| photodynamic effects of zinc phthalocyanines on intracellular amastigotes of leishmania amazonensis and leishmania braziliensis. | this study investigated the photoactivity of four zinc phthalocyanines (pczns) on a murine macrophage cell line infected with leishmania amazonensis or leishmania braziliensis. infected and uninfected cells were incubated with pczns at different concentrations (1-10 μm) for 3 h and then exposed to an led device in continuous wave mode at 660 nm with a fluency of 50 j/cm(2) (25 mv). enzymatic activity was determined by mtt assay 24 h after light treatment. the results demonstrated that all pczns ... | 2015 | 25288263 |
| synthesis, leishmanicidal activity and theoretical evaluations of a series of substituted bis-2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinones. | a series of eight substituted bis-2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives was synthesized through lawsone condensation with various aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes under mild acidic conditions. the title compounds were evaluated for antileishmanial activity in vitro against leishmania amazonensis and leishmania braziliensis promastigotes; six compounds showed good activity without significant toxic effects. the compound with the highest activity was used for an in vivo assay with leishmania am ... | 2014 | 25247686 |
| in vitro cytokines profile and ultrastructural changes of microglia and macrophages following interaction with leishmania. | in the present study, we assessed morphological changes and cytokine production after in vitro interaction with causative agents of american cutaneous leishmaniasis and compared the microglia and macrophage immune responses. cultures of microglia and macrophages infected with stationary-phase promastigotes of leishmania (viannia) shawi, leishmania (viannia) braziliensis or leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis were evaluated 24, 48 and 72 h after interaction. macrophages only presented the classic ... | 2014 | 24717447 |
| in vitro and in vivo efficacy of novel flavonoid dimers against cutaneous leishmaniasis. | treatment of leishmaniasis by chemotherapy remains a challenge because of limited efficacy, toxic side effects, and drug resistance. we previously reported that synthetic flavonoid dimers have potent antipromastigote and antiamastigote activity against leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. here, we further investigate their leishmanicidal activities against cutaneous leishmania species. one of the flavonoid dimers (compound 39) has marked antipromastigote (50% inhib ... | 2014 | 24687505 |
| molecular characterization of the mrpa transporter and antimony uptake in four new world leishmania spp. susceptible and resistant to antimony. | atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters have been associated with drug resistance in various diseases. the mrpa gene, a transporter of abcc subfamily, is involved in the resistance by sequestering metal-thiol conjugates in intracellular vesicles of leishmania parasite. in this study, we performed the molecular characterization of the mrpa transporter, analysis of p-glycoprotein (pgp) and aquaglyceroporin-1 (aqp1) expression, and determination of antimony level in antimony-susceptible and -resist ... | 2013 | 24533304 |
| sod1 plasma level as a biomarker for therapeutic failure in cutaneous leishmaniasis. | we show that increased plasma superoxide dismutase 1 (sod1) levels are statistically significant predictors of the failure of pentavalent antimony treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania braziliensis. in leishmania amazonensis-infected patients, host sod1 levels can be used to discriminate between localized and drug-resistant diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. using in situ transcriptomics (ncounter), we demonstrate a significant positive correlation between host sod1 and interf ... | 2014 | 24511100 |
| leishmania braziliensis and leishmania amazonensis amastigote extracts differ in their enhancement effect on leishmania infection when injected intradermally. | it has been reported that repeated intravenous injections of a relatively large amount of leishmania amazonensis amastigote extract (lae) in balb/c mice exacerbates the infection of these mice by leishmania braziliensis. the identification of the extract active principle(s) through physicochemical purification often involves dilution and losses of protein in the course of successive purification procedures. the large amount of the extract required to induce the phenomenon, therefore, hinders the ... | 2014 | 24484604 |
| cross-protective effect of a combined l5 plus l3 leishmania major ribosomal protein based vaccine combined with a th1 adjuvant in murine cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. | two leishmania major ribosomal proteins l3 (lml3) and l5 (lml5) have been described as protective molecules against cutaneous leishmaniasis due to infection with l. major and leishmania braziliensis in balb/c mice when immunized with a th1 adjuvant (non-methylated cpg-oligodeoxynucleotides; cpg-odn). in the present study we analyzed the cross-protective efficacy of an lml3-lml5-cpg odn combined vaccine against infection with leishmania amazonensis and leishmania chagasi (syn. leishmania infantum ... | 2014 | 24382098 |
| a2 and other visceralizing proteins of leishmania: role in pathogenesis and application for vaccine development. | visceral leishmaniasis is a re-emergent disease and a significant cause of morbidity worldwide. amongst the more than 20 leishmania species, leishmania donovani, leishmania infantum and more rarely leishmania amazonensis are associated with visceral leishmaniasis. a major question in leishmaniasis research is how these species migrate to and infect visceral organs whereas other species such as leishmania major and leishmania braziliensis remain in the skin, causing tegumentary leishmaniasis. her ... | 2014 | 24264241 |
| genotoxicity and antileishmanial activity evaluation of physalis angulata concentrated ethanolic extract. | antileishmanial in vitro tests, as well as ames and micronucleus assays were performed with a concentrated ethanolic extract of physalis angulata (eepa) results: eepa did not present mutagenic effect in salmonella typhimurium strains at concentration reaching 3000 μg/plate and did not induce mutagenic effects after two oral administrations with a 24h interval at a dose level of 2000 mg/kg. eepa presented antileishmanial activity and presented an ic₅₀ value of 5.35 ± 2.50 μg/ml and 4.50 ± 1.17 μg ... | 2013 | 24231691 |
| in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial and trypanocidal studies of new n-benzene- and n-naphthalenesulfonamide derivatives. | we report in vivo and in vitro antileishmanial and trypanocidal activities of a new series of n-substituted benzene and naphthalenesulfonamides 1-15. compounds 1-15 were screened in vitro against leishmania infantum , leishmania braziliensis , leishmania guyanensis , leishmania amazonensis , and trypanosoma cruzi . sulfonamides 6e, 10b, and 10d displayed remarkable activity and selectivity toward t. cruzi epimastigotes and amastigotes. 6e showed significant trypanocidal activity on parasitemia i ... | 2013 | 24151871 |
| synthesis and activity of novel tetrazole compounds and their pyrazole-4-carbonitrile precursors against leishmania spp. | a new series of 5-(1-aryl-3-methyl-1h-pyrazol-4-yl)-1h-tetrazole derivatives (4a-m) and their precursor 1-aryl-3-methyl-1h-pyrazole-4-carbonitriles (3a-m) were synthesized and evaluated as antileishmanials against leishmania braziliensis and leishmania amazonensis promastigotes in vitro. in parallel, the cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated on the raw 264.7 cell line. the results showed that among the assayed compounds the substituted 3-chlorophenyl (4a) (ic50/24h=15±0.14 μm) and 3,4-di ... | 2013 | 24125880 |
