| rice immune regulator, ospti1a, is specifically phosphorylated at the plasma membrane. | ospti1a (pto-interacting protein 1a) has important roles in the regulation of immune responses in rice. phosphorylation of a conserved threonine in ospti1a is necessary to activate defense responses; however, the regulatory mechanism of ospti1a-mediated immune responses is still obscure. recently, we revealed that ospti1a forms protein complex(es) at the plasma membrane and this localization is required for its function. here, we show that membrane-localized ospti1a was selectively phosphorylate ... | 2015 | 25738428 |
| upstream regulatory architecture of rice genes: summarizing the baseline towards genus-wide comparative analysis of regulatory networks and allele mining. | dissecting the upstream regulatory architecture of rice genes and their cognate regulator proteins is at the core of network biology and its applications to comparative functional genomics. with the rapidly advancing comparative genomics resources in the genus oryza, a reference genome annotation that defines the various cis-elements and trans-acting factors that interface each gene locus with various intrinsic and extrinsic signals for growth, development, reproduction and adaptation must be es ... | 2015 | 25844119 |
| the rhogap spin6 associates with spl11 and osrac1 and negatively regulates programmed cell death and innate immunity in rice. | the ubiquitin proteasome system in plants plays important roles in plant-microbe interactions and in immune responses to pathogens. we previously demonstrated that the rice u-box e3 ligase spl11 and its arabidopsis ortholog pub13 negatively regulate programmed cell death (pcd) and defense response. however, the components involved in the spl11/pub13-mediated pcd and immune signaling pathway remain unknown. in this study, we report that spl11-interacting protein 6 (spin6) is a rho gtpase-activati ... | 2015 | 25658451 |
| pseudo-backcrossing design for rapidly pyramiding multiple traits into a preferential rice variety. | pyramiding multiple genes into a desirable genetic background can take years to accomplish. in this paper, a pseudo-backcrossing scheme was designed to shorten the backcrossing cycle needed. pink3, an aromatic and potentially high-yielding rice variety-although one that is intolerant to flash flooding (sub) and susceptible to bacterial leaf blight (bb), leaf-neck blast (bl) and the brown planthopper (bph)-was used as a genetic basis for significant improvements through gene pyramiding. | 2015 | 25844112 |
| genomic analysis of hybrid rice varieties reveals numerous superior alleles that contribute to heterosis. | exploitation of heterosis is one of the most important applications of genetics in agriculture. however, the genetic mechanisms of heterosis are only partly understood, and a global view of heterosis from a representative number of hybrid combinations is lacking. here we develop an integrated genomic approach to construct a genome map for 1,495 elite hybrid rice varieties and their inbred parental lines. we investigate 38 agronomic traits and identify 130 associated loci. in-depth analyses of th ... | 2015 | 25651972 |
| the wrky45-2 wrky13 wrky42 transcriptional regulatory cascade is required for rice resistance to fungal pathogen. | blast caused by fungal magnaporthe oryzae is a devastating disease of rice (oryza sativa) worldwide, and this fungus also infects barley (hordeum vulgare). at least 11 rice wrky transcription factors have been reported to regulate rice response to m. oryzae either positively or negatively. however, the relationships of these wrkys in the rice defense signaling pathway against m. oryzae are unknown. previous studies have revealed that rice wrky13 (as a transcriptional repressor) and wrky45-2 enha ... | 2015 | 25624395 |
| a receptor like kinase gene with expressional responsiveness on xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is essential for xa21-mediated disease resistance. | leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (lrr-rlks) represent a large class of proteins in regulating plant development and immunity. the lrr-rlk xa21 confers resistance to the bacterial disease caused by the pathogen of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). several xa21 binding proteins have been characterized, however the early events governing xa21 signaling have not been fully elucidated. | 2015 | 26054238 |
| pathogen effectors and plant immunity determine specialization of the blast fungus to rice subspecies. | understanding how fungi specialize on their plant host is crucial for developing sustainable disease control. a traditional, centuries-old rice agro-system of the yuanyang terraces was used as a model to show that virulence effectors of the rice blast fungus magnaporthe oryzaeh play a key role in its specialization on locally grown indica or japonica local rice subspecies. our results have indicated that major differences in several components of basal immunity and effector-triggered immunity of ... | 2016 | 28008850 |
| root transcriptome of two contrasting indica rice cultivars uncovers regulators of root development and physiological responses. | the huge variation in root system architecture (rsa) among different rice (oryza sativa) cultivars is conferred by their genetic makeup and different growth or climatic conditions. unlike model plant arabidopsis, the molecular basis of such variation in rsa is very poorly understood in rice. cultivars with stable variation are valuable resources for identification of genes involved in rsa and related physiological traits. we have screened for rsa and identified two such indica rice cultivars, ir ... | 2016 | 28000793 |
| targeting the atcwin1 gene to explore the role of invertases in sucrose transport in roots and during botrytis cinerea infection. | cell wall invertases (cwin) cleave sucrose into glucose and fructose in the apoplast. cwins are key regulators of carbon partitioning and source/sink relationships during growth, development and under biotic stresses. in this report, we monitored the expression/activity of arabidopsis cell wall invertases in organs behaving as source, sink, or subjected to a source/sink transition after infection with the necrotrophic fungus botrytis cinerea. we showed that organs with different source/sink stat ... | 2016 | 28066461 |
| back into the wild-apply untapped genetic diversity of wild relatives for crop improvement. | deleterious effects of climate change and human activities, as well as diverse environmental stresses, present critical challenges to food production and the maintenance of natural diversity. these challenges may be met by the development of novel crop varieties with increased biotic or abiotic resistance that enables them to thrive in marginal lands. however, considering the diverse interactions between crops and environmental factors, it is surprising that evolutionary principles have been und ... | 2016 | 28035232 |
| characterization of the cytokinin-responsive transcriptome in rice. | cytokinin activates transcriptional cascades important for development and the responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. most of what is known regarding cytokinin-regulated gene expression comes from studies of the dicotyledonous plant arabidopsis thaliana. to expand the understanding of the cytokinin-regulated transcriptome, we employed rna-seq to analyze gene expression in response to cytokinin in roots and shoots of the monocotyledonous plant rice. | 2016 | 27931185 |
| localization and transcriptional responses of chrysoporthe austroafricana in eucalyptus grandis identify putative pathogenicity factors. | chrysoporthe austroafricana is a fungal pathogen that causes the development of stem cankers on susceptible eucalyptus grandis trees. clones of e. grandis that are partially resistant and highly susceptible have been identified based on the extent of lesion formation on the stem upon inoculation with c. austroafricana. these interactions have been used as a model pathosystem to enhance our understanding of interactions between pathogenic fungi and woody hosts, which may be different to herbaceou ... | 2016 | 28008326 |
