| cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) and yam (dioscorea spp.) crops and their derived foodstuffs: safety, security and nutritional value. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) and yam (dioscorea spp.) are tropical crops consumed by ca. 2 billion people and represent the main source of carbohydrate and energy for the approximately 700 million people living in the tropical and sub-tropical areas. they are a guarantee of food security for developing countries. the production of these crops and the transformation into food-derived commodities is increasing, it represents a profitable business and farmers generate substantial income from ... | 2016 | 26165549 |
| dust mite infestation in cooking flour: experimental observations and practical recommendations. | the first documented case of oral mite anaphylaxis has recently been reported in thailand, with mites possibly originating from cooking flour. | 2015 | 26141033 |
| factors influencing somatic embryogenesis, regeneration, and agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) cultivar tme14. | routine production of large numbers of transgenic plants is required to fully exploit advances in cassava biotechnology and support development of improved germplasm for deployment to farmers. this article describes an improved, high-efficiency transformation protocol for recalcitrant cassava cultivar tme14 preferred in africa. factors that favor production of friable embryogenic calli (fec) were found to be use of dkw medium, crushing of organized embryogenic structures (oes) through 1-2 mm siz ... | 2015 | 26113851 |
| phylogeny and expression pattern of starch branching enzyme family genes in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) under diverse environments. | starch branching enzyme (sbe) is one of the key enzymes involved in starch biosynthetic metabolism. in this study, six sbe family genes were identified from the cassava genome. phylogenetic analysis divided the mesbe family genes into dicot family a, b, c, and the new group. tissue-specific analysis showed that mesbe2.2 was strongly expressed in leaves, stems cortex, and root stele, and mesbe3 had high expression levels in stem cortex and root stele of plants in the rapid growth stage under fiel ... | 2015 | 25981533 |
| increasing stringiness of low-fat mozzarella string cheese using polysaccharides. | when fat content of pasta filata cheese is lowered, a loss of fibrous texture occurs and low-fat (lf) mozzarella cheese loses stringiness, making it unsuitable for the manufacture of string cheese. we investigated the use of various polysaccharides that could act as fat mimetics during the stretching and extruding process to aid in protein strand formation and increase stringiness. low-fat mozzarella cheese curd was made, salted, and then 3.6-kg batches were heated in hot (80°) 5% brine, stretch ... | 2015 | 25981060 |
| physicochemical properties and responses in microcirculation of native tapioca starch-based plasma expander. | plasma expanders (pes) such as hydroxyethyl strach are widely used for volume replacement. the plantation and production of tapioca in thailand is abundant which may provide a new source for pes starch with novel properties. this work investigated the properties and circulatory effects of native tapioca starch-based pe (tpe). various formulations of mixture between native tapioca starch and 0.9% sodium chloride solution were prepared and characterized in order to obtain the proper physicochemica ... | 2016 | 25892486 |
| a genetic map of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) with integrated physical mapping of immunity-related genes. | cassava, manihot esculenta crantz, is one of the most important crops world-wide representing the staple security for more than one billion of people. the development of dense genetic and physical maps, as the basis for implementing genetic and molecular approaches to accelerate the rate of genetic gains in breeding program represents a significant challenge. a reference genome sequence for cassava has been made recently available and community efforts are underway for improving its quality. cas ... | 2015 | 25887443 |
| antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extract of manihot esculenta crantz leaves in wistar rats. | use of manihot esculenta crantz (mec) plant has been mentioned in literature of food and agriculture organization of united nations, central tuber crops research institute and many others. it is also known commonly as tapioca, continues to be a crop of food security for the millions of people, especially in the developing countries of the globe including india. medicinal uses of this plant including diarrhea have been mentioned in literature, but scientific evidence is lacking. | 2017 | 25878462 |
| tapioca cardiomyopathy: curse of cassava endomyocardial fibrosis. | tropical endomyocardial fibrosis is a rare entity in the present era. restrictive cardiomyopathy due to tapioca consumption is very rare, although it has been reported in india, especially in state of kerala. we report a rare case of restrictive cardiomyopathy secondary to tapioca consumption in a 20-year-old male patient. | 2015 | 28197237 |
| [chemical characterization and quantification of fructooligosaccharides, phenolic compounds and antiradical activity of andean roots and tubers grown in northwest of argentina]. | there is great interest in consuming foods that can provide the nutrients for a good nutrition and other health beneficial compounds. the aim of this work was to determine the chemical composition of native foods of the andean region and to quantify some functional com-ponents. proximal composition, vitamin c, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (dpph) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (fos), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roo ... | 2014 | 25799690 |
| classification of cassava genotypes based on qualitative and quantitative data. | we evaluated the genetic variation of cassava accessions based on qualitative (binomial and multicategorical) and quantitative traits (continuous). we characterized 95 accessions obtained from the cassava germplasm bank of embrapa mandioca e fruticultura; we evaluated these accessions for 13 continuous, 10 binary, and 25 multicategorical traits. first, we analyzed the accessions based only on quantitative traits; next, we conducted joint analysis (qualitative and quantitative traits) based on th ... | 2015 | 25730029 |
| characteristics of wet and dried distillers grains on in vitro ruminal fermentation and effects of dietary wet distillers grains on performance of hanwoo steers. | two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutrient composition, in vitro dry matter disappearance (ivdmd) and organic matter disappearance (ivomd) of three kinds of distillers grains (dg); i) wet distillers grains (wdg, krw 25/kg), ii) dried distillers grains (ddg, krw 280/kg), iii) dried distillers grains with solubles (ddgs, krw 270/kg) produced from tapioca 70% and rice 30%, and to evaluate dietary effects of wdg on the performance of hanwoo steers. in exp. 1, twelve-wdg, four-ddg and on ... | 2015 | 25715686 |
| an overview of protein identification studies in cassava. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) belongs to the euphorbiaceae family and is originated from the southern amazon basin. the storage root is the most important product of cassava as food for more than 800 million people in africa, asia and latin america. in this review, we present a retrospective of studies aiming the identification of cassava proteins, starting from the first investigations using sds-page and classical two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2de) to recent studies with advanced te ... | 2015 | 25707473 |
