| lr67/yr46 confers adult plant resistance to stem rust and powdery mildew in wheat. | we demonstrate that lr67/yr46 has pleiotropic effect on stem rust and powdery mildew resistance and is associated with leaf tip necrosis. genes are designated as sr55, pm46 and ltn3 , respectively. wheat (triticum aestivum) accession rl6077, known to carry the pleiotropic slow rusting leaf and yellow rust resistance genes lr67/yr46 in thatcher background, displayed significantly lower stem rust (p. graminis tritici; pgt) and powdery mildew (blumeria graminis tritici; bgt) severities in kenya and ... | 2014 | 24408377 |
| mechanisms involved in mycorrhizal wheat protection against powdery mildew. | in france, the ecophyto 2018 national action plan will set out to reduce the use of pesticides by 50% by 2018, if possible. to achieve this goal, the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi could be a potential alternative method allowing the control of crop diseases. the inoculation by am fungi has been demonstrated to protect plants against soil-borne pathogens, but little is known about their effectiveness against aerial pathogens, such as the biotrophic fungus blumeria graminis f.sp. tritic ... | 2014 | 26080475 |
| rye pm8 and wheat pm3 are orthologous genes and show evolutionary conservation of resistance function against powdery mildew. | the improvement of wheat through breeding has relied strongly on the use of genetic material from related wild and domesticated grass species. the 1rs chromosome arm from rye was introgressed into wheat and crossed into many wheat lines, as it improves yield and fungal disease resistance. pm8 is a powdery mildew resistance gene on 1rs which, after widespread agricultural cultivation, is now widely overcome by adapted mildew races. here we show by homology-based cloning and subsequent physical an ... | 2013 | 24124925 |
| genetic analysis and detection of the gene mllx99 on chromosome 2bl conferring resistance to powdery mildew in the wheat cultivar liangxing 99. | the effectiveness of wheat cultivar liangxing 99 against powdery mildew was shown to be controlled by a single dominant gene located on a new locus of chromosome 2bl in the bin 2bl2-0.35-0.50. liangxing 99, one of the most widely grown commercial cultivars in the winter wheat (triticum aestivum) producing regions in northern china, was shown to provide a broad spectrum of resistance to blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt) isolates originating from that region. using an f2 population and f2:3 l ... | 2013 | 24061485 |
| lipid metabolism is differentially modulated by salicylic acid and heptanoyl salicylic acid during the induction of resistance in wheat against powdery mildew. | heptanoyl salicylic acid (hsa) is a salicylic acid (sa) derivative obtained by esterification of 2-oh benzoic acid with heptanoic acid. in wheat, the protection levels obtained against blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt) increased from 50% with sa to 95% with hsa. using molecular, biochemical and cytological approaches, we investigated here how wheat lipid metabolism is differentially activated by sa and hsa in both infectious and non-infectious conditions, and how bgt infectious process is a ... | 2013 | 23880093 |
| the wheat powdery mildew genome shows the unique evolution of an obligate biotroph. | wheat powdery mildew, blumeria graminis forma specialis tritici, is a devastating fungal pathogen with a poorly understood evolutionary history. here we report the draft genome sequence of wheat powdery mildew, the resequencing of three additional isolates from different geographic regions and comparative analyses with the barley powdery mildew genome. our comparative genomic analyses identified 602 candidate effector genes, with many showing evidence of positive selection. we characterize patte ... | 2013 | 23852167 |
| molecular cytogenetic characterization of a new wheat-rye 4r chromosome translocation line resistant to powdery mildew. | rye is an important and valuable gene resource for wheat improvement. however, due to extensive growing of cultivars with disease resistance genes from short arm of rye chromosome 1r and coevolution of pathogen virulence and host resistance, these cultivars successively lost resistance to pathogens. identification and deployment of new resistance gene sources in rye are, therefore, of especial importance and urgency. a new wheat-rye line, designated as wr41-1, was produced through distant hybrid ... | 2013 | 23836161 |
| the gene sr33, an ortholog of barley mla genes, encodes resistance to wheat stem rust race ug99. | wheat stem rust, caused by the fungus puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, afflicts bread wheat (triticum aestivum). new virulent races collectively referred to as "ug99" have emerged, which threaten global wheat production. the wheat gene sr33, introgressed from the wild relative aegilops tauschii into bread wheat, confers resistance to diverse stem rust races, including the ug99 race group. we cloned sr33, which encodes a coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat protein. sr33 is ortho ... | 2013 | 23811228 |
| identification of the gene pm47 on chromosome 7bs conferring resistance to powdery mildew in the chinese wheat landrace hongyanglazi. | powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt), is an important disease that causes substantial yield losses in wheat (triticum aestivum) in china and other parts of the world. this foliar disease can be effectively managed by host resistance. the chinese landrace hongyanglazi from shaanxi province is highly resistant to many bgt isolates at the seedling stage. genetic analysis using an f2:3 population derived from a cross between hongyanglazi and susceptible cultivar zhongzuo ... | 2013 | 23429903 |
| pmx: a recessive powdery mildew resistance gene at the pm4 locus identified in wheat landrace xiaohongpi. | powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt), is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of wheat and imposes a constant challenge on wheat breeders. xiaohongpi, a chinese landrace of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), shows resistance to powdery mildew during the entire growth stage in the field and under controlled conditions. the f1 plants from cross of the powdery mildew susceptible cultivar yangmai158 with xiaohongpi were susceptible to isolate bgt19, the locally most pre ... | 2013 | 23400828 |
| lipids as markers of induced resistance in wheat: a biochemical and molecular approach. | our work aimed at a global investigation of the lipid metabolism during the induction of resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum) against powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici). more specifically, the effect of salicylic acid, known as playing a key role in the activation of defence reactions against pathogens in plants, has been investigated. after salicylic acid infiltration, accumulation of phosphatidic acid was observed that could be due to the phospholipase c pathway since an up-re ... | 2013 | 25151821 |
| molecular mapping of a powdery mildew resistance gene in common wheat landrace baihulu and its allelism with pm24. | powdery mildew is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat in areas with cool and maritime climates. chinese wheat landrace baihulu confers a high level of resistance against a wide range of blumeria graminis dc f. sp. tritici (bgt) races, especially those currently prevailing in shaanxi. the objectives of this study were to determine the chromosome bin location of the mlbhl gene from baihulu and its allelism with pm24. to investigate the inheritance of powdery mildew resistance and detect ... | 2012 | 22772588 |
| genetic analysis and molecular mapping of a new powdery mildew resistant gene pm46 in common wheat. | powdery mildew (pm), caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt), has become a serious disease and caused severe yield losses in the wheat production worldwide. resistance gene(s) in wheat cultivars can be quickly overcome by newly evolved pathogen races when these genes are employed for long time or in a large area. it is urgent to search for new sources of resistance to be used in wheat breeding. tabasco is a german resistant cultivar and a new source of resistance gene(s) to pm. an f(2) ... | 2012 | 22660629 |
