| identifying putative candidate genes and pathways involved in immune responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection. | differences in gene expression were compared between rnas from lungs of high (hr) and low (lr) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) burden pigs using the swine protein-annotated long oligonucleotide microarray, the pigoligoarray. pathway analyses were carried out to determine biological processes, pathways and networks that differ between the lr and hr responses. differences existed between hr and lr pigs for 16 signalling pathways [p < 0.01/-log (p-value) >1.96]. top cano ... | 2011 | 22486506 |
| diagnostic investigation of porcine periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome: lack of compelling evidence linking to common porcine pathogens. | porcine periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome (pfts), an increasingly recognized syndrome in the swine industry of north america, is characterized by the anorexia of nursery pigs noticeable within 1 week of weaning, and progressive loss of body condition and lethargy during the next 1-2 weeks. morbidity caused by pfts is moderate, but case fatality is high. the etiology of pfts is presently unknown and may include infectious agent(s), noninfectious factors, or both. pfts was identified in a hig ... | 2011 | 22362939 |
| influence of prolonged formalin fixation of tissue samples on the sensitivity of chromogenic in situ hybridization. | chromogenic in situ hybridization (ish) is a commonly used tool in diagnostic pathology to detect pathogens in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (ffpe) tissue sections. prolonged formalin fixation time was identified to be a limiting factor for the successful detection of nucleic acid from different pathogens, most probably due to the cross-linking activity of formalin between rna, dna, and proteins. therefore, in the current study, the influence of formalin fixation time on ish signal intensity ... | 2011 | 22362804 |
| evaluation of flinders technology associates cards for collection and transport of samples for detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. | blood, tissue and oral fluid samples collected from experimentally infected animals and field cases were used to evaluate the safety, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of flinders technology associates (fta) cards for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) diagnostics. the analytical sensitivity of prrsv rt-pcr from serum and oral fluids in fta cards was reduced, although the virus could still be detected at conce ... | 2011 | 22362527 |
| [molecular characterization of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolate nt0801 from china]. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is one of the important pathogens causing serious economic losses to swine industry worldwide. prrsv is genetically and pathologically heterogenous. prrsv nt0801 strain was isolated in a pig farm with clinical signs and had high pathogenesis in piglets. but its nsp2 gene did not have 30 amino acids deletion as highly pathogenic jxa1 strain. to elucidate the genetic characteristics of prrsv nt0801 strain, the full-length genome of nt0801 ... | 2011 | 22263266 |
| mutations in the genome of the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus potentially related to attenuation. | a live-attenuated highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (hp-prrs) virus (hp-prrsv) tjm vaccine strain was derived from the hp-prrsv tj strain by passage 92 times in the african green monkey kidney epithelial cell line marc-145. we found that the virulence of the tj strain to piglets was decreased greatly from passage 19. to identify mutations associated with attenuation of the tjm vaccine strain, we determined the nucleotide changes that arose during marc-145 passage of ... | 2011 | 22245402 |
| infectious agents associated with respiratory diseases in 125 farrow-to-finish pig herds: a cross-sectional study. | a study was carried out in 125 farrow-to-finish pig herds to assess the relationships between pathogens involved in respiratory disorders and to relate these findings to clinical signs of respiratory diseases and pneumonia and pleuritis at slaughter. clinical examination and sampling were carried out on four different batches in each herd (pigs aged 4, 10, 16 and 22 weeks). mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, swine influenza viruses (siv), porcine reproductive and respirat ... | 2011 | 22226820 |
| in-depth global analysis of transcript abundance levels in porcine alveolar macrophages following infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is a major pathogen of swine worldwide and causes considerable economic loss. identifying specific cell signaling or activation pathways that associate with variation in prrsv replication and macrophage function may lead to identification of novel gene targets for the control of prrsv infection. serial analysis of gene expression (sage) was used to create and survey the transcriptome of in vitro mock-infected and prrsv strain vr-2332-in ... | 2011 | 22331987 |
| [construction and identification of a recombinant prrsv expressing protective antigens of type o foot-and-mouth disease virus]. | using mutation pcr, we cloned the target gene containing 421-480nt (141-160aa) and 598-639nt (200-213aa) of vp1 gene of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) into the deleted region (508-532aa) of nsp2 gene of a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus derived vaccine strain (hun4-f112) that was used as vector. the recombinant cdna was in vitro transcribed followed by transfection of bhk-21 cells for 36 h. then, the supernatant of the cell culture was continuously seed ... | 2012 | 23593867 |
| suppression of immune responses in pigs by nonstructural protein 1 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is characterized by a delayed and defective adaptive immune response. the viral nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) of the prrs virus (prrsv) is able to suppress the type i interferon (ifn) response in vitro. in this study, recombinant adenoviruses (rads) expressing nsp1 (rad-nsp1), glycoprotein 5 (gp5) (rad-gp5), and the nsp1-gp5 fusion protein (rad-nsp1-gp5) were constructed, and the effect of nsp1 on immune responses was investigated in pigs. pi ... | 2012 | 23543950 |
| molecular characterization of a complete genome and 12 nsp2 genes of prrsv of southwestern china. | one genome and 12 nsp2 genes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), isolated from southwestern china during 2009-2010, were sequenced and analyzed. the whole genome comparison analysis revealed that scwhn09cd is a north american-type prrsv with separate 30aa deletion in nsp2 gene, and its sequence highly identical to highly pathogenic prrsv (hp-prrsv) outbreak in 2006 in almost half area of china. however, an extra 7aa deletion was detected in its nsp2 coding region. bas ... | 2012 | 23412837 |
| control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) through genetic improvements in disease resistance and tolerance. | infections caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) have a severe economic impact on pig production in north america, europe, and asia. the emergence and eventual predominance of prrs in the 1990s are the likely result of changes in the pork industry initiated in the late 1970s, which allowed the virus to occupy a unique niche within a modern commercial production system. prrsv infection is responsible for severe clinical disease, but can maintain a life-long subclin ... | 2012 | 23403935 |
