| [effects of various steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on in-vitro il-10 production of murine peritoneal macrophages infected with mycobacterium avium complex]. | in murine infections due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac), bacterial regrowth of the pathogens is frequently encountered in the relatively late phase of infection even in mice receiving daily treatments with antimicrobial agents including rifamycins and macrolides. in this case, the bacterial regrowth is usually accompanied by concomitant increase in the tissue levels of il-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-beta), well known immunosuppressive cytokines. in this context, it is of in ... | 1997 | 9339628 |
| diagnosis of disseminated mycobacterial infection: testing a simple and inexpensive method for use in developing countries. | with the development of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic, the isolation of mycobacteria from blood has become a common problem for clinical laboratories. in this study two methods were used for the recovery of mycobacteria from blood specimens obtained from aids patients: (1) direct inoculation of a biphasic medium, and (2) a non-commercial lysis-centrifugation method. a total of 3 consecutive blood samples were taken at 15-minute intervals from each of 50 aids patients wit ... | 1997 | 9342895 |
| association between hiv distal symmetric polyneuropathy and mycobacterium avium complex infection. | | 1997 | 9343156 |
| selective expansion of gammadelta t cells among liver-derived lymphocytes of aids patients with disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection. | the aim of this study was to investigate a potential expansion of gammadelta t cells in aids patients in response to disseminated infection with mycobacterium avium complex. liver-derived lymphocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from 5 aids patients with disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection and 10 hiv-infected patients without mycobacterial disease. control patients included 14 hiv-negative patients without bacterial disease and 4 hiv-negative patients with dissem ... | 1997 | 9344697 |
| molecular characterization of mycobacterium avium complex isolates giving discordant results in accuprobe tests by pcr-restriction enzyme analysis, 16s rrna gene sequencing, and dt1-dt6 pcr. | based on cultural and biochemical tests, a total of 84 strains (72 clinical and 12 environmental isolates from the caribbean isles, europe, and the indian subcontinent) were identified as members of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). they were further characterized with mac, m. avium, and m. intracellulare probes of the accuprobe system, and this was followed by selective amplification of dt6 and dt1 sequences. seventy isolates gave concordant results; 63 were identified as m. avium, 5 were ... | 1997 | 9350730 |
| characterization to species level of mycobacterium avium complex strains from human immunodeficiency virus-positive and -negative patients. | forty human clinical mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare complex strains isolated in greece were characterized to the species level by pcr with three sets of primers specific for one or both species. m. avium predominated in both human immunodeficiency virus-positive and -negative patients, but the frequency of m. intracellulare isolation appeared to be higher in the latter. | 1997 | 9350780 |
| the pnca gene from naturally pyrazinamide-resistant mycobacterium avium encodes pyrazinamidase and confers pyrazinamide susceptibility to resistant m. tuberculosis complex organisms. | the antituberculosis drug pyrazinamide (pza) needs to be converted into pyrazinoic acid (poa) by the bacterial pyrazinamidase (pzase) in order to show bactericidal activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis. m. avium is naturally resistant to pza. to investigate whether this natural resistance to pza is due to inability of the m. avium pzase to convert pza to bactericidal poa, the m. avium pzase gene (pnca) was cloned by using the m. tuberculosis pnca gene as a probe. sequence analysis showed t ... | 1997 | 9353938 |
| primary septic arthritis and osteomyelitis due to mycobacterium avium complex in a patient with aids. | | 1997 | 9356814 |
| rationale for the prevention of disseminated mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex disease. | the survival rate in patients with aids who have cd4+ cell counts < 75 cells/microliter is increasing because of improved preventive and treatment strategies for opportunistic infections and also because of the efficacy of antiretroviral drug treatment. these patients are at high risk of developing disseminated mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mac) disease, which decreases both quality of life and life expectancy. measures aimed at preventing mac contamination are largely ineffective in decre ... | 1997 | 9358194 |
| prevention strategies for mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac) infection. a review of recent studies in patients with aids. | in patients with aids, disseminated mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac) infection is a common bacterial infection and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. in placebo-controlled studies, rifabutin, clarithromycin and azithromycin (administered as single agents) have been shown to prevent the development of mac bacteraemia in patients with advanced hiv disease. clarithromycin also conferred a survival benefit over placebo, but this was not initially observed with e ... | 1997 | 9358195 |
| ancillary benefits of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex prophylaxis with clarithromycin in hiv-infected patients. | because of the significant morbidity and mortality associated with opportunistic infections, prophylaxis has become routine practice in the management of immunocompromised patients such as those with aids. clarithromycin, an antimicrobial agent with a broad spectrum of activity against most common respiratory pathogens as well as many protozoa, has proven to be effective for both treatment and prophylaxis of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac) infection in aids patients. results of ... | 1997 | 9358196 |
| prevention of the selection of clarithromycin-resistant mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex. | the prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant mutants in untreated bacterial populations of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac) has been demonstrated to be between 10(-7) and 10(-8) colony-forming units (cfus) in the beige mouse model. selection of these mutants occurred during clarithromycin monotherapy if treatment was initiated when the bacterial population size reached approximately 10(8) cfus per spleen. likewise, selection of clarithromycin-resistant mac was induced in aids patie ... | 1997 | 9358197 |