| in vitro interaction between paromomycin sulphate and four drugs with leishmanicidal activity against three new world leishmania species. | to evaluate in vitro interactions between paromomycin sulphate and the antileishmanial drugs meglumine antimoniate, amphotericin b, miltefosine and azithromycin against intracellular leishmania (leishmania) infantum chagasi, leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis amastigotes in peritoneal mouse macrophages. | 2014 | 23970484 |
| synthesis, antileishmanial activity and structure-activity relationship of 1-n-x-phenyl-3-n'-y-phenyl-benzamidines. | two series of n,n'-diphenyl-benzamidines were synthesized as part of a study to search potential new drugs with antileishmanial activity. these compounds were obtained by anilides in pcl5 halogenation reaction with generation in situ of the corresponding benzimidoyl chlorides, and subsequently treatment with adequate anilines. the series i showed expressive results of antileishmanial activity, highlighted the compounds 9a with ic50 = 81.28 μm (log ic50 = 1.91 μm) against leishmania chagasi, 8e w ... | 2013 | 23851118 |
| inflammasome-derived il-1β production induces nitric oxide-mediated resistance to leishmania. | parasites of the leishmania genus are the causative agents of leishmaniasis in humans, a disease that affects more than 12 million people worldwide. these parasites replicate intracellularly in macrophages, and the primary mechanisms underlying host resistance involve the production of nitric oxide (no). in this study we show that the nlrp3 inflammasome is activated in response to leishmania infection and is important for the restriction of parasite replication both in macrophages and in vivo as ... | 2013 | 23749230 |
| drimanes from drimys brasiliensis with leishmanicidal and antimalarial activity. | this paper evaluates chcl3 and ch3oh extracts of the stem bark, branches and leaves of drimys brasiliensis and drimane sesquiterpenes isolated from the stem bark against strains of leishmania amazonensis and leishmania braziliensis promastigotes and plasmodium falciparum trophozoites. all of the extracts and compounds were tested in cell lines in comparison with reference standards and cell viability was determined by the xtt method. the chcl3 and ch3oh extracts from the stem bark and branches y ... | 2013 | 23579790 |
| triphenylmethane derivatives have high in vitro and in vivo activity against the main causative agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis. | the current standard of care for cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is organic antimonial compounds, but the administration of these compounds is complicated by a low therapeutic - toxic index, as well as parenteral administration. thus, there is an urgent need for the development of new and inexpensive therapies for the treatment of cl. in this study, we evaluate the activity of the triphenylmethane (tpm) class of compounds against three species of leishmania which are pathogenic in humans. the tpm h ... | 2013 | 23341885 |
| immunopathogenesis of non-healing american cutaneous leishmaniasis and progressive visceral leishmaniasis. | the outcomes of leishmania infection are determined by host immune and nutrition status, parasite species, and co-infection with other pathogens. while subclinical infection and self-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) are common, uncontrolled parasite replication can lead to non-healing local lesions or visceral leishmaniasis (vl). it is known that infection control requires th1-differentiation cytokines (il-12, il-18, and il-27) and th1 cell and macrophage activation. however, there is no gen ... | 2012 | 23053396 |
| dillapiole as antileishmanial agent: discovery, cytotoxic activity and preliminary sar studies of dillapiole analogues. | in this paper, the isolation of dillapiole (1) from piper aduncum was reported as well as the semi-synthesis of two phenylpropanoid derivatives [di-hydrodillapiole (2), isodillapiole (3)], via reduction and isomerization reactions. also, the compounds' molecular properties (structural, electronic, hydrophobic, and steric) were calculated and investigated to establish some preliminary structure-activity relationships (sar). compounds were evaluated for in vitro antileishmanial activity and cytoto ... | 2012 | 22996811 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeastern brazil: a critical appraisal of studies conducted in state of pernambuco. | american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) is a complex disease with clinical and epidemiological features that may vary from region to region. in fact, at least seven different leishmania species, including leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, leishmania (viannia) guyanensis, leishmania (viannia) lainsoni, leishmania (viannia) naiffi, leishmania (viannia) shawi, leishmania (viannia) lindenbergi, and leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis, have been implicated in the etiology of acl in brazil, and numero ... | 2012 | 22836662 |
| in vitro leishmanicidal activity of n-dodecyl-1,2-ethanediamine. | polyamine biosynthesis and inhibition in parasites have been an attractive chemotherapeutic approach in the design of novel antiparasitic drugs. we study in this work the effect of n-dodecyl-1,2-ethylenediamine (ndde) on the morphology and replication of leishmania using macrophages cultured from the peritoneal exudate of mice infected in vitro with three species of leishmania: leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis, leishmania (viannia) brasiliensis and leishmania (leishmania) chagasi. the results ... | 2012 | 22440898 |
| leishmania amazonensis impairs dc function by inhibiting cd40 expression via a2b adenosine receptor activation. | dendritic cells (dcs) play an essential role in the modulation of immune responses and several studies have evaluated the interactions between leishmania parasites and dcs. while extracellular atp exhibits proinflammatory properties, adenosine is an important anti-inflammatory mediator. here we investigated the effects of leishmania infection on dc responses and the participation of purinergic signalling in this process. bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (bmdcs) from c57bl/6j mice infected wit ... | 2012 | 22311598 |
| multifunctional cd4⁺ t cells in patients with american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | leishmaniasis is a group of important parasitic diseases affecting millions worldwide. to understand more clearly the quality of t helper type 1 (th1) response stimulated after leishmania infection, we applied a multiparametric flow cytometry protocol to evaluate multifunctional t cells induced by crude antigen extracts obtained from promastigotes of leishmania braziliensis (lbag) and leishmania amazonensis (laag) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healed cutaneous leishmaniasis patients ... | 2012 | 22288594 |
| simple dialkyl pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylates show in vitro and in vivo activity against disease-causing trypanosomatids. | the synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of some simple dialkyl pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylates (compounds 2-6) and their sodium salts (pyrazolates) (compounds 7-9) against trypanosoma cruzi, leishmania infantum and leishmania braziliensis are reported. in most cases the studied compounds showed, especially against the clinically significant amastigote forms, in vitro activities higher than those of the reference drugs (benznidazole for t. cruzi and glucantime for leishmania spp.); furthermore, the ... | 2017 | 28367781 |