| novel groups and unique distribution of phage phoh genes in paddy waters in northeast china. | although bacteriophages are ubiquitous in various environments, their genetic diversity is primarily investigated in pelagic marine environments. corresponding studies in terrestrial environments are few. in this study, we conducted the first survey of phage diversity in the paddy ecosystem by targeting a new viral biomarker gene, phoh. a total of 424 phoh sequences were obtained from four paddy waters generated from a pot experiment with different soils collected from open paddy fields in north ... | 2016 | 27910929 |
| transcriptome analysis confers a complex disease resistance network in wild rice oryza meyeriana against xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | rice bacterial blight (bb), caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), is one of the devastating diseases of rice. it is well established that the wild rice oryza meyeriana is immune to bb. in this study, the transcriptomic analysis was carried out by rna sequencing of o. meyeriana leaves, inoculated with xoo to understand the transcriptional responses and interaction between the host and pathogen. totally, 57,313 unitranscripts were de novo assembled from 58.7 gb clean reads and 14,143 unit ... | 2016 | 27905546 |
| genome-editing technologies for enhancing plant disease resistance. | one of the greatest challenges for agricultural science in the 21st century is to improve yield stability through the progressive development of superior cultivars. the increasing numbers of infectious plant diseases that are caused by plant-pathogens make it ever more necessary to develop new strategies for plant disease resistance breeding. targeted genome engineering allows the introduction of precise modifications directly into a commercial variety, offering a viable alternative to tradition ... | 2016 | 27990151 |
| marker-assisted breeding of the rice restorer line wanhui 6725 for disease resistance, submergence tolerance and aromatic fragrance. | rice is a staple food crop in the world. with the increase in world population and economic development, farmers need to produce more rice in limited field. however, the rice production is frequently affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. the use of natural disease resistance and stress tolerance through genetic breeding is the most efficient and economical way to combat or acclimate to these stresses. in addition, rice with aromatic fragrance can significantly increase market value for its go ... | 2016 | 27905090 |
| modeling rice metabolism: from elucidating environmental effects on cellular phenotype to guiding crop improvement. | crop productivity is severely limited by various biotic and abiotic stresses. thus, it is highly needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of environmental stress response and tolerance in plants, which could be addressed by systems biology approach. to this end, high-throughput omics profiling and in silico modeling can be considered to explore the environmental effects on phenotypic states and metabolic behaviors of rice crops at the systems level. especially, the advent of constraint-bas ... | 2016 | 27965696 |
| clinical and genomic analysis of liver abscess-causing klebsiella pneumoniae identifies new liver abscess-associated virulence genes. | hypervirulent variants of klebsiella pneumoniae (hvkp) that cause invasive community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess (pla) have emerged globally. little is known about the virulence determinants associated with hvkp, except for the virulence genes rmpa/a2 and siderophores (irobcd/iucabcd) carried by the pk2044-like large virulence plasmid. here, we collected most recent clinical isolates of hvkp from pla samples in china, and performed clinical, molecular, and genomic sequencing analyses. we fou ... | 2016 | 27965935 |
| two trichome birefringence-like proteins mediate xylan acetylation, which is essential for leaf blight resistance in rice. | acetylation is a ubiquitous modification on cell wall polymers, which play a structural role in plant growth and stress defenses. however, the mechanisms for how crop plants accomplish cell wall polymer o-acetylation are largely unknown. here, we report on the isolation and characterization of two trichome birefringence-like (tbl) mutants in rice (oryza sativa), which are affected in xylan o-acetylation. ostbl1 and ostbl2 single mutant and the tbl1 tbl2 double mutant displayed a stunted growth p ... | 2016 | 27864442 |
| two trichome birefringence-like proteins mediate xylan acetylation, which is essential for leaf blight resistance in rice. | acetylation is a ubiquitous modification on cell wall polymers, which play a structural role in plant growth and stress defenses. however, the mechanisms for how crop plants accomplish cell wall polymer o-acetylation are largely unknown. here, we report on the isolation and characterization of two trichome birefringence-like (tbl) mutants in rice (oryza sativa), which are affected in xylan o-acetylation. ostbl1 and ostbl2 single mutant and the tbl1 tbl2 double mutant displayed a stunted growth p ... | 2016 | 27864442 |
| interfering tal effectors of xanthomonas oryzae neutralize r-gene-mediated plant disease resistance. | plant pathogenic bacteria of the genus xanthomonas possess transcription activator-like effectors (tales) that activate transcription of disease susceptibility genes in the host, inducing a state of disease. here we report that some isolates of the rice pathogen xanthomonas oryzae use truncated versions of tales (which we term interfering tales, or itales) to overcome disease resistance. in comparison with typical tales, itales lack a transcription activation domain but retain nuclear localizati ... | 2016 | 27811915 |
| characterization of the verticillium dahliae exoproteome involves in pathogenicity from cotton-containing medium. | verticillium wilt, caused by the verticillium dahliae phytopathogen, is a devastating disease affecting many economically important crops. previous studies have shown that the exoproteome of v. dahliae plays a significant role in this pathogenic process, but the components and mechanisms that underlie this remain unclear. in this study, the exoproteome of v. dahliae was induced in a cotton-containing c'zapek-dox (ccd) medium and quantified using the high-throughput isobaric tag technique for rel ... | 2016 | 27840627 |
| suppression of xo1-mediated disease resistance in rice by a truncated, non-dna-binding tal effector of xanthomonas oryzae. | delivered into plant cells by type iii secretion from pathogenic xanthomonas species, tal (transcription activator-like) effectors are nuclear-localized, dna-binding proteins that directly activate specific host genes. targets include genes important for disease, genes that confer resistance, and genes inconsequential to the host-pathogen interaction. tal effector specificity is encoded by polymorphic repeats of 33-35 amino acids that interact one-to-one with nucleotides in the recognition site. ... | 2016 | 27790231 |
| effect of methyl salicylate (mesa), an elicitor on growth, physiology and pathology of resistant and susceptible rice varieties. | methyl salicylate (mesa) is a volatile organic compound synthesized from salicylic acid (sa) a plant hormone that helps to fight against plant disease. seed treatment with mesa, is an encouraging method to the seed industry to produce more growth and yield. the aim of our study is to find out the growth, development and disease tolerance of rice seed treated with different concentrations of mesa. also the seed treatments were studied to determine whether they directly influenced seedling emergen ... | 2016 | 27725719 |