| a randomized evaluation of ethambutol for prevention of relapse and drug resistance during treatment of mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia with clarithromycin-based combination therapy. california collaborative treatment group. | patients with aids and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteremia are at high risk for relapse and emergence of resistant isolates during monotherapy with clarithromycin. ninety-five aids patients with mac bacteremia received clarithromycin plus clofazimine, with or without ethambutol, in a prospective, multicenter, randomized open-label trial. of 80 patients with positive baseline cultures, sterilization or a 2 log10 reduction in colony-forming units of mac in two consecutive blood cultures o ... | 1997 | 9359722 |
| does prior tuberculosis protect human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons from mycobacterium avium complex disease? | | 1997 | 9359751 |
| mycobacteremia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | bacillemia is a key event in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. although current evidence indicates that mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia is rare in patients seronegative for the human immunodeficiency virus, it has been increasingly reported in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | 1997 | 9361577 |
| analysis of mycobacterium avium complex serovars isolated from aids patients from southeast brazil. | the purpose of this study was to assess the distribution of mycobacterium avium serovars isolated from aids patients in são paulo and rio de janeiro. ninety single site or multiple site isolates from 75 patients were examined. the most frequent serovars found were 8 (39.2%), 4 (21.4%) and 1 (10.7%). the frequency of mixed infections with serovar 8 or 4 was 37.8%. among the 90 strains examined, m. intracellulare serovars (7 strains) and m. scrofulaceum (4 strains) were found in 11 isolates (12%) ... | 1997 | 9361739 |
| disinfection of bronchoscopes, contaminated in vitro with mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and mycobacterium chelonae in sputum, using stabilized, buffered peracetic acid solution ('nu-cidex'). | the efficacy of 0.35% stabilized buffered peracetic acid solution ('nu-cidex') against clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and mycobacterium chelonae in homogenized sputum was tested. an in-use method, using an automated bronchoscope washing machine, showed that over 10 cycles, at a disinfectant contact time of 5 min, m. tuberculosis and m. chelonae were effectively eradicated from the bronchoscope, even in the absence of detergent and pre-cleaning ... | 1997 | 9364262 |
| mediastinal lymphadenopathy caused by mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex in a child with normal immunity: successful treatment with anti-mycobacterial drugs and laser bronchoscopy. | we report on the case of a 9-month-old caucasian girl referred to our institution with a history of fever of unknown origin and wheezing, unresponsive to bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory therapy. subsequent investigation led to a diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenopathy caused by mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mai). the infected lymph tissue infiltrated and obstructed the right bronchus and significantly compressed the left bronchus to the point of near closure. given the high degree of ... | 1997 | 9368263 |
| identification and cloning of the mycobacterium avium fola gene, required for dihydrofolate reductase activity. | dihydrofolate reductase is an essential bacterial enzyme necessary for the maintenance of intracellular folate pools in a biochemically active reduced state. in this report, the mycobacterium avium fola gene was identified by functional genetic complementation, sequenced, and expressed for the first time. it has an open reading frame of 543 bp with a g + c content of 73%. the translated polypeptide sequence shows 58% identity to the consensus sequence of the conserved regions from eight other ba ... | 1997 | 9368362 |
| comparison of three restriction endonucleases in is1245-based rflp typing of mycobacterium avium. | is1245-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis has been proposed recently for molecular typing of mycobacterium avium isolates. as there is no standardised method with respect to the optimal restriction enzyme, three restriction endonucleases were tested for analysis of 17 human isolates. the restriction endonucleases, selected on the basis of the physical maps of is1245 and of the highly homologous is1311, were bsaai, that cleaves is1245, pvuii, that cleaves is1311, and n ... | 1997 | 9368534 |
| use of four dna insertion sequences to characterize strains of the mycobacterium avium complex isolated from animals. | the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) includes the closely related species m. avium, m. intracellulare and m. paratuberculosis. the insertion elements is900, is901, is1245 and is1311 were used as dna probes to characterize by restriction fragment polymorphisms (rflps) eight reference strains, three animal isolates of m. paratuberculosis from outside new zealand and 61 selected new zealand mac isolates from cattle, deer, pigs, sheep and humans. is900 was found only in strains of m. paratuberculos ... | 1997 | 9375297 |
| trends in incidence of aids illnesses in australia from 1983 to 1994: the australian aids cohort. | to assess time trends in incidence of aids illnesses in australia, a retrospective cohort of people diagnosed with aids from january 1, 1983 to december 31, 1994 in three hiv medicine units in sydney, melbourne, and perth was established. data on initial and subsequent aids illnesses were available for 2580 aids cases, or 45% of australian aids notifications over the study period. males represented 97.2% of the cohort, and hiv exposure category was homosexual contact for 89.9%. subcohorts were f ... | 1997 | 9377123 |
| treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections: role of clarithromycin and azithromycin. | the incidence of identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria has increased since the advent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic. although mycobacterium avium complex appears to be responsible for most episodes of nontuberculous disease, several other previously rare species are increasingly being detected, including mycobacterium kansasii, mycobacterium fortuitum/chelonei complex, and mycobacterium genavense. this review briefly summarizes the epidemiology and clinical features ... | 1997 | 9377608 |