| fine mapping, phenotypic characterization and validation of non-race-specific resistance to powdery mildew in a wheat-triticum militinae introgression line. | introgression of several genomic loci from tetraploid triticum militinae into bread wheat cv. tähti has increased resistance of introgression line 8.1 to powdery mildew in seedlings and adult plants. in our previous work, only a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) on chromosome 4al of the line 8.1 contributed significantly to resistance, whereas qtl on chromosomes 1a, 1b, 2a, 5a and 5b were detected merely on a suggestive level. to verify and characterize all qtls in the line 8.1, a mapping pop ... | 2012 | 22534789 |
| kp4 to control ustilago tritici in wheat: enhanced greenhouse resistance to loose smut and changes in transcript abundance of pathogen related genes in infected kp4 plants. | ustilago tritici causes loose smut, which is a seed-borne fungal disease of wheat, and responsible for yield losses up to 40%. loose smut is a threat to seed production in developing countries where small scale farmers use their own harvest as seed material. the killer protein 4 (kp4) is a virally encoded toxin from ustilago maydis and inhibits growth of susceptible races of fungi from the ustilaginales. enhanced resistance in kp4 wheat to stinking smut, which is caused by tilletia caries, had b ... | 2016 | 28352545 |
| insights into tan spot and stem rust resistance and susceptibility by studying the pre-green revolution global collection of wheat. | tan spot (ts), caused by the fungus pyrenophora tritici-repentis (died) drechs, is an important foliar disease of wheat and has become a threat to world wheat production since the 1970s. in this study a globally diverse pre-1940s collection of 247 wheat genotypes was evaluated against ptr toxa, p. tritici-repentis race 1, and stem rust to determine if; (i) acquisition of ptr toxa by the p. tritici-repentis from stagonospora nodorum led to increased pathogen virulence or (ii) incorporation of ts ... | 2017 | 28381959 |
| highly predictive snp markers for efficient selection of the wheat leaf rust resistance gene lr16. | lr16 is a widely deployed leaf rust resistance gene in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) that is highly effective against the north american puccinia triticina population when pyramided with the gene lr34. lr16 is a seedling leaf rust resistance gene conditioning an incompatible interaction with a distinct necrotic ring surrounding the uredinium. lr16 was previously mapped to the telomeric region of the short arm of wheat chromosome 2b. the goals of this study were to develop numerous single nucleoti ... | 2017 | 28202046 |
| the lr34 adult plant rust resistance gene provides seedling resistance in durum wheat without senescence. | the hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) adult plant resistance gene, lr34/yr18/sr57/pm38/ltn1, provides broad-spectrum resistance to wheat leaf rust (lr34), stripe rust (yr18), stem rust (sr57) and powdery mildew (pm38) pathogens, and has remained effective in wheat crops for many decades. the partial resistance provided by this gene is only apparent in adult plants and not effective in field-grown seedlings. lr34 also causes leaf tip necrosis (ltn1) in mature adult plant leaves when grown under ... | 2016 | 28005310 |
| microscopic and molecular characterization of the prehaustorial resistance against wheat leaf rust (puccinia triticina) in einkorn (triticum monococcum). | puccinia triticina f. sp. tritici (eriks.), the causal agent of leaf rust, causes substantial yield losses in wheat production. in wheat many major leaf rust resistance genes have been overcome by virulent races. in contrast, the prehaustorial resistance (phr) against wheat leaf rust detected in the diploid wheat einkorn (triticum monoccocum var. monococcum) accession pi272560 confers race-independent resistance against isolates virulent on accessions harboring resistance genes located on the a- ... | 2016 | 27881987 |
| the lr34 adult plant rust resistance gene provides seedling resistance in durum wheat without senescence. | the hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) adult plant resistance gene, lr34/yr18/sr57/pm38/ltn1, provides broad spectrum resistance to wheat leaf rust (lr34), stripe rust (yr18), stem rust (sr57) and powdery mildew (pm38) pathogens, and has remained effective in wheat crops for many decades. the partial resistance provided by this gene is only apparent in adult plants and not effective in seedlings under standard growth conditions. lr34 also causes leaf tip necrosis (ltn1) in mature adult plant le ... | 2016 | 27685031 |
| fine mapping of the stem rust resistance gene srta10187. | srta10187 was fine-mapped to a 1.1 cm interval, candidate genes were identified in the region of interest, and molecular markers were developed for marker-assisted selection and sr gene pyramiding. stem rust (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, pgt) races belonging to the ug99 (ttksk) race group pose a serious threat to global wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production. to improve pgt host resistance, the ug99-effective resistance gene srta10187 previously identified in aegilops tauschii coss. was in ... | 2016 | 27581540 |
| stem rust resistance in a geographically diverse collection of spring wheat lines collected from across africa. | following the emergence of the ug99 lineage of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (pgt) a collective international effort has been undertaken to identify new sources of wheat stem rust resistance effective against these races. analyses were undertaken in a collection of wheat genotypes gathered from across africa to identify stem rust resistance effective against the pgt races found in eastern and southern africa. the african wheat collection consisted of historic genotypes collected in kenya, sou ... | 2016 | 27462322 |
| a new 2ds·2rl robertsonian translocation transfers stem rust resistance gene sr59 into wheat. | a new stem rust resistance gene sr59 from secale cereale was introgressed into wheat as a 2ds·2rl robertsonian translocation. emerging new races of the wheat stem rust pathogen (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici), from africa threaten global wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production. to broaden the resistance spectrum of wheat to these widely virulent african races, additional resistance genes must be identified from all possible gene pools. from the screening of a collection of wheat-rye (secale c ... | 2016 | 27025509 |
| genetically divergent types of the wheat leaf fungus puccinia triticina in ethiopia, a center of tetraploid wheat diversity. | collections of puccinia triticina, the wheat leaf rust fungus, were obtained from tetraploid and hexaploid wheat in the central highlands of ethiopia, and a smaller number from kenya, from 2011 to 2013, in order to determine the genetic diversity of this wheat pathogen in a center of host diversity. single-uredinial isolates were derived and tested for virulence phenotype to 20 lines of thatcher wheat that differ for single leaf rust resistance genes and for molecular genotypes with 10 simple se ... | 2016 | 26756826 |
| development of a diagnostic co-dominant marker for stem rust resistance gene sr47 introgressed from aegilops speltoides into durum wheat. | a robust and diagnostic sts marker for stem rust resistance gene sr47 was developed and validated for marker-assisted selection. stem rust (caused by puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, pgt) resistance gene sr47, originally transferred from aegilops speltoides to durum wheat (triticum turgidum subsp. durum) line das15, confers a high level of resistance to pgt race ttksk (ug99). recently, the durum rusty 5d(5b) substitution line was used to reduce the ae. speltoides segment, and the resulting line ... | 2015 | 26260850 |
