honey bees (apis mellifera) and cause serious damage to bee colonies. the mechanism of how varroa mites kill honey bees remains unclear. we have addressed the effects of the mites on bee immunity and the replication of a picorna-like virus, the deformed wing virus (dwv). the expression of genes encoding three antimicrobial peptides (abaecin, defensin, and hymenoptaecin) and four immunity-related enzymes (phenol oxidase, glucose dehydrogenase, ... | 2005 | 15897457 |
| five ways to tackle toxicity (or the ant, the spider, and the bee). 6th international workshop on adverse drug reactions and lipodystrophy in hiv. october 25-28, 2004, washington, dc. | | 2005 | 15898145 |
| effects of ethanol and water extracts of propolis (bee glue) on acute inflammatory animal models. | the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol (eep) and water (wsd) extracts in icr mice and wistar rats were analyzed. both wsd and eep exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects in animal models with respect to thoracic capillary vessel leakage in mice, carrageenan-induced oedema, carrageenan-induced pleurisy, acute lung damage in rats. the mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory effects probably involve decreasing prostaglandin-e(2) (pge(2)) and nitric oxide (no) levels. in rats with freund's co ... | 2005 | 15899563 |
| bee venom induces apoptosis through caspase-3 activation in synovial fibroblasts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. | bee venom (bv) has been used traditionally for the control of pain and inflammation in various chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (ra) in oriental medicine. however, it is still unclear how bv exerts its beneficial effects on the clinical course of ra patients. to investigate the effect of bv on the treatment of rheumatoid synovitis, we examined the inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. rheumatoid synovial fibrob ... | 2005 | 15922390 |
| candida riodocensis and candida cellae, two new yeast species from the starmerella clade associated with solitary bees in the atlantic rain forest of brazil. | two new ascomycetous yeast species belonging to the starmerella clade were discovered in nests of two solitary bee species in the atlantic rain forest of brazil. candida riodocensis was isolated from pollen-nectar provisions, larvae and fecal pellets of nests of megachile sp., and candida cellae was found in pollen-nectar provisions of centris tarsata. analysis of the sequences of the d1/d2 large-subunit ribosomal dna showed that c. riodocensis is phylogenetically related to c. batistae, and the ... | 2005 | 15925316 |
| two related cinnamic acid derivatives from brazilian honey bee propolis, baccharin and drupanin, induce growth inhibition in allografted sarcoma s-180 in mice. | honey bee propolis is rich in cinnamic acid derivatives. baccharin and drupanin from brazilian honey bee propolis are cinnamic acid derivatives that contain prenyl moieties. we previously isolated these two compounds and demonstrated that they induce an apoptotic event in several tumor cell lines. in this study, we examined the tumoricidal activity of baccharin and drupanin in mice allografted with sarcoma s-180 and also studied the genotoxic effects on normal splenocytes using the alkaline sing ... | 2005 | 15930739 |
| bacteriocin from honeybee beebread enterococcus avium, active against listeria monocytogenes. | enterococcus avium isolated from apis mellifera beebread produces a thermoresistant bacteriocin with a strain-dependent inhibitory effect on listeria and without effect on gram-negative bacteria. the bacteriocin appeared to be a polypeptide of about 6 kda. genetic analyses revealed no extrachromosomal material in e. avium. | 2005 | 15933045 |
| africanization in the united states: replacement of feral european honeybees (apis mellifera l.) by an african hybrid swarm. | the expansion of africanized honeybees from south america to the southwestern united states in <50 years is considered one of the most spectacular biological invasions yet documented. in the american tropics, it has been shown that during their expansion africanized honeybees have low levels of introgressed alleles from resident european populations. in the united states, it has been speculated, but not shown, that africanized honeybees would hybridize extensively with european honeybees. here w ... | 2005 | 15937139 |
| level of osteopontin is increased after bee venom immunotherapy. | | 2005 | 15940155 |
| royal jelly has estrogenic effects in vitro and in vivo. | royal jelly (rj) from honeybees (apis mellifera) is traditionally thought to improve menopausal symptoms. the potential estrogenic activities of rj were investigated using various approaches. rj competed for binding of 17beta-estradiol to the human estrogen receptor alpha and beta but its affinities were weak compared with diethylstilbestrol and phytoestrogens. the reporter gene expression assays suggested that 0.1-1 mg/ml rj activated estrogen receptors, leading to enhanced transcription of a r ... | 2005 | 15946813 |