| amino acid at position 176 was essential for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) non-structural protein 1α (nsp1α) as an inhibitor to the induction of ifn-β. | previous studies have shown that porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) nonstructural protein 1α (nsp1α) was the interferon (ifn) antagonist. however, the mechanism was unclear. in the present study, deletion of the carboxyl-terminal extension (cte) (167-180 amino acid (aa)) made nsp1α lose its inhibitory ability to the induction of ifn-β. and a series of c-terminal truncated mutants for nsp1α showed that 1-176 aa of nsp1α was able to inhibit the induction of ifn-β and delet ... | 2012 | 23399837 |
| [advance in immunology and immune evasion of prrsv]. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) continues to be a threat, causing economically significant impacts on the swine industry worldwide. unfortunately, the traditional control strategies and conventional vaccines fail to provide sustainable disease control, in particular against genetically diverse strains, as they suffer from both antigenic heterogeneity and various immune evasion strategies of prrsv. in this paper, latest research progress in immunology and immune evasio ... | 2012 | 23367571 |
| characterizing differential individual response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection through statistical and functional analysis of gene expression. | we evaluated differences in gene expression in pigs from the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) host genetics consortium initiative showing a range of responses to prrs virus infection. pigs were allocated into four phenotypic groups according to their serum viral level and weight gain. rna obtained from blood at 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 28, and 42 days post-infection (dpi) was hybridized to the 70-mer 20k pigoligoarray. we used a blocked reference design for the microarray experiment. ... | 2012 | 23335940 |
| increased pathogenicity of european porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus is associated with enhanced adaptive responses and viral clearance. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is one of the most economically important diseases of swine worldwide. since its first emergence in 1987 the prrs virus (prrsv) has become particularly divergent with highly pathogenic strains appearing in both europe and asia. however, the underlying mechanisms of prrsv pathogenesis are still unclear. this study sets out to determine the differences in pathogenesis between subtype 1 and 3 strains of european prrsv (prrsv-i), and compare the i ... | 2012 | 23313323 |
| degradation of creb-binding protein and modulation of type i interferon induction by the zinc finger motif of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nsp1α subunit. | non-structural protein (nsp) 1 of prrs virus is a viral antagonist for type i interferons (ifns), and in cells expressing nsp1, creb-binding protein (cbp) is degraded. nsp1 is auto-processed into nsp1α and nsp1β subunits and in the present study we show that the nsp1α subunit was responsible for cbp degradation. the nsp1α subunit contains three distinct functional motifs; a papain-like cysteine protease α (pcpα) motif, an n-terminal zinc finger motif (zf1), and a newly reported c-terminal zinc f ... | 2012 | 23287061 |
| a survey of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome among wild boar populations in korea. | no information is currently available on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection in wild boars (sus scrofa) in korea. in this study, the status of prrs in wild boars was investigated. blood samples were collected from 267 wild boars from eight provinces in korea. four of the samples tested (1.5%) were positive for prrsv antibodies and eight (3.0%) were positive for antigens. of the virus-positive samples, three and five samples were typed as containing european (eu, ... | 2012 | 23271179 |
| immunopathogenesis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in the respiratory tract of pigs. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus (prrsv) impairs local pulmonary immune responses by damaging the mucociliary transport system, impairing the function of porcine alveolar macrophages andinducing apoptosis of immune cells. an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10, in prrs may impair the immune response of the lung. pulmonary macrophage subpopulations have a range of susceptibilities to different prrs ... | 2012 | 23265866 |
| the effect of infection order of porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on dually infected swine alveolar macrophages. | concurrent infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is known as one of the major causes for porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc). dual infection with pcv2 and prrsv is consistently to have more severe clinical presentations and pulmonary lesions than infection with pcv2 alone or prrsv alone. however, it is not known if dual infections with pcv2 and prrsv in different infection order may lead to different clinical sympto ... | 2012 | 23009687 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activities of animal-used quinoxaline 1,4-di-n-oxides against mycobacteria, mycoplasma and fungi. | the quinoxaline 1,4-di-n-oxides (qdnos) were known as potent antibacterial agents. for the purpose of evaluating the bioactivity of existing animal-used qdnos drugs against representative pathogenic microorganism, the representative drugs of quinoxalines including cyadox, mequindox, quinocetone and their metabolites were submitted to the in vitro evaluation for antituberculosis, antimycoplasma, antifungal and antiviral activities. | 2016 | 27600955 |
| use of h-index and other bibliometric indicators to evaluate research productivity outcome on swine diseases. | h-index is the most commonly applied tool to evaluate scientific productivity. in this study, the use of the h-index to evaluate scientific production in swine veterinary medicine was explored. a database of 137 pig infectious agents was constructed, including its taxonomic division, zoonotic potential, status as emerging pathogen and whether it was oie-listed. the h-index and the total number of citations were calculated for those pathogens, the location of the affiliation of the first author o ... | 2016 | 26930283 |
| evaluation of an electrostatic particle ionization technology for decreasing airborne pathogens in pigs. | influenza a virus (iav), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and staphylococcus aureus are important swine pathogens capable of being transmitted via aerosols. the electrostatic particle ionization system (epi) consists of a conductive line that emits negative ions that charge particles electrically resulting in the settling of airborne particles onto surfaces and potentially decreasing the risk of pathogen dissemination. the object ... | 2015 | 27616810 |
| severity of bovine tuberculosis is associated with co-infection with common pathogens in wild boar. | co-infections with parasites or viruses drive tuberculosis dynamics in humans, but little is known about their effects in other non-human hosts. this work aims to investigate the relationship between mycobacterium bovis infection and other pathogens in wild boar (sus scrofa), a recognized reservoir of bovine tuberculosis (btb) in mediterranean ecosystems. for this purpose, it has been assessed whether contacts with common concomitant pathogens are associated with the development of severe btb le ... | 2014 | 25350002 |
| the impact of fusarium mycotoxins on human and animal host susceptibility to infectious diseases. | contamination of food and feed with mycotoxins is a worldwide problem. at present, acute mycotoxicosis caused by high doses is rare in humans and animals. ingestion of low to moderate amounts of fusarium mycotoxins is common and generally does not result in obvious intoxication. however, these low amounts may impair intestinal health, immune function and/or pathogen fitness, resulting in altered host pathogen interactions and thus a different outcome of infection. this review summarizes the curr ... | 2014 | 24476707 |