| the xp10 bacteriophage protein p7 inhibits transcription by the major and major variant forms of the host rna polymerase via a common mechanism. | the σ factor is a functionally obligatory subunit of the bacterial transcription machinery, the rna polymerase. bacteriophage-encoded small proteins that either modulate or inhibit the bacterial rnap to allow the temporal regulation of bacteriophage gene expression often target the activity of the major bacterial σ factor, σ(70). previously, we showed that during xanthomonas oryzae phage xp10 infection, the phage protein p7 inhibits the host rnap by preventing the productive engagement with the ... | 2016 | 27515396 |
| members of wrky group iii transcription factors are important in tylcv defense signaling pathway in tomato (solanum lycopersicum). | transmitted by the whitefly bemisia tabaci, tomato yellow leaf curly virus (tylcv) has posed serious threats to plant growth and development. plant innate immune systems against various threats involve wrky group iii transcription factors (tfs). this group participates as a major component of biological processes in plants. | 2016 | 27717312 |
| mutation of the rice xa21 predicted nuclear localization sequence does not affect resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | the rice receptor kinase xa21 confers robust resistance to the bacterial pathogen xanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae(xoo). we previously reported that xa21 is cleaved in transgenic plants overexpressing xa21 with a gfp tag (ubi-xa21-gfp) and that the released c-terminal domain is localized to the nucleus. xa21 carries a predicted nuclear localization sequence (nls) that directs the c-terminal domain to the nucleus in transient assays, whereas alanine substitutions in the nls disrupt the nuclear locali ... | 2016 | 27761320 |
| xa21-specific induction of stress-related genes following xanthomonas infection of detached rice leaves. | the rice xa21 receptor kinase confers robust resistance to the bacterial pathogen xanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae (xoo). we developed a detached leaf infection assay to quickly and reliably measure activation of the xa21-mediated immune response using genetic markers. we used rna sequencing of elf18 treated efr:xa21:gfp plants to identify candidate genes that could serve as markers for xa21 activation. from this analysis, we identified eight genes that are up-regulated in both in elf18 treated efr: ... | 2016 | 27703843 |
| sucrose transporter zmsut1 expression and localization uncover new insights into sucrose phloem loading. | sucrose transporters (suts) translocate sucrose (suc) across cellular membranes, and in eudicots, multiple suts are known to function in suc phloem loading in leaves. in maize (zea mays), the sucrose transporter1 (zmsut1) gene has been implicated in suc phloem loading based upon rna expression in leaves, electrophysiological experiments, and phenotypic analysis of zmsut1 mutant plants. however, no previous studies have examined the cellular expression of zmsut1 rna or the subcellular localizatio ... | 2016 | 27621426 |
| two different transcripts of a lammer kinase gene play opposite roles in disease resistance. | alternative splicing of genes can increase protein diversity and affect mrna stability. genome-wide transcriptome sequencing has demonstrated that alternative splicing occurs in a large number of intron-containing genes of different species. however, despite the phenomenon having been known for decades, it is largely unknown how the alternatively spliced transcripts function differently. here, we report that two alternatively spliced transcripts of the rice (oryza sativa) lammer kinase gene osdr ... | 2016 | 27621422 |
| 3'-nadp and 3'-naadp - two metabolites formed by the bacterial type iii effector avrrxo1. | an arsenal of effector proteins is injected by bacterial pathogens into the host cell or its vicinity to increase virulence. the commonly used top-down approaches inferring the toxic mechanism of individual effector proteins from the host's phenotype are often impeded by multiple targets of different effectors as well as by their pleiotropic effects. here we describe our bottom-up approach, showing that the bacterial type iii effector avrrxo1 of plant pathogens is an authentic phosphotransferase ... | 2016 | 27621317 |
| inhibitory activity of monoacylglycerols on biofilm formation in aeromonas hydrophila, streptococcus mutans, xanthomonas oryzae, and yersinia enterocolitica. | biofilm provides a bacterial hiding place by forming a physical barrier and causing physiological changes in cells. the elimination of biofilm is the main goal of hygiene. chemicals that are inhibitory to biofilm formation have been developed for use in food, personal hygiene products, and medical instruments. monoacylglycerols are recognized as safe and are used in food as emulsifiers. in this study, the inhibitory activity of monoacylglycerols on bacterial biofilm formation was evaluated syste ... | 2016 | 27652099 |
| rnaseq transcriptional profiling following whip development in sugarcane smut disease. | sugarcane smut disease is caused by the biotrophic fungus sporisorium scitamineum. the disease is characterized by the development of a whip-like structure from the primary meristems, where billions of teliospores are produced. sugarcane smut also causes tillering and low sucrose and high fiber contents, reducing cane productivity. we investigated the biological events contributing to disease symptoms in a smut intermediate-resistant sugarcane genotype by examining the transcriptional profiles ( ... | 2016 | 27583836 |
| mutual interactions between aquaporins and membrane components. | in recent years, a number of studies have been focused on the structural evaluation of protein complexes in order to get mechanistic insights into how proteins communicate at the molecular level within the cell. specific sites of protein-aquaporin interaction have been evaluated and new forms of regulation of aquaporins described, based on these associations. heterotetramerizations of aquaporin isoforms are considered as novel regulatory mechanisms for plasma membrane (pips) and tonoplast (tips) ... | 2016 | 27625676 |
| rice ribosomal protein large subunit genes and their spatio-temporal and stress regulation. | ribosomal proteins (rps) are well-known for their role in mediating protein synthesis and maintaining the stability of the ribosomal complex, which includes small and large subunits. in the present investigation, in a genome-wide survey, we predicted that the large subunit of rice ribosomes is encoded by at least 123 genes including individual gene copies, distributed throughout the 12 chromosomes. we selected 34 candidate genes, each having 2-3 identical copies, for a detailed characterization ... | 2016 | 27605933 |
| updated rice kinase database rkd 2.0: enabling transcriptome and functional analysis of rice kinase genes. | protein kinases catalyze the transfer of a phosphate moiety from a phosphate donor to the substrate molecule, thus playing critical roles in cell signaling and metabolism. although plant genomes contain more than 1000 genes that encode kinases, knowledge is limited about the function of each of these kinases. a major obstacle that hinders progress towards kinase characterization is functional redundancy. to address this challenge, we previously developed the rice kinase database (rkd) that integ ... | 2016 | 27540739 |