| synthetic peptides as potential antigens for cutaneous leishmaniosis diagnosis. | this work's goal was to research new candidate antigens for cutaneous leishmaniosis (cl). in order to reach the goal, we used random peptide phage display libraries screened using antibodies from leishmania braziliensis patients. after selection, three peptides (p1, p2, and p3) were synthesized using fmoc chemistry. the peptides individually or a mixture of them (mix) was subsequently emulsified in complete and incomplete freund's adjuvant and injected subcutaneously in golden hamsters. sera fro ... | 2017 | 28367456 |
| species-specific ecological niche modelling predicts different range contractions for lutzomyia intermedia and a related vector of leishmania braziliensis following climate change in south america. | before 1996 the phlebotomine sand fly lutzomyia neivai was usually treated as a synonym of the morphologically similar lutzomyia intermedia, which has long been considered a vector of leishmania braziliensis, the causative agent of much cutaneous leishmaniasis in south america. this report investigates the likely range changes of both sand fly species in response to a stabilisation climate change scenario (rcp4.5) and a high greenhouse gas emissions one (rcp8.5). | 2017 | 28340594 |
| in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity of artemisia annua l. leaf powder and its potential usefulness in the treatment of uncomplicated cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is a tropical disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide. the current drugs for cl may be effective but have serious side effects; hence, alternatives are urgently needed. although plant-derived materials are used for the treatment of various diseases in 80% of the global population, the validation of these products is essential. gelatin capsules containing dried artemisia annua leaf powder were recently developed as a new herbal formulation (totum) for t ... | 2017 | 28327802 |
| seasonality of sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) and leishmania dna detection in vector species in an area with endemic visceral leishmaniasis. | leishmaniases are a serious health problem in southeast brazil, including the city of belo horizonte (bh), minas gerais state (mg), where there are high rates of incidence and mortality due to visceral leishmaniases. bh is divided into nine sanitary districts (sd) of which one, the venda nova sd, was selected for this study because it has high rates of positivity for canine leishmaniasis and high incidence of human leishmaniasis. | 2017 | 28327794 |
| a vaccine therapy for canine visceral leishmaniasis promoted significant improvement of clinical and immune status with reduction in parasite burden. | herein, we evaluated the treatment strategy employing a therapeutic heterologous vaccine composed of antigens of leishmania braziliensis associated with mpl adjuvant (lbmpl vaccine) for visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in symptomatic dogs naturally infected by leishmania infantum. sixteen dogs received immunotherapy with mpl adjuvant (n = 6) or with a vaccine composed of antigens of l. braziliensis associated with mpl (lbmpl vaccine therapy, n = 10). dogs were submitted to an immunotherapeutic scheme ... | 2017 | 28321217 |
| a library of seleno-compounds and leishmania species: rising evidences towards novel agents. | in vitro leishmanicidal activity of a series of forty-eight selenium derivatives, recently synthesized, was tested on leishmania infantum and leishmania braziliensis parasites, using promastigotes and intracellular amastigote forms. the cytotoxicity of the tested compounds on j774.2 macrophage cells was also measured in order to establish their selectivity. six of the tested compounds (8, 10, 11, 15, 45 and 48) showed selectivity indexes higher than those of the reference drug glucantime for bot ... | 2017 | 28320721 |
| annexin a1 is involved in the resolution of inflammatory responses during leishmania braziliensis infection. | leishmaniases are diseases caused by several leishmania species. leishmania (viannia) braziliensis can cause localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl), which heals spontaneously, or mucosal leishmaniasis (ml), characterized by chronic and intense inflammation and scanty parasitism. annexin a1 (anxa1) is a protein involved in modulation and resolution of inflammation through multiple mechanisms. in the present study, the role of anxa1 was investigated in l. braziliensis-infected balb/c mice. anxa1 ... | 2017 | 28289158 |
| non-invasive diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis by the direct boil loop-mediated isothermal amplification method and minion™ nanopore sequencing. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is gaining attention as a public health problem. we present two cases of cl imported from syria and venezuela in japan. we diagnosed them as cl non-invasively by the direct boil loop-mediated isothermal amplification method and an innovative sequencing method using the minion™ sequencer. this report demonstrates that our procedure could be useful for the diagnosis of cl in both clinical and epidemiological settings. | 2017 | 28288843 |
| probing the efficacy of a heterologous leishmania/l. viannia braziliensis recombinant enolase as a candidate vaccine to restrict the development of l. infantum in balb/c mice. | in the present study, the leishmania braziliensis enolase protein was evaluated as a vaccine candidate against visceral leishmaniasis (vl). the dna sequence was cloned and the recombinant protein (renolase) was evaluated as a vaccine, associated with saponin, as an immune adjuvant. the protective efficacy of the renolase plus saponin combination was investigated in balb/c mice against leishmania infantum infection. the results revealed that the vaccine induced higher levels of ifn-γ, il-12, and ... | 2017 | 28288798 |
| screening of tnfα, il-10 and tlr4 single nucleotide polymorphisms in individuals with asymptomatic and chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis in colombia: a pilot study. | clinical manifestations of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) caused by leishmania (viannia) range from asymptomatic infection to self-limited, or chronic (non-healing) cutaneous lesions. given the critical role of the immune response in the clinical outcome of cl, it is plausible that functional polymorphisms in immune-related genes contribute to define the clinical manifestations of human infection. | 2017 | 28241747 |
| sand fly population dynamics and cutaneous leishmaniasis among soldiers in an atlantic forest remnant in northeastern brazil. | outbreaks of cutaneous leishmaniasis are relatively common among soldiers involved in nocturnal activities in tropical forests. we investigated the population dynamics of sand flies in a military training camp located in a remnant of atlantic rainforest in northeastern brazil, where outbreaks of cutaneous leishmaniasis have sporadically been described. from july 2012 to july 2014, light traps were monthly placed in 10 collection sites, being nine sites located near the forest edge and one near a ... | 2017 | 28241005 |
| american cutaneous leishmaniasis: in situ immune response of patients with recent and late lesions. | tnf-α, ifn-γ, il-10, il-17, cd68, and cd57 were evaluated in biopsies of patients with american cutaneous leishmaniasis living in sorocaba, brazil. the analyses were performed considering the time of lesions from 23 patients with recent lesions (group i) and 19 patients with late lesions (group ii). all patients were infected with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. immunostaining cells for cd68, cd57, tnf- α, ifn-γ, il-10, and il-17 were performed by immunohistochemistry. except for cd68 and il- ... | 2017 | 28239875 |
| immunopathological characterization of human cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions caused by leishmania (viannia) spp. in amazonian brazil. | american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) is a chronic infectious disease caused by different protozoan species of leishmania, and it is endemic in both tropical and subtropical countries. using immunohistochemistry, we investigate the density of cd68(+), lysozyme(+), cd1a(+), factor xiiia(+), cd4(+), cd8(+), cd56(+), interferon (ifn)-γ(+), and inducible no synthase (inos(+)) cells. these cells were analyzed from 22 biopsy samples obtained from the lesions of acl patients, whose infection was cause ... | 2017 | 28224222 |