| [a case of aids with disseminated mycobacterium kansasii infection in which mycobacterium, avium complex was also detected from his sputum repeatedly]. | a 43 year-old japanese male was admitted to our hospital because of productive cough and fever. he was diagnosed as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in 1994. laboratory findings were as follows: wbc was 3200/microliter, cd4+ t lymphocyte count was 22/microliter. his chest x-ray film taken on admission showed infiltration with small cavity lesion in middle left lung field. tuberculin skin reaction was negative. he was treated with isoniazid 0.4 g, rifampicin 0.45 g, and ethambutol 0.75 g ... | 1997 | 9386356 |
| [basic and clinical studies on pathogenesis of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease]. | i have studied pathogenesis of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease (pmac), using mouse and human alveolar macrophage (pam) model of the infection as well as clinical evaluations. the mouse model revealed no relation between natural resistance against the bacteria and the activation of macrophages which was evaluated on the basis of releasing capacities of prostaglandin e2 and superoxide anion. the pam model suggested that tnf-alpha and gm-csf could activate pam to restrict the intracel ... | 1997 | 9386357 |
| apoptosis of human monocytes and macrophages by mycobacterium avium sonicate. | mycobacterium avium is an intracellular organism which multiplies predominantly within human macrophages. this organism has previously been shown to induce apoptosis in human macrophages. with a view to identifying m. avium components that induce cell death in infected host cells, sonicated extracts of m. avium as well as individual components isolated from the m. avium sonicate were tested in various assays with a human monocytic cell line (thp-1). thp-1 cells incubated with m. avium sonicate s ... | 1997 | 9393825 |
| diagnostic value of the strand displacement amplification method compared to those of roche amplicor pcr and culture for detecting mycobacteria in sputum samples. | we compared the ability of the semiautomated bdprobetec-sda system, which uses the strand displacement amplification (sda) method, with that of the roche amplicor-pcr system and the septi-chek afb culture system to directly detect mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtb) and other mycobacteria in sputum samples. a total of 530 sputum samples from 299 patients were examined in this study. of the 530 samples, 129 were culture positive for acid-fast bacilli with the septi-chek afb system; 95 for mt ... | 1997 | 9399498 |
| effector molecules in expression of the antimicrobial activity of macrophages against mycobacterium avium complex: roles of reactive nitrogen intermediates, reactive oxygen intermediates, and free fatty acids. | we studied microbicidal activities of reactive nitrogen intermediates (rni), free fatty acids (ffa), and reactive oxygen intermediates (roi) against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and the mode of macrophage (mphi) production of these effectors. (1) intracellular growth of mac in murine peritoneal mphis was accelerated by scavengers for roi or rni and inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase or phospholipase a2, indicating roles of roi, rni, and ffa in mphi anti-mac functions. (2) acidified nano2-d ... | 1997 | 9400821 |
| the clinical use of fluoroquinolones for the treatment of mycobacterial diseases. | mycobacterial diseases often require prolonged therapy with multidrug regimens. fluoroquinolones have excellent bactericidal activity against many mycobacteria; achieve effective serum, tissue, and intracellular levels following oral administration; and produce few adverse effects. these properties have led to the increasing use of fluoroquinolones for the treatment of mycobacterial infections. we reviewed clinical studies and reports involving the use of fluoroquinolones for mycobacterial disea ... | 1997 | 9402384 |
| bactericidal activities of povidone-iodine against mycobacterium. | three standard strains of mycobacterium (m. tuberculosis h37rv, m. avium atcc15769 and m. kansasii atcc12478) and 15 clinical isolates of mycobacterium (7 m. tuberculosis, 2 m. avium, 3 m. kansasii, 1 m. intracellulare, 1 m. chelonae subsp. abscessus and 1 m. gordonae) were selected in order to study the bactericidal activities of povidone-iodine (pvp-i) drug substance and a commercially available pvp-i solution (isodine solution) against mycobacterium. after the bacilli had been exposed to the ... | 1997 | 9403266 |
| pneumonitis due to mycobacterium avium complex in hot tub water: infection or hypersensitivity? | | 1997 | 9404787 |
| impact of immigration on tuberculosis infection among canadian-born schoolchildren and young adults in montreal. | we conducted a cross-sectional tuberculin survey among non-bcg-vaccinated canadian-born schoolchildren in grades 6 and 10, health professional students, and young adult workers, to estimate the association of tuberculin reactions with indices of contact with tuberculosis. participants underwent simultaneous tuberculin testing with ppd-t (standard) and ppd-b (from m. intracellulare). exposure was estimated from questionnaire responses, group, aggregate census, and tuberculosis incidence data. of ... | 1997 | 9412575 |
| mycobacterium avium complex infection of the paranasal sinuses. | | 1997 | 9419135 |
| determinants of rifabutin-associated uveitis in patients treated with rifabutin, clarithromycin, and ethambutol for mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia: a multivariate analysis. canadian hiv trials network protocol 010 study group. | uveitis occurred in a substantial proportion of aids patients receiving rifabutin, 600 mg daily, together with clarithromycin and ethambutol for treatment of mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia. a case-control study was undertaken to examine potential risk factors for developing uveitis. of eight parameters examined, only baseline body weight predicted the development of uveitis by both univariate and multivariate analyses (p = .001). the incidence of uveitis was 14% in patients weighing >65 ... | 1998 | 9419201 |
| characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children at the time of death: an experience in the 1990s. | to describe the changes in the characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related deaths in children with perinatally acquired infection. | 1997 | 9427460 |
| central nervous system infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria. | | 1997 | 9431419 |