| different clinical, virological, serological and tissue tropism outcomes of two new and one old belgian type 1 subtype 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (prrsv) isolates. | in this study, the pathogenic behavior of prrsv 13v091 and 13v117, isolated in 2013 from two different belgian farms with enzootic respiratory problems shortly after weaning in the nursery, were compared with the belgian strain 07v063 isolated in 2007. full-length genome sequencing was performed to identify their origin. twelve weeks-old pigs were inoculated intranasally (in) with 13v091, 13v117 or 07v063 (9 pigs/group). at 10 days post inoculation (dpi), 4 animals from each group were euthanize ... | 2015 | 25885416 |
| retrospective analysis of bacterial and viral co-infections in pneumocystis spp. positive lung samples of austrian pigs with pneumonia. | aim of this study was the retrospective investigation of viral (porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), torque teno sus virus type 1 and 2 (ttsuv1, ttsuv2)) and bacterial (bordetella bronchiseptica (b. b.), mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (m. h.), and pasteurella multocida (p. m.)) co-infections in 110 pneumocystis spp. positive lung samples of austrian pigs with pneumonia. fifty-one % were positive for pcv2, 7% for prrsv, 22% for ttsuv1, 48% for t ... | 2016 | 27428002 |
| heterologous expression of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus glycoprotein 5 in bordetella bronchisepticaaroa mutant. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is an economically important disease around the globe. protection against this virus remains problematic. here, we evaluated antibody (igg & iga) inducibility of a heterologous prrsv glycoprotein 5 (gp5) expressed in a live attenuated bordetella bronchisepticaaroa mutant strain (bbs-gp5). mice and pigs were primed with recombinant gp5 (rgp5) subcutaneously followed by boosting with live bbs-gp5. as a result, anti-gp5 igg was induced in ... | 2016 | 27349762 |
| safety and early onset of immunity with a novel european porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine in young piglets. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) can be difficult to manage in commercial settings. a novel type i prrsv vaccinal strain (94881) was evaluated for safety and efficacy/onset of immunity (ooi) in piglets. in 2 experiments, groups of piglets were vaccinated intramuscularly (im) at approximately 14 d of age with a maximum-range commercial dose, an overdose, or a placebo in experiment 1 and either a minimum-range commercial dose or a placebo in experiment 2. the piglets in ... | 2016 | 27127339 |
| serum-derived exosomes from non-viremic animals previously exposed to the porcine respiratory and reproductive virus contain antigenic viral proteins. | prrsv is the etiological agent of one of the most important swine diseases with a significant economic burden worldwide and limitations in vaccinology. exosomes are 30-100 nm vesicles of endocytic origin. remarkably, immunizations with exosomes containing antigens from tumors or pathogens are capable of eliciting protective immune responses, albeit variably, in cancer and infectious diseases. here we describe the isolation, molecular composition and immunogenicity of serum-derived exosomes from ... | 2016 | 27246926 |
| nonstructural protein 2 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus inhibits the antiviral function of interferon-stimulated gene 15. | type i interferon (alpha/beta interferon [ifn-α/β]) stimulates the expression of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (isg15), which encodes a ubiquitin-like protein, isg15. free isg15 and isg15 conjugates function in diverse cellular pathways, particularly regulation of antiviral innate immune responses. in this study, we demonstrate that isg15 overexpression inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) replication in cell culture and that the antiviral activity of interferon i ... | 2012 | 22258253 |
| molecular evolution of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses circulating in vietnam from 2007 to 2015. | porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome (prrs) virus is one of the most economically significant pathogens in the vietnamese swine industry. orf5, which participates in many functional processes, including virion assembly, entry of the virus into the host cell, and viral adaptation to the host immune response, has been widely used in molecular evolution and phylogeny studies. knowing of molecular evolution of prrsv fields strains might contribute to prrs control in vietnam. | 2016 | 27855667 |
| sensing of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-infected macrophages by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) represents a macrophage (mø)-tropic virus which is unable to induce interferon (ifn) type i in its target cells. nevertheless, infected pigs show a short but prominent systemic ifn alpha (ifn-α) response. a possible explanation for this discrepancy is the ability of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdc) to produce ifn-α in response to free prrsv virions, independent of infection. here, we show that the highly pathogenic prrsv genotype 1 st ... | 2016 | 27458429 |
| detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in oral fluid from naturally infected pigs in a breeding herd. | the objectives of the present study were to evaluate the anatomic localization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in naturally infected pigs and to determine whether oral fluid could be used to detect the virus in infected animals. two sows, seven 2-month-old grower pigs, and 70 6-month-old gilts were included in this study. prrsv in sera and oral fluid were identified by nested reverse transcription pcr (nrt-pcr) while lung, tonsil, and tissue associated with oral ca ... | 2014 | 24690609 |
| monkey viperin restricts porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is an important pathogen which causes huge economic damage globally in the swine industry. current vaccination strategies provide only limited protection against prrsv infection. viperin is an interferon (ifn) stimulated protein that inhibits some virus infections via ifn-dependent or ifn-independent pathways. however, the role of viperin in prrsv infection is not well understood. in this study, we cloned the full-length monkey viperin ... | 2016 | 27232627 |
| rapid and specific detection of porcine parvovirus using real-time pcr and high resolution melting (hrm) analysis. | porcine parvovirus (ppv) is the important causative agent for infectious infertility, which is a fairly tough virus that multiplies normally in the intestine of pigs without causing clinical signs in the world. | 2015 | 25879634 |
| cyclophilin inhibitors block arterivirus replication by interfering with viral rna synthesis. | virus replication strongly depends on cellular factors, in particular, on host proteins. here we report that the replication of the arteriviruses equine arteritis virus (eav) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is strongly affected by low-micromolar concentrations of cyclosporine a (csa), an inhibitor of members of the cyclophilin (cyp) family. in infected cells, the expression of a green fluorescent protein (gfp) reporter gene inserted into the prrsv genome was inhib ... | 2012 | 23152531 |
| prevalence of swine viral and bacterial pathogens in rodents and stray cats captured around pig farms in korea. | in 2008, 102 rodents and 24 stray cats from the areas around 9 pig farms in northeast south korea were used to determine the prevalence of the following selected swine pathogens: ten viral pathogens [porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), rotavirus, classical swine fever virus (csfv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine parvovirus (ppv), pseudorabies ... | 2013 | 23892461 |