| plant growth promotion and suppression of bacterial leaf blight in rice by inoculated bacteria. | the present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of rice rhizosphere associated antagonistic bacteria for growth promotion and disease suppression of bacterial leaf blight (blb). a total of 811 rhizospheric bacteria were isolated and screened against 3 prevalent strains of blb pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) of which five antagonistic bacteria, i.e., pseudomonas spp. e227, e233, rh323, serratia sp. rh269 and bacillus sp. rh219 showed antagonistic potential (zone of inhibiti ... | 2016 | 27532545 |
| the potential of using biotechnology to improve cassava: a review. | the importance of cassava as the fourth largest source of calories in the world requires that contributions of biotechnology to improving this crop, advances and current challenges, be periodically reviewed. plant biotechnology offers a wide range of opportunities that can help cassava become a better crop for a constantly changing world. we therefore review the state of knowledge on the current use of biotechnology applied to cassava cultivars and its implications for breeding the crop into the ... | 2016 | 27818605 |
| comparative transcriptome profiling of resistant and susceptible rice genotypes in response to the seedborne pathogen fusarium fujikuroi. | fusarium fujikuroi is the causal agent of bakanae, the most significant seed-borne disease of rice. molecular mechanisms regulating defence responses of rice towards this fungus are not yet fully known. to identify transcriptional mechanisms underpinning rice resistance, a rna-seq comparative transcriptome profiling was conducted on infected seedlings of selected rice genotypes at one and three weeks post germination (wpg). | 2016 | 27515776 |
| development of gene-pyramid lines of the elite restorer line, rphr-1005 possessing durable bacterial blight and blast resistance. | rphr-1005, the stable restorer line of the popular medium slender (ms) grain type rice hybrid, drrh-3 was improved in this study for resistance against bacterial blight (bb) and blast diseases through marker-assisted backcross breeding (mabb). in this study, four major resistance genes (i.e., xa21 and xa33 for bb resistance and pi2 and pi54 for blast resistance) have been transferred to rphr-1005 using rpbio patho-1 (possessing xa21 + pi2), rpbio patho-2 (possessing xa21 + pi54) and fbr1-15em (p ... | 2016 | 27555861 |
| plant senescence and proteolysis: two processes with one destiny. | senescence-associated proteolysis in plants is a complex and controlled process, essential for mobilization of nutrients from old or stressed tissues, mainly leaves, to growing or sink organs. protein breakdown in senescing leaves involves many plastidial and nuclear proteases, regulators, different subcellular locations and dynamic protein traffic to ensure the complete transformation of proteins of high molecular weight into transportable and useful hydrolysed products. protease activities are ... | 2016 | 27505308 |
| the secreted protease prta controls cell growth, biofilm formation and pathogenicity in xylella fastidiosa. | pierce's disease (pd) is a deadly disease of grapevines caused by the gram-negative bacterium xylella fastidiosa. though disease symptoms were formerly attributed to bacteria blocking the plant xylem, this hypothesis is at best overly simplistic. recently, we used a proteomic approach to characterize the secretome of x. fastidiosa, both in vitro and in planta, and identified lesa as one of the pathogenicity factors of x. fastidiosa in grapevines that leads to leaf scorching and chlorosis. herein ... | 2016 | 27492542 |
| identification and linkage analysis of a new rice bacterial blight resistance gene from xm14, a mutant line from ir24. | bacterial blight caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) is a chief factor limiting rice productivity worldwide. xm14, a rice mutant line resistant to xoo, has been obtained by treating ir24, which is susceptible to six philippine xoo races and six japanese xoo races, with n-methyl-n-nitrosourea. xm14 showed resistance to six japanese xoo races. the f2 population from xm14 × ir24 clearly showed 1 resistant : 3 susceptible segregation, suggesting control of resistance by a recessive gene. t ... | 2016 | 27795689 |
| quorum sensing systems differentially regulate the production of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid in the rhizobacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa pa1201. | pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pa1201 is a newly identified rhizobacterium that produces high levels of the secondary metabolite phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (pca), the newly registered biopesticide shenqinmycin. pca production in liquid batch cultures utilizing a specialized pca-promoting medium (ppm) typically occurs after the period of most rapid growth, and production is regulated in a quorum sensing (qs)-dependent manner. pa1201 contains two pca biosynthetic gene clusters phz1 and phz2; both ... | 2016 | 27456813 |
| crystal structure analysis and the identification of distinctive functional regions of the protein elicitor mohrip2. | the protein elicitor mohrip2, which was extracted from magnaporthe oryzae as an exocrine protein, triggers the tobacco immune system and enhances blast resistance in rice. however, the detailed mechanisms by which mohrip2 acts as an elicitor remain unclear. here, we investigated the structure of mohrip2 to elucidate its functions based on molecular structure. the three-dimensional structure of mohrip2 was obtained. overall, the crystal structure formed a β-barrel structure and showed high simila ... | 2016 | 27507984 |
| comparative proteomic analysis provides novel insight into the interaction between resistant vs susceptible tomato cultivars and tylcv infection. | tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) is a member of the family geminiviridae, genus begomovirus. the virus is a widespread plant virus that causes important economic losses in tomatoes. genetic engineering strategies have increasingly been adopted to improve the resistance of tomatoes to tylcv. | 2016 | 27436092 |
| phenotypic and marker-assisted genetic enhancement of parental lines of rajalaxmi, an elite rice hybrid. | the cytoplasmic male sterile line system comprising crms 32a and its maintainer line crms 32b is a popular choice for the development of new hybrids in india as crms 32a, having kalinga 1 cytoplasm (other than wa), is a viable alternative to wa cytoplasm. however, both lines are susceptible to bacterial blight (bb), a major disease on rice. as enhancement of host plant resistance is the most effective and economical strategy to control this disease, four resistance genes (xa4, xa5, xa13, and xa2 ... | 2016 | 27468288 |
| marker-aided incorporation of xa38, a novel bacterial blight resistance gene, in pb1121 and comparison of its resistance spectrum with xa13 + xa21. | basmati rice is preferred internationally because of its appealing taste, mouth feel and aroma. pusa basmati 1121 (pb1121) is a widely grown variety known for its excellent grain and cooking quality in the international and domestic market. it contributes approximately usd 3 billion to india's forex earning annually by being the most traded variety. however, pb1121 is highly susceptible to bacterial blight (bb) disease. a novel bb resistance gene xa38 was incorporated in pb1121 from donor parent ... | 2016 | 27403778 |
| mini review: potential applications of non-host resistance for crop improvement. | plant breeding for disease resistance is crucial to sustain global crop production. for decades, plant breeders and researchers have extensively used host plant resistance genes (r-genes) to develop disease resistant cultivars. however, the general instability of r-genes in crop cultivars when challenged with diverse pathogen populations emphasizes the need for more stable means of resistance. alternatively, non-host resistance is recognized as the most durable, broad-spectrum form of resistance ... | 2016 | 27462329 |