| correlation of chemical compositions of cassava varieties to their resistance to prostephanus truncatus horn (coleoptera: bostrichidae). | the preference of cassava as a major host by prostephanus truncatus horn is a major constraint to ample production of cassava, manihot esculenta crantz and storage. this study analyzed the nutritional and secondary metabolite compositions in 15 cassava varieties, evaluated levels of damage and reproduction by p. truncatus, and assessed their resistance to attack. one hundred grams of dried cassava chips in 250-ml kilner jars were infested with 10 adult larger grain borerof 0-10 days old and held ... | 2015 | 25700536 |
| starch (tapioca) to carbon dots: an efficient green approach to an on-off-on photoluminescence probe for fluoride ion sensing. | photoluminescent carbon dots of 4-5 nm size were prepared from starch (tapioca sago) through a solution method under mild conditions. the as-prepared carbon dots were used as photoluminescence probes for highly anion selective fluoride ion detection in aqueous solutions. a ready-to-use device is also demonstrated. | 2015 | 25679995 |
| effects of a food-based intervention on markers of micronutrient status among indian women of low socio-economic status. | intakes of micronutrient-rich foods are low among indian women of reproductive age. we investigated whether consumption of a food-based micronutrient-rich snack increased markers of blood micronutrient concentrations when compared with a control snack. non-pregnant women (n 222) aged 14-35 years living in a mumbai slum were randomised to receive a treatment snack (containing green leafy vegetables, dried fruit and whole milk powder), or a control snack containing foods of low micronutrient conte ... | 2015 | 25677713 |
| chemical constituents from the stems of manihot esculenta. | two new compounds, maniesculentins a (1) and b (6), together with four known ones were isolated from the stems of manihot esculenta crantz. the structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including nmr spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. the two new compounds (1, 6) were assayed for antibacterial activity against four tested bacteria lines. | 2015 | 25673419 |
| rheological, physical, and sensory attributes of gluten-free rice cakes containing resistant starch. | in this study the effect of resistant starch (rs) addition on gluten-free cakes from rice flour and tapioca starch physical and sensorial properties was investigated. increase in rs concentration made cake batters less elastic (drop of g'(ω), g''(ω) values) and thinner (viscosity decreased). cakes specific volume increased with an increase in rs level and was maximized for 15 g/100 g rs, although porosity values were significantly unaffected by rs content. crumb grain analysis exhibited a decrea ... | 2015 | 25604540 |
| cassava virus diseases: biology, epidemiology, and management. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz.) is the most important vegetatively propagated food staple in africa and a prominent industrial crop in latin america and asia. its vegetative propagation through stem cuttings has many advantages, but deleteriously it means that pathogens are passed from one generation to the next and can easily accumulate, threatening cassava production. cassava-growing continents are characterized by specific suites of viruses that affect cassava and pose particular threats. ... | 2015 | 25591878 |
| effect of the borax mass and pre-spray medium temperature on droplet size and velocity vector distributions of intermittently sprayed starchy solutions. | spray coating technology has demonstrated great potential in the slow release fertilizers industry. the better understanding of the key spray parameters benefits both the environment and low cost coating processes. the use of starch based materials to coat the slow release fertilizers is a new development. however, the hydraulic spray jet breakup of the non-newtonian starchy solutions is a complex phenomenon and very little known. the aim of this research was to study the axial and radial distri ... | 2015 | 25557285 |
| large-scale snp discovery through rna sequencing and snp genotyping by targeted enrichment sequencing in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is one of the most important crop species being the main source of dietary energy in several countries. marker-assisted selection has become an essential tool in plant breeding. single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) discovery via transcriptome sequencing is an attractive strategy for genome complexity reduction in organisms with large genomes. we sequenced the transcriptome of 16 cassava accessions using the illumina hiseq platform and identified 675,559 est-der ... | 2014 | 25551642 |
| cassava (manihot esculenta krantz) genome harbors knox genes differentially expressed during storage root development. | in plants, homeodomain proteins play a critical role in regulating various aspects of plant growth and development. knox proteins are members of the homeodomain protein family. the knox transcription factors have been reported from arabidopsis, rice, and other higher plants. the recent publication of the draft genome sequence of cassava (manihot esculenta krantz) has allowed a genome-wide search for m. esculenta knox (meknox) transcription factors and the comparison of these positively identifie ... | 2014 | 25526192 |
| motor impairments induced by microinjection of linamarin in the dorsal hippocampus of wistar rats. | cassava, also known as yuca or manioc (manihot esculenta crantz), is a staple food in tropical and subtropical regions since it is an important source of carbohydrates. nevertheless, it contains cyanogenic compounds including lotaustralin and linamarin, which have been shown by experimental models to affect brain structures such as the thalamus, the piriform cortex, the hippocampus, and others. these findings may explain the presence of such neurological diseases as konzo and tropical ataxic neu ... | 2016 | 25524044 |
| predicting the potential invasion suitability of regions to cassava lacebug pests (heteroptera: tingidae: vatiga spp.). | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is one of the most important staple crops for small farmers in the tropics, feeding about 800 million people worldwide. it is currently cultivated in south and central america, africa and asia. the genus vatiga is widespread throughout the neotropical region. its species are sympatric and feed exclusively on cassava. the main objectives of this paper are: (1) to assess the potential distribution of vatiga, one of the most relevant pests of cassava; (2) to proje ... | 2015 | 25523908 |
| high-resolution linkage map and chromosome-scale genome assembly for cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) from 10 populations. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a major staple crop in africa, asia, and south america, and its starchy roots provide nourishment for 800 million people worldwide. although native to south america, cassava was brought to africa 400-500 years ago and is now widely cultivated across sub-saharan africa, but it is subject to biotic and abiotic stresses. to assist in the rapid identification of markers for pathogen resistance and crop traits, and to accelerate breeding programs, we generated a ... | 2014 | 25504737 |