| encephalomyocarditis virus 3c protease relieves traf family member-associated nf-κb activator (tank) inhibitory effect on traf6-mediated nf-κb signaling through cleavage of tank. | traf family member-associated nf-κb activator (tank) is a negative regulator of canonical nf-κb signaling in the toll-like receptor- and b-cell receptor-mediated signaling pathways. however, functions of tank in viral infection-mediated nf-κb activation remain unclear. here, we reported that tank was cleaved by encephalomyocarditis virus 3c at the 197 and 291 glutamine residues, which depends on its cysteine protease activity. in addition, encephalomyocarditis virus 3c impaired the ability of ta ... | 2015 | 26363073 |
| induction of ros generation and nf-κb activation in marc-145 cells by a novel porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in southwest of china isolate. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is the cause of an economically important swine disease that has devastated the swine industry since the late 1980s. the aim of the present study was to investigate the interaction between reactive oxygen species (ros) and nf-κb by prrsv infection. | 2015 | 26358082 |
| inhibition of hsp70 reduces porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication in vitro. | successful viral infection requires the involvement of host cellular factors in their life cycle. heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) can be recruited by numerous viruses to promote the folding, maturation, or assembly of viral proteins. we have previously shown that hsp70 is significantly elevated in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv)-infected lungs, suggesting hsp70 may play a potential role during prrsv infection. in this study, we tried to investigate the role of hsp70 dur ... | 2014 | 24625230 |
| techniques for thoracic duct cannulation without thoracotomy in piglets. | pigs are the natural hosts of many zoonotic pathogens such as influenza viruses and staphylococcus aureus and thus have advantages over non-natural hosts when studying these zoonotic diseases. in addition, pulmonary infections are a key issue in the pig industry, for example: porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. exploration of the pathogenesis of swine pulmonary infections, in particular at the onset of disease, will provide valuable information for the development of v ... | 2016 | 27630098 |
| a single amino acid deletion in the matrix protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus confers resistance to a polyclonal swine antibody with broadly neutralizing activity. | assessment of virus neutralization (vn) activity in 176 pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) identified one pig with broadly neutralizing activity. a tyr-10 deletion in the matrix protein provided escape from broad neutralization without affecting homologous neutralizing activity. the role of the tyr-10 deletion was confirmed through an infectious clone with a tyr-10 deletion. the results demonstrate differences in the properties and specificities of vn ... | 2015 | 25855739 |
| nsp9 and nsp10 contribute to the fatal virulence of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus emerging in china. | atypical porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs), which is caused by the chinese highly pathogenic prrs virus (hp-prrsv), has resulted in large economic loss to the swine industry since its outbreak in 2006. however, to date, the region(s) within the viral genome that are related to the fatal virulence of hp-prrsv remain unknown. in the present study, we generated a series of full-length infectious cdna clones with swapped coding regions between the highly pathogenic rvjxwn and low ... | 2014 | 24992286 |
| induction of apoptosis by the nonstructural protein 4 and 10 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | infection by most viruses triggers apoptosis in host cells, and viruses manipulate this cell response to promote viral replication, virus spread, and cell killing. porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has been shown to induce apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, while the regulatory roles of prrsv-encoded products in apoptosis are not fully understood. in the present study, we first showed a biphasic apoptosis regulation by a highly pathogenic prrsv strain jxwn06. it was i ... | 2016 | 27310256 |
| efficient -2 frameshifting by mammalian ribosomes to synthesize an additional arterivirus protein. | programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 prf) is a gene-expression mechanism used to express many viral and some cellular genes. in contrast, efficient natural utilization of -2 prf has not been demonstrated previously in eukaryotic systems. like all nidoviruses, members of the arteriviridae (a family of positive-stranded rna viruses) express their replicase polyproteins pp1a and pp1ab from two long orfs (1a and 1b), where synthesis of pp1ab depends on -1 prf. these polyproteins are posttransla ... | 2012 | 23043113 |
| xenoepitope substitution avoids deceptive imprinting and broadens the immune response to foot-and-mouth disease virus. | many rna viruses encode error-prone polymerases which introduce mutations into b and t cell epitopes, providing a mechanism for immunological escape. when regions of hypervariability are found within immunodominant epitopes with no known function, they are referred to as "decoy epitopes," which often deceptively imprint the host's immune response. in this work, a decoy epitope was identified in the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotype o vp1 g-h loop after multiple sequence alignment of 1 ... | 2012 | 22323558 |
| construction and in vitro evaluation of a recombinant live attenuated prrsv expressing gm-csf. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) continues to be an important problem for the swine industry. inactivated vaccines and modified-live virus vaccines are widely used in the field; however, the efficacy of these prrsv vaccines is suboptimal due to poor immunogenicity. granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (gm-csf) has been extensively used as an effective genetic and protein adjuvant to enhance the efficiencies vaccines expressing tumor or pathogen antigens. th ... | 2014 | 25420583 |
| comparison of host genetic factors influencing pig response to infection with two north american isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is one of the most important swine diseases in the world and genetic selection of pigs for increased resistance to prrs is an attractive method to improve the health status of the swine herd. this study compared phenotypic and genetic responses to infection with one of two genetically distinct type 2 prrs virus (prrsv) isolates: nvsl-97-7895 (nvsl) and ks-2006-72109 (ks06), and evaluated whether the single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) wur1000 ... | 2016 | 27324857 |
| an innovative approach to induce cross-protective immunity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in the lungs of pigs through adjuvanted nanotechnology-based vaccination. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is an economically devastating respiratory disease of pigs. the disease is caused by the prrs virus (prrsv), an arterivirus which is a highly mutating rna virus. widely used modified live prrsv vaccines have failed to prevent prrs outbreaks and reinfections; moreover, safety of the live virus vaccines is questionable. though poorly immunogenic, inactivated prrsv vaccine is safe. the prrsv infects primarily the lung macrophages. therefore, we a ... | 2014 | 24711701 |
