| characterization of a novel live attenuated infectious bronchitis virus vaccine candidate derived from a korean nephropathogenic strain. | a nephropathogenic k2/01 strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was attenuated by 170 serial passages in embryonated chicken eggs for possible use as a future ibv vaccine strain. high-growth properties and narrow tissue tropisms (limited replication in respiratory tracts) were achieved by the adaptation process. unlike the parent strain, the attenuated strain (k2p170) was safe in day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks since replication of the virus did not induce mortality and nephritis, and ... | 2010 | 20153350 |
| identification of intertypic recombinant infectious bronchitis viruses from slaughtered chickens. | avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) poses a major threat to the global poultry industry. new ibv geno- and serotypes are continually reported. however, information on ibv prevalence is not frequently addressed in these reports. this study reports on a viral surveillance program in taiwan from 2005 to 2006 with sampling conducted in poultry slaughterhouses. the genetic features of the obtained field isolates were investigated using sequence analysis and simplot analysis. a 1-direc ... | 2010 | 20181858 |
| swine intestine antimicrobial peptides inhibit infectious bronchitis virus infectivity in chick embryos. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), the causative agent of infectious bronchitis, results in respiratory disease, nephritis, and poor egg production and quality in chicken. antimicrobial peptides possess potent antimicrobial activities and are regarded as promising therapeutic alternatives in the fight against microorganisms. to assess the in vitro antiviral activity of swine intestine antimicrobial peptides (siamp) against ibv, 45 chick embryos were randomly assigned into 3 groups, 15 for each g ... | 2010 | 20181861 |
| genomic characterization of a proventriculitis-associated infectious bronchitis coronavirus. | transmissible proventriculitis associated with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was at first seen in eastern china in mid-1995, and is now endemic in china. herein, the complete genome sequence of a proventiculitis-associated infectious bronchitis coronavirus (zj971) was sequenced and analyzed. compared with the genome of the vaccine strain h120, zj971 had 54 nucleotide substitutions and a deletion in the 3'-utr. the substitutions were in the regions of nsp2-nsp5, nsp7, nsp12, nsp13, nsp15, s a ... | 2010 | 20195741 |
| a simple and rapid strip test for detection of antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis virus. | a simple gold-immunochromatographic assay (gica) based on indirect reaction format was developed for rapid detection of antibodies against avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). the detection time of ibv igg by the gica was less than 10 min, whereas the hi test and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) require 1-2 hr. reference sera against newcastle disease virus, infectious bursal disease, avian influenza virus h5 and h9 subtypes were all negatives for anti-ibv antibodies using the g ... | 2010 | 20215721 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a replication-defective infectious bronchitis virus vaccine using an adenovirus vector and administered in ovo. | in ovo vaccination remains an attractive option for a cost effective, uniform and mass application of vaccines for commercial poultry. however, the vaccines which can be delivered safely by this method are limited and there is no currently licensed embryo-safe vaccine against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). in this study, a recombinant adenovirus expressing the s1 gene of nephropathogenic ibv (rad-s1) was constructed and the immune responses and protective efficacy against homologous challeng ... | 2010 | 20219540 |
| evolution of infectious bronchitis virus in taiwan: characterisation of rna recombination in the nucleocapsid gene. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) belongs to the coronaviridae family and causes significant economic loss in taiwan (tw), even in flocks that have been extensively immunised with massachusetts (mass)-serotype vaccines. phylogenetic analysis of all non-structural and most structural genes shows that tw ibv is genetically distinct from the us strain and more similar to chinese (ch) ibv. in contrast, the nucleocapsid (n) gene of tw ibv presents phylogenetic incongruence. rna recombination at ... | 2010 | 20299165 |
| priming with a dna vaccine and boosting with an inactivated vaccine enhance the immune response against infectious bronchitis virus. | the methods of repeated immunization with inactivated vaccines have been used widely to increase antibody protection against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). however, compared with dna vaccines, these methods usually induce poor cellular responses. in the present study, specific pathogen-free (spf) chickens were immunized intramuscularly with a dna vaccine carrying the main ibv structural genes (pvax1-s1, pvax1-m, and pvax1-n, respectively) and boosted with the ibv m41 strain inactivated vacci ... | 2010 | 20307574 |