| two new terpenoids from the stems of manihot esculenta. | a new eremophilane sesquiterpene, sporogen ao-2 (1), and a new beyerane diterpene, thecacorin c (2), together with two known compounds, longifoamide-b (3) and methylcholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol (4), were isolated from the stems of manihot esculenta. the structures of the two new compounds were determined by spectroscopic techniques (uv, ir, ms, 1d, and 2d nmr). antimicrobial assay showed that compound 3 possessed modest inhibitory effects on saphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant s.aureus, ... | 2015 | 25492303 |
| correlated changes in structure and viscosity during gelatinization and gelation of tapioca starch granules. | melting of native tapioca starch granules in aqueous pastes upon heating is observed in situ using simultaneous small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering (saxs/waxs) and solution viscometry. correlated structure and viscosity changes suggest closely associated amylose and amylopectin chains in the semicrystalline layers, and the release of amylose chains for enhanced solution viscosity occurs largely after melting of the semicrystalline structure. before melting, waxs results reveal mixed crystals ... | 2014 | 25485122 |
| effect of granule organisation on the behaviour of starches in the nmmo (n-methyl morpholine n-oxide) solvent system. | the response of starches of different botanical origin to heating in 78% n-methyl morpholine n-oxide (nmmo) is compared with their behaviour in water. for all starches studied an exothermic transition is obtained in the nmmo system rather than the endothermic transition in water. in nmmo the transition temperatures are lower for a-type starches (wheat, rice and tapioca) than the c-type starches (sago and pea) and also potato which has a b-type polymorph. observations using a hot stage microscope ... | 2015 | 25458278 |
| cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | genetic transformation of plants is an indispensable technique used for fundamental research and crop improvement. recent advances in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) transformation have facilitated the effective generation of stably transformed cassava plants with favorable traits. agrobacterium-mediated transformation of friable, embryogenic callus has evolved to become the most widely used approach and has been adopted by research laboratories in africa. this procedure utilizes axillary mer ... | 2015 | 25416250 |
| activity and abundance of methane-oxidizing bacteria in secondary forest and manioc plantations of amazonian dark earth and their adjacent soils. | the oxidation of atmospheric ch4 in upland soils is mostly mediated by uncultivated groups of microorganisms that have been identified solely by molecular markers, such as the sequence of the pmoa gene encoding the β-subunit of the particulate methane monooxygenase enzyme. the objective of this work was to compare the activity and diversity of methanotrophs in amazonian dark earth soil (ade, hortic anthrosol) and their adjacent non-anthropic soil. secondly, the effect of land use in the form of ... | 2014 | 25374565 |
| encapsulation of black carrot juice using spray and freeze drying. | black carrot juice extracted using pectinase enzyme was encapsulated in three different carrier materials (maltodextrin 20de, gum arabic and tapioca starch) using spray drying at four inlet temperatures (150, 175, 200 and 225 ℃) and freeze drying at a constant temperature of - 53 ℃ and vacuum of 0.22-0.11 mbar with the constant feed mixture. the products were analyzed for total anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity, water solubility index, encapsulation efficiency and total colour change. fo ... | 2015 | 25367889 |
| evaluation of coprocessed disintegrants produced from tapioca starch and mannitol in orally disintegrating paracetamol tablet. | the study evaluated two novel coprocessed excipients (with two methods) as disintegrants in an orally disintegrating paracetamol tablet formulation. the tablets produced were assessed for mechanical properties with the use of friability and tensile strength while the release properties were assessed with wetting time, water absorption ratio, disintegration time and dissolution profile. the results obtained showed that the methods of coprocessing and disintegrant incorporation influenced the acti ... | 2014 | 25362809 |
| corrin-based chemosensors for the assured detection of endogenous cyanide. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a staple food for more than 500 million people, especially in africa and south america. however, its consumption bears risks as it contains cyanogenic glycosides that convert enzymatically to toxic cyanide during cell damage. to avoid serious health problems by unintentional cyanide intake, this dangerous product of decomposition must be removed before consumption. for monitoring such food processing procedures and for controlling the quality and safety of c ... | 2015 | 25317920 |
| genome sequence of erinnyis ello granulovirus (erelgv), a natural cassava hornworm pesticide and the first sequenced sphingid-infecting betabaculovirus. | cassava (manihot esculenta) is the basic source for dietary energy of 500 million people in the world. in brazil, erinnyis ello ello (lepidoptera: sphingidae) is a major pest of cassava crops and a bottleneck for its production. in the 1980s, a naturally occurring baculovirus was isolated from e. ello larva and successfully applied as a bio-pesticide in the field. here, we described the structure, the complete genome sequence, and the phylogenetic relationships of the first sphingid-infecting be ... | 2014 | 25280947 |
| enzymatic and acid conversion of new starches from improved orphan crops: prospects for renewable materials uses in food and non-food industries. | the enzymatic and acid hydrolysis have converted eight new starches into a range of chain lengths mainly including glucose, maltose, and maltodextrins as observed on tlc plates, irrespective to the starch variety and treatment. results of the enzymatic hydrolysis have highlighted the possibility of the use of v4 and v64, which can be labelled as "dietary fibres", to enhance the organoleptic qualities of foods and for fibre fortification of low-calorie products. concerning v66 and v69, they have ... | 2014 | 25279291 |
| immune response and disease resistance of shrimp fed biofloc grown on different carbon sources. | the objective of this study was to document the immunological effects of growing shrimp in biofloc systems. the experiment consisted of four types of biofloc systems in which bioflocs were produced by daily supplementation of four different carbon sources, i.e. molasses, tapioca, tapioca-by-product, and rice bran, at an estimated c/n ratio of 15 and a control system without any organic carbon addition. each biofloc system was stocked with pacific white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) juveniles tha ... | 2014 | 25218685 |
| thermodynamic analysis of sorption isotherms of cassava (manihot esculenta). | sorption isotherms of cassava were determined experimentally using a static gravimetric method at 30, 45 and 60 °c and within the range of 0.10-0.90 water activity. at a constant water activity, equilibrium moisture content decreased with increasing temperature. the equilibrium moisture content increased with increasing water activity at a given temperature. the experimental results were modelled using seven sorption models using non-linear regression technique. results demonstrated that the gab ... | 2014 | 25190827 |