| a direct real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid high-throughput detection of highly pathogenic north american porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in china without rna purification. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), and particularly its highly pathogenic genotype (hp-prrsv), have caused massive economic losses to the global swine industry. | 2014 | 25324970 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induces interleukin-15 through the nf-κb signaling pathway. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) mainly infects macrophages/dendritic cells and modulates cytokine expression in these cells. interleukin-15 (il-15) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in wide range of biological activities. it has been shown to be essential for the generation, activation, and proliferation of nk and nkt cells and for the survival and activation of cd8(+) effector and memory t cells. in this study, we discovered that prrsv infection upregulated il-15 pr ... | 2012 | 22573868 |
| microrna mir-24-3p promotes porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication through suppression of heme oxygenase-1 expression. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is one of the most economically important viruses affecting the swine industry worldwide. our previous research showed that prrsv downregulates the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1), a pivotal cytoprotective enzyme, postinfection and that overexpression of ho-1 inhibits prrsv replication. micrornas regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and have recently been demonstrated to play vital roles in pathogen-host inter ... | 2015 | 25653454 |
| genome-wide association and genomic prediction for host response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. | host genetics has been shown to play a role in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs), which is the most economically important disease in the swine industry. a region on sus scrofa chromosome (ssc) 4 has been previously reported to have a strong association with serum viremia and weight gain in pigs experimentally infected with the prrs virus (prrsv). the objective here was to identify haplotypes associated with the favorable phenotype, investigate additional genomic regions assoc ... | 2014 | 24592976 |
| genomic variation in macrophage-cultured european porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus olot/91 revealed using ultra-deep next generation sequencing. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is a disease of major economic impact worldwide. the etiologic agent of this disease is the prrs virus (prrsv). increasing evidence suggest that microevolution within a coexisting quasispecies population can give rise to high sequence heterogeneity in prrsv. | 2014 | 24588855 |
| highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induces prostaglandin e2 production through cyclooxygenase 1, which is dependent on the erk1/2-p-c/ebp-β pathway. | atypical porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) caused by highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) is characterized by high fever and high mortality. however, the mechanism underlying the fever induction is still unknown. prostaglandin e2 (pge2), synthesized by cyclooxygenase type 1/2 (cox-1/2) enzymes, is essential for inducing fever. in this study, we found that pge2, together with cox-1, was significantly elevated by hp-prrsv. we subsequen ... | 2013 | 24352469 |
| genome-wide gene expression profiles in lung tissues of pig breeds differing in resistance to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) caused by prrs virus (prrsv) is an infectious disease characterized by severe reproductive deficiency in pregnant sows, typical respiratory symptoms in piglets, and high mortality rate of piglets. in this study, we employed an affymetrix microarray chip to compare the gene expression profiles of lung tissue samples from dapulian (dpl) pigs (a chinese indigenous pig breed) and duroc×landrace×yorkshire (dly) pigs after infection with prrsv. duri ... | 2014 | 24465897 |
| identification of differentially expressed proteins in porcine alveolar macrophages infected with virulent/attenuated strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) is still a serious threat to the swine industry. however, the pathogenic mechanism of hp-prrsv remains unclear. we infected host porcine alveolar macrophages (pams) with the virulent hun4 strain and the attenuated hun4-f112 strain and then utilized fluorescent two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2d-dige) to screen for intracellular proteins that were differentially expressed in host cells infected wi ... | 2014 | 24465692 |
| reactomes of porcine alveolar macrophages infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) has devastated pig industries worldwide for many years. it is caused by a small rna virus (prrsv), which targets almost exclusively pig monocytes or macrophages. in the present study, five sage (serial analysis of gene expression) libraries derived from 0 hour mock-infected and 6, 12, 16 and 24 hours prrsv-infected porcine alveolar macrophages (pams) produced a total 643,255 sequenced tags with 91,807 unique tags. differentially expressed (de) ... | 2013 | 23527143 |
| immunogenic and protective properties of gp5 and m structural proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus expressed from replicating but nondisseminating adenovectors. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is responsible for significant economic losses in the porcine industry. currently available commercial vaccines do not allow optimal and safe protection. in this study, replicating but nondisseminating adenovectors (radv) were used for the first time in pigs for vaccinal purposes. they were expressing the prrsv matrix m protein in fusion with either the envelope gp5 wild-type protein (m-gp5) which carries the major neutralizing antibody ... | 2013 | 23497101 |
| exposure of feral swine (sus scrofa) in the united states to selected pathogens. | feral swine (sus scrofa) are widely distributed in the united states. in 2011 and 2012, serum samples and tonsils were recovered from 162 and 37 feral swine, respectively, in the us to evaluate exposure to important swine endemic pathogens. antibodies against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) were found in 2.5% and 25.3% of tested sera, respectively. positive serological reactions against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and actinobacillus p ... | 0 | 25673913 |
| distinct functional enrichment of transcriptional signatures in pigs with high and low ifn-gamma responses after vaccination with a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). | little is known about the host factor in the response to prrsv vaccination. for this purpose, piglets were immunized with a commercial prrsv-live vaccine and classified as high responders (hr) or low responders (lr) as regards to the frequencies of virus-specific ifn-γ-secreting cells. six weeks post vaccination, pbmcs isolated from three individuals with the most extreme responses in each hr and lr groups and 3 unvaccinated controls, were either stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin, challenged w ... | 2016 | 27765052 |
| detection and molecular characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in lithuanian wild boar populations. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is recognized worldwide as an important and economically devastating pathogen in pig production. although prrsv is widespread in domestic swine, there is a lack of information regarding prrsv infection in european wild boars (sus scrofa). currently available information does not provide conclusive evidence that wild boars are a reservoir of prrsv. nevertheless, wild boars may be likely to become infected by domestic swine through occasi ... | 2016 | 27608974 |