| evaluation of a new method for rapid drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterium avium complex isolates by using the mycobacteria growth indicator tube. | the reliability of the mycobacteria growth indicator tube (mgit [bbl]) for rapid drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolates was evaluated. mics of amikacin, clarithromycin, clofazimine, ethambutol, and rifabutin were determined by the mgit system for 16 mac strains. the results were compared with those obtained by the bactec broth macrodilution method. the turnaround times were 6 to 8 days (median, 7 days) for the mgit and 5 to 7 days (median, 6 days) for the bacte ... | 1998 | 9431921 |
| electron microscopic analysis of mycobacterium avium complex isolates exposed to ciprofloxacin, rifabutin, ethambutol and clarithromycin. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolates grown in the presence of clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, ethambutol or rifabutin were examined by electron microscopy for drug-induced ultrastructural changes. | 1997 | 9432376 |
| the cost-effectiveness of preventing aids-related opportunistic infections. | multiple options are now available for prophylaxis of opportunistic infections related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). however, because of differences in incidence rates as well as drug efficacy, toxicity, and costs, the role of different types of prophylaxis remains uncertain. | 1998 | 9440663 |
| pulmonary high-resolution computed tomography versus gallium scintigraphy: diagnostic utility in the diagnosis of patients with aids who have chest symptoms and normal or equivocal chest radiographs. | fifty-six consecutive symptomatic patients with aids referred for gallium scintigraphy were prospectively studied with chest high-resolution computed tomography (hrct). results of gallium and hrct were correlated with findings of bronchoscopy or clinical follow-up for 1 month from time of discharge. twenty-two patients were eventually diagnosed with at least one of the following: pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus, mycobacterium avium complex, bacteria, kaposi's sarcoma, or lymphocytic inters ... | 1998 | 9440841 |
| a retrospective comparison of clarithromycin versus rifampin in combination treatment for disseminated mycobacterium avium complex disease in aids: clarithromycin decreases transfusion requirements. | urban county medical center. | 1997 | 9441082 |
| activity of krm 1648 or rifabutin alone or in combination with clarithromycin against mycobacterium avium complex in human alveolar macrophages. | the activity of krm 1648 (krm), a new benzoxazinorifamycin, and rifabutin (rbt), alone or in combination with clarithromycin (cla), was evaluated against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) that multiplied in human alveolar macrophages (am). | 1997 | 9441102 |
| emergence of mycobacterium avium populations resistant to macrolides during experimental chemotherapy. | macrolide resistance is an emerging problem in aids patients who receive these agents for treatment or prophylaxis against mycobacterium avium (mac) infection. we compared the emergence of resistant mac strains during therapy with clarithromycin (clarithromycin resistance was defined as mic > or = 32 microg/ml) and azithromycin (azithromycin resistance was defined as mic > or = 128 microg/ml) in c57bl/6 beige mice. treatment with clarithromycin and azithromycin resulted in a decrease of 98.5% in ... | 1998 | 9449283 |
| comparison of co2 generation (bactec) and viable-count methods to determine the postantibiotic effect of antimycobacterial agents against mycobacterium avium complex. | the postantibiotic effects (paes) of antimycobacterial agents determined with a bactec tb-460 instrument (co2 production) and by a traditional viable-count method against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were not significantly different (p > 0.05). the longest paes following a 2-h exposure to 2x the mic were induced by amikacin (10.3 h), rifampin (9.7 h), and rifabutin (9.5 h), while the shortest paes resulted from clofazimine (1.7 h) and ethambutol (1.1 h) exposure. co2 generation is a valid a ... | 1998 | 9449284 |
| clinical and immunological improvement in a patient who received thalidomide treatment for refractory mycobacterium avium complex infection. | | 1998 | 9455531 |
| clarithromycin-resistant mycobacterium avium strain in a clarithromycin-naive aids patient. | | 1998 | 9455532 |
| false-positive gen-probe direct amplification test in a case of mycobacterium avium complex infection. | | 1998 | 9455563 |
| impact of opportunistic disease on survival in patients with hiv infection. | to assess the impact of opportunistic diseases on survival in patients with hiv disease. | 1998 | 9456252 |
| focal mycobacterial lymphadenitis following initiation of protease-inhibitor therapy in patients with advanced hiv-1 disease. | inhibitors of hiv-1 protease produce a rapid decrease in plasma hiv-1 rna, with concomitant increases in cd4 t-helper lymphocyte counts. the main side-effects of the protease inhibitors currently in use include gastrointestinal disturbances, paraesthesias, hyperbilirubinaemia, and nephrolithiasis. the increasing use of these agents in patients with advanced hiv-1 infection and cd4 counts of less than 50 cells/microl may be associated with unforeseen adverse effects not observed in earlier studie ... | 1998 | 9457095 |
| cardiac tamponade in a patient with aids: a review of pericardial disease in patients with hiv infection. | pericarditis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection may be asymptomatic or symptomatic, but is sometimes overlooked because of signs and symptoms of other organ system diseases. a case report of cardiac tamponade in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is presented. to determine the incidence and causes of pericardial disease in patients with hiv infection, a review of the literature was conducted. fifteen autopsy and echocardiographic series involving ... | 1998 | 9458682 |
| possible effectiveness of clarithromycin and rifabutin for cryptosporidiosis chemoprophylaxis in hiv disease. hiv outpatient study (hops) investigators. | cryptosporidium parvum infection, a common cause of diarrhea in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), is difficult to treat or prevent. | 1998 | 9459473 |
| [characterization of fatty acids and mycolic acid degradation products in mycobacterial species of major incidence in argentina]. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic has altered the epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in both industrialized and developing countries. serious diseases caused by mycobacteria other that m. tuberculosis, mostly belonging to the m. avium-intracellulare complex (mac), have become very common in association with severe immunosuppression. the increase in mycobacterial disease complexity has stimulated the development of more rapid and efficient methods of diagnosis. in the present s ... | 1997 | 9472140 |