| genetic parameters and prediction of genotypic values for root quality traits in cassava using reml/blup. | the aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and predict the genotypic values of root quality traits in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) using restricted maximum likelihood (reml) and best linear unbiased prediction (blup). a total of 471 cassava accessions were evaluated over two years of cultivation. the evaluated traits included amylose content (aml), root dry matter (dmc), cyanogenic compounds (cyc), and starch yield (styi). estimates of the individual broad-sense heritabil ... | 2014 | 25177949 |
| development of a cassava core collection based on single nucleotide polymorphism markers. | single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers were used in the largest cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) germplasm collection from brazil to develop core collections based on the maximization strategy. subsets with 61, 64, 84, 128, 256, and 384 cassava accessions were selected and named poheu, mst64, poran, mst128, mst256, and mst384, respectively. all the 798 alleles identified by 402 snp markers in the entire collection were captured in all core collections. only small alterations in the diver ... | 2014 | 25158266 |
| optimization of ingredients for noodle preparation using response surface methodology. | in the present investigation, the composite flour combinations using whole wheat flour (x1), tapioca flour (x2) and defatted soy flour (x3) for the noodle preparation were made through central composite rotatable design (ccrd). the analyzed responses were bulk density (bd), proximate composition, water uptake ratio (wur), cooking volume expansion (ve), water absorption capacity (wac), swelling capacity (sc), gruel solid loss (gsl), and sensory characteristics. a second order quadratic polynomial ... | 2014 | 25114340 |
| increased expression of native cytosolic cu/zn superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase improves tolerance to oxidative and chilling stresses in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a tropical root crop, and is therefore, extremely sensitive to low temperature; its antioxidative response is pivotal for its survival under stress. timely turnover of reactive oxygen species (ros) in plant cells generated by chilling-induced oxidative damages, and scavenging can be achieved by non-enzymatic and enzymatic reactions in order to maintain ros homeostasis. | 2014 | 25091029 |
| preparation and characterization of bioplastic-based green renewable composites from tapioca with acetyl tributyl citrate as a plasticizer. | granular tapioca was thermally blended with poly(lactic acid) (pla). all blends were prepared using a plasti-corder and characterized for tensile properties, thermal properties and morphology. scanning electron micrographs showed that phase separation occurred, leading to poor tensile properties. therefore, methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (mdi) was used as an interfacial compatibilizer to improve the mechanical properties of pla/tapioca blends. the addition of mdi could improve the tensile streng ... | 2014 | 28788150 |
| local domestication of lactic acid bacteria via cassava beer fermentation. | cassava beer, or chicha, is typically consumed daily by the indigenous shuar people of the ecuadorian amazon. this traditional beverage made from cassava tuber (manihot esculenta) is thought to improve nutritional quality and flavor while extending shelf life in a tropical climate. bacteria responsible for chicha fermentation could be a source of microbes for the human microbiome, but little is known regarding the microbiology of chicha. we investigated bacterial community composition of chicha ... | 2014 | 25071997 |
| endogenous small-noncoding rnas and their roles in chilling response and stress acclimation in cassava. | small noncoding rna (sncrna), including micrornas (mirnas) and endogenous small-interfering rnas (endo-sirnas) are key gene regulators in eukaryotes, playing critical roles in plant development and stress tolerance. trans-acting sirnas (ta-sirnas), which are secondary sirnas triggered by mirnas, and sirnas from natural antisense transcripts (nat-sirnas) are two well-studied classes of endo-sirnas. | 2014 | 25070534 |
| dynamical structure of a traditional amazonian social network. | reciprocity is a vital feature of social networks, but relatively little is known about its temporal structure or the mechanisms underlying its persistence in real world behavior. in pursuit of these two questions, we study the stationary and dynamical signals of reciprocity in a network of manioc beer (spanish: chicha; tsimane': shocdye') drinking events in a tsimane' village in lowland bolivia. at the stationary level, our analysis reveals that social exchange within the community is heterogen ... | 2013 | 25053880 |
| [determination method of linamarin in cassava products and beans by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry]. | a rapid and simple method using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (uhplc-ms/ms) was developed for the determination of linamarin in cassava products and beans containing cyanogen compounds. linamarin was extracted with acetonitrile-water (3 : 1) cleaned up using an amino solid-phase extraction cartridge, and then determined by uhplc-ms/ms. the recoveries from cassava fortified at the levels of 10 μg/g and 100 μg/g were 96.1% and 95.3%, respectively, and t ... | 2014 | 24990764 |
| impact of genotype and cooking style on the content, retention, and bioacessibility of β-carotene in biofortified cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) conventionally bred in brazil. | biofortification is a strategy for decreasing micronutrient deficiencies in vulnerable populations by increasing nutrient density in staple food crops. roots from five varieties of cassava biofortified with β-carotene (βc), three parental accessions, and one variety of commonly consumed white cassava from brazil were investigated. roots from biofortified varieties contained up to 23-fold higher βc than white cassava, and the additional complement of βc was primarily the all-trans isomer. at leas ... | 2014 | 24970565 |
| inter-retrotransposon-amplified polymorphism markers for germplasm characterization in manihot esculenta (euphorbiaceae). | manioc, manihot esculenta, is economically important in many tropical and subtropical countries. the genetic variability of the species has not been fully explored, and new information may help expand its use. molecular markers based on retrotransposons have good potential for analysis of genetic diversity given their abundance in the genome. eight long terminal repeat retrotransposons were selected for the development of inter-retrotransposon-amplified polymorphism markers. to test these primer ... | 2014 | 24938466 |
| spatial distribution of mercury and arsenic levels in water, soil and cassava plants in a community with long history of gold mining in tanzania. | this study examined the spatial distribution of total mercury (thg) and total arsenic (tas) in water, soil and cassava (manihot esculenta) (leaves and roots) samples taken from areas in rwamagasa village in northwestern tanzania where daily living activities occur in close proximity to extensive artisanal and small scale gold mining. results indicated that 33.3 % of the water sources had thg levels above the who guideline of 1.0 µg/l for safe drinking water, and 12.5 % had tas levels above 10 µg ... | 2014 | 24923470 |