| understanding stress-induced immunosuppression: exploration of cytokine and chemokine gene profiles in chicken peripheral leukocytes. | at present, the poultry meat and egg industry has gained a lot of ground, being viewed as a provider of a healthy alternative to red meat and other protein sources. if this trend is to be maintained, solutions must be found to improve resistance of chickens to disease, which often is weakened by stressful conditions. in poultry, stress-induced immunosuppression is manifested by failures in vaccination and increased morbidity and mortality of flocks. currently, several modern cellular and molecul ... | 2010 | 20308420 |
| evaluation of the sensitivity of pcr methods for the detection of extraneous agents and comparison with in vivo testing. | in this study the sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods for the detection of newcastle disease virus (ndv), avian reovirus (arv), avian influenza virus (aiv) and avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was compared to the sensitivity of the corresponding serological tests described in the european pharmacopoeia (ph. eur.). for this purpose, serial 10-fold dilutions of the respective inactivated vaccines were prepared and groups of spf chickens were vaccinated with a double dose ... | 2010 | 20338784 |
| development, standardization and assessment of pcr systems for purity testing of avian viral vaccines. | the european pharmacopoeia (ph. eur.) requires avian viral vaccines to be free of adventitious agents. purity testing is an essential quality requirement of immunological veterinary medicinal products (ivmps) and testing for extraneous agents includes monitoring for many different viruses. conventional virus detection methods include serology or virus culture, however, molecular tests have become a valid alternative testing method. nucleic acid testing (nat) is fast, highly sensitive and has a h ... | 2010 | 20338785 |
| a protein chip designed to differentiate visually antibodies in chickens which were infected by four different viruses. | this study aimed to develop a visual protein chip that can differentiate the antibodies induced by avian influenza virus, newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus and infectious bursal disease virus, simultaneously. proteins from the four viruses were purified and spotted onto an aldehyde group-modified glass slide at 2mg/ml. after that, the protein chip was reacted with the corresponding positive serum against these viruses, hybridized with a colloidal gold-labeled secondary antibod ... | 2010 | 20362004 |
| a novel b-cell epitope of avian infectious bronchitis virus n protein. | this report describes the identification of a novel linear b-cell epitope at the n-terminus of the avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) nucleocapsid (n) protein. a monoclonal antibody designated 2d2 was prepared against the ibv n protein, and a series of 23 partially overlapping, tagged fragments of the ibv n gene were expressed. these peptides and five heterogeneous ibv strains were used to identify the epitope recognized by 2d2 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blo ... | 2010 | 20373999 |
| efficacy of infectious bronchitis virus vaccinations in the field: association between the alpha-ibv igm response, protection and vaccine application parameters. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is, in spite of vaccination, still a major cause of respiratory problems in broilers and of poor egg production in breeders and layers in many parts of the world. a possible cause of the insufficient protection induced by vaccination is an inadequate application of the vaccine. this paper reports the results of two field studies. in the first, the results of the alpha-ibv igm enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) on post-vaccination sera were compared with t ... | 2010 | 20390547 |
| induction of eggshell apex abnormalities in broiler breeder hens. | recently, the causal relationship between eggshell apex abnormalities (eaa) and mycoplasma synoviae was described. this eggshell pathology has only been documented in table egg layers both spontaneously and experimentally infected with m. synoviae, suggesting that meat-type layers are less prone to this condition. in this study the susceptibility of specified pathogen free (spf) broiler breeder hens to produce eggs with eaa after m. synoviae infection was assessed. five groups of 12 hens each we ... | 2010 | 20390548 |
| viral respiratory diseases (ilt, ampv infections, ib): are they ever under control? | 1. the use of vaccines is the main approach to control of the economically important poultry viral respiratory diseases infectious laryngotracheitis (ilt), avian metapneumovirus (ampv) infections and infectious bronchitis (ib). this paper appraises the current methods of vaccine control in the light of the nature of each virus and epidemiological factors associated with each disease. 2. infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) exists as a single type with a wide range of disease severity. it is ... | 2010 | 20390564 |