| deciphering transcriptome profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to prrsv vaccination in pigs. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is one of the most economically important viral diseases affecting swine industry worldwide. despite routine farm vaccination, effective control strategies for prrs remained elusive which underscores the need for in-depth studies to gain insight into the host immune response to vaccines. the current study aimed to investigate transcriptional responses to prrs virus (prrsv) vaccine in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) within 3 days ... | 2016 | 27528396 |
| increasing expression of microrna 181 inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication and has implications for controlling virus infection. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is one of the most important viral pathogens in the swine industry. emerging evidence indicates that the host micrornas (mirnas) are involved in host-pathogen interactions. however, whether host mirnas can target prrsv and be used to inhibit prrsv infection has not been reported. recently, microrna 181 (mir-181) has been identified as a positive regulator of immune response, and here we report that mir-181 can directly impair prrsv infe ... | 2012 | 23152505 |
| identification of a putative quantitative trait nucleotide in guanylate binding protein 5 for host response to prrs virus infection. | previously, we identified a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) for host response to porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (prrsv) infection in high linkage disequilibrium (ld) with snp rs80800372 on sus scrofa chromosome 4 (ssc4). | 2015 | 26016888 |
| early postnatal respiratory viral infection induces structural and neurochemical changes in the neonatal piglet brain. | infections that cause inflammation during the postnatal period are common, yet little is known about their impact on brain development in gyrencephalic species. to address this issue, we investigated brain development in domestic piglets which have brain growth and morphology similar to human infants, after experimentally infecting them with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) to induce an interstitial pneumonia piglets were inoculated with prrsv on postnatal day (pd) 7 a ... | 2015 | 25967923 |
| characterization of the micrornaome in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infected macrophages. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), a member of the arterivirus family, is the causative agent of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs). prrs is characterized by late term abortions and respiratory disease, particularly in young pigs. small regulatory rnas termed microrna (mirna) are associated with gene regulation at the post-transcriptional level. mirnas are known to play many diverse and complex roles in viral infections. to discover the impact of prrsv ... | 2013 | 24339989 |
| maternal and fetal predictors of fetal viral load and death in third trimester, type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infected pregnant gilts. | minimal research has focused on understanding mechanisms underlying porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) induced reproductive failure. we have completed a large-scale project investigating phenotypic and genotypic predictors of reproductive prrs severity in which numerous clinical, pathological, immunologic and viral responses were characterized in dams and fetuses. the goal was to determine which phenotypic responses were associated with fetal viral load and death after e ... | 2015 | 26407558 |
| a serosurvey for selected pathogens in greek european wild boar. | serum samples, collected from 94 european wild boar (sus scrofa) during the hunting seasons 2006 -2010 from different regions of greece, were examined in order to estimate the role of these wildlife species as reservoir of pathogens important for livestock and/or public health. | 2015 | 26392908 |
| identification of mirnomes reveals ssc-mir-30d-r_1 as a potential therapeutic target for prrs viral infection. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is known to cause reproductive disorders, such as abortion, in pregnant sows as well as immunosuppressive respiratory complications, leading to severe respiratory tract infections in young pigs. in this study, an in-depth analysis of the mirnomes in mock- and virus-infected pig lungs was carried out. we found that highly expressed ssc-mir-30d-r_1 was decreased in infected lungs, and reduced levels were significantly correlated with infe ... | 2016 | 27117627 |
| bioinformatic analyses in early host response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) reveals pathway differences between pigs with alternate genotypes for a major host response qtl. | a region on sus scrofa chromosome 4 (ssc4) surrounding single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) marker wur10000125 (wur) has been reported to be strongly associated with both weight gain and serum viremia in pigs after infection with prrs virus (prrsv). a proposed causal mutation in the guanylate binding protein 5 gene (gbp5) is predicted to truncate the encoded protein. to investigate transcriptional differences between wur genotypes in early host response to prrsv infection, an rna-seq experiment ... | 2016 | 26951612 |
| a genome-wide association study of fetal response to type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus challenge. | control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is economically important for the swine industry worldwide. as current prrs vaccines do not completely protect against heterologous challenge, alternative means of control, including enhanced genetic resilience, are needed. for reproductive prrs, the genetic basis of fetal response to prrs virus (prrsv) infection is poorly understood. genome-wide association studies (gwas) were done here using data from 928 fetuses from pregnant gil ... | 2016 | 26846722 |
| no clear effect of initiating vaccination against common endemic infections on the amounts of prescribed antimicrobials for danish weaner and finishing pigs during 2007-2013. | it is often stated that vaccines may help reduce antimicrobial use in swine production. however, limited evidence is available outside clinical trials. we studied the change in amounts of antimicrobials prescribed for weaners and finishers in herds following initiation of vaccination against five common endemic infections: mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, porcine circovirus type ii, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and lawsonia intracellularis. compa ... | 2016 | 28138438 |
| enriched housing reduces disease susceptibility to co-infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (prrsv) and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (a. pleuropneumoniae) in young pigs. | until today, anti-microbial drugs have been the therapy of choice to combat bacterial diseases. resistance against antibiotics is of growing concern in man and animals. stress, caused by demanding environmental conditions, can reduce immune protection in the host, influencing the onset and outcome of infectious diseases. therefore psychoneuro-immunological intervention may prove to be a successful approach to diminish the impact of diseases and antibiotics use. this study was designed to investi ... | 2016 | 27606818 |