| mapping of a new stem rust resistance gene sr49 in chromosome 5b of wheat. | a new stem rust resistance gene sr49 was mapped to chromosome 5bl of wheat. usefulness of the closely linked markers sun209 and sun479 for marker-assisted selection of sr49 was demonstrated. landrace aus28011 (mahmoudi), collected from ghardimaou, tunisia, produced low stem rust response against australian pathotypes of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (pgt) carrying virulence for several stem rust resistance genes deployed in modern wheat cultivars. genetic analysis based on a mahmoudi/yitpi f3 ... | 2015 | 26163768 |
| emergence and spread of new races of wheat stem rust fungus: continued threat to food security and prospects of genetic control. | race ug99 (ttksk) of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, detected in uganda in 1998, has been recognized as a serious threat to food security because it possesses combined virulence to a large number of resistance genes found in current widely grown wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties and germplasm, leading to its potential for rapid spread and evolution. since its initial detection, variants of the ug99 lineage of stem rust have been discovered in eastern and southern african countries, yemen, ir ... | 2015 | 26120730 |
| molecular mapping and validation of srnd643: a new wheat gene for resistance to the stem rust pathogen ug99 race group. | this study reports the identification of a new gene conferring resistance to the ug99 lineage of races of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). because the virulent races of stem rust pathogen continue to pose a serious threat in global wheat production, identification and molecular characterization of new resistance genes remains of utmost important to enhance resistance diversity and durability in wheat germplasm. advanced wheat breeding line 'nd643/2*weebill1' carr ... | 2015 | 25870921 |
| fine mapping and characterization of sr21, a temperature-sensitive diploid wheat resistance gene effective against the puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici ug99 race group. | the diploid wheat stem rust resistance gene sr21 confers temperature-sensitive resistance to isolates of the ug99 group and maps to the middle of the long arm of chromosome 2a (m). a race of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, the causal pathogen of stem rust of wheat, known as ug99, and its variants, are virulent to plants carrying stem rust resistance genes currently deployed in most wheat cultivars worldwide. therefore, identification, mapping and deployment of effective resistance genes are cr ... | 2015 | 25634104 |
| a consensus map for ug99 stem rust resistance loci in wheat. | this consensus map of stem rust genes, qtls, and molecular markers will facilitate the identification of new resistance genes and provide a resource of in formation for development of new markers for breeding wheat varieties resistant to ug99. the global effort to identify new sources of resistance to wheat stem rust, caused by puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici race group ug99 has resulted in numerous studies reporting both qualitative genes and quantitative trait loci. the purpose of our study w ... | 2014 | 24903979 |
| complementary epistasis involving sr12 explains adult plant resistance to stem rust in thatcher wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | quantitative trait loci conferring adult plant resistance to ug99 stem rust in thatcher wheat display complementary gene action suggesting multiple quantitative trait loci are needed for effective resistance. adult plant resistance (apr) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to stem rust, caused by puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (pgt), is desirable because this resistance can be pgt race non-specific. resistance derived from cultivar thatcher can confer high levels of apr to the virulent pgt race tt ... | 2014 | 24838645 |
| identification of leaf rust resistance genes in selected egyptian wheat cultivars by molecular markers. | leaf rust, caused by puccinia triticina eriks., is a common and widespread disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in egypt. host resistance is the most economical, effective, and ecologically sustainable method of controlling the disease. molecular markers help to determine leaf rust resistance genes (lr genes). the objective of this study was to identify lr genes in fifteen wheat cultivars from egypt. ten genes, lr13, lr19, lr24, lr26, lr34, lr35 lr36, lr37, lr39, and lr46, were detected in fi ... | 2014 | 24511291 |
| identification of a robust molecular marker for the detection of the stem rust resistance gene sr45 in common wheat. | fine mapping of the ug99 effective stem rust resistance gene sr45 introgressed into common wheat from the d -genome goatgrass aegilops tauschii. stem rust resistance gene sr45, discovered in aegilops tauschii, the progenitor of the d -genome of wheat, is effective against commercially important puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici races prevalent in australia, south africa and the ug99 race group. a synthetic hexaploid wheat (rl5406) generated by crossing ae. tauschii accession rl5289 (carrying sr45 ... | 2014 | 24469473 |
| population divergence in the wheat leaf rust fungus puccinia triticina is correlated with wheat evolution. | co-evolution of fungal pathogens with their host species during the domestication of modern crop varieties has likely affected the current genetic divergence of pathogen populations. the objective of this study was to determine if the evolutionary history of the obligate rust pathogen on wheat, puccinia triticina, is correlated with adaptation to hosts with different ploidy levels. sequence data from 15 loci with different levels of polymorphism were generated. phylogenetic analyses (parsimony, ... | 2014 | 24301080 |
| molecular and phenotypic characterization of seedling and adult plant leaf rust resistance in a world wheat collection. | genetic resistance is the most effective approach to managing wheat leaf rust. the aim of this study was to characterize seedling and adult plant leaf rust resistance of a world wheat collection. using controlled inoculation with ten races of puccinia triticina, 14 seedling resistance genes were determined or postulated to be present in the collection. lr1, lr3, lr10 and lr20 were the most prevalent genes around the world while lr9, lr14b, lr3ka and/or lr30 and lr26 were rare. to confirm some ge ... | 2013 | 24078786 |
| identification and mapping in spring wheat of genetic factors controlling stem rust resistance and the study of their epistatic interactions across multiple environments. | stem rust (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) is responsible for major production losses in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) around the world. the spread of stem rust race ug99 and variants is a threat to worldwide wheat production and efforts are ongoing to identify and incorporate resistance. the objectives of this research were to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) and to study their epistatic interactions for stem rust resistance in a population derived from the canadian wheat culti ... | 2013 | 23649649 |
| simultaneous transfer, introgression, and genomic localization of genes for resistance to stem rust race ttksk (ug99) from aegilops tauschii to wheat. | wheat production is currently threatened by widely virulent races of the wheat stem rust fungus, puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, that are part of the ttksk (also known as 'ug99') race group. the diploid d genome donor species aegilops tauschii (2n = 2x = 14, dd) is a readily accessible source of resistance to ttksk and its derivatives that can be transferred to hexaploid wheat, triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd). to expedite transfer of ttksk resistance from ae. tauschii, a direct hybrid ... | 2013 | 23377571 |