| a multiplex reverse transcriptase-pcr assay for the genotyping of avian infectious bronchitis viruses. | infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) in taiwan have been divided into two genogroups, taiwan group i (tw-i) and taiwan group ii (tw-ii). heterologous mass-type strains are widely used as vaccines in the field. this work reports on a rapid and reliable multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (mrt-pcr) assay for the genotyping of ibvs. multiplex primer sets were designed to amplify the region covering hypervariable regions 1 and 2 of the s1 glycoprotein gene. several local strain ... | 2010 | 20408407 |
| functional and genetic studies of the substrate specificity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus 3c-like proteinase. | coronavirus (cov) 3c-like proteinase (3clpro), located in nonstructural protein 5 (nsp5), processes the replicase polyproteins 1a and 1ab (pp1a and pp1ab) at 11 specific sites to produce 12 mature nonstructural proteins (nsp5 to nsp16). structural and biochemical studies suggest that a conserved gln residue at the p1 position is absolutely required for efficient cleavage. here, we investigate the effects of amino acid substitution at the p1 position of 3clpro cleavage sites of infectious bronchi ... | 2010 | 20444893 |
| immune response of aa broilers to ibv h120 vaccine and sodium new houttuyfonate. | in this report, 120 healthy one-day-old aa broilers were divided into six groups. groups 1-4 received 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/l of sodium new houttuyfonate (snh) with ib vaccine h120 respectively. group 5 received pbs and h120 and group 6 il-2 and h120. the chickens were inoculated at 7 and 14 days of age. on 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 post first vaccination, the dynamic changes of peripheral lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine assays and serum antibody titers were assayed respectively by mtt metho ... | 2010 | 20451228 |
| a novel genotype of avian infectious bronchitis virus isolated in japan in 2009. | avian infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) isolated from commercial layer flocks kept in ibaraki prefecture in 2009 were genetically and serologically characterized. reverse transcription-pcr coupled with direct nucleotide sequencing and genbank blast database analysis of the hypervariable region of the s1 subunit of the virus spike gene showed that these isolates are genetically very different from the previously known ibv genotypes in japan. furthermore, none of the antisera used in this study ... | 2010 | 20460833 |
| quantitative proteomics using stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture reveals changes in the cytoplasmic, nuclear, and nucleolar proteomes in vero cells infected with the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | virus-host interactions involve complex interplay between viral and host factors, rendering them an ideal target for proteomic analysis. here we detail a high throughput quantitative proteomics analysis of vero cells infected with the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), a positive strand rna virus that replicates in the cytoplasm. stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (silac) was used in conjunction with lc-ms/ms to identify and quantify 1830 cellular and two viral ... | 2010 | 20467043 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of infectious bronchitis virus nonstructural protein 9. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), which causes respiratory disease in infected birds, belongs to coronavirus group 3. ibv encodes 15 nonstructural proteins (nsp2-nsp16) which play crucial roles in rna transcription and genome replication. nonstructural protein 9 (nsp9) has been identified as a protein that is essential to viral replication because of its single-stranded rna-binding ability. the gene segment encoding ibv nsp9 has been cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the protein h ... | 2010 | 20516605 |
| proteomic analysis of purified coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus particles. | abstract: | 2010 | 20534109 |
| differential sensitivity of well-differentiated avian respiratory epithelial cells to infection by different strains of infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is an avian coronavirus affecting the respiratory tract of chickens. to analyze ibv infection of the lower respiratory tract, we applied a technique that uses precision-cut lung slices (pclss). this method allows infection of bronchial cells within their natural tissue composition under in vitro conditions. we demonstrate that ibv strains 4/91, italy02, and qx infect ciliated and mucus-producing cells of the bronchial epithelium, whereas cells of the parabronchi ... | 2010 | 20538853 |