| effect of feeding cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) root meal on growth performance, hydrocyanide intake and haematological parameters of broiler chicks. | the effect of feeding cassava root meal on growth performance, hydrocyanide intake, haematological indices and serum thiocyanate concentration of broiler chicks was investigated using 300-day-old male broilers. there were five dietary treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement of two processing methods of cassava root (peeled and unpeeled) included at two levels (100 and 200 g/kg) plus a control diet (maize-based diet, containing no cassava root). each treatment was replicated six ... | 2014 | 24913764 |
| a geographic distribution database of mononychellus mites (acari, tetranychidae) on cassava (manihot esculenta). | the genus mononychellus is represented by 28 herbivorous mites. some of them are notorious pests of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz), a primary food crop in the tropics. with the exception of mononychellus tanajoa (bondar), their geographic distribution is not widely known. this article therefore reports observational and specimen-based occurrence data of mononychellus species associated with cassava. the dataset consists of 1,513 distribution records documented by the international center for ... | 2014 | 24899828 |
| reprogramming of cassava (manihot esculenta) microspores towards sporophytic development. | gametes have the unique potential to enter the sporophytic pathway, called androgenesis. the plants produced are usually haploid and recombinant due to the preceding meiosis and they can double their chromosome number to form doubled haploids, which are completely homozygous. availability of the doubled haploids facilitates mapping the genes of agronomically important traits, shortening the time of the breeding process required to produce new hybrids and homozygous varieties, and saving the time ... | 2014 | 24887001 |
| large-scale proteomics of the cassava storage root and identification of a target gene to reduce postharvest deterioration. | cassava (manihot esculenta) is the most important root crop in the tropics, but rapid postharvest physiological deterioration (ppd) of the root is a major constraint to commercial cassava production. we established a reliable method for image-based ppd symptom quantification and used label-free quantitative proteomics to generate an extensive cassava root and ppd proteome. over 2600 unique proteins were identified in the cassava root, and nearly 300 proteins showed significant abundance regulati ... | 2014 | 24876255 |
| effect of natamycin, nisin and glycerol on the physicochemical properties, roughness and hydrophobicity of tapioca starch edible films. | in this paper, films based on tapioca starch and containing nisin, natamycin and glycerol were characterized in relation to their physicochemical properties, roughness and hydrophobicity. the content of glycerol affected the mechanical properties of the films studied and the roughness and it was observed an increase in wvp with the increase in glycerol content. the addition of antimicrobials affected the mechanical properties, being nisin the one that produced the greater decrease in the young m ... | 2014 | 24857495 |
| cloning, 3d modeling and expression analysis of three vacuolar invertase genes from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | vacuolar invertase is one of the key enzymes in sucrose metabolism that irreversibly catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose in plants. in this research, three vacuolar invertase genes, named mevinv1-3, and with 653, 660 and 639 amino acids, respectively, were cloned from cassava. the motifs of ndpng (β-fructosidase motif), rdp and wecvd, which are conserved and essential for catalytic activity in the vacuolar invertase family, were found in mevinv1 and mevinv2. meanwhile, in ... | 2014 | 24838076 |
| metabolomics combined with chemometric tools (pca, hca, pls-da and svm) for screening cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) roots during postharvest physiological deterioration. | cassava roots are an important source of dietary and industrial carbohydrates and suffer markedly from postharvest physiological deterioration (ppd). this paper deals with metabolomics combined with chemometric tools for screening the chemical and enzymatic composition in several genotypes of cassava roots during ppd. metabolome analyses showed increases in carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolics, reactive scavenging species, and enzymes (superoxide dismutase family, hydrogen peroxide, ... | 2014 | 24837923 |
| soil-to-root vegetable transfer factors for (226)ra, (232)th, (40)k, and (88)y in malaysia. | soil-to-plant transfer factors (tfs) are of fundamental importance in assessing the environmental impact due to the presence of radioactivity in soil and agricultural crops. tapioca and sweet potato, both root crops, are popular foodstuffs for a significant fraction of the malaysian population, and result in intake of radionuclides. for the natural field conditions experienced in production of these foodstuffs, tfs and the annual effective dose were evaluated for the natural radionuclides (226)r ... | 2014 | 24814722 |
| optical chemosensor for the detection of cyanide in water based on ethyl(hydroxyethyl)cellulose functionalized with brooker's merocyanine. | ethyl(hydroxyethyl)cellulose was functionalized with brooker's merocyanine. the modified polymer was easily transformed in a film, which could be used as a highly selective chromogenic and fluorogenic chemosensor for the detection of cyanide in water, with detection limits of 1.9 × 10(-5) and 1.0 × 10(-7) mol l(-1). the film was successfully applied to the detection of cyanide in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) roots, which are a well-known source of endogenous biological cyanide. | 2014 | 24805864 |
| sensorial evolution of cassava flour (manihot esculenta crantz) added to protein concentrate cassava leaves. | cassava is regarded as the nutritional base of populations in developing countries, and flour, product made of cassava, is the most consumed in the world. the cassava leaves are very rich in vegetable proteins, but a big amount is lost in processing the crop. the objective of this study was to do a sensory evaluation of cassava flour to which a protein concentrate obtained from cassava leaves (cpml) was added. the cpml was obtained from cassava leaves by isoelectric precipitation and added to ca ... | 2013 | 24804041 |
| improvement in the traditional processing method and nutritional quality of traditional extruded cassava-based snack (modified ajogun). | this study was carried out to investigate and improve the traditional processing method and nutritional quality of the traditional cassava snack (ajogun). cassava root (manihot esculenta crantz l.) of tme 419 variety was processed into mash (40% moisture content). the cassava mash was mixed into different blends to produce fried traditional "ajogun", fried and baked extrudates (modified ajogun) as snacks. these products were analyzed to determine the proximate composition including carbohydrate, ... | 2013 | 24804039 |
| genome-wide identification, 3d modeling, expression and enzymatic activity analysis of cell wall invertase gene family from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | the cell wall invertases play a crucial role on the sucrose metabolism in plant source and sink organs. in this research, six cell wall invertase genes (mecwinv1-6) were cloned from cassava. all the mecwinvs contain a putative signal peptide with a predicted extracellular location. the overall predicted structures of the mecwinv1-6 are similar to atcwinv1. their n-terminus domain forms a β-propeller module and three conserved sequence domains (ndpng, rdp and wecp(v)d), in which the catalytic res ... | 2014 | 24786092 |