| the evolutionary loss of rnai key determinants in kinetoplastids as a multiple sporadic phenomenon. | we screened the genomes of a broad panel of kinetoplastid protists for genes encoding proteins associated with the rna interference (rnai) system using probes from the argonaute (ago1), dicer1 (dcl1), and dicer2 (dcl2) genes of leishmania brasiliensis and crithidia fasciculata. we identified homologs for all the three of these genes in the genomes of a subset of these organisms. however, several of these organisms lacked evidence for any of these genes, while others lacked only dcl2. the open re ... | 2017 | 28210761 |
| achievement of constitutive fluorescent plexsy-egfp leishmania braziliensis and its application as an alternative method for drug screening in vitro. | gene reporter-fluorescent cells have emerged as alternative method for drug screening. | 2017 | 28177050 |
| is leishmania (viannia) braziliensis parasite load associated with disease pathogenesis? | leishmania (viannia) braziliensis is the main etiological agent of tegumentary leishmaniasis in the americas. parasite molecular diversity and host immune status contribute to extensive variations in its clinical presentation within endemic areas of brazil. pentavalent antimonials have been used for more than 60 years as the first-line drug for all cases, despite the potential for severe side effects and refractoriness. in rio de janeiro, brazil, most l. (v.) braziliensis infections are benign w ... | 2017 | 28167253 |
| evaluation of a hypothetical protein for serodiagnosis and as a potential marker for post-treatment serological evaluation of tegumentary leishmaniasis patients. | the serodiagnosis for tegumentary leishmaniasis (tl) presents problems related to the sensitivity and/or specificity of the tests. in the present study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) technique was used to evaluate the performance from a leishmania braziliensis hypothetical protein, lbhym, in an attempt to compare its serological reactivity with a soluble leishmania antigenic preparation (sla) for the serodiagnosis of cutaneous (cl) and mucosal (ml) leishmaniasis. lbhym was predict ... | 2017 | 28150041 |
| the paraguayan rhinella toad venom: implications in the traditional medicine and proliferation of breast cancer cells. | toads belonging to genus rhinella are used in paraguayan traditional medicine to treat cancer and skin infections. | 2017 | 28131913 |
| design, synthesis, structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action studies of a series of 4-chloro-1-phthalazinyl hydrazones as a potent agent against leishmania braziliensis. | with the aim to identify a potential drug candidate to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis, a series of 1-phthalazinyl hydrazones were synthesized and tested against leishmania braziliensis parasite, one of the main responsible of this disease in the world. a structure-activity relationship permitted to identify two phthalazines containing nitroheterocyclic moiety 3l and 3m as promising new lead compounds. these compounds showed a significant antileishmanial activity against promastigote form of l. br ... | 2017 | 28119201 |
| analysis of expression of fli1 and mmp1 in american cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania braziliensis infection. | fli1 (friend leukemia virus integration 1) and il6 (interleukin 6; il-6) are associated with leishmania braziliensis susceptibility. cutaneous lesions show exaggerated matrix metalloproteinase 1 (mmp1). in other skin diseases, fli1 promoter methylation reduces fli1 expression, and low fli1 down-regulates mmp1. il-6 increases fli1 expression. we hypothesized that epigenetic regulation of fli1 in cutaneous leishmaniasis, together with il-6, might determine mmp1 expression. while generally low (<10 ... | 2017 | 28119029 |
| characterization of the histopathologic features in patients in the early and late phases of cutaneous leishmaniasis. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl), characterized by an ulcerated lesion, is the most common clinical form of human leishmaniasis. before the ulcer develops, patients infected with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis develop a small papule at the site of the sandfly bite, referred to as early cutaneous leishmaniasis (e-cl). two to four weeks later the typical ulcer develops, which is considered here as late cl (l-cl). although there is a great deal known about t-cell responses in patients with l-cl, the ... | 2017 | 28115669 |
| insights on the structural dynamics of leishmania braziliensis hsp90 molecular chaperone by small angle x-ray scattering. | heat shock protein of 90kda (hsp90) is an essential molecular chaperone involved in a plethora of cellular activities which modulate protein homeostasis. during the hsp90 mechanochemical cycle, it undergoes large conformational changes, oscillating between open and closed states. although structural and conformational equilibria of prokaryotic and some eukaryotic hsp90s are known, some protozoa hsp90 structures and dynamics are poorly understood. in this study, we report the solution structure a ... | 2017 | 28104372 |
| antiviral screening identifies adenosine analogs targeting the endogenous dsrna leishmania rna virus 1 (lrv1) pathogenicity factor. | the endogenous double-stranded rna (dsrna) virus leishmaniavirus (lrv1) has been implicated as a pathogenicity factor for leishmaniasis in rodent models and human disease, and associated with drug-treatment failures in leishmania braziliensis and leishmania guyanensis infections. thus, methods targeting lrv1 could have therapeutic benefit. here we screened a panel of antivirals for parasite and lrv1 inhibition, focusing on nucleoside analogs to capitalize on the highly active salvage pathways of ... | 2017 | 28096399 |
| aspects on the ecology of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) from guaraí, state of tocantins, brazil, endemic area for american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | in brazil, american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) ecology involves a diversity of leishmania species transmitted by different sand fly species. workers involved in agricultural activities are those mainly affected by acl in some regions from tocantins state (to), brazil, where the disease can be established in new settlements. the objective of this study was to examine the seasonal and hourly frequency of sand fly species, focusing on the potential vectors of acl, in a settlement in guaraí (to), ... | 2017 | 28082651 |
| molecular detection of leishmania dna in wild-caught phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) from a cave in the state of minas gerais, brazil. | leishmania spp. are distributed throughout the world, and different species are associated with varying degrees of disease severity. in brazil, leishmania transmission involves several species of phlebotomine sand flies that are closely associated with different parasites and reservoirs, and thereby giving rise to different transmission cycles. infection occurs during the bloodmeals of sand flies obtained from a variety of wild and domestic animals, and sometimes from humans. the present study f ... | 2017 | 28082647 |
| nycthemeral rhythm of phlebotominae (diptera: psychodidae) in a craggy region, transitioning between the wetland and the plateau, brazil. | recording the nycthemeral rhythm of sand flies allows the evaluation of the daily activity in different ecotypes, the period of greatest activity, and their degree of anthropophily. we investigated the fauna and the rhythm of sand fly activity in an ecotourism region in mato grosso do sul (ms) state, brazil. sand flies were captured monthly, using a shannon trap for 24 h periods between july 2012 and june 2014. we collected 1,815 sand flies, in which lutzomyia whitmani (=nyssomyia whitmani, sens ... | 2017 | 28082638 |