| development and characterization of a compensating wheat-thinopyrum intermedium robertsonian translocation with sr44 resistance to stem rust (ug99). | the emergence of the highly virulent ug99 race complex of the stem rust fungus (puccinia graminis pers. f. sp. tritici eriks. and henn.) threatens wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production worldwide. one of the effective genes against the ug99 race complex is sr44, which was derived from thinopyrum intermedium (host) barkworth and d.r. dewey and mapped to the short arm of 7j (designated 7j#1s) present in the noncompensating t7ds-7j#1l∙7j#1s translocation. noncompensating wheat-alien translocations ... | 2013 | 23358862 |
| identification of markers linked to the race ug99 effective stem rust resistance gene sr28 in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | wheat stem rust caused by puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici can cause devastating yield losses in wheat. over the past several decades, stem rust has been controlled worldwide through the use of genetic resistance. stem rust race ttksk (ug99), first detected in uganda in 1998, threatens global wheat production because of its unique virulence combination. as the majority of the currently grown cultivars and advanced breeding lines are susceptible to race ttksk, sources of resistance need to be ide ... | 2012 | 22584633 |
| durable resistance to the wheat rusts: integrating systems biology and traditional phenotype-based research methods to guide the deployment of resistance genes. | genes which confer partial resistance to the rusts in wheat figure prominently in discussions of potential durable resistance strategies. the positional cloning of the first of these genes, lr34/yr18 and yr36, has revealed different protein structures, suggesting that the category of partial resistance genes, as defined by phenotype, likely groups together suites of functionally heterogenous genes. with the number of mapped partial rust resistance genes increasing rapidly as a result of ongoing ... | 2011 | 26900170 |
| allelic analysis of stripe rust resistance genes on wheat chromosome 2bs. | stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiormis westend f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important foliar diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. stripe rust resistance genes yr27, yr31, yrsp, yrv23, and yrcn19 on chromosome 2bs confer resistance to some or all chinese p. striiormis f. sp. tritici races cyr31, cyr32, sy11-4, and sy11-14 in the greenhouse. to screen microsatellite (ssr) markers linked with yrcn19, f1, f2, and f3 populations derived from cross ch377/cn19 were screened wit ... | 2008 | 18956025 |
| wheat lines monogenic for resistance to stem rust from the wheat cultivar 'waldron'. | the triticum aestivum l. cultivar 'waldron' has long lasting resistance to most north american stem rust (puccinia graminis pers.:pers. f. sp. tritici eriks. and e. henn.) isolates. the objective of this research was to develop wheat lines monogenic for resistance to stem rust from 'waldron' using allelism tests and tests for reaction to a series of ten stem rust cultures having a range of virulences. twelve lines homozygous for single resistance genes were selected as parents of a diallel cross ... | 1995 | 24173079 |
| chromosomal location of genes for stem rust resistance derived from 'waldron' wheat. | the chromosomal locations of genes for resistance to stem rust (puccinia graminis pers.: pers. f. sp. tritici eriks. & e. henn.) in the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar 'waldron' (wdr) were determined by monosomic analyses. wheat lines wdr-b1, -c2, -e4, and -f1,which have single genes for resistance to stem rust derived previously from wdr sel. 'little club', were crossed onto a complete set of 21 'chinese spring' monosomics. the f2 and backcross-f1 (bc1f1) seedlings from each of the 84 cro ... | 1995 | 24173078 |
| specific binding of a hypersensitive lignification elicitor from puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici to the plasma membrane from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | we have recently reported the isolation and characterization of a glycoprotein (mr 67 000) from germ-tube walls of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici which elicits the cellular hypersensitive lignification response in wheat (g. kogel et al., 1988, physiol. mol. plant pathol. 33, 173-185). the present study uses this glycoprotein, referred to as pgt elicitor, to identify putative elicitor targets in wheat cell membranes. in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using anti-pgt elicitor antibodies, spec ... | 1991 | 24193616 |
| [host-parasite metabolic relationship between puccinia graminis var. tritici and triticum vulgare (wheat) : ii. uptake of hexoses from the host]. | rust infected leaves of wheat plants were incubated with glucose-(14)c. uredospores which were formed during the application of the tracer were analyzed. all isolated compounds were labeled with (14)c. when germinating uredospores were incubated directly with (14)c-glucose, the isolated glutamic acid, arginine and lysine had practically no radioactivity. these compounds did, however, contain considerable (14)c-activity when they were isolated from uredospores formed on leaves that had been treat ... | 1969 | 24515592 |
| [host-parasite metabolic relationship between puccinia graminis var. tritici and triticum vulgare (wheat) : i. uptake of amino acids from the host]. | rust infected wheat plants were incubated with different (14c)-labelled amino acids. uredospores that were formed during the incubation contained (14)c-activity. by analysis of these spores it was investigated whether the parasitic mycelium of puccinia graminis takes amino acids from the host. it could be demonstrated that the applicated amino acids were taken up directly from the wheat leaf. the carbon sceletons of applicated lysine and arginine showed only little randomization of (14)c-activit ... | 1969 | 24515556 |
| time-course expression qtl atlas of the global transcriptional response of wheat to fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight is a devastating disease of small grain cereals such as bread wheat (triticum aestivum). the pathogen switches from a biotrophic to a nectrotrophic lifestyle in course of disease development forcing its host to adapt its defence strategies. using a genetical genomics approach we illustrate genome-wide reconfigurations of genetic control over transcript abundances between two decisive time points after inoculation with the causative pathogen fusarium graminearum. whole transc ... | 2017 | 28332274 |
| occurrence of mycotoxins in wheat grains exposed to fungicides on fusarium head blight control in southern brazil. | mycotoxins occurrence in wheat grains impose risks to human and animal health. the southern brazil has favorable weather conditions for fusarium graminearum infections and consequently for mycotoxins accumulation on grains. the goal of this study was to evaluate the behavior of new wheat commercial genotypes to fusarium head blight (fhb), to control performance of new fungicide formulations and their relationship with mycotoxins concentration in grains. the manly mycotoxin occurrence on wheat gr ... | 2017 | 28080216 |
| temporal dynamics, population characterization and mycotoxins accumulation of fusarium graminearum in eastern china. | trichothecene genotype composition, mycotoxin production, genetic diversity, and population structure were analyzed, using 185 fusarium strains collected from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) throughout the jiangsu province during 1976, 1983, 1998, 2006, and 2014. the results showed that 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3adon) was consistently the predominant type in this region over 40 years, and the nivalenol (niv) type has emerged since 1998. long-term rotation of wheat and rice (oryza sativa l.), rather ... | 2016 | 27853184 |