| the systemic acquired resistance regulator osnpr1 attenuates growth by repressing auxin signaling through promoting iaa-amido synthase expression. | systemic acquired resistance is a long-lasting and broad-spectrum disease resistance to pathogens. our previous study demonstrated that overexpression of nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes1 (osnpr1), a master gene for systemic acquired resistance in rice (oryza sativa), greatly enhanced resistance to bacterial blight caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae however, the growth and development of the osnpr1 overexpression (osnpr1-ox) plants were restrained, and the mechanism remained elusiv ... | 2016 | 27378815 |
| fungal elicitor mohrip2 induces disease resistance in rice leaves, triggering stress-related pathways. | mohrip2 magnaporthe oryzae hypersensitive protein 2 is an elicitor protein of rice blast fungus m. oryzae. rice seedlings treated with mohrip2 have shown an induced resistance to rice blast. to elucidate the mechanism underlying this mohrip2 elicitation in rice, we used differential-display 2-d gel electrophoresis and qrt-pcr to assess the differential expression among the total proteins extracted from rice leaves at 24 h after treatment with mohrip2 and buffer as a control. among ~1000 protein ... | 2016 | 27348754 |
| process optimization for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by sclerotinia sclerotiorum mtcc 8785 and evaluation of its antibacterial properties. | eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles is viewed as an alternative to the chemical method and initiated the use of microorganisms for synthesis. the present study has been designed to utilize plant pathogenic fungi sclerotinia sclerotiorum mtcc 8785 strain for synthesis and optimization of silver nanoparticles (agnps) production as well as evaluation of antibacterial properties. the agnps were synthesized by reduction of aqueous silver nitrate (agno3) solution after incubation of 3-5 days at ro ... | 2016 | 27386310 |
| interactions "candidatus liberibacter solanacearum"-bactericera cockerelli: haplotype effect on vector fitness and gene expression analyses. | "candidatus liberibacter solanacearum" (lso) has emerged as a serious threat world-wide. five lso haplotypes have been identified so far. haplotypes a and b are present in the americas and/or new zealand, where they are vectored to solanaceous plants by the potato psyllid, bactericera cockerelli (šulc) (hemiptera: triozidae). the fastidious nature of these pathogens has hindered the study of the interactions with their eukaryotic hosts (vector and plant). to understand the strategies used by the ... | 2016 | 27376032 |
| itraq-based quantitative proteomic analysis reveals potential factors associated with the enhancement of phenazine-1-carboxamide production in pseudomonas chlororaphis p3. | phenazine-1-carboxamide (pcn), a phenazine derivative, is strongly antagonistic to fungal phytopathogens. pseudomonas chlororaphis ht66 is a pcn-producing, non-pathogenic biocontrol strain, and we obtained the mutant p. chlororaphis p3, which produces 4.7 times more pcn than the wild-type ht66 strain. to reveal the cause of pcn production enhancement in p3 and find potential factors related to pcn biosynthesis, an itraq-based quantitative proteomic analysis was used to study the expression chang ... | 2016 | 27273243 |
| global gene expression analysis using rna-seq uncovered a new role for sr1/camta3 transcription factor in salt stress. | abiotic and biotic stresses cause significant yield losses in all crops. acquisition of stress tolerance in plants requires rapid reprogramming of gene expression. sr1/camta3, a member of signal responsive transcription factors (tfs), functions both as a positive and a negative regulator of biotic stress responses and as a positive regulator of cold stress-induced gene expression. using high throughput rna-seq, we identified ~3000 sr1-regulated genes. promoters of about 60% of the differentially ... | 2016 | 27251464 |
| plant metabolomics: an indispensable system biology tool for plant science. | as genomes of many plant species have been sequenced, demand for functional genomics has dramatically accelerated the improvement of other omics including metabolomics. despite a large amount of metabolites still remaining to be identified, metabolomics has contributed significantly not only to the understanding of plant physiology and biology from the view of small chemical molecules that reflect the end point of biological activities, but also in past decades to the attempts to improve plant b ... | 2016 | 27258266 |
| deciphering the role of tyrosine sulfation in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae using shotgun proteomic analysis. | a bacterial tyrosine sulfotransferase, raxst, is required for activation of rice xa21-mediated immunity, and it catalyzes sulfation of tyrosine residues of omp1x and raxx in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, a causal agent of bacterial blight in rice. although raxst is biochemically well-characterized, biological functions of tyrosine sulfation have not been fully elucidated. we compared protein expression patterns between the wildtype and a raxst knockout mutant using shotgun proteomic analysis. f ... | 2016 | 27298602 |
| ascribing functions to genes: journey towards genetic improvement of rice via functional genomics. | rice, one of the most important cereal crops for mankind, feeds more than half the world population. rice has been heralded as a model cereal owing to its small genome size, amenability to easy transformation, high synteny to other cereal crops and availability of complete genome sequence. moreover, sequence wealth in rice is getting more refined and precise due to resequencing efforts. this humungous resource of sequence data has confronted research fraternity with a herculean challenge as well ... | 2016 | 27252584 |
| the transcription factor oswrky45 negatively modulates the resistance of rice to the brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens. | wrky transcription factors play a central role not only in plant growth and development but also in plant stress responses. however, the role of wrky transcription factors in herbivore-induced plant defenses and their underlying mechanisms, especially in rice, remains largely unclear. here, we cloned a rice wrky gene oswrky45, whose expression was induced by mechanical wounding, by infestation of the brown planthopper (bph, nilaparvata lugens) and by treatment with jasmonic acid (ja) or salicyli ... | 2016 | 27258255 |
| identification of genes in a partially resistant genotype of avena sativa expressed in response to puccinia coronata infection. | cultivated oat (avena sativa), an important crop in many countries, can suffer significant losses through infection by the fungus puccinia coronata, the causal agent of crown rust disease. understanding the molecular basis of existing partial resistance to this disease might provide targets of interest for crop improvement programs. a suppressive subtractive hybridization (ssh) library was constructed using cdna from the partially resistant oat genotype mn841801-1 after inoculation with the path ... | 2016 | 27303424 |
| sequence/structural analysis of xylem proteome emphasizes pathogenesis-related proteins, chitinases and β-1, 3-glucanases as key players in grapevine defense against xylella fastidiosa. | background. xylella fastidiosa, the causative agent of various plant diseases including pierce's disease in the us, and citrus variegated chlorosis in brazil, remains a continual source of concern and economic losses, especially since almost all commercial varieties are sensitive to this gammaproteobacteria. differential expression of proteins in infected tissue is an established methodology to identify key elements involved in plant defense pathways. methods. in the current work, we developed a ... | 2016 | 27257535 |