| tertiapin-q blocks recombinant and native large conductance k+ channels in a use-dependent manner. | tertiapin, a short peptide from honey bee venom, has been reported to specifically block the inwardly rectifying k(+) (kir) channels, including g protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel (girk) 1+girk4 heteromultimers and romk1 homomultimers. in the present study, the effects of a stable and functionally similar derivative of tertiapin, tertiapin-q, were examined on recombinant human voltage-dependent ca(2+)-activated large conductance k(+) channel (bk or maxik; alpha-subunit or hsl ... | 2005 | 15947038 |
| unilateral subcutaneous bee venom but not formalin injection causes contralateral hypersensitized wind-up and after-discharge of the spinal withdrawal reflex in anesthetized spinal rats. | this study aimed to investigate the effect of tonic nociception on spinal withdrawal reflexes including (1) long lasting spontaneous responses elicited by subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of formalin (2.5%, 50 microl) and bee venom (bv, 0.2 mg/50 microl) into the hind paw and (2) corresponding ipsilateral (primary) and contralateral (secondary) hypersensitivity to noxious pinch and repetitive supra-threshold (1.5 x t) electrical stimuli at different frequencies (3 hz: wind-up; 20 hz: after-dis ... | 2005 | 15950221 |
| in vitro and in vivo susceptibility of the honeybee bacterial pathogen paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae to the antibiotic tylosin. | the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of tylosin were determined to 67 strains of paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae, the causal agent of american foulbrood (afb) disease, from different geographical origins. mic values obtained ranged from 0.0078 to 0.5 microg/ml. these very low values imply that no resistance to tylosin was found in any isolate of the foulbrood pathogen. the measurement of diseased larvae with afb-clinical symptoms in three different field studies demonstrated that tylo ... | 2005 | 15951140 |
| bee venom modulates murine th1/th2 lineage development. | administration of bee venom (bv) elicits anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and anti-allergic effects in various animal models. this study was designed to evaluate the direct effects of bv on helper t cell activities and on th1/th2 lineage development using both in vitro and in vivo conditions. in the th1 skewed condition, bv increased the expression of ifn-gamma mrna and enhanced the expression of t-bet on purified cd4(+) t cells from splenocytes of balb/c mice. on the other hand, bv treatment ... | 2005 | 15953567 |
| the anti-inflammatory effect of peripheral bee venom stimulation is mediated by central muscarinic type 2 receptors and activation of sympathetic preganglionic neurons. | the anti-inflammatory effect (ai) induced by peripheral injection of diluted bee venom (dbv) involves activation of spinal cord circuits and is mediated by catecholamine release from adrenal medulla, but the precise neuronal mechanisms involved are not fully understood. in a recent study, we demonstrated that an increase in spinal acetylcholine is involved in mediating the anti-inflammatory effect of dbv and that this mediation also involves adrenomedullary activation. the present study utilized ... | 2005 | 15953592 |
| solenopsis invicta virus-1a (sinv-1a): distinct species or genotype of sinv-1? | we have cloned and sequenced a 2845 bp cdna representing the 3'-end of either a new picorna-like virus species or genotype of solenopsis invicta virus-1 (sinv-1). analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed 1 large open reading frame. the amino acid sequence of the translated open reading frame was most identical to structural proteins of sinv-1 (97%), followed by the kashmir bee virus (kbv, 30%), and acute bee paralysis virus (abpv, 29%). a pcr-based survey for sinv-1 and the new species or ge ... | 2005 | 15955342 |
| correlations between edema and the immediate and prolonged painful consequences of inflammation: therapeutic implications? | the precise relationship between the degree of pain and the degree of inflammation in the individual remains debated. a quantitative analysis simultaneously applied to the immediate and prolonged painful consequences of inflammation has not yet been done. thus, the correlations between edema, nociception and hypersensitivity following an inflammatory insult were assessed in rodents. to better understand the therapeutic value of modifying specific aspects of inflammation, the effects of an anti-i ... | 2005 | 15968421 |
| modulation of nicotinic acetylcholine and n-methyl-d-aspartate receptors by some hymenopteran venoms. | the effect of 19 venoms from solitary wasps, solitary bees, social wasps and ants were investigated for their effects on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachr) and ionotropic glutamate receptors (igrs) of both the n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmdar) and non-nmdar type. whole-cell patch clamp of human muscle te671 cells was used to study nachr, and of rat cortical and cerebellar granule cells for igrs. solitary wasp venoms caused significant voltage-dependent antagonism of nachr responses to 10 micro ... | 2005 | 15970304 |