| fusarium head blight resistance qtl in the spring wheat cross kenyon/86ismn 2137. | fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by fusarium graminearum, is a very important disease of wheat globally. damage caused by f. graminearum includes reduced grain yield, reduced grain functional quality, and results in the presence of the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in fusarium-damaged kernels. the development of fhb resistant wheat cultivars is an important component of integrated management. the objective of this study was to identify qtl for fhb resistance in a recombinant inbred li ... | 2016 | 27790188 |
| genome-wide characterization of pectin methyl esterase genes reveals members differentially expressed in tolerant and susceptible wheats in response to fusarium graminearum. | pectin methyl esterase (pme) genes code for enzymes that are involved in structural modifications of the plant cell wall during plant growth and development. they are also involved in plant-pathogen interaction. pme genes belong to a multigene family and in this study we report the first comprehensive analysis of the pme gene family in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). like in other species, the members of the tapme family are dispersed throughout the genome and their encoded products retain t ... | 2016 | 27393991 |
| multiple minor qtls are responsible for fusarium head blight resistance in chinese wheat landrace haiyanzhong. | fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by fusarium graminearum schwabe, is a devastating disease in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). use of host resistance is one of the most effective strategies to minimize the disease damage. haiyanzhong (hyz) is a chinese wheat landrace that shows a high level of resistance to fhb spread within a spike (type ii resistance). to map the quantitative trait loci (qtls) in hyz and identify markers tightly linked to the qtls for fhb resistance, a population of 172 recombi ... | 2017 | 27676181 |
| the cold-induced defensin tad1 confers resistance against snow mold and fusarium head blight in transgenic wheat. | tad1 (triticum aestivum defensin 1) is induced during cold acclimation in winter wheat and encodes a plant defensin with antimicrobial activity. in this study, we demonstrated that recombinant tad1 protein inhibits hyphal growth of the snow mold fungus, typhula ishikariensis in vitro. transgenic wheat plants overexpressing tad1 were created and tested for resistance against t. ishikariensis. leaf inoculation assays revealed that overexpression of tad1 confers resistance against the snow mold. in ... | 2016 | 27080445 |
| from fhb resistance qtls to candidate genes identification in triticum aestivum l. | fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum is a worldwide destructive disease affecting cereals such as wheat. fhb resistance is a quantitative trait, and information for fhb resistance qtls in wheat is available. however, little is known about genes underlying the fhb resistance qtl regions. using a computational approach in this study, we have mined eight fhb resistance qtls in wheat and predicted the candidate genes falling within these qtl intervals based on the available sequ ... | 2016 | 27016253 |
| identifying rare fhb-resistant segregants in intransigent backcross and f2 winter wheat populations. | fusarium head blight (fhb), caused mainly by fusarium graminearum schwabe [telomorph: gibberella zeae schwein.(petch)] in the us, is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l. and t. durum l.). infected grain is usually contaminated with deoxynivalenol (don), a serious mycotoxin. the challenge in fhb resistance breeding is combining resistance with superior agronomic and quality characteristics. exotic qtl are widely used to improve fhb resistance. success depends on the ... | 2016 | 27014202 |
| the plant response induced in wheat ears by a combined attack of sitobion avenae aphids and fusarium graminearum boosts fungal infection and deoxynivalenol production. | the pathogen fusarium graminearum, producer of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, and sitobion avenae aphids both reside on wheat ears. we explored the influence of an earlier aphid infestation on the expression profile of specific molecular markers associated with f. graminearum infection. using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, we followed the expression of wheat defence genes on s. avenae infestation and explored the effect on a subsequent f. graminearum infect ... | 2017 | 26918628 |
| involvement of fungal pectin methylesterase activity in the interaction between fusarium graminearum and wheat. | the genome of fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of fusarium head blight of wheat, contains two putative pectin methylesterase (pme)-encoding genes. however, when grown in liquid culture containing pectin, f. graminearum produces only a single pme, which was purified and identified. its encoding gene, expressed during wheat spike infection, was disrupted by targeted homologous recombination. two δpme mutant strains lacked pme activity but were still able to grow on highly methyl-esterified p ... | 2016 | 26713352 |
| host-preferential fusarium graminearum gene expression during infection of wheat, barley, and maize. | fusarium graminearum is a broad host pathogen threatening cereal crops in temperate regions around the world. to better understand how f. graminearum adapts to different hosts, we have performed a comparison of the transcriptome of a single strain of f. graminearum during early infection (up to 4 d post-inoculation) of barley, maize, and wheat using custom oligomer microarrays. our results showed high similarity between f. graminearum transcriptomes in infected wheat and barley spike tissues. qu ... | 2016 | 26693688 |
| transcriptome analysis of wheat inoculated with fusarium graminearum. | plants are frequently exposed to microorganisms like fungi, bacteria, and viruses that cause biotic stresses. fusarium head blight (fhb) is an economically risky wheat disease, which occurs upon fusarium graminearum (fg) infection. moderately susceptible (cv. "mizrak 98") and susceptible (cv. "gun 91") winter type bread wheat cultivars were subjected to transcriptional profiling after exposure to fg infection. to examine the early response to the pathogen in wheat, we measured gene expression al ... | 2015 | 26539199 |
| genome-wide transcriptional profiling of wheat infected with fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight (fhb) is a destructive disease in wheat caused by fusarium graminearum (f. g). it infects during the flowering stage favored by warm and highly humid climates. in order to understand possible wheat defense mechanism, gene expression analysis in response to f. g was undertaken in three genotypes of wheat, japanese landrace cultivar nobeokabouzu (highly resistant), chinese cv. sumai 3 (resistant) and australian cv. gamenya (susceptible). for microarray analysis, 3 and 7 days a ... | 2015 | 26484265 |
| insights into triticum aestivum seedling root rot caused by fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum is one of the most common and potent fungal pathogens of wheat (triticum aestivum), known for causing devastating spike infections and grain yield damage. f. graminearum is a typical soil-borne pathogen that builds up during consecutive cereal cropping. speculation on systemic colonization of cereals by f. graminearum root infection have long existed but have not been proven. we have assessed the fusarium root rot disease macroscopically in a diverse set of 12 wheat genotype ... | 2015 | 26325125 |
| 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2h-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one (dimboa) inhibits trichothecene production by fusarium graminearum through suppression of tri6 expression. | fusarium head blight (fhb) is a devastating disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) caused by a mycotoxigenic fungus fusarium graminearum resulting in significantly decreased yields and accumulation of toxic trichothecenes in grains. we tested 7 major secondary metabolites from wheat for their effect on trichothecene production in liquid cultures of f. graminearum producing trichothecene 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-adon). 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2h-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one (dimboa) benzoxazinoid ... | 2015 | 26276561 |