| a survey of porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) associated pathogens among commercial pig farms of korea via oral fluid method. | oral fluid analysis for monitoring herd is an interest in commercial pig farms in korea. the aim of this study was to investigate the positive rates and correlation of eight pathogens associated with porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) by analyzing oral fluid samples from 214 pig groups from 56 commercial farms. the samples collected by rope-chewing method were analyzed with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) or standard pcr depending on microorganisms. the pathogens ... | 2016 | 27586468 |
| factors associated with herd-level prrsv infection and age-time to seroconversion in farrow-to-finish herds. | factors associated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection were investigated in 109 herds. serums from four batches of pigs (4, 10, 16 and 22 weeks, 15 pigs/batch) were tested by elisa for prrsv antibodies. infection by mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mhp), actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, h1n1 and h1n2 swine influenza a viruses (swiav) and pcv2 were detected by specific serological or pcr tests. data related to herd characteristics, biosecurity, management housing a ... | 2016 | 27527759 |
| actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae induces sjpl cell cycle arrest in g2/m-phase and inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is one of the most important pathogens in the swine industry and causes important economic losses. no effective antiviral drugs against it are commercially available. we recently reported that the culture supernatant of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the porcine pleuropneumonia causative agent, has an antiviral activity in vitro against prrsv in sjpl cells. objectives of this study were (i) to identify the mechanism behind the antivir ... | 2015 | 26577697 |
| erythema multiforme associated with respiratory disease in a commercial breeding pig herd. | this study describes an erythema multiforme (em) in breeding sows, after their mixing in the group housing system. sows at 30-35 days of gestation showed red and raised skin areas, depression, anorexia, fever, respiratory problems, and increased return to estrus. blood and nasal samples from diseased sows were examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for respiratory pathogens. hematological and biochemical analyses were performed on the blood sampl ... | 2015 | 26266696 |
| exposure of extensively farmed wild boars (sus scrofa scrofa) to selected pig pathogens in greece. | increased density and distribution of wild boar populations are likely to promote interactions and transmission of certain pathogens, not only among wild boar but also from wild boar to livestock or humans and vice versa. | 2015 | 25774434 |
| association of swine influenza h1n1 pandemic virus (siv-h1n1p) with porcine respiratory disease complex in sows from commercial pig farms in colombia. | porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) is a serious health problem that mainly affects growing and finishing pigs. prdc is caused by a combination of viral and bacterial agents, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), swine influenza virus (siv), mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (myh), actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (app), pasteurella multocida and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2). to characterize the specific role of swine influenza virus in prdc presentation in colombia, 1 ... | 2014 | 25160760 |
| actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae possesses an antiviral activity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | pigs are often colonized by more than one bacterial and/or viral species during respiratory tract infections. this phenomenon is known as the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc). actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (app) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) are pathogens that are frequently involved in prdc. the main objective of this project was to study the in vitro interactions between these two pathogens and the host cells in the context of mixed infections. to ... | 2014 | 24878741 |
| occurrence and severity of lung lesions in slaughter pigs vaccinated against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae with different strategies. | different vaccination strategies against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae have been adopted worldwide. reports from the field indicate varying levels of protection among currently available vaccines. the goal of the present study was to compare the efficacies of three widespread commercial vaccination strategies against m. hyopneumoniae under field conditions. 20 farms were included. 14 farms used different single dose vaccines (vaccine 1 [v1], 8 herds; vaccine 2 [v2], 6 herds); another 6 farms (v3) use ... | 2014 | 24485705 |
| polymerase cross-linking spiral reaction (pclsr) for detection of african swine fever virus (asfv) in pigs and wild boars. | the study reports the development of a polymerase cross-linking spiral reaction (pclsr) for the detection of african swine fever virus (asfv) dna in blood collected from infected pigs and wild boars. the method uses 3 specifically designed primers. two outer-spiral primers comprising of 3' sequences complementary to asfv p72 gene sequence and 5'end sequences complementary to exogenous gene of black widow alpha-latrotoxin as well as additional asfv specific cross-linking primer. the method is spe ... | 2017 | 28198455 |
| a multiplex pcr for simultaneous detection of classical swine fever virus, african swine fever virus, highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and pseudorabies in swines. | in this assay, we developed and evaluated a multiplex pcr (mpcr) for its ability in detecting multiple infections of swine simultaneously. four pairs of primers were used to detect five viruses. specific primers were designed for classical swine fever virus (csfv), african swine fever virus (asfv) and pseudorabies (prv). a pair of primers was designed prudently for two different types of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus that respectively were porcine reproductive and respirato ... | 2015 | 26812812 |
| simultaneous typing of seven porcine pathogens by multiplex pcr with a gexp analyser. | a novel high-throughput method was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of seven porcine pathogens by multiplex pcr based on a genomelab gene expression profiler (gexp) analyser. the pathogens included in this study were pseudorabies virus (prv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), african swine fever virus (asfv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) and japanese encephalitis virus (jev). sev ... | 2016 | 26706731 |
| insulated isothermal reverse transcriptase pcr (iirt-pcr) for rapid and sensitive detection of classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever (csf) is an oie-listed disease that can have a severe impact on the swine industry. user-friendly, sensitive, rapid diagnostic tests that utilize low-cost field-deployable instruments for csf diagnosis can be useful for disease surveillance and outbreak monitoring. in this study, we describe validation of a new probe-based insulated isothermal reverse transcriptase pcr (iirt-pcr) assay for rapid detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) on a compact, user-friendly dev ... | 2016 | 25644051 |
| a new nanopcr molecular assay for detection of porcine bocavirus. | nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (nanopcr) is a novel method for the rapid amplification of dna and has been used for the detection of virus. for detection of porcine bocavirus (pbov), a sensitive and specific nanopcr assay was developed with a pair of primers that were designed based on ns1 gene sequences available in genbank. under the optimized conditions of the pbov nanopcr assay, the nanopcr assay was 100-fold more sensitive than a conventional pcr assay. the lower detection ... | 2014 | 24642242 |