| phenotypic and functional characteristics of hla-dr(+) neutrophils in brazilians with cutaneous leishmaniasis. | the protozoan leishmania braziliensis causes cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in endemic regions. in murine models, neutrophils (pmns) are recruited to the site of infection soon after parasite inoculation. however, the roles of neutrophils during chronic infection and in human disease remain undefined. we hypothesized that neutrophils help maintain a systemic inflammatory state in subjects with cl. lesion biopsies from all patients with cl tested contained neutrophils expressing hla-dr, a molecule ... | 2017 | 28076241 |
| susceptibility to miltefosine in brazilian clinical isolates of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | leishmania (viannia) braziliensis is the main causative species of tegumentary leishmaniasis in brazil. in this study, we evaluated the susceptibility of 16 clinical isolates of l. (v.) braziliensis from different regions of brazil to miltefosine in vitro. half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of miltefosine varied from 22.9 to 144.2 μm against promastigotes and from 0.3 to 4.2 μm against intracellular amastigotes. no significant differences were found between isolates of different geographical ... | 2017 | 28070006 |
| local delivery of the toll-like receptor 9 ligand cpg downregulates host immune and inflammatory responses, ameliorating established leishmania (viannia) panamensis chronic infection. | infection by leishmania (viannia) panamensis, the predominant etiologic agent for cutaneous leishmaniasis in colombia, is characterized by a chronic mixed inflammatory response. current treatment options are plagued by toxicity, lengthy treatment regimens, and growing evidence of drug resistance. immunotherapy, modulating the immune system to mount a protective response, may provide an alternate therapeutic approach. we investigated the ability of the toll-like receptor 9 (tlr9) ligand cpg to mo ... | 2017 | 28052994 |
| involvement of nucleoside diphosphate kinase b and elongation factor 2 in leishmania braziliensis antimony resistance phenotype. | nucleoside diphosphate kinase b (ndkb) is responsible for nucleoside triphosphates synthesis and it has key role in the purine metabolism in trypanosomatid protozoans. elongation factor 2 (ef2) is an important factor for protein synthesis. recently, our phosphoproteomic analysis demonstrated that ndkb and ef2 proteins were phosphorylated and dephosphorylated in antimony (sb(iii))-resistant l. braziliensis line compared to its sb(iii)-susceptible pair, respectively. | 2016 | 27964761 |
| pharmacokinetics of miltefosine in children and adults with cutaneous leishmaniasis. | an open-label pharmacokinetics (pk) clinical trial was conducted to comparatively assess the pk and explore the pharmacodynamics (pd) of miltefosine in children and adults with cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in colombia. sixty patients, 30 children aged 2 to 12 years and 30 adults aged 18 to 60 years, were enrolled. participants received miltefosine (impavido) at a nominal dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day for 28 days. miltefosine concentrations were measured in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells b ... | 2017 | 27956421 |
| field validation of sybr green- and taqman-based real-time pcr using biopsy and swab samples to diagnose american tegumentary leishmaniasis in an area where leishmania (viannia) braziliensis is endemic. | the precise diagnosis of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) is an essential task due to the disease's associated morbidity. a noninvasive, extremely sensitive, and highly specific exam is critical, particularly for mucosal leishmaniasis (ml), in which a low parasite quantity is expected. we aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of swab and biopsy sample analysis using sybr green- and taqman-based real-time pcr (qpcr) assays with that of a composite reference standard consisting of the m ... | 2017 | 27927916 |
| increasing in cysteine proteinase b expression and enzymatic activity during in vitro differentiation of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis: first evidence of modulation during morphological transition. | leishmania (viannia) braziliensis presents adaptive protease-dependent mechanisms, as cysteine proteinases b (cpb). this study investigates the expression of three cpb gene isoforms and cpb enzymatic activity during the parasite differentiation. relative expression levels of lbrm.08.0810 gene were assessed, exhibiting a higher quantity of transcripts in the logarithmic promastigotes phase than in the stationary promastigotes phase (>1.5 times). the cbp gene tends to decrease during acid ph shock ... | 2017 | 27919786 |
| atypical manifestations of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a region endemic for leishmania braziliensis: clinical, immunological and parasitological aspects. | atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) has become progressively more frequent in corte de pedra, northeast brazil. herein we characterize clinical presentation, antimony response, cytokine production and parasite strains prevailing in acl. | 2016 | 27906988 |
| 5-ala-mediated photodynamic therapy reduces the parasite load in mice infected with leishmania braziliensis. | photodynamic therapy (pdt) has proven to be an effective alternative for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. skin lesions consist of ulcers with well-defined raised edges, and granular floor. th1 immune response is the protective profile in patients infected with leishmania. in this study, the photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid, the parasitic load, and the modulation of the immune response was evaluated in mice infected with leishmania braziliensis. balb/c mice were infected w ... | 2017 | 27886396 |
| gene expression profile of high ifn-γ producers stimulated with leishmania braziliensis identifies genes associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis. | the initial response to leishmania parasites is essential in determining disease development or resistance. in vitro, a divergent response to leishmania, characterized by high or low ifn-γ production has been described as a potential tool to predict both vaccine response and disease susceptibility in vivo. | 2016 | 27870860 |
| genomic and phylogenetic evidence of viper retrotransposon domestication in trypanosomatids. | transposable elements are important residents of eukaryotic genomes and eventually the host can domesticate them to serve cellular functions. we reported here a possible domestication event of the vestigial interposed retroelement (viper) in trypanosomatids. we found a large gene in a syntenic location in leishmania braziliensis, l. panamensis, leptomanas pyrrhocoris, and crithidia fasciculata whose products share similarity in the c-terminal portion with the third protein of viper. no remnants ... | 2016 | 27849219 |
| structural and functional studies of the leishmania braziliensis mitochondrial hsp70: similarities and dissimilarities to human orthologues. | heat shock protein 70 kda (hsp70) is a conserved molecular chaperone family involved in several functions related to protein homeostasis. in eukaryotes, hsp70 homologues are found in all cell compartments. the mitochondrial hsp70 isoform (mthsp70) is involved in import of mitochondrial matrix proteins as well as their folding and maturation. moreover, mthsp70 has the propensity to self-aggregate, and it depends on the action of the co-chaperone hsp70-escort protein 1 (hep1) to be produced functi ... | 2017 | 27840097 |