| dietary sources of fiber intake in brazil. | the objective of this study was to estimate the household availability of fibers in brazil and to identify the dietary sources of this nutrient. data from the 2008-2009 household budget survey were used to estimate national household availability and density of fibers and also according to stratifications defined by income level, five regions and area (rural or urban). the contribution of the different food groups, classified by the nature, extent and purpose of processing, to total fibers avail ... | 2014 | 24769296 |
| comparison of leaf proteomes of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) cultivar nz199 diploid and autotetraploid genotypes. | cassava polyploid breeding has drastically improved our knowledge on increasing root yield and its significant tolerance to stresses. in polyploid cassava plants, increases in dna content highly affect cell volumes and anatomical structures. however, the mechanism of this effect is poorly understood. the purpose of the present study was to compare and validate the changes between cassava cultivar nz199 diploid and autotetraploid at proteomic levels. the results showed that leaf proteome of cassa ... | 2014 | 24727655 |
| aspergillus 6v4, a strain isolated from manipueira, produces high amylases levels by using wheat bran as a substrate. | the aim of this study was screening fungi strains, isolated from manipueira (a liquid subproduct obtained from the flour production of manihot esculenta), for amylases production and investigating production of these enzymes by the strain aspergillus 6v4. the fungi isolated from manipueira belonged to ascomycota phylum. the strain aspergillus 6v4 was the best amylase producer in the screening assay of starch hydrolysis in petri dishes (ashpd) and in the assay in submerged fermentation (asbf). th ... | 2014 | 24724017 |
| slow glucose release property of enzyme-synthesized highly branched maltodextrins differs among starch sources. | seven types of starch (waxy corn, normal corn, waxy rice, normal rice, waxy potato, normal potato, and tapioca) were selected to produce slowly digestible maltodextrins by enzymatic modification using a previously developed procedure. branching enzyme (be) alone and in combination with β-amylase (ba) were used to increase the amount of α-1,6 branching points, which are slowly hydrolyzed by mucosal α-glucosidases in the small intestine. the enzymatic treatments of all starches resulted in a reduc ... | 2014 | 24702934 |
| use of pcr-dhplc with fluorescence detection for the characterization of the bacterial diversity during cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) fermentation. | denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (dhplc) has been described as a suitable method to study dna polymorphisms. here, cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) fermentation liquor was examined using dhplc analysis to characterize the bacterial diversity during the fermentation process. gc-clamped amplicons corresponding to a variable region of the bacterial community 16s rdna were synthesized using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and then resolved on a base-composition basis using prepara ... | 2014 | 24634228 |
| reference values of lead in blood and related factors among blood donors in the western amazon, brazil. | the aim of this study was to (1) determine the reference value of blood lead levels (bll) in a sample of blood donors of rio branco, the capital city of acre, in the western brazilian amazon, and (2) explore factors influencing lead (pb) exposure levels. between 2010 and 2011, blood samples were collected from universal blood donors attending the central hemotherapic unit in rio branco with a total number of 1196. information on characteristics of 1183 donors was obtained through questionnaires. ... | 2014 | 24627997 |
| development of cassava periclinal chimera may boost production. | plant periclinal chimeras are genotypic mosaics arranged concentrically. trials to produce them to combine different species have been done, but pratical results have not been achieved. we report for the second time the development of a very productive interspecific periclinal chimera in cassava. it has very large edible roots up to 14 kg per plant at one year old compared to 2-3 kg in common varieties. the epidermal tissue formed was from manihot esculenta cultivar unb 032, and the subepidermal ... | 2014 | 24615046 |
| characterization of modified tapioca starch solutions and their sprays for high temperature coating applications. | the objective of the research was to understand and improve the unusual physical and atomization properties of the complexes/adhesives derived from the tapioca starch by addition of borate and urea. the characterization of physical properties of the synthesized adhesives was carried out by determining the effect of temperature, shear rate, and mass concentration of thickener/stabilizer on the complex viscosity, density, and surface tension. in later stage, phenomenological analyses of spray jet ... | 2014 | 24592165 |
| tapioca melanoma of the iris without iris heterochromia. | a case of a teenage girl with tapioca melanoma of the iris is presented. this case is unusual, as the patient did not have heterochromia and did not present with elevated intraocular pressure. | 2014 | 24584308 |
| modification of tapioca starch by non-chemical route using jet atmospheric argon plasma. | non-chemical modification of tapioca starch was investigated using jet atmospheric argon plasma treatment. two forms of starch slurry, i.e. granular starch (g) and cooked starch (c), were jet-treated by argon plasma generated by supplying input power of 50 w (denoted as g50 and c50 samples) and 100 w (denoted as g100 and c100 samples) for 5 min. physical, rheological, and structural characteristics of the modified starch were investigated. the g50 and c100 samples had lower paste clarity but hig ... | 2014 | 24507348 |
| xanthan from sulphuric acid treated tapioca pulp: influence of acid concentration on xanthan fermentation. | xanthan gum was produced by fermentation of sulphuric acid pre-treated tapioca pulp. effect of sulphuric acid concentration (0.5%, 2.5% and 5.0%) on xanthan fermentation was investigated. maximum xanthan yield (7.1g/l) was obtained with 0.5% sulphuric acid pre-treatment. further, increase in sulphuric acid concentration caused formation of inhibitory substance and lowered xanthan yield. the product was confirmed as xanthan using ftir, (1)h nmr analyses. viscosity was measured by brookfield visco ... | 2014 | 24507334 |
| brazil's staple food and incident diabetes. | the aim of this study was to investigate the association of brazil's staple food, rice, beans and manioc, and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus type 2 (t2dm) in adults assisted by a brazilian family doctor program (fdp). | 2014 | 24484685 |