| characterization of mycobacterium avium complex related mycobacteria isolated from an african environment and patients with aids. | thirteen isolates from african aids patients and from the environment in zaire were identified as members of the mycobacterium avium complex by phenotypic tests. rflp analysis showed that the isolates belong to a genetically homogeneous cluster. the 16s rrna sequence analysis suggests a close relationship with the p-49 strain (atcc 35847), a reference strain for the serotype 7 of m. avium complex. this work shows the close relationship between certain m. avium complex strains responsible for dis ... | 1997 | 9472306 |
| [molecular pathologic detection of mycobacteria]. | in recent years, significant advances in the diagnosis of mycobacterial infections have been made by the introduction of direct pathogen detection methods. these techniques are usually based on the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) or on a transcription-mediated amplification (tma) process. the majority of the protocols have been optimized for the detection of mycobacterial nucleic acids in fresh fluid or fresh tissue specimen. unfortunately pathologists are frequently confronted with the problem ... | 1997 | 9474881 |
| surgical management of mycobacterium avium complex disease. | between july 1991 and october 1996, eight patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) underwent pulmonary resection in our department. there was equal distribution of men women. the length of the preoperative period averaged 8.1 months (range: 1 to 30 months). surgical resection was complete, consisting of lobectomy in 4 patients, lobectomy with partial resection in 2, segmentectomy in 1, and segmentectomy with partial resection in 1. there were no major complications postoperatively. no pat ... | 1997 | 9477466 |
| evaluation of the mycoakt latex agglutination test for rapid diagnosis of mycobacterium avium complex infections. | rapid diagnosis of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteremia is important for management of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who have disseminated mac. the purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the mycoakt latex agglutination test for direct detection of mac in positive mycobacterial blood cultures. first, colonies of isolates of previously identified mycobacteria, including 35 mac, were tested. of the 55 isolates evaluated, 33 were identified as mac by ... | 1998 | 9488835 |
| hyposplenism from mycobacterium avium complex infection in a patient with aids and immune thrombocytopenia. | we describe a patient with hiv-related immune thrombocytopenic purpura with known mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage associated with severe thrombocytopenia who failed splenectomy following unsuccessful trials of corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin. his presplenectomy peripheral blood smear showed howell-jolly bodies and microscopic examination of his spleen demonstrated multiple granulomas with numerous acid-fast organisms replacing t ... | 1998 | 9490567 |
| gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to gastroduodenal involvement by mycobacterium avium complex in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | | 1998 | 9492873 |
| [pulmonary disease caused by mycobacterium avium presenting as a solitary cavity with a thickened wall]. | a 46-year-old man was admitted for evaluation of a solitary pulmonary cavity in the apey of the left lung. because two transbronchial biopsies followed by brushing and washing and sputum cytology did not yield any diagnostic findings, the patient was treated with inh, rfp and sm under a tentative diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. the shadow decreased over two months with combination therapy, but increased again after the dose of sm was decreased. we performed a left upper lobectomy to diagnos ... | 1997 | 9493451 |
| [suppressive effect of glycopeptidolipid from mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex serovar 4 and 16 on blastogenesis of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells]. | mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac) consists of 28 serotypes. co-infection of several specific serotype strains with the advent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has been dramatically increasing in the past fifteen years, although the reason for this fact is not clearly understood. since the cell surface lipid components of mac impaired the capacity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) to proliferate, some particular glycopeptidolipid (gpl) with serologicall ... | 1998 | 9494339 |
| [the bacteriology of tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis mycobacterial infections]. | changing incidence and nature of mycobacterial infections subsequent to the historical regression of tuberculosis and the acquired human immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic, as well as the development of new technical tools for molecular biology, have profoundly modified the methods used for the bacteriological diagnosis of mycobacteria infections. although microscopic search for acid-fast bacilli, culture and antibiotic resistance tests on löwenstein-jensen medium remain the reference met ... | 1997 | 9496590 |
| enhanced interleukin-10 production in response to mycobacterium avium products in mononuclear cells from patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection are susceptible to infections with mycobacterium avium complex (mac). interleukin (il)-10 may impair immunity to mac; therefore, the effect of different mac preparations on il-10 production was examined in mononuclear cell cultures from hiv-infected patients. il-10 levels in cultures for 26 patients were higher than those in 20 control cultures. the highest il-10 levels were found in cultures from patients with the most advanced ... | 1998 | 9498436 |
| human immunodeficiency virus replication in aids patients with mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia: a case control study. california collaborative treatment group. | the development of opportunistic infections and the administration of vaccines have been associated with transient increases of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) rna plasma levels in hiv-infected patients. to determine the relationship between mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteremia and hiv rna levels, hiv rna levels in patients who developed mac bacteremia (cases) were compared with levels in patients who remained free of mac disease (controls). cases and controls were matched for cd4 cel ... | 1998 | 9498437 |