| the impact of host starvation on parasite development and population dynamics in an intestinal trypanosome parasite of bumble bees. | host nutrition plays an important role in determining the development and success of parasitic infections. while studies of vertebrate hosts are accumulating, little is known about how host nutrition affects parasites of invertebrate hosts. crithidia bombi is a gut trypanosome parasite of the bumble bee, bombus terrestris and here we use it as a model system to determine the impact of host nutrition on the population dynamics and development of micro-parasites in invertebrates. pollen-starved be ... | 2005 | 15977900 |
| use of a spectrophotometric bioassay for determination of microbial sensitivity to manuka honey. | the antimicrobial activity of manuka honey has been well documented (molan, 1992a,b,c, 1997) [molan, p.c., 1992. the antibacterial activity of honey. 1: the nature of the antibacterial activity. bee world 73 (1) 5-28; molan, p.c., 1992. the antibacterial activity of honey. 2: variation in the potency of the antibacterial activity. bee world 73 (2) 59-76; molan, p.c., 1992. medicinal uses for honey. beekeepers quarterly 26; molan, p.c., 1997. finding new zealand honeys with outstanding antibacter ... | 2006 | 15979745 |
| anti-inflammatory profile of dehydrocostic acid, a novel sesquiterpene acid with a pharmacophoric conjugated diene. | sesquiterpene acids are natural products that, in contrast with the thoroughly studied sesquiterpene lactones, have received little pharmacological attention. a good source of this class of compounds is inula viscosa (asteraceae), a plant with documented anti-inflammatory effects. the present paper gives the results of our investigations on the biochemical mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory activity of one such compound, dehydrocostic acid. the most salient findings were that in vitro ... | 2005 | 15982859 |
| detection of galangin-induced cytoplasmic membrane damage in staphylococcus aureus by measuring potassium loss. | galangin is one of the active antimicrobial principles of propolis or 'bee glue' and helichrysum aureonitens, a perennial herb used by south african indigenes to treat infection. the effect of this compound and antibacterial agents with known mechanisms of action upon the cytoplasmic membrane integrity of staphylococcus aureus was investigated by comparing potassium loss profiles from bacterial cell suspensions. using an agar dilution assay, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of the fl ... | 2005 | 15985350 |
| molecular characterization of the ebony gene from the american cockroach, periplaneta americana. | biogenic amines are an important class of primary messengers in the central (cns) and peripheral nervous systems and in peripheral organs. these substances regulate and modulate many physiological and behavioral processes. various inactivation mechanisms for these substances exist to terminate biogenic amine-mediated signal transduction. in vertebrates, the enzymes monoamine oxidase and/or catechol-o-methyl-transferase are involved in these processes. in insects, however, in which both enzymes a ... | 2005 | 15986380 |
| inhibitory effect of whole bee venom in adjuvant-induced arthritis. | the aim of this study was to assess the inhibitory effect of whole bee venom (bv) on adjuvant-induced arthritis in the rat. rats were divided into pre-apitherapy, post-apitherapy and control experimental groups. the pre-apitherapy group was subcutaneously stung with a honeybee (apis mellifera l.) and the control group was subcutaneously injected with 0.1 ml of physiological saline solution one day prior to complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) injection. the post-apitherapy group was subcutaneously s ... | 2005 | 15999553 |
| occurrence of mycotoxin producing fungi in bee pollen. | the natural mycobiota occurring in bee pollen is studied in the present report with special attention to analyze the incidence of fungal species that are potential producers of mycotoxins. a total of 90 ready-to-eat bee pollen samples were analyzed. eighty-seven samples were collected in stores placed in different spanish areas and three were from buenos aires (argentina). the statistical results (anova) showed that yeasts and penicillium spp. were the predominant fungi. with regard to the poten ... | 2005 | 16009441 |
| oleic acid-induced lung injury in rats and effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester. | caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape) is a phenolic antioxidant and is an active anti-inflammatory component of honeybee propolis. the authors evaluated the effects of cape on oxidative stress and lung damage in an oleic acid (oa)-induced lung-injury model. rats were divided into 5 groups as sham, oa, cape, pre-oa-cape, and post-oa-cape. acute lung injury was induced by intravenous administration of 100 mg/kg of oa. pre-oa-cape group received cape (10 micromol/kg. intravenously) 15 minutes before ... | 2005 | 16019983 |