| the fd-gogat1 mutant gene lc7 confers resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice. | disease resistance is an important goal of crop improvement. the molecular mechanism of resistance requires further study. here, we report the identification of a rice leaf color mutant, lc7, which is defective in chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis but confers resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). map-based cloning revealed that lc7 encodes a mutant ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase1 (fd-gogat1). fd-gogat1 has been proposed to have great potential for improving nitrogen- ... | 2016 | 27211925 |
| analysis of the proteins secreted from the oryza meyeriana suspension-cultured cells induced by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | oryza meyeriana, a wild species of rice from china, shows high resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), the cause of rice bacterial blight, one of the most serious rice pathogens. to better understand the resistance mechanism, a proteomic study was conducted to identify changes in the proteins secreted in embryo cell suspension cultures in response to xoo. after two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2d-dige), 72 differentially expressed protein spots corresponding to 34 prote ... | 2016 | 27196123 |
| dgca, a diguanylate cyclase from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae regulates bacterial pathogenicity on rice. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) is the causal agent of rice blight disease as well as a serious phytopathogen worldwide. it is also one of the model organisms for studying bacteria-plant interactions. current progress in bacterial signal transduction pathways has identified cyclic di-gmp as a major second messenger molecule in controlling xanthomonas pathogenicity. however, it still remains largely unclear how c-di-gmp regulates the secretion of bacterial virulence factors in xoo. in this st ... | 2016 | 27193392 |
| the rice thylakoid membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase osapx8 functions in tolerance to bacterial blight. | thylakoid membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase (tapx) is a major h2o2-scavenging enzyme. to clarify its functions in tolerance to rice bacterial blight, we produced rice lines overexpressing and suppressing tapx (osapx8). the overexpressing lines exhibited increased tolerance to bacterial pathogen. the rna interference (rnai) lines were considerably more sensitive than the control plant. further analysis of the h2o2 content in these transgenic plants indicated that the h2o2 accumulation of osapx8 ... | 2016 | 27185545 |
| time-resolved pathogenic gene expression analysis of the plant pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | plant-pathogen interactions at early stages of infection are important to the fate of interaction. xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) causes bacterial blight, which is a devastating disease in rice. although in vivo and in vitro systems have been developed to study rice-xoo interactions, both systems have limitations. the resistance mechanisms in rice can be better studied by the in vivo approach, whereas the in vitro systems are suitable for pathogenicity studies on xoo. the current in vitro s ... | 2016 | 27165035 |
| brassica napus genome possesses extraordinary high number of camta genes and camta3 contributes to pamp triggered immunity and resistance to sclerotinia sclerotiorum. | calmodulin-binding transcription activators (camtas) play important roles in various plant biological processes including disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance. oilseed rape (brassica napus l.) is one of the most important oil-producing crops worldwide. to date, compositon of camtas in genomes of brassica species and role of camtas in resistance to the devastating necrotrophic fungal pathogen sclerotinia sclerotiorum are still unknown. in this study, 18 camta genes were identified in o ... | 2016 | 27200054 |
| identification and analysis of integrons and cassette arrays in bacterial genomes. | integrons recombine gene arrays and favor the spread of antibiotic resistance. their broader roles in bacterial adaptation remain mysterious, partly due to lack of computational tools. we made a program - integronfinder - to identify integrons with high accuracy and sensitivity. integronfinder is available as a standalone program and as a web application. it searches for attc sites using covariance models, for integron-integrases using hmm profiles, and for other features (promoters, atti site) ... | 2016 | 27130947 |
| structural dynamics of a methionine γ-lyase for calicheamicin biosynthesis: rotation of the conserved tyrosine stacking with pyridoxal phosphate. | cale6 from micromonospora echinospora is a (pyridoxal 5' phosphate) plp-dependent methionine γ-lyase involved in the biosynthesis of calicheamicins. we report the crystal structure of a cale6 2-(n-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid complex showing ligand-induced rotation of tyr100, which stacks with plp, resembling the corresponding tyrosine rotation of true catalytic intermediates of cale6 homologs. elastic network modeling and crystallographic ensemble refinement reveal mobility of the n-terminal ... | 2016 | 27191010 |
| the role of silicon in enhancing resistance to bacterial blight of hydroponic- and soil-cultured rice. | here we report for the first time that bacterial blight of rice can be alleviated by silicon (si) added. in both inoculated and uninoculated plants, shoot dry weight was significantly higher in the +si plants than in the -si plants. a soil-cultured trial showed that disease severity was 24.3% lower in the si-amended plants than in the non-si-amended plants. plants that were switched from -si to +si nutrient solution and simultaneously inoculated with xoo also exhibited the same high resistance t ... | 2016 | 27091552 |
| genome-wide transcriptomic analysis reveals correlation between higher wrky61 expression and reduced symptom severity in turnip crinkle virus infected arabidopsis thaliana. | turnip crinkle virus (tcv) is a carmovirus that infects many arabidopsis ecotypes. most studies mainly focused on discovery of resistance genes against tcv infection, and there is no next generation sequencing based comparative genome wide transcriptome analysis reported. in this study, rna-seq based transcriptome analysis revealed that 238 (155 up-regulated and 83 down-regulated) significant differentially expressed genes with at least 15-fold change were determined. fifteen genes (including up ... | 2016 | 27086702 |
| arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis induces a major transcriptional reprogramming of the potato sweet sugar transporter family. | biotrophic microbes feeding on plants must obtain carbon from their hosts without killing the cells. the symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi colonizing plant roots do so by inducing major transcriptional changes in the host that ultimately also reprogram the whole carbon partitioning of the plant. am fungi obtain carbohydrates from the root cortex apoplast, in particular from the periarbuscular space that surrounds arbuscules. however, the mechanisms by which cortical cells export sugars ... | 2016 | 27148312 |
| both overexpression and suppression of an oryza sativa nb-lrr-like gene oslsr result in autoactivation of immune response and thiamine accumulation. | tight and accurate regulation of immunity and thiamine biosynthesis is critical for proper defence mechanisms and several primary metabolic cycles in plants. although thiamine is known to enhance plant defence by priming, the mechanism by which thiamine biosynthesis responds to immune signals remains poorly understood. here we identified a novel rice (oryza sativa l.) nb-lrr gene via an insertion mutation, this mutant confesses a low seed setting phenotype and the corresponding genetic locus was ... | 2016 | 27052628 |