| dual skin testing with mycobacterium avium sensitin and purified protein derivative to discriminate pulmonary disease due to m. avium complex from pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium tuberculosis. | skin testing with mycobacterium avium sensitin (mas) rs 10/2 and purified protein derivative (ppd) was conducted on patients with pulmonary disease due to m. avium complex (mac) or mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) and no known immunodeficiency. reactions > or = 5 mm to either mas or ppd were present in 37 (84%) of 44 mac patients and 28 (97%) of 29 mtb patients. mac patients had a mean mas reaction of 13.8 (+/-8.3) mm and a mean ppd reaction of 3.5 (+/-8.6) mm (p < .001). mtb patients had a mean ... | 1998 | 9498455 |
| pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease without dissemination in hiv-infected patients. | pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) without evidence of dissemination is uncommon in hiv-infected patients. five cases were observed over a 2-year period. all patients had aids and the median cd4 cell count at the time of presentation was 90 x 10(6)/l. radiographic patterns included unilobar alveolar infiltrates or diffuse alveolar densities. all patients had a favorable clinical response to antimycobacterial chemotherapy with a median follow-up period of 10 months. mac sh ... | 1998 | 9498982 |
| diagnosing hiv-related disease: using the cd4 count as a guide. | objective: to summarize current information on the relation between cd4 counts and the risk of different hiv-related diseases. measurements and main results: medline search of english language articles between 1985 and 1996 using the medical subject heading (mesh) term "cd4 lymphocyte count" and searches using key words of multiple hiv-related diseases were conducted. some hiv-related diseases can be stratified to different cd4 count levels. regardless of their cd4 count, hiv-infected patients a ... | 1998 | 9502375 |
| genus level identification of mycobacteria from clinical specimens by using an easy-to-handle mycobacterium-specific pcr assay. | an easy-to-handle mycobacterium-specific pcr assay for detection of the presence of a wide range of mycobacterial species in clinical samples was evaluated. the performance of the genus probe was compared with the performance of probes specific for mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium and with that of standard culture. in addition, the utility of an internal control in monitoring amplification inhibitors was studied. of 545 respiratory and 325 nonrespiratory specimens (a total of 8 ... | 1998 | 9508282 |
| standardized bactec method to measure clarithromycin susceptibility of mycobacterium genavense. | a standardized clarithromycin susceptibility test for mycobacterium genavense is reported. the bactec radiometric broth dilution test method recommended for mycobacterium avium complex was modified to develop a reliable and reproducible procedure. test development involved optimization of medium ph and inoculum densities for antibiotic vials as well as growth control vials. mic control organisms included mycobacterium simiae, mycobacterium avium, and mycobacterium xenopi. growth control vials re ... | 1998 | 9508306 |
| antimicrobial activities of benzoxazinorifamycin krm-1648, clarithromycin and levofloxacin against intracellular mycobacterium avium complex phagocytosed by murine peritoneal macrophages. | the in-vitro activities of krm-1648, a new benzoxazinorifamycin, clarithromycin and levofloxacin against clinical isolates of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were measured using various methods of assay and compared with their in-vivo therapeutic activities against mac infection in mice. the mics varied according to drug in the order krm-1648 << clarithromycin < levofloxacin. however, krm-1648 and clarithromycin but not levofloxacin had similar therapeutic outcomes in mac-infected mice. krm-16 ... | 1998 | 9511040 |
| [case of disseminating mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection associated with anemia and neck pain]. | | 1998 | 9513560 |
| declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. hiv outpatient study investigators. | national surveillance data show recent, marked reductions in morbidity and mortality associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). to evaluate these declines, we analyzed data on 1255 patients, each of whom had at least one cd4+ count below 100 cells per cubic millimeter, who were seen at nine clinics specializing in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in eight u.s. cities from january 1994 through june 1997. | 1998 | 9516219 |
| haemolytic activity of mycobacterium spp. | haemolytic activity of clinical isolates of mycobacterium bacilli (98) was determined by the method of king et al., 1993. during 3-h incubation, all m. tuberculosis (mtb) isolates (28) and one out of 38 m. avium-intracellulare (mai) strains, produced a strong contact-dependent haemolysin (cdh). six mai strains expressed a weak cdh. one mai isolate produced a strong and five other mai strains a weak contact-independent haemolysin (cih). two m. bovis bcg strains and 7 m. vaccae strains did not dem ... | 1997 | 9516984 |
| once weekly azithromycin therapy for prevention of mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with aids: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. | we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of azithromycin (1,200 mg once weekly) for the prevention of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in patients with aids and a cd4 cell count of < 100/mm3. in an intent-to-treat analysis through the end of therapy plus 30 days, nine (10.6%) of 85 azithromycin recipients and 22 (24.7%) of 89 placebo recipients developed mac infection (hazard ratio, 0.34; p = .004). there was no difference in the ranges of minimal ... | 1998 | 9524832 |
| adjunctive corticosteroid therapy for patients whose treatment for disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection has failed. | patients with aids and disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection can have progressive disease despite combination antimycobacterial therapy. our goal was to determine the utility of corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for aids patients with disseminated mac infection and refractory symptoms despite combination antimycobacterial therapy. we retrospectively reviewed 12 consecutive patients whose therapy for mac infection clinically failed and who subsequently received low-dose ora ... | 1998 | 9524844 |