| a nanoparticle-assisted pcr assay to improve the sensitivity for rapid detection and differentiation of wild-type pseudorabies virus and gene-deleted vaccine strains. | nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (nanopcr) is a novel method for the rapid amplification of dna and has been adopted for the detection of virus because of its simplicity, rapidity, and specificity. a nanopcr assay was developed to detect and differentiate wild-type and gene-deleted pseudorabies virus (prv). three pairs of primers for nanopcr developed in this study were selected from conserved regions of prv, producing specific amplicons of 431 bp (gb), 316 bp (ge), and 202 bp (gg ... | 2013 | 23872268 |
| coronavirus nsp6 restricts autophagosome expansion. | autophagy is a cellular response to starvation that generates autophagosomes to carry long-lived proteins and cellular organelles to lysosomes for degradation. activation of autophagy by viruses can provide an innate defense against infection, and for (+) strand rna viruses autophagosomes can facilitate assembly of replicase proteins. we demonstrated that nonstructural protein (nsp) 6 of the avian coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), generates autophagosomes from the er. a statistical ... | 2014 | 24991833 |
| microbiome associations in pigs with the best and worst clinical outcomes following co-infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). | on a world-wide basis, co-infections involving porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) are common and contribute to a range of polymicrobial disease syndromes in swine. both viruses compromise host defenses, resulting in increased susceptibility to infections by primary and secondary pathogens that can affect growth performance as well as increased morbidity and mortality. an experimental population of 95 pigs was co-infected with prrsv an ... | 2016 | 27139023 |
| virus replicon particles expressing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus proteins elicit immune priming but do not confer protection from viremia in pigs. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is the causative agent of one of the most devastating and economically significant viral disease of pigs worldwide. the vaccines currently available on the market elicit only limited protection. recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) replicon particles (vrp) have been used successfully to induce protection against influenza a virus (iav) in chickens and bluetongue virus in sheep. in this study, vsv vrp expressing the prrsv envelop ... | 2016 | 26895704 |
| disease surveillance in england and wales. | this issue of veterinary record introduces a new look for the monthly disease surveillance report for england and wales from the apha. the format and content has been changed to provide a report that brings together data and information from different sources of government-funded and other veterinary scanning surveillance activity. this first report in the new format considers current issues, such as actions to prevent porcine epidemic diarrhea and what to do if it is suspected, and provides an ... | 2016 | 26744008 |
| use of tissue swabbing as an alternative to tissue dissection and lysis prior to nucleic acid extraction and real-time polymerase chain reaction detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | the use of swabbing to sample tissue samples, prior to nucleic acid extraction and performance of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay, was investigated for the detection of the viral pathogens bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). the tissue swabbing method involved swabbing recently cut tissues, eluting the swabbed material, and extracting nucleic acid from the eluate prior to pcr amplification. parallel testing of this ... | 2014 | 24788238 |
| pseudorabies virus and brucella abortus from an expanding wild pig ( sus scrofa ) population in southern oklahoma, usa. | wild pigs ( sus scrofa ) are causing increasing ecologic and economic damage at a global scale. because wild pigs can carry ≥65 diseases that affect livestock, their widespread expansion threatens native wildlife and livestock. we screened wild pigs from south-central oklahoma, us for antibodies against brucella abortus , pseudorabies virus (prv), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrs). these pathogens were chosen because they are part of eradication programs in the us an ... | 2016 | 27124329 |
| up-regulation of il-10 upon prrsv vaccination impacts on the immune response against csfv. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection negatively impacts the efficacy of classical swine fever virus (csfv) vaccine. this paper investigates whether the prrsv vaccine also impacts the csfv vaccine and if the impact is time-related. forty-eight piglets born from four sows were divided into five groups (g1-g5). the piglets in g1 to g4 were given prrsv vaccine at 14, 21, 28 and 35days of age. the g5 group was not vaccinated with the prrsv. all pigs were given the csf ... | 2016 | 27938685 |
| rapid detection of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by a fluorescent probe-based isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification assay. | a novel fluorescent probe-based real-time reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (real-time rt-rpa) assay was developed for rapid detection of highly pathogenic type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv). the sensitivity analysis showed that the detection limit of rpa was 70 copies of hp-prrsv rna/reaction. the real-time rt-rpa highly specific amplified hp-prrsv with no cross-reaction with classic prrsv, classic swine fever virus, pseudorabies virus ... | 2016 | 27534870 |
| rapid and specific detection of porcine parvovirus by isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification assays. | porcine parvovirus (ppv) is a major cause of swine reproductive failure and reported in many countries worldwide. recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa) assays using a real-time fluorescent detection (ppv real-time rpa assay) and a lateral flow dipstick (ppv rpa lfd assay) were developed targeting ppv ns1 gene. the detection limit of ppv real-time rpa assay was 300 copies per reaction within 9 min at 38 °c, while the rpa lfd assay has a detection limit of 400 copies per reaction in less than ... | 2016 | 27593155 |
| impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus-2 infection on the potency of the classical swine fever vaccine (lom strain). | the classical swine fever (csf) vaccine, which is derived from the lom strain of the csf virus (csfv), induces protective immunity against csfv infection. however, several factors influence vaccine efficacy. evidence suggests that infection by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and/or porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) reduces the efficacy of several vaccines. here, we examined the effect of prrsv or pcv2 alone or co-infection by prrsv/pcv2 on the potency of the lom vaccine in ... | 2016 | 27599928 |
| establishment of a nanoparticle-assisted rt-pcr assay to distinguish field strains and attenuated strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) can cause serious disease and even death in neonatal piglets, resulting in serious damage to the swine industry worldwide. open reading frame 3 (orf3) is the only accessory gene in the pedv genome. previous studies have indicated that pedv vaccine strains have a partial deletion in orf3. in this study, a nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (nanoparticle-assisted rt-pcr) assay targeting the orf3 of pedv was developed to distinguish pedv field str ... | 2016 | 27287433 |