| fluconazole in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania braziliensis: a randomized controlled trial. | the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) caused by leishmania braziliensis in brazil with pentavalent antimony (sb(v)) is associated with a high rate of failure, up to 45% of cases. in addition, sb(v) can only administered parenterally and has important toxic effect. an effective, safe, and oral treatment for cl is required. | 2017 | 27803094 |
| sclerosing orbital inflammation caused by leishmania braziliensis. | orbital biopsy of nonspecific orbital inflammation, commonly referred to as "orbital pseudotumor," typically shows a combination of polyclonal lymphocytes, plasmocytes, leukocytes, macrophages, and variable degrees of collagen deposition. herein, we report a patient with a positive history of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis who presented with an orbital mass with a histological profile of idiopathic orbital inflammation. immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of the orbital specimens demonstrate ... | 2017 | 27799649 |
| tilting the balance between rna interference and replication eradicates leishmania rna virus 1 and mitigates the inflammatory response. | many leishmania (viannia) parasites harbor the double-stranded rna virus leishmania rna virus 1 (lrv1), which has been associated with increased disease severity in animal models and humans and with drug treatment failures in humans. remarkably, lrv1 survives in the presence of an active rnai pathway, which in many organisms controls rna viruses. we found significant levels (0.4 to 2.5%) of small rnas derived from lrv1 in both leishmania braziliensis and leishmania guyanensis, mapping across bot ... | 2016 | 27790981 |
| effective anti-leishmanial activity of minimalist squaramide-based compounds. | in order to evaluate the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of n,n'-squaramides derivatives, compounds that feature both hydrogen bond donor and acceptor groups and are capable of multiple interactions with complementary sites, against leishmania infantum, leishmania braziliensis and leishmania donovani a series of 18compounds was prepared and assayed on extracellular and intracellular parasite forms. infectivity and cytotoxicity tests were performed on j774.2 macrophage cells using meglumine anti ... | 2016 | 27480054 |
| galleria mellonella hemocytes: a novel phagocytic assay for leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | galleria mellonella is an excellent invertebrate model for the study of diseases that involve interactions with cells from the innate immune system, since they have an innate immune system capable of recognizing the pathogens. here we present for the first time, an alternative model for an in vitro phagocytic assay using hemocytes of g. mellonella larvae to study infection by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. we showed that the insect phagocytic cells were able to engulf promastigotes. furtherm ... | 2016 | 27713019 |
| brazilian propolis promotes immunomodulation on human cells from american tegumentar leishmaniasis patients and healthy donors infected with l. braziliensis. | american tegumentar leishmaniasis (atl) is an infectious disease caused by leishmania parasites with ineffective treatment. the properties of propolis have been studied in different experimental studies, however, few works have investigated the effects of propolis on human-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) in leishmaniasis models. thus, we investigate the immunomodulatory effects of propolis treatment on pbmc from atl patients and on pbmc from healthy donors infected with leishma ... | 2017 | 27702443 |
| leishmania spp. in didelphis spp. from northeastern brazil. | the synanthropic behavior of marsupials of the genus didelphis in endemic areas of leishmaniasis suggests that these animals may play an important role in the epidemiology of this infection. the aim of the present study was to detect leishmania spp. dna in didelphis albiventris (white-eared opossum) and didelphis aurita (big-eared opossum) living in forested and peridomestic areas of northeastern brazil. blood samples were collected from 25 animals (23 d. albiventris and 2 d. aurita ) by cardiac ... | 2016 | 27691942 |
| nycthemeral rhythm of phlebotominae (diptera: psychodidae) in a craggy region, transitioning between the wetland and the plateau, brazil. | recording the nycthemeral rhythm of sand flies allows the evaluation of the daily activity in different ecotypes, the period of greatest activity, and their degree of anthropophily. we investigated the fauna and the rhythm of sand fly activity in an ecotourism region in mato grosso do sul (ms) state, brazil. sand flies were captured monthly, using a shannon trap for 24 h periods between july 2012 and june 2014. we collected 1,815 sand flies, in which lutzomyia whitmani (=nyssomyia whitmani, sens ... | 2016 | 27688269 |
| the gp63 gene cluster is highly polymorphic in natural leishmania (viannia) braziliensis populations, but functional sites are conserved. | gp63 or leishmanolysin is the major surface protease of leishmania spp. involved in parasite virulence and host cell interaction. as such, gp63 is a potential target of eventual vaccines against these protozoa. in the current study we evaluate the polymorphism of gp63 in leishmania (viannia) braziliensis isolated from two sets of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) cases from corte de pedra, brazil, including 35 cases diagnosed between 1994 and 2001 and 6 cases diagnosed between 2008 and 20 ... | 2016 | 27648939 |
| immunomodulatory nanoparticles ameliorate disease in the leishmania (viannia) panamensis mouse model. | leishmania (viannia) panamensis (l. (v.) panamensis) is a species of protozoan parasites that causes new world leishmaniasis, which is characterized by a hyper-inflammatory response. current treatment strategies, mainly chemotherapeutic, are suboptimal due to adverse effects, long treatment regimens, and increasing drug resistance. recently, immunotherapeutic approaches have shown promise in preclinical studies of leishmaniasis. as nps may enable broad cellular immunomodulation through internali ... | 2016 | 27636154 |
| meta-transcriptome profiling of the human-leishmania braziliensis cutaneous lesion. | host and parasite gene expression in skin biopsies from leishmania braziliensis-infected patients were simultaneously analyzed using high throughput rna-sequencing. biopsies were taken from 8 patients with early cutaneous leishmaniasis and 17 patients with late cutaneous leishmaniasis. although parasite dna was found in all patient lesions at the time of biopsy, the patients could be stratified into two groups: one lacking detectable parasite transcripts (ptneg) in lesions, and another in which ... | 2016 | 27631090 |
| combination of in silico methods in the search for potential cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cell epitopes in the proteome of leishmania braziliensis. | the leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases widespread throughout the globe, which are caused by protozoans from the genus leishmania and are transmitted by infected phlebotomine flies. the development of a safe and effective vaccine against these diseases has been seen as the best alternative to control and reduce the number of cases. to support vaccine development, this work has applied an in silico approach to search for high potential peptide epitopes able to bind to different major hi ... | 2016 | 27621732 |