| are corticosteroids useful adjunctive agents in the treatment of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection? | | 1998 | 9524845 |
| resolution of mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia following highly active antiretroviral therapy. | | 1998 | 9524856 |
| use of is901 and is1245 in rflp typing of mycobacterium avium complex: relatedness among serovar reference strains, human and animal isolates. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) includes major acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids)-associated pathogens. formerly, mac serotyping was used for epidemiological purposes. recently, restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) typing has become available. | 1998 | 9526198 |
| the yield of bone marrow biopsy and culture compared with blood culture in the evaluation of hiv-infected patients for mycobacterial and fungal infections. | to compare the clinical utility of bone marrow biopsy and culture specimens with blood cultures for mycobacterial and fungal infections among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. | 1998 | 9528729 |
| determination of a 15437 bp nucleotide sequence around the inha gene of mycobacterium avium and similarity analysis of the products of putative orfs. | a 15437 bp region encompassing the inha locus from the mycobacterium avium chromosome was cloned and sequenced. from the sequencing data generated and the results of homology searches, the primary structure of this region was determined. this region contains four known genes (acna, fabg, inha and hemh) and two genes, inva and invb, whose products display homology with p60 invasion protein of listeria monocytogenes. six proteins encoded by putative orfs contained an rgd motif (often involved in b ... | 1998 | 9534249 |
| immunomodulatory treatment of mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia in patients with aids by use of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. | eight aids patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteremia were randomized to receive azithromycin with or without granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) for 6 weeks to examine the effect of gm-csf administration on clearance of mycobacteremia and on monocyte function. superoxide anion production was significantly increased ex vivo in monocytes from patients receiving gm-csf but not in those from patients receiving azithromycin alone. relative to monocytes obtained ... | 1998 | 9534963 |
| expression of katg in mycobacterium tuberculosis is associated with its growth and persistence in mice and guinea pigs. | the molecular mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of tuberculosis are not well understood. the present study evaluated the role of catalase-peroxidase as a potential virulence factor for mycobacterium tuberculosis. growth and persistence of m. tuberculosis h37rv in intravenously infected balb/ c mice were compared with katg-deleted, isoniazid-resistant m. tuberculosis h37rvinhr. transformation of m. tuberculosis h37rv (tbkatg) or mycobacterium intracellulare (mackatg) genes into m. tuber ... | 1998 | 9534978 |
| [usefulness of mycodot test for the detection of anti-mycobacterial antibodies as an aid in the diagnosis of experimental mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex infections in mice]. | the mycodot is a new diagnostic kit for tuberculosis which was devised by dynagen inc., usa. the mycodot test is based on the detection of anti-mycobacterial antibodies in the serum samples of patients by employing plastic combs coated with lipoarabinomannan (lam) antigen which is a highly immunogenic lipopolysaccharide presenting in the cell wall of all species of mycobacteria. it has been reported that healthy infected and bcg-vaccinated individuals do not react to the mycodot test, while a po ... | 1998 | 9545696 |
| [nontuberculous mycobacteriosis; the present status and in the future. mechanisms of host resistance to mycobacterium avium complex and mycobacterium tuberculosis infection]. | in order to know profiles of the antimicrobial action of some microbicidal effector molecules against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and m. tuberculosis (mtb), profiles of collaborating effects among reactive nitrogen intermediates (rni), free fatty acids (ffa), and reactive oxygen intermediates (roi) were studied, rni and ffa exerted synergistic effects in killing mac and mtb, while the combination of roi (h2o2-mediated halogenation system) with ffa conversely caused antagonism. the combinat ... | 1998 | 9545699 |
| [nontuberculous mycobacteriosis; the present status and in the future. 3-(2) long-term prognosis of mycobacterium avium complex disease]. | this paper shows long-term course of 71 patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease treated in national hiroshima hospital between 1977 and 1991 and were observed for more than 5 years or died between 6 months and years from the onset. in the patients who were not treated with chemotherapeutic agent or treated with less than 3 drugs, about 60 per cent deteriorated and few obtained persistent negativity of bacteria. in patients treated with at least 3 drugs out of isoniazid, rifampici ... | 1998 | 9545701 |
| [gene diagnosis and its significance in respiratory tract infections]. | | 1998 | 9549317 |
| mycobacterium terrae: a potential surrogate for mycobacterium tuberculosis in a standard disinfectant test. | the susceptibility of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare to the disinfections used for spillage and heat sensitive instruments has received much attention in recent years. the use of clinical isolates of m. tuberculosis and m. avium-intracellulare as test organisms is considered unsuitable for standard tests due to their hazardous nature (category 3 pathogens and slow growth rates). this has led to much debate in standards committees on the selection and use of a p ... | 1998 | 9561469 |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection associated with bifocal synovitis in a patient with dermatomyositis. | | 1998 | 9564498 |
| haemolysin from mycobacterium avium complex isolates from aids patients. | cell-bound haemolytic activity was observed in isolates of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) from aids patients. m. avium type strains showed negligible activity. none of the culture supernates exhibited any haemolytic activity. zwitterionic detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethyl-ammonio]-1-propanesulphonate (chaps) was used to extract haemolysin from ethanol-treated m. avium complex strain 101 (mac101) cells. haemolysin was isolated from chaps extract (ce) by metal affinity chromatography an ... | 1998 | 9569004 |