| effects of solid content and temperature on viscosity of tapioca meal. | the effect of solid content (2.5-10%, w/v) and temperature (30-70°c) on the viscosity of tapioca meal from three cassava varieties was investigated in this study. viscosity measurements were conducted using a digital rotational brookfield viscometer. the viscosity of tapioca meal increased with increasing solid content and decreasing viscometer speeds. an empirical power-law equation fitted the viscosity data of the tapioca meals with correlation coefficients between 0.94 and 0.99. our results i ... | 2013 | 24425955 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a cassava translationally controlled tumor protein gene potentially related to salt stress response. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is one of the most important tropical crops showing tolerance to abiotic stress and adaptations to a wide range of environmental conditions. here, we aimed to isolate and characterize the full-length cdna and genomic sequences of a cassava translationally controlled tumor protein gene (metctp), and evaluate its potential role in response to salt stress. the metctp full-length cdna sequence encodes for a deduced protein with 168 amino acid residues, with theoret ... | 2014 | 24413992 |
| domain c of thermostable α-amylase of geobacillus thermoleovorans mediates raw starch adsorption. | the gene (1,542 bp) encoding thermostable ca(2+)-independent and raw starch hydrolyzing α-amylase of the extremely thermophilic bacterium geobacillus thermoleovorans encodes for a protein of 50 kda (gt-amyii) with 488 amino acids. the enzyme is optimally active at ph 7.0 and 60 °c with a t 1/2 of 19.4 h at 60 and 4 h at 70 °c. gt-amyii hydrolyses corn and tapioca raw starches efficiently and therefore finds application in starch saccharification at industrial sub-gelatinisation temperatures. the ... | 2014 | 24413972 |
| isolation and characterization of three cassava elongation factor 1 alpha (meef1a) promoters. | in plant genetic engineering, the identification of gene promoters leading to particular expression patterns is crucial for the development of new genetically modified plant generations. this research was conducted in order to isolate and characterize several new promoters from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) elongation factor 1 alpha (ef1a) gene family.three promoters meef1a3, meef1a5 and meef1a6 were successfully isolated [corrected]. sequence analyses showed that all of the promoters conta ... | 2014 | 24404183 |
| cyanide and aflatoxin loads of processed cassava (manihot esculenta) tubers (garri) in njaba, imo state, nigeria. | the present study sought to investigate the role of palm oil, in conjunction with the duration of fermentation, on cyanide and aflatoxin (aft) loads of processed cassava tubers (garri). | 2013 | 24403736 |
| phytic acid in green leaves. | phytic acid or phytate, the free-acid form of myo-inositolhexakiphosphate, is abundant in many seeds and fruits, where it represents the major storage form of phosphorus. although also known from other plant tissues, available reports on the occurrence of phytic acid, e.g. in leaves, have never been compiled, nor have they been critically reviewed. we found 45 published studies with information on phytic acid content in leaves. phytic acid was almost always detected when studies specifically tri ... | 2014 | 24341824 |
| identification of cassava micrornas under abiotic stress. | the study of micrornas (mirnas) in plants has gained significant attention in recent years due to their regulatory role during development and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. although cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is tolerant to drought and other adverse conditions, most cassava mirnas have been predicted using bioinformatics alone or through sequencing of plants challenged by biotic stress. here, we use high-throughput sequencing and different bioinformatics methods to identify ... | 2013 | 24328029 |
| effect of cross-linking on physicochemical properties of tapioca starch and its application in soup product. | physicochemical properties of cross-linked tapioca starch (clts) with different cross-linking levels and their application as a thickening agent in soups were studied. the clts was prepared by cross-linking native tapioca starch suspended in alkaline solution (41.67% (w/w), ph 11) using a mixture (99:1 (w/w) ratio) of sodium trimetaphosphate (stmp) and sodium tripolyphosphate (stpp) at different concentrations ranged from 0.25% to 6.0% (w/w of starch) at 45°c for 3h. starch paste clarity decreas ... | 2014 | 24299823 |
| degradation behavior of biocomposites based on cassava starch buried under indoor soil conditions. | degradation of cassava (tapioca) starch based composite films during indoor soil burial experiments was analyzed using five factors, three levels box-behnken response surface design. from the results, it was observed that, increased water sorption promotes the entry of soil microorganism and it utilizes the starch films as a source of energy for their growth. the reduction in weight and mechanical property was associated with preferential loss of matrix components of the films. the microorganism ... | 2014 | 24299744 |
| physicochemical properties of granular and non-granular cationic starches prepared under ultra high pressure. | granular and non-granular cationic starches were prepared through the reaction of tapioca and corn starches with 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (etmac) using conventional and ultra high pressure (uhp)-assisted reactions. the cationic starches were characterized with respect to morphology, degree of substitution (ds), ft-ir, (13)c nmr, x-ray diffraction pattern, solubility and swelling power, pasting viscosity, and flocculating activity. non-granular (relative to granular) cationic s ... | 2014 | 24274522 |
| comparison of ambient solvent extraction methods for the analysis of fatty acids in non-starch lipids of flour and starch. | lipids are minor components of flours, but are major determinants of baking properties and end-product quality. to the best of our knowledge, there is no single solvent system currently known that efficiently extracts all non-starch lipids from all flours without the risk of chemical, mechanical or thermal damage. this paper compares nine ambient solvent systems (monophasic and biphasic) with varying polarities: bligh and dyer (bd); modified bligh and dyer using hcl (bdhcl); modified bd using na ... | 2014 | 24132804 |
| flow, packing and compaction properties of novel coprocessed multifunctional directly compressible excipients prepared from tapioca starch and mannitol. | novel multifunctional excipients were prepared by coprocessing tapioca starch with mannitol using two methods viz; co-grinding and co-fusion. the flow, packing and compaction properties of the native and novel excipients were evaluated by using density, hausner's ratio, angle of repose, the maximum volume reduction, consolidation index, the rate of consolidation, angle of internal friction, morphological properties, heckel analysis, tensile strength and dilution potential as evaluation parameter ... | 2014 | 24089696 |
| treatment of tapioca starch wastewater by a novel combination of physical and biological processes. | a pilot plant combining dissolved air flotation, anaerobic degradation in an expanded granular sludge bed (egsb) reactor and aerobic post-treatment in a vertical flow constructed wetland has been used to treat tapioca starch wastewater for more than 2.25 years. it is demonstrated that organic matter (chemical oxygen demand by >98%), nitrogen (kjeldahl-n by >90%) and cyanide (total cyanide by >99%) can be removed very efficiently under stable operating conditions. the removal efficiency for phosp ... | 2013 | 24056422 |