| efficacy of zinc compounds in controlling fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol formation in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the efficiency of zinc compounds (zinc sulfate, znso4 and zinc oxide, zno in regular and nanosize, respectively) on wheat plants was evaluated against growth of fusarium graminearum and don formation. in addition, any possible effects on the grain microstructures were observed by scanning electron microscopy (sem), and the remaining residue of zn on wheat plants was analyzed. the plants were inoculated with f. graminearum and treated with zn compounds (100mm) onto spikelets at the anthesis stage ... | 2015 | 25897993 |
| whole-genome analysis of fusarium graminearum insertional mutants identifies virulence associated genes and unmasks untagged chromosomal deletions. | identifying pathogen virulence genes required to cause disease is crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying the pathogenic process. plasmid insertion mutagenesis of fungal protoplasts is frequently used for this purpose in filamentous ascomycetes. post transformation, the mutant population is screened for loss of virulence to a specific plant or animal host. identifying the insertion event has previously met with varying degrees of success, from a cleanly disrupted gene with minimal deleti ... | 2015 | 25881124 |
| analysis of quality-related parameters in mature kernels of polygalacturonase inhibiting protein (pgip) transgenic bread wheat infected with fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight, caused by the fungus fusarium graminearum, has a detrimental effect on both productivity and qualitative properties of wheat. to evaluate its impact on wheat flour, we compared its effect on quality-related parameters between a transgenic bread wheat line expressing a bean polygalacturonase inhibiting protein (pgip) and its control line. we have compared metabolic proteins, the amounts of gluten proteins and their relative ratios, starch content, yield, extent of pathogen c ... | 2015 | 25823882 |
| sharing a host plant (wheat [triticum aestivum]) increases the fitness of fusarium graminearum and the severity of fusarium head blight but reduces the fitness of grain aphids (sitobion avenae). | we hypothesized that interactions between fusarium head blight-causing pathogens and herbivores are likely to occur because they share wheat as a host plant. our aim was to investigate the interactions between the grain aphid, sitobion avenae, and fusarium graminearum on wheat ears and the role that host volatile chemicals play in mediating interactions. wheat ears were treated with aphids and f. graminearum inoculum, together or separately, and disease progress was monitored by visual assessmen ... | 2015 | 25769834 |
| resistance of callose synthase activity to free fatty acid inhibition as an indicator of fusarium head blight resistance in wheat. | the fungal pathogen fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of fusarium head blight (fhb); a devastating crop disease resulting in heavy yield losses and grain contamination with mycotoxins. we recently showed that the secreted lipase fgl1, a virulence factor of f. graminearum, targets plant defense-related callose biosynthesis during wheat head infection. this effector-like function is based on a fgl1-mediated release of polyunsaturated free fatty acids (ffa) that can inhibit callose synthase ... | 2014 | 25763484 |
| host-induced gene silencing of an essential chitin synthase gene confers durable resistance to fusarium head blight and seedling blight in wheat. | fusarium head blight (fhb) and fusarium seedling blight (fsb) of wheat, caused by fusarium pathogens, are devastating diseases worldwide. we report the expression of rna interference (rnai) sequences derived from an essential fusarium graminearum (fg) virulence gene, chitin synthase (chs) 3b, as a method to enhance resistance of wheat plants to fungal pathogens. deletion of chs3b was lethal to fg; disruption of the other chs gene family members generated knockout mutants with diverse impacts on ... | 2015 | 25735638 |
| chromosome engineering, mapping, and transferring of resistance to fusarium head blight disease from elymus tsukushiensis into wheat. | this manuscript describes the transfer and molecular cytogenetic characterization of a novel source of fusarium head blight resistance in wheat. fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by the fungus fusarium graminearum schwabe [telomorph = gibberella zeae (schwein. fr.) petch] is an important disease of bread wheat, triticum aestivum l. (2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) worldwide. wheat has limited resistance to fhb controlled by many loci and new sources of resistance are urgently needed. the perennial grass e ... | 2015 | 25726000 |
| cell wall traits as potential resources to improve resistance of durum wheat against fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum, one of the causal agents of fusarium head blight (fhb, scab), leads to severe losses in grain yield and quality due to the production of mycotoxins which are harmful to human and livestock. different traits for fhb resistance in wheat were identified for common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) while the sources of fhb resistance in durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum), one of the cereals most susceptible to f. graminearum infection, have not been found. new lines of evide ... | 2015 | 25597920 |
| variations for fusarium head blight resistance associated with genomic diversity in different sources of the resistant wheat cultivar 'sumai 3'. | fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by fusarium graminearum, is a serious disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) associated with contamination by the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (don). the fhb-resistant wheat cultivar 'sumai 3' has been used extensively around the world. the existence of variation in fhb resistance among 'sumai 3' accessions has been discussed. in this study, genetic variation among 'sumai 3' accessions collected from six countries were identified using ssr markers; our results dem ... | 2014 | 24987294 |
| identification and differential induction of abcg transporter genes in wheat cultivars challenged by a deoxynivalenol-producing fusarium graminearum strain. | fusarium head blight (fhb), predominantly caused by fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease that poses a serious threat to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production worldwide. a suppression subtractive hybridization cdna library was constructed from f. graminearum infected spikes of a resistant belgian winter wheat, centenaire, exhibiting type ii resistance to fhb in order to identify differentially expressed members of full-size abcg family. members of the abcg family are pleiotropic drug ... | 2014 | 24973883 |
| transcriptome profiling of wheat differentially expressed genes exposed to different chemotypes of fusarium graminearum. | the study is an overview of the behavior of the wheat transcriptome to the fusarium graminearum fungus using two different chemotypes. the transcriptome profiles of seven putative differentially expressed defense-related genes were identified by ssh and further examined using qpcr. fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), caused by several species of the fungus fusarium, is important in all wheat growing regions worldwide. the most dominant species in canada is fusarium gramin ... | 2014 | 24893796 |