| aspects on the ecology of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) from guaraí, state of tocantins, brazil, endemic area for american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | in brazil, american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) ecology involves a diversity of leishmania species transmitted by different sand fly species. workers involved in agricultural activities are those mainly affected by acl in some regions from tocantins state (to), brazil, where the disease can be established in new settlements. the objective of this study was to examine the seasonal and hourly frequency of sand fly species, focusing on the potential vectors of acl, in a settlement in guaraí (to), ... | 2016 | 27590233 |
| molecular detection of leishmania dna in wild-caught phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) from a cave in the state of minas gerais, brazil. | leishmania spp. are distributed throughout the world, and different species are associated with varying degrees of disease severity. in brazil, leishmania transmission involves several species of phlebotomine sand flies that are closely associated with different parasites and reservoirs, and thereby giving rise to different transmission cycles. infection occurs during the bloodmeals of sand flies obtained from a variety of wild and domestic animals, and sometimes from humans. the present study f ... | 2016 | 27590232 |
| leishmania-fast15: a rapid, sensitive and low-cost real-time pcr assay for the detection of leishmania infantum and leishmania braziliensis kinetoplast dna in canine blood samples. | we describe an improved real-time pcr assay (designated as "leishmania-fast15") for the detection and quantification of leishmania infantum and leishmania braziliensis kinetoplast dna minicircles in canine blood samples. the analytical sensitivity of this technique is 0.1 fg of dna, which is equivalent to 0.002 parasite per reaction. this assay uses a small reaction volume (15 μl) and is rapid to perform, with the results being available in less than 34 min. this improved assay might also be sui ... | 2017 | 27554834 |
| low frequency of lrv1 in leishmania braziliensis strains isolated from typical and atypical lesions in the state of minas gerais, brazil. | the double stranded rna (dsrna) virus leishmaniavirus (totiviridae) was first described in leishmania guyanensis and l. braziliensis (lrv1), and more recently from l. major and l. aethiopica (lrv2). parasites bearing lrv1 elicit a higher pro-inflammatory profile, arising through activation of toll like receptor 3(tlr3) interacting with the viral dsrna. lrv1 is most common in leishmania from the amazon region; however data for other regions of brazil are more limited. here we applied pcr tests wi ... | 2017 | 27546549 |
| geographic distribution of leishmania species in ecuador based on the cytochrome b gene sequence analysis. | a countrywide epidemiological study was performed to elucidate the current geographic distribution of causative species of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in ecuador by using fta card-spotted samples and smear slides as dna sources. putative leishmania in 165 samples collected from patients with cl in 16 provinces of ecuador were examined at the species level based on the cytochrome b gene sequence analysis. of these, 125 samples were successfully identified as leishmania (viannia) guyanensis, l. ( ... | 2016 | 27410039 |
| a vaccine combining two leishmania braziliensis proteins offers heterologous protection against leishmania infantum infection. | in the present study, two leishmania braziliensis proteins, one hypothetical and the eukaryotic initiation factor 5a (eif5a), were cloned and used as a polyproteins vaccine for the heterologous protection of balb/c mice against infantum infection. animals were immunized with the antigens separately or in association, and in both cases saponin was used as an adjuvant. in the results, spleen cells from mice inoculated with the individual or polyproteins vaccine and lately challenged produced signi ... | 2016 | 27387277 |
| development of real-time pcr assays for evaluation of immune response and parasite load in golden hamster (mesocricetus auratus) infected by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is a neglected disease with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from small cutaneous nodules to severe mucosal tissue destruction. leishmania (viannia) braziliensis is the main species attributed to cl in the americas. however, studies of experimental infection are limited in the murine model due to the self-resolutive pattern of the disease. previously, our group demonstrated that the hamster model reproduces many of the clinical and histopathologic ... | 2016 | 27350537 |
| anthropophily of lutzomyia wellcomei (diptera: psychodidae) in an atlantic forest conservation unit in northeast brazil. | lutzomyia wellcomei (fraiha, shaw & lainson) (diptera: psychodidae) can act as an important vector of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis this study presents the results of collections carried out in a fragment of atlantic forest in a conservation unit of rio grande do norte state. collections occurred over 12 consecutive months using shannon and cdc traps. a total of 777 sand flies from eight species were collected: lutzomyia walkeri (newstead), lutzomyia evandroi (costa lima & antunes), lutzomyi ... | 2016 | 27330100 |
| a telomeric cluster of antimony resistance genes on chromosome 34 of leishmania infantum. | the mechanisms underlying the drug resistance of leishmania spp. are manifold and not completely identified. apart from the highly conserved multidrug resistance gene family known from higher eukaryotes, leishmania spp. also possess genus-specific resistance marker genes. one of them, arm58, was first identified in leishmania braziliensis using a functional cloning approach, and its domain structure was characterized in l. infantum here we report that l. infantum arm58 is part of a gene cluster ... | 2016 | 27324767 |
| insulin-like growth factor-i serum levels and their biological effects on leishmania isolates from different clinical forms of american tegumentary leishmaniasis. | american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) in brazil is mostly caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, with known forms of the disease being cutaneous (cl), mucosal (ml) and disseminated (dl) leishmaniasis. the development of the lesion in atl is related both to the persistence of the leishmania in the skin and to the parasite-triggered immune and inflammatory responses that ensue lesions. in this context one factor with expected role in the pathogenesis is insulin-like growth factor (igf)-i ... | 2016 | 27286813 |
| clinical and parasitological features of patients with american cutaneous leishmaniasis that did not respond to treatment with meglumine antimoniate. | american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) is a complicated disease producing about 67.000 new cases per year. the severity of the disease depends on the parasite species; however in the vast majority of cases species confirmation is not feasible. who suggestion for acl produced by leishmania braziliensis, as first line treatment, are pentavalent antimonial derivatives (glucantime or sodium stibogluconate) under systemic administration. according to different authors, pentavalent antimonial derivati ... | 2016 | 27243811 |
| first human cases of leishmania (viannia) lainsoni infection and a search for the vector sand flies in ecuador. | an epidemiological study of leishmaniasis was performed in amazonian areas of ecuador since little information on the prevalent leishmania and sand fly species responsible for the transmission is available. of 33 clinical specimens from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl), causative parasites were identified in 25 samples based on cytochrome b gene analysis. as reported previously, leishmania (viannia) guyanensis and l. (v.) braziliensis were among the causative agents identified. in addi ... | 2016 | 27191391 |
| immunologic markers of protection in leishmania (viannia) braziliensis infection: a 5-year cohort study. | the control of leishmania braziliensis by individuals with subclinical infection (sc) are unknown. | 2016 | 27190181 |