| effect of granular characteristics on pasting properties of starch blends. | pasting and morphology properties of starch blends composed of waxy (waxy rice and waxy corn) and non-waxy (normal corn, tapioca and potato) starches at various ratios were investigated for elucidating effect of granular characteristics on pasting of blends. pasting profiles of blends were between those of the component starches alone, while the changes varied with starch source. results reveal obvious water competition during pasting for blends composed of waxy starch and highly swelling non-wa ... | 2013 | 24053839 |
| whole genome duplication events in plant evolution reconstructed and predicted using myosin motor proteins. | the evolution of land plants is characterized by whole genome duplications (wgd), which drove species diversification and evolutionary novelties. detecting these events is especially difficult if they date back to the origin of the plant kingdom. established methods for reconstructing wgds include intra- and inter-genome comparisons, ks age distribution analyses, and phylogenetic tree constructions. | 2013 | 24053117 |
| genome-wide discovery and information resource development of dna polymorphisms in cassava. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is an important crop that provides food security and income generation in many tropical countries, and is known for its adaptability to various environmental conditions. its draft genome sequence and many expressed sequence tags are now publicly available, allowing the development of cassava polymorphism information. here, we describe the genome-wide discovery of cassava dna polymorphisms. using the alignment of predicted transcribed sequences from the cassava ... | 2013 | 24040164 |
| a milestone in the doubled haploid pathway of cassava: a milestone in the doubled haploid pathway of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz): cellular and molecular assessment of anther-derived structures. | this study was aimed at inducing androgenesis in cultured anthers of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) to develop a protocol for the production of doubled haploids. microspore reprogramming was induced in cassava by cold or heat stress of anthers. since the anthers contain both haploid microspores and diploid somatic cells, it was essential to verify the origin of anther-derived calli. the origin of anther-derived calli was assessed by morphological screening followed by histological analysis a ... | 2014 | 24026343 |
| the evolutionary fate of phenotypic plasticity and functional traits under domestication in manioc: changes in stem biomechanics and the appearance of stem brittleness. | domestication can influence many functional traits in plants, from overall life-history and growth form to wood density and cell wall ultrastructure. such changes can increase fitness of the domesticate in agricultural environments but may negatively affect survival in the wild. we studied effects of domestication on stem biomechanics in manioc by comparing domesticated and ancestral wild taxa from two different regions of greater amazonia. we compared mechanical properties, tissue organisation ... | 2013 | 24023960 |
| impact on molecular organization of amylopectin in starch granules upon annealing. | this study investigated the influence of the internal structure of amylopectin on annealing (3h, 24h) of starches from four different types of amylopectin (bertoft, koch, & aman, 2012; bertoft, piyachomkwan, chatakanonda, & sriroth, 2008). regardless of the starch source and incubation time, annealing significantly increased the onset gelatinization temperature (to) and narrowed and deepened the amylopectin endotherm. however, the extent of the change in the melting temperature (tm) and the enth ... | 2013 | 23987446 |
| food safety: importance of composition for assessing genetically modified cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | the importance of food composition in safety assessments of genetically modified (gm) food is described for cassava ( manihot esculenta crantz) that naturally contains significantly high levels of cyanogenic glycoside (cg) toxicants in roots and leaves. the assessment of the safety of gm cassava would logically require comparison with a non-gm crop with a proven "history of safe use". this study investigates this statement for cassava. a non-gm comparator that qualifies would be a processed prod ... | 2013 | 23899040 |
| molecular evolution and functional divergence of soluble starch synthase genes in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | soluble starch synthases (sss) are major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in plants. cassava starch has many remarkable characteristics, which should be influenced by the evolution of ss genes in this starchy root crop. in this work, we performed a comprehensive phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of the soluble starch synthases in cassava. genome-wide identification showed that there are 9 genes encoding soluble starch synthases in cassava. all of the soluble starch synthases encoded ... | 2013 | 23888108 |
| most consumed foods in brazil: national dietary survey 2008-2009. | to describe the most commonly consumed foods in brazil. | 2013 | 23703263 |
| neurotoxic effect of linamarin in rats associated with cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) consumption. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a plant widely used for food consumption in different processed products in rural areas of africa, asia, and latin america. cassava is a good source of carbohydrates and micronutrients. however, if it is not adequately processed or the consumer has nutritional deficiencies, then its cyanogenic glycoside (i.e., linamarin and lotaustralin) content makes it potentially neurotoxic. in the present study, the neurotoxic effects of different concentrations of linam ... | 2013 | 23778051 |
| antioxidant capacity, total phenolics and nutritional content in selected ethiopian staple food ingredients. | the total antioxidant capacity, total phenolics content (tpc) and nutritional content of five types of enset (enset ventricosum) flour in comparison with four staples (teff [eragrostis tef], wheat, corn and tapioca) were evaluated. teff, corn and "amicho" (corm of enset) had the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power (frap). the frap and tpc of teff (1.8 mmol trolox equivalence/100 g dry matter (dm) and 123.6 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g dm, respectively) were over 4-fold larger than the l ... | 2013 | 23777527 |
| effects of boiling and frying on the bioaccessibility of beta-carotene in yellow-fleshed cassava roots (manihot esculenta crantz cv. brs jari). | the effects of boiling and frying on the bioaccessibility of all-trans-beta-carotene in biofortified brs jari cassava roots have not been investigated, although these are conventional methods of cassava preparation. | 2013 | 23767282 |
| glutamic acid-rich proteins in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) storage roots. | | 2013 | 23744824 |
| utilization of unpeeled cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) root meal supplemented with or without charcoal by broiler chickens. | a 42-day feeding trial was conducted using 480-day-old, male marshall broilers to study the utilization of unpeeled cassava root meal (ucrm) supplemented with or without 6 g/kg charcoal. the experimental design was laid out in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments having three inclusion levels of ucrm (0, 100 and 200 g/kg) with or without 6 g/kg charcoal supplementation. each treatment consisted of 80 birds replicated eight times with 10 birds per replicate. main effect of inclusion level ... | 2014 | 23721067 |