| resistance of callose synthase activity to free fatty acid inhibition as an indicator of fusarium head blight resistance in wheat. | the fungal pathogen fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of fusarium head blight (fhb); a devastating crop disease resulting in heavy yield losses and grain contamination with mycotoxins. we recently showed that the secreted lipase fgl1, a virulence factor of f. graminearum, targets plant defense-related callose biosynthesis during wheat head infection. this effector-like function is based on a fgl1-mediated release of polyunsaturated free fatty acids (ffa) that can inhibit callose synthase ... | 2014 | 24781155 |
| durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) lines show different abilities to form masked mycotoxins under greenhouse conditions. | deoxynivalenol (don) is the most prevalent trichothecene in europe and its occurrence is associated with infections of fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum, causal agents of fusarium head blight (fhb) on wheat. resistance to fhb is a complex character and high variability occurs in the relationship between don content and fhb incidence. don conjugation to glucose (don-3-glucoside, d3g) is the primary plant mechanism for resistance towards don accumulation. although this mechanism has been alread ... | 2013 | 24368326 |
| quantitative trait loci-dependent analysis of a gene co-expression network associated with fusarium head blight resistance in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum schwabe is one of the most prevalent diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and other small grain cereals. resistance against the fungus is quantitative and more than 100 quantitative trait loci (qtl) have been described. two well-validated and highly reproducible qtl, fhb1 and qfhs.ifa-5a have been widely investigated, but to date the underlying genes have not been identified. | 2013 | 24152241 |
| fusarium damage in cereal grains from western canada. 1. phylogenetic analysis of moniliformin-producing fusarium species and their natural occurrence in mycotoxin-contaminated wheat, oats, and rye. | harvest samples of common wheat (triticum aestivum), oats (avena sativa), and rye (secale cereale) from producers in western canada were analyzed for fungal infection by toxigenic fusarium species and contamination by trichothecenes and moniliformin (mon). fusarium graminearum and f. avenaceum were the two most frequently isolated species from samples of rye and wheat collected in 2010. f. poae and f. sporotrichioides were more commonly detected in randomly selected oat seeds. other toxigenic fu ... | 2013 | 23683177 |
| the defense response in arabidopsis thaliana against fusarium sporotrichioides. | | 2012 | 23110430 |
| identification, characterization and mapping of differentially expressed genes in a winter wheat cultivar (centenaire) resistant to fusarium graminearum infection. | fusarium head blight (fhb), predominantly caused by fusarium graminearum, is a destructive disease that poses a serious threat to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production around the world. a suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) cdna library was constructed from f. graminearum infected spikes of a resistant belgian winter wheat variety centenaire, exhibiting type ii resistance to fhb. forty-three differentially expressed transcripts were identified and classified in different categories acc ... | 2012 | 22718510 |
| overexpression of wheat lipid transfer protein gene taltp5 increases resistances to cochliobolus sativus and fusarium graminearum in transgenic wheat. | the fungus cochliobolus sativus is the main pathogen of common root rot, a serious soil-borne disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the fungus fusarium graminearum is the primary pathogen of fusarium head blight, a devastating disease of wheat worldwide. in this study, the wheat lipid transfer protein gene, taltp5, was cloned and evaluated for its ability to suppress disease development in transgenic wheat. taltp5 expression was induced after c. sativus infection. the taltp5 expression vector ... | 2012 | 22689341 |
| effect of salicylic acid on fusarium graminearum, the major causal agent of fusarium head blight in wheat. | salicylic acid (sa) is one of the key signal molecules in regulating plant resistance to diverse pathogens. in arabidopsis thaliana, it is predominantly associated with resistance against biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens, and triggering systemic acquired resistance. in contrast, the effect of sa on the defence efficiency of wheat against fusarium head blight (fhb) and its causal agent, fusarium graminearum, is still poorly understood. here we show that the f. graminearum mycelial growth a ... | 2012 | 22385623 |
| relationships between some soil parameters and weed community (case study: winter wheat fields of uremia-iran). | in order to find relationships between weed species distribution and soil ph, calcium carbonate (caco₃), electrical conductivity (ec), and organic matter percentage (om %), fields surveys were done in 50 wheats (triticum aestivum l.) fields of uremia county (one of the northwest counties of iran) in 2013. data sampling of weeds was conducted from the beginning of stem elongation until the end of heading stages of wheat. in each field, 20 quadrates (0.25 m²) were randomly placed along a "w" patte ... | 2015 | 27145592 |
| isolation and identification of (3-methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile as a phytotoxin from meadowfoam (limnanthes alba) seedmeal. | ethyl ether, ethanol, and water extracts of meadowfoam (limnanthes alba hartweg ex. benth.) seedmeal were prepared and bioassayed against velvetleaf (abutilon theophrasti medicus) and wheat (triticum aestivum l. "cardinal"). both the ethyl ether and ethanol fractions, but not the water extract, inhibited velvetleaf and wheat radicle elongation. fractionation of the extracts indicated that (3-methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile (3-mpan) was the active compound from both extracts, comprising >97% of the ac ... | 1996 | 24227117 |
| allelopathic effect of parthenium (parthenium hysterophorus l.) extract and residue on some agronomic crops and weeds. | allelopathic effects of entire shoot extract, plant part extracts, and shoot residue of parthenium (parthenium hysterophorus l.) on corn (zea mays l.), ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), velvetleaf (abutilon theophrasti medik.), and soybean [glycine max (l) merr.] growth were examined. parthenium shoot contained water-soluble materials that were toxic to root growth of velvetleaf and wheat. at 4% (w/ v) concentration, root growth of velvetleaf and wheat were reduce ... | 1987 | 24302341 |
| rapid plant identification using species- and group-specific primers targeting chloroplast dna. | plant identification is challenging when no morphologically assignable parts are available. there is a lack of broadly applicable methods for identifying plants in this situation, for example when roots grow in mixture and for decayed or semi-digested plant material. these difficulties have also impeded the progress made in ecological disciplines such as soil- and trophic ecology. here, a pcr-based approach is presented which allows identifying a variety of plant taxa commonly occurring in centr ... | 2012 | 22253728 |
| inter- and intra-guild interactions related to aphids in nettle (urtica dioica l.) strips closed to field crops. | a field experiment designed to assess the biodiversity related to nettle strips closed to crops, and more particularly the aphid and related beneficial populations, was established in experimental farm located in gembloux (belgium). margin strips of nettle (urtica dioica) closed to wheat (triticum aestivum), green pea (pisum sativum) and rape (brassicae napus) fields were investigated. the diversity, abundance of aphids and related predators were analysed according to the plant crop species and ... | 2006 | 17385508 |
| transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing a grass ppexp1 gene exhibit enhanced tolerance to heat stress. | heat stress is a detrimental abiotic stress limiting the growth of many plant species and is associated with various cellular and physiological damages. expansins are a family of proteins which are known to play roles in regulating cell wall elongation and expansion, as well as other growth and developmental processes. the in vitro roles of expansins regulating plant heat tolerance are not well understood. the objectives of this study were to isolate and clone an expansin gene in a perennial gra ... | 2014 | 25003197 |