| expansion mechanisms and evolutionary history on genes encoding dna glycosylases and their involvement in stress and hormone signaling. | dna glycosylases catalyze the release of methylated bases. they play vital roles in the base excision repair pathway and might also function in dna demethylation. at least three families of dna glycosylases have been identified, which included 3'-methyladenine dna glycosylase (mdg) i, mdg ii, and hhh-gpd (helix-hairpin-helix and glycine/proline/aspartate (d)). however, little is known on their genome-wide identification, expansion, and evolutionary history as well as their expression profiling a ... | 2016 | 27026054 |
| qtls for woolly poplar aphid (phloeomyzus passerinii l.) resistance detected in an inter-specific populus deltoides x p. nigra mapping population. | the genus populus represents one of the most economically important groups of forest trees. it is composed by approximately 30 species used for wood and non-wood products, phytoremediation and biomass. poplar is subjected to several biological and environmental threats although, compared to annual crops, we know far less about the genetic bases of biotic stress resistance. woolly poplar aphid (phloeomyzus passerinii) is considered a main pest of cultivated poplars in european and american countr ... | 2016 | 27022954 |
| production of a single cyclic type of fructooligosaccharide structure by inulin-degrading paenibacillus sp. lx16 newly isolated from jerusalem artichoke root. | a novel inulin-degrading bacterium was isolated from a soil sample collected on jerusalem artichoke roots. it is a gram-positive, aerobic, motile and central endospore-forming straight rod, and exhibits phenotypic properties being consistent with its classification in the genus paenibacillus. the predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-c15:0, c16:0 and anteiso-c17:0. this strain represents a novel species of the genus paenibacillus on the basis of phenotypic data together with phylogenetic ... | 2016 | 26996537 |
| functional analysis of jasmonates in rice through mutant approaches. | jasmonic acid, one of the major plant hormones, is, unlike other hormones, a lipid-derived compound that is synthesized from the fatty acid linolenic acid. it has been studied intensively in many plant species including arabidopsis thaliana, in which most of the enzymes participating in its biosynthesis were characterized. in the past 15 years, mutants and transgenic plants affected in the jasmonate pathway became available in rice and facilitate studies on the functions of this hormone in an im ... | 2016 | 27135235 |
| expression profiling of marker genes responsive to the defence-associated phytohormones salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene in brachypodium distachyon. | brachypodium distachyon is a promising model plants for grasses. infections of brachypodium by various pathogens that severely impair crop production have been reported, and the species accordingly provides an alternative platform for investigating molecular mechanisms of pathogen virulence and plant disease resistance. to date, we have a broad picture of plant immunity only in arabidopsis and rice; therefore, brachypodium may constitute a counterpart that displays the commonality and uniqueness ... | 2016 | 26935959 |
| integrated metabolomics and phytochemical genomics approaches for studies on rice. | metabolomics is widely employed to monitor the cellular metabolic state and assess the quality of plant-derived foodstuffs because it can be used to manage datasets that include a wide range of metabolites in their analytical samples. in this review, we discuss metabolomics research on rice in order to elucidate the overall regulation of the metabolism as it is related to the growth and mechanisms of adaptation to genetic modifications and environmental stresses such as fungal infections, submer ... | 2016 | 26937280 |
| cloning and characterization of filamentous temperature-sensitive protein z from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | the ftsz gene from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae was amplified by pcr with the specific primers, and the recombinant plasmid pet-22b-ftsz was constructed successfully. the ftsz with a 6× his tag was overexpressed in a soluble form in escherichia coli bl21 and purified through a ni-nta agarose column. the purified recombinant ftsz showed a single band on sds-page with an apparent molecular mass of about 44 kda, and confirmed by western blotting analysis. the optimum temperature for gtpase activit ... | 2016 | 27026842 |
| transcriptome-based identification of differently expressed genes from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strains exhibiting different virulence in rice varieties. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) causes bacterial blight (bb) in rice (oryza sativa l.). in this study, we investigated the genome-wide transcription patterns of two xoo strains (kacc10331 and hb1009), which showed different virulence patterns against eight rice cultivars, including irbb21 (carrying xa21). in total, 743 genes showed a significant change (p-value < 0.001 in t-tests) in their mrna expression levels in the hb1009 (k3a race) strain compared with the xoo kacc10331 strain (k1 race) ... | 2016 | 26907259 |
| characterization of a natural triple-tandem c-di-gmp riboswitch and application of the riboswitch-based dual-fluorescence reporter. | c-di-gmp riboswitches are structured rnas located in the 5'-untranslated regions (5'-utrs) of mrnas that regulate expression of downstream genes in response to changing concentrations of the second messenger c-di-gmp. we discovered three complete c-di-gmp riboswitches (bc3, bc4 and bc5 rna) with similar structures, which are arranged in tandem to constitute a triple-tandem (bc3-5 rna) riboswitch in the 5'-utr of the cspabcde mrna in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. chinensis ct-43. our results show ... | 2016 | 26892868 |
| facile fabrication of rice husk based silicon dioxide nanospheres loaded with silver nanoparticles as a rice antibacterial agent. | bacterial leaf blight of rice caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) is a major disease of rice, leading to reduction in production by 10-50%. in order to control this disease, various chemical bactericides have been used. wide and prolonged application of chemical bactericides resulted in the resistant strain of xoo that was isolated from rice. to address this problem, we were searching for an environmentally friendly alternative to the commonly used chemical bactericides. in this work, ... | 2016 | 26888152 |
| niclosamide inhibits leaf blight caused by xanthomonas oryzae in rice. | rice leaf blight, which is caused by the bacterial pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), results in huge losses in grain yield. here, we show that xoo-induced rice leaf blight is effectively controlled by niclosamide, an oral antihelminthic drug and molluscicide, which also functions as an anti-tumor agent. niclosamide directly inhibited the growth of the three xoo strains pxo99, 10208 and k3a. niclosamide moved long distances from the site of local application to distant rice tissues. n ... | 2016 | 26879887 |
| fine mapping of barley locus rps6 conferring resistance to wheat stripe rust. | barley resistance to wheat stripe rust has remained effective for a long time and, therefore, the genes underlying this resistance can be a valuable tool to engineer durable resistance in wheat. wheat stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is a major disease of wheat that is causing large economic losses in many wheat-growing regions of the world. deployment of pst resistance genes has been an effective strategy for controlling this pathogen, but many of these genes ha ... | 2016 | 26875072 |