| in vitro characterization of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis isolates from patients with different responses to glucantime(®) treatment from northwest paraná, brazil. | leishmaniasis is a group of diseases that presents various clinical manifestations. many studies have shown that the parasite plays an important role in the clinical manifestations and prognosis of this disease. the cutaneous and mucosal forms of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) are associated with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, which exhibits intraspecific genetic polymorphisms and various clinical manifestations. the present study focused on four different l. braziliensis strains t ... | 2016 | 27181585 |
| characterization of neutrophil function in human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania braziliensis. | infection with different leishmania spp. protozoa can lead to a variety of clinical syndromes associated in many cases with inflammatory responses in the skin. although macrophages harbor the majority of parasites throughout chronic infection, neutrophils are the first inflammatory cells to migrate to the site of infection. whether neutrophils promote parasite clearance or exacerbate disease in murine models varies depending on the susceptible or resistant status of the host. based on the hypoth ... | 2016 | 27167379 |
| silver and nitrate oppositely modulate antimony susceptibility through aquaglyceroporin 1 in leishmania (viannia) species. | antimony (sb) resistance in leishmaniasis chemotherapy has become one of the major challenges to the control of this spreading worldwide public health problem. since the plasma membrane pore-forming protein aquaglyceroporin 1 (aqp1) is the major route of sb uptake in leishmania, functional studies are relevant to characterize drug transport pathways in the parasite. we generated aqp1-overexpressing leishmania guyanensis and l. braziliensis mutants and investigated their susceptibility to the tri ... | 2016 | 27161624 |
| chlorin e6 phototoxicity in l. major and l. braziliensis promastigotes-in vitro study. | cutaneous leishmaniasis is a zoonosis caused by protozoa of the genus leishmania. conventional treatments are long and aggressive, and they trigger a diversity of side effects. photodynamic therapy was originally proposed as a treatment for cancer, and it now appears to be a promising therapy for local treatment with fewer side effects of infectious diseases. | 2016 | 27156802 |
| a luciferase-expressing leishmania braziliensis line that leads to sustained skin lesions in balb/c mice and allows monitoring of miltefosine treatment outcome. | leishmania braziliensis is the most prevalent species isolated from patients displaying cutaneous and muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis in south america. however, there are difficulties for studying l. braziliensis pathogenesis or response to chemotherapy in vivo due to the natural resistance of most mouse strains to infection with these parasites. the aim of this work was to develop an experimental set up that could be used to assess drug efficacy against l. braziliensis. the model was tested using ... | 2016 | 27144739 |
| evaluation of different diagnostic methods of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in the brazilian amazon. | epidemiological studies have been conducted to better understand the dynamics of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) in the amazon region where distinct species of leishmania circulate. in endemic areas, the optimal diagnosis must be made in the earlier clinical presentation to avoid the complications of chronic disease. the scarcity of financial support, laboratory infrastructure and trained persons are the major obstacles in this reality. this paper describes the result of performing differ ... | 2016 | 27119738 |
| an innovative field-applicable molecular test to diagnose cutaneous leishmania viannia spp. infections. | cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis is widely distributed in central and south america. leishmania of the viannia subgenus are the most frequent species infecting humans. l. (v.) braziliensis, l. (v.) panamensis are also responsible for metastatic mucosal leishmaniasis. conventional or real time pcr is a more sensitive diagnostic test than microscopy, but the cost and requirement for infrastructure and trained personnel makes it impractical in most endemic regions. primary health systems need a ... | 2016 | 27115155 |
| low sequence identity but high structural and functional conservation: the case of hsp70/hsp90 organizing protein (hop/sti1) of leishmania braziliensis. | parasites belonging to the genus leishmania are subjected to extensive environmental changes during their life cycle; molecular chaperones/co-chaperones act as protagonists in this scenario to maintain cellular homeostasis. hop/sti1 is a co-chaperone that connects the hsp90 and hsp70 systems, modulating their atpase activities and affecting the fate of client proteins because it facilitates their transfer from the hsp70 to the hsp90 chaperone. hop/sti1 is one of the most prevalent co-chaperones, ... | 2016 | 27103305 |
| phenolic composition and antiparasitic activity of plants from the brazilian northeast "cerrado". | this work describes the antiparasitic and cytotoxic activities of three plant species from the cerrado biome, northeastern brazil. significant antiparasitic inhibition was observed against trypanosoma cruzi (63.86%), leishmania brasiliensis (92.20%) and leishmania infantum (95.23%) when using ethanol extract from leaves of guazuma ulmifolia lam. (malvaceae), at a concentration of 500 μg/ml. however, low levels of inhibition were observed when assessing leishmanicidal and trypanocidal (clone cl-b ... | 2016 | 27081371 |
| leishmania (viannia) braziliensis amastigotes from patients with mucosal leishmaniasis have increased ability to disseminate and are controlled by nitric oxide at the early stage of murine infection. | mucosal leishmaniasis (ml) caused by leishmania (vianna) braziliensis usually appears after the healing of the primary lesion when amastigotes disseminate from the infection site to the mucosal area. here, we investigated murine infection with amastigotes obtained from patients with ml or localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl). amastigotes were used to infect wild type, ifn-γ ko and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) ko mice. amastigotes from patients with lcl induced lesions that appeared ... | 2016 | 27073255 |
| in vitro evaluation of photodynamic therapy using curcumin on leishmania major and leishmania braziliensis. | cutaneous leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by the leishmania protozoan. the conventional treatment is long-lasting and aggressive, in addition to causing harmful effect. photodynamic therapy has emerged as a promising alternative treatment, which allows local administration with fewer side effects. this study investigated the photodynamic activity of curcumin on leishmania major and leishmania braziliensis promastigote. both species were submitted to incubation with curcumin in seri ... | 2016 | 27056699 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) panamensis in 2 travelers. | | 2016 | 27051841 |
| american cutaneous leishmaniasis with unusual clinical presentation and response to treatment. | the clinical manifestations and prognosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) can be influenced by the immune response of the patient and the species of the parasite. a case of atypical clinical presentation of cl, with development of non-characteristic lesions, poor response to therapy, and a long time to resolution is reported. confirmatory laboratory tests included parasite detection, indirect immunofluorescence, montenegro skin test, polymerase chain reaction, and parasite identification by mult ... | 2016 | 27007563 |