| comparative genome analysis between agrostis stolonifera and members of the pooideae subfamily, including brachypodium distachyon. | creeping bentgrass (agrostis stolonifera, allotetraploid 2n = 4x = 28) is one of the major cool-season turfgrasses. it is widely used on golf courses due to its tolerance to low mowing and aggressive growth habit. in this study, we investigated genome relationships of creeping bentgrass relative to the triticeae (a consensus map of triticum aestivum, t. tauschii, hordeum vulgare, and h. spontaneum), oat, rice, and ryegrass maps using a common set of 229 est-rflp markers. the genome comparisons b ... | 2013 | 24244501 |
| complete chloroplast genome sequences of hordeum vulgare, sorghum bicolor and agrostis stolonifera, and comparative analyses with other grass genomes. | comparisons of complete chloroplast genome sequences of hordeum vulgare, sorghum bicolor and agrostis stolonifera to six published grass chloroplast genomes reveal that gene content and order are similar but two microstructural changes have occurred. first, the expansion of the ir at the ssc/ira boundary that duplicates a portion of the 5' end of ndhh is restricted to the three genera of the subfamily pooideae (agrostis, hordeum and triticum). second, a 6 bp deletion in ndhk is shared by agrosti ... | 2007 | 17534593 |
| mutagenicity, cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity evaluation of biodegraded textile effluent by fungal ligninolytic enzymes. | colored effluents from the textile industry have led to severe environmental pollution, and this has emerged as a global issue. the feasibility of ligninolytic enzymes for the detoxification and degradation of textile wastewater was investigated. ganoderma lucidum crude ligninolytic enzymes extract (mnp 717.7, lip 576.3, and laccase 323.2 iu/ml) was produced using solid-state culture using wheat bran as substrate. the biodegradation treatment efficiency was evaluated on the basis of degradation ... | 2016 | 27191553 |
| enantioselective separation of 4,8-dht and phytotoxicity of the enantiomers on various plant species. | as a candidate for bioherbicide, 4,8-dihydroxy-1-tetralone (4,8-dht) was isolated from caryospora callicarpa epicarp and its two enantiomers, s-(+)-isosclerone and r-(-)-regiolone, were separated by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) on a chiralcel od column with chiral stationary phase (csp)-coated cellulose-tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate). then, the phytotoxicity of 4,8-dht and its enantiomers toward the seeds germination and seedling growth of the five tested plant species ... | 2016 | 27110760 |
| antioxidant and phytobiological studies on two allium cepa l. extracts. | to investigate the antioxidant potential of two allium cepa l. extracts. | 2015 | 26204673 |
| traditional phytoremedies for the treatment of menstrual disorders in district udhampur, j&k, india. | herbal remedies form an integral part of healing and are considered to be the oldest forms of health care known to mankind. the present study aims to document traditional phytoremedies for the treatment of menstrual disorders in udhampur district of j&k, india. | 2015 | 25479156 |
| phytotoxicity of 4,8-dihydroxy-1-tetralone isolated from carya cathayensis sarg. to various plant species. | the aqueous extract from carya cathayensis sarg. exocarp was centrifuged, filtered, and separated into 11 elution fractions by x-5 macroporous resin chromatography. a phenolic compound, 4,8-dihydroxy-1-tetralone (4,8-dht) was isolated from the fractions with the strongest phytotoxicity by bioassy-guided fractionation, and investigated for phytotoxicity on lettuce (latuca sativa l.), radish (raphanus sativus l.), cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), onion (allium cepa l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l ... | 2014 | 25264832 |
| structure-activity relationships (sar) studies of benzoxazinones, their degradation products and analogues. phytotoxicity on standard target species (sts). | benzoxazinones 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-(2h)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one (dimboa) and 2,4-dihydroxy-(2h)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one (diboa) have been considered key compounds for understanding allelopathic phenomena in gramineae crop plants such as corn (zea mays l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and rye (secale cereale l.). the degradation processes in the environment observed for these compounds, in which soil microbes are directly involved, could affect potential allelopathic activity of these pla ... | 2005 | 15686399 |
| occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in saline soils of the tabriz plain of iran in relation to some physical and chemical properties of soil. | the abundance and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) were evaluated in the tabriz plain, where soil salinity levels range from 7.3 to 92.0 ds/m. soil and root samples were collected from the rhizosphere of several glycophytes (allium cepa l., medicago sativa l., triticum aestivum l. and hordeum vulgare l.) and halophytes (salicornia sp. and salsola sp.) and were analysed for spore number in soil, root colonization with amf and some physical and chemical soil properties. the numbe ... | 2001 | 24595430 |
| comparative genomic in situ hybridization (cgish) analysis on plant chromosomes revealed by labelled arabidopsis dna. | a new approach for comparative cytogenetic banding analysis of plant chromosomes has been established. the comparative gish (cgish) technique is universally applicable to various complex genomes of monocotyledonae (triticum aestivum, agropyron elongatum, secale cereale, hordeum vulgare, allium cepa, muscari armenaticum and lilium longiflorum) and dicotyledonae (vicia faba, beta vulgaris, arabidopsis thaliana). labelled total genomic dna of a. thaliana generates signals at conserved chromosome re ... | 2001 | 11448038 |
| diversity of cell lengths in terminal portions of roots: location of the proliferative cell population. | terminal meristems are responsible for all primary growth of roots. it has been asserted that all cells of root meristems are actively dividing and that the stem cell (proliferative) population expands exponentially. lengths of cells in roots just proximal to the root cap/root initial boundary were used to determine the numbers of cortex and stele cells in the meristem. meristem cells were defined as cells that did not have significantly different cell lengths from initial cells at the boundary. ... | 2001 | 11165634 |
| natural and synthetic podolactones with potential use as natural herbicide models. | a collection of 11 natural and synthetic podolactones have been tested as allelochemicals in a range between 10(-4) and 10(-9) m, and their potential use as natural herbicide models is discussed. their effects on the germination and growth of the dicots lactuca sativa (cv. nigra and cv. roman), lepidium sativum, and lycopersicon esculentum and the monocots allium cepa, hordeum vulgare, and triticum aestivum as standard target species have been studied. an important inhibitory effect on the germi ... | 2000 | 10898656 |
| replication of 5 s ribosomal genes precedes the appearance of early nuclear replication complexes. | the present work shows that replication of the 5 s ribosomal genes differs in time and 3'deoxyadenosine sensitivity from replication of other nuclear genes, in allium cepa l. root meristems. fluorescence in situ hybridization with the pta794 dna probe which contains a complete 410 bp 5 s gene from triticum aestivum allowed to detect four clusters of 5 s genes in these diploid cells (2n = 16), two of them in the short arm of the smallest metacentric chromosomal pair 7. replication of the 5 s ribo ... | 1998 | 9860141 |