| complete genome sequence of the african strain axo1947 of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is the etiological agent of bacterial rice blight. three distinct clades of x. oryzae pv. oryzae are known. we present the complete annotated genome of the african clade strain axo194 using long-read single-molecule pacbio sequencing technology. the genome comprises a single chromosome of 4,674,975 bp and encodes for nine transcriptional activator-like (tal) effectors. the approach and data presented in this announcement provide information for complex bacterial gen ... | 2016 | 26868406 |
| secretome analysis of rice suspension-cultured cells infected by xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryza (xoo). | rice bacterial blight (bb) caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae (xoo) is one of the most devastating bacterial diseases in rice-growing regions worldwide. the rice-xoo interaction is a classical model for studying the interaction between plants and pathogens. secreted proteins play important roles in plant-bacterial interactions, but are poorly studied in the rice-xoo system. rice cv. nipponbare is highly susceptible to xoo. here, we used two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2d-dige ... | 2016 | 26839515 |
| editorial: genomics and effectomics of the crop killer xanthomonas. | | 2016 | 26870077 |
| two members of tarlk family confer powdery mildew resistance in common wheat. | powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminearum f.sp. tritici (bgt), is one of the most severe fungal diseases of wheat. the exploration and utilization of new gene resources is the most effective approach for the powdery mildew control. | 2016 | 26810982 |
| multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection of six major bacterial pathogens of rice. | the aim of this study was to develop a multiplex pcr (mpcr) assay for rapid, sensitive and simultaneous detection of six important rice pathogens: xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, x. oryzae pv. oryzicola, pseudomonas fuscovaginae, burkholderia glumae, burkholderia gladioli and acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae. | 2016 | 26864896 |
| rice osfls2-mediated perception of bacterial flagellins is evaded by xanthomonas oryzae pvs. oryzae and oryzicola. | bacterial flagellins are often recognized by the receptor kinase flagellin sensitive2 (fls2) and activate mamp-triggered immunity in dicotyledonous plants. however, the capacity of monocotyledonous rice to recognize flagellins of key rice pathogens and its biological relevance remain poorly understood. we demonstrate that ectopically expressed osfls2 in arabidopsis senses the eliciting flg22 peptide and in vitro purified acidovorax avenae (aa) flagellin in an expression level-dependent manner, b ... | 2015 | 25617720 |
| the expanding role of type ii secretion in bacterial pathogenesis and beyond. | type ii secretion (t2s) is one means by which gram-negative pathogens secrete proteins into the extracellular milieu and/or host organisms. based upon recent genome sequencing, it is clear that t2s is largely restricted to the proteobacteria, occurring in many, but not all genera in the α-, β-, γ-, and δ- classes. prominent human and/or animal pathogens that express a t2s system(s) include acinetobacter baumannii, burkholderia pseudomallei, chlamydia trachomatis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pne ... | 2017 | 28264910 |
| sanitizing effect of ethanol against biofilms formed by three gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. | sanitizing effect of ethanol on a yersinia enterocolitica biofilm was evaluated in terms of biomass removal and bactericidal activity. we found that 40 % ethanol was most effective for biofilm biomass removal; however, no significant difference was observed in bactericidal activity between treatment with 40 and 70 % ethanol. this unexpected low ethanol concentration requirement for biomass removal was confirmed using biofilms of two additional pathogenic bacteria, aeromonas hydrophila and xantho ... | 2015 | 25941023 |
| artificial agrobacterium tumefaciens strains exhibit diverse mechanisms to repress xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae-induced hypersensitive response and non-host resistance in nicotiana benthamiana. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) rapidly triggers a hypersensitive response (hr) and non-host resistance in its non-host plant nicotiana benthamiana. here, we report that agrobacterium tumefaciens strain gv3101 blocks xoo-induced hr in n. benthamiana when pre-infiltrated or co-infiltrated, but not when post-infiltrated at 4 h after xoo inoculation. this suppression by a. tumefaciens is local and highly efficient to xoo. the hr-inhibiting efficiency of a. tumefaciens is strain dependent. strai ... | 2017 | 27061769 |
| top 10 plant pathogenic bacteria in molecular plant pathology. | many plant bacteriologists, if not all, feel that their particular microbe should appear in any list of the most important bacterial plant pathogens. however, to our knowledge, no such list exists. the aim of this review was to survey all bacterial pathologists with an association with the journal molecular plant pathology and ask them to nominate the bacterial pathogens they would place in a 'top 10' based on scientific/economic importance. the survey generated 458 votes from the international ... | 2012 | 22672649 |
| antimicrobial activity and second harmonic studies on organic non-centrosymmetric pure and doped ninhydrin single crystals. | in this paper, we report the successful growth of pure, cu(2+) ions and cd(2+) ions doped on ninhydrin single crystals by slow solvent evaporation technique. the presence of cu(2+) and cd(2+) ions in the specimen of ninhydrin single crystal has been determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. the powder x-ray diffraction analysis was done to calculate the lattice parameters of the pure and doped crystals. the percentage of transmittance of the crystal was recorded using the uv-vis spectrophoto ... | 2013 | 23266683 |
| the antibiosis action and rice-induced resistance, mediated by a lipopeptide from bacillus amyloliquefaciens b014, in controlling rice disease caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | in the present study, a lipopeptide (named axlp14) antagonistic to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) was obtained from the culture supernatant of bacillus amyloliquefaciens b014. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that axlp14 consisted of surfactin homologs. the minimum inhibition concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of axlp14 against xoo were determined to be 1.25 and 2.50 mg/ml, respectively. at a concentration o ... | 2016 | 26718470 |
| [screening and identification of low temperature-adapted antagonistic bacillus isolated from kekexili region of west china and the analysis of the isolates lipopeptide compounds]. | the research and exploitation of special microbial resources in extreme environment is of scientific significance and has broad applied prospect. in this paper, eight bacillus strains isolated from the vegetation rhizospheres in kekexili extreme region of qinghai province and presented good growth status at low temperature 4 and 10 degrees c were identified. through physiological and biochemical analysis, rep-pcr fingerprinting, and 16s rdna and gyrb partial sequence analyses, the eight strains ... | 2013 | 23718003 |
| [isolation and identification of termitarium antagonistic actinomycetes byc 01 and its active metabolites]. | we isolated actinomyces from the termitarium and studied its metabolites to find the antimicrobial compounds. | 2014 | 25252456 |