| cytokine activation leads to acidification and increases maturation of mycobacterium avium-containing phagosomes in murine macrophages. | mycobacterium avium (mac) organisms multiply in phagosomes that have restricted fusigenicity with lysosomes, do not acidify due to a paucity of vacuolar proton-atpases, yet remain accessible to recycling endosomes. during the course of mycobacterial infections, ifn-gamma-mediated activation of host and bystander macrophages is a key mechanism in the regulation of bacterial growth. here we demonstrate that in keeping with earlier studies, cytokine activation of host macrophages leads to a decreas ... | 1998 | 9570546 |
| patterns of mycobacterium avium culture and pcr positivity in immunodeficient hiv-infected patients: progression from localized to systematic disease, german aids study group (gasg/idkf). | our aim was to establish the frequency and the longitudinal pattern of mac culture positivity in late stage hiv-infected patients. two other aims were to analyse risk factors for progression from localized to systemic disease and the value of pcr diagnosis using blood specimens. a total of 107 patients were recruited to be followed for 32 weeks. prior mac treatment and cd4 > 100/microliters were exclusion criteria. a total of 56 patients showed m. avium in at least 1 culture. 10/37 patients with ... | 1997 | 9571738 |
| evaluation of a disk diffusion method for determining susceptibility of mycobacterium avium complex to clarithromycin. | we evaluated an agar disk diffusion method for determining the susceptibility of mycobacterium avium complex to clarithromycin. isolates were inoculated onto the surface of a middlebrook 7h11 plate, followed by the application of a 15-microgram clarithromycin disk. zone sizes were read after 5-7 days of incubation. zone sizes had a bimodal distribution; 40 isolates (10%) had no zone of inhibition, whereas the zone sizes for the remaining isolates ranged from 11 to 60 mm. most isolates (37/40) ha ... | 1998 | 9572027 |
| evaluation of bactec myco/f lytic medium for recovery of mycobacteria and fungi from blood. | the reliability of myco/f lytic medium in the bactec 9240 blood culture system was evaluated by comparing its performance to that of the isolator system for the recovery of fungi and to that of the esp ii system for the recovery of mycobacteria. of 717 specimens of blood cultured for fungi, 24 were positive; 12 samples were positive with both systems, 7 samples were positive with the isolator system only, and 5 samples were positive with myco/f lytic medium only. fourteen samples grew histoplasm ... | 1998 | 9574671 |
| multicenter comparison of esp culture system ii with bactec 460tb and with lowenstein-jensen medium for recovery of mycobacteria from different clinical specimens, including blood. | the recently developed esp culture system ii (accumed, chicago, ill.) was compared with radiometric bactec 460tb (becton dickinson, towson, md.) and with lowenstein-jensen medium for recovery of mycobacteria from over 2,500 clinical specimens both of respiratory and nonrespiratory origin, including blood. the majority of the 219 mycobacterial isolates (129) belonged to the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, followed by 37 isolates of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and 53 isolates of eigh ... | 1998 | 9574709 |
| roxithromycin: review of its antimicrobial activity. | roxithromycin is a semi-synthetic 14-membered-ring macrolide antibiotic in which the erythronolide a lactone ring has been altered to prevent inactivation in the gastric milieu. the in-vitro activity of roxithromycin is well documented and similar to that of other macrolide antibiotics. roxithromycin is active against gram-positive and gram-negative cocci, gram-positive bacilli and some gram-negative bacilli, but has no significant effect on the predominant faecal flora. it also displays good ac ... | 1998 | 9579708 |
| discontinuation of mycobacterium avium complex prophylaxis in patients with a rise in cd4 cell count following highly active antiretroviral therapy. | | 1998 | 9583614 |
| drug evaluation of concurrent pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii, and mycobacterium avium complex infections in a rat model. | we present a new experimental model for the simultaneous evaluation of the activities of drugs against pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii, and mycobacterium avium complex infections. rats latently infected with p. carinii were challenged with the mo-1 strain of m. avium and then immunosuppressed with corticosteroids for 7 weeks. at week 5 the rh strain of t. gondii was intraperitoneally injected. organs were examined for the three pathogens after death or killing of the animals at week 7. w ... | 1998 | 9593128 |
| weight loss as a predictor of survival and disease progression in hiv infection. terry beirn community programs for clinical research on aids. | severe weight loss in hiv is associated with decreased length of survival. it is unclear whether mild weight loss is associated with an increased risk of death or opportunistic complications of hiv. participants in four interventional studies (n = 2382) conducted by a community-based clinical trials network were evaluated for percentage change in weight during their first 4 months in the study. proportional hazards models were performed for the occurrence of opportunistic complications and death ... | 1998 | 9593462 |
| rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis in various biopsy and body fluid specimens by the amplicor mycobacterium tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction test. | this study was undertaken to determine the usefulness of the amplicor mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test (roche diagnostic systems, inc; branchburg, nj) in diagnosing tb in tissue and body fluid specimens other than respiratory secretions. | 1998 | 9596293 |
| pulmonary complications of hiv infection: autopsy findings. | to describe the pulmonary complications in patients with hiv infection, and the changes in the incidence of these complications over a 12-year period. | 1998 | 9596298 |
| molecular and immunological analyses of the mycobacterium avium homolog of the immunodominant mycobacterium leprae 35-kilodalton protein. | the analysis of host immunity to mycobacteria and the development of discriminatory diagnostic reagents relies on the characterization of conserved and species-specific mycobacterial antigens. in this report, we have characterized the mycobacterium avium homolog of the highly immunogenic m. leprae 35-kda protein. the genes encoding these two proteins were well conserved, having 82% dna identity and 90% identity at the amino acid level. moreover both proteins, purified from the fast-growing host ... | 1998 | 9596734 |