| rapid heat-treatment attenuation of infectious bronchitis virus. | in the present study we describe the rapid development of an attenuated live vaccine for ga08, a new serotype of infectious bronchitis virus, using a heat-treatment method. incubation of the ga08 strain of ibv at 56 degrees c and passage in embryonated eggs was used as a method to fast track the attenuation process. the virus was incubated in a 56 degrees c water bath and aliquots were removed every 5 min for up to 1 h, and then each aliquot was inoculated into 10-day-old embryonated eggs. virus ... | 2010 | 20544430 |
| genetic analysis revealed lx4 genotype strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus became predominant in recent years in sichuan area, china. | between 2008 and 2010, 19 strains of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were isolated from the vaccinated chicken flocks in sichuan province, china. the s1 genes of the isolates were amplified and sequenced. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 19 isolates and 37 reference ibv strains can be grouped into eight genotypes. although ibvs of taiwan-i type, massachusetts type, and proventriculitis type were isolated, but most isolates were lx4 genotype. homology analysis of the sequences of s1 gene ... | 2010 | 20556502 |
| comparative histopathology and immunohistochemistry of qx-like, massachusetts and 793/b serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus infection in chickens. | the aim of this study was to compare experimentally the pathogenicity and tissue distribution of the recently emerged qx-like strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) with the widespread m41 and 793/b serotypes of the virus. histopathological and immunohistochemical methods were employed to define the main sites of virus replication. one-day-old specific pathogen free chickens were inoculated with five different qx-like strains, or with the m41 and 793/b ibv strains and monitored for 42 days ... | 2010 | 20570279 |
| the cellular rna helicase ddx1 interacts with coronavirus nonstructural protein 14 and enhances viral replication. | the involvement of host proteins in the replication and transcription of viral rna is a poorly understood area for many rna viruses. for coronaviruses, it was long speculated that replication of the giant rna genome and transcription of multiple subgenomic mrna species by a unique discontinuous transcription mechanism may require host cofactors. to search for such cellular proteins, yeast two-hybrid screening was carried out by using the nonstructural protein 14 (nsp14) from the coronavirus infe ... | 2010 | 20573827 |
| naturally occurring recombination between distant strains of infectious bronchitis virus. | new variants of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) have emerged in australia despite its geographical isolation and intensive vaccination programs. in the present study, the 3' terminal 7.2 kb of the genome of a recently isolated variant of ibv (n1/03) was sequenced and compared with the sequences of classical and novel strains of ibv, the two main groups of these viruses in australia. the comparison revealed that recombination between classical and novel ibvs was responsible for the emergence of ... | 2010 | 20574643 |
| [expression and biological function analysis of chicken aminopeptidase n]. | to clone and express the gene encoding chicken aminopeptidase n (chapn), and analysis the biological function of chapn expressed in escherichia coli (e. coli). the chapn gene was amplified by rt-pcr from the kidney cells of chicken embryo and then cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pcold-tf. recombinant expression plasmid of pcold-tf-chapn was constructed and then transformed into the competent e. coli bl21(de3) cells for expression under different conditions such as induction time an ... | 2010 | 20575434 |
| analysis of newcastle disease virus quasispecies and factors affecting the emergence of virulent virus. | genome sequence analysis of a number of avirulent field isolates of newcastle disease virus revealed the presence of viruses (within their quasispecies) that contained virulent f0 sequences. detection of these virulent sequences below the ~1% level, using standard cloning and sequence analysis, proved difficult, and thus a more sensitive reverse-transcription real-time pcr procedure was developed to detect both virulent and avirulent ndv f0 sequences. reverse-transcription real-time pcr analysis ... | 2010 | 20602243 |
| host intraspatial selection of infectious bronchitis virus populations. | arkansas (ark)-type infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) subpopulations with an s gene sequence distinct from the vaccine predominant consensus were previously found in the upper respiratory tract of chickens within 3 days after inoculation. this finding indicated that a distinct virus subpopulation was rapidly positively selected by the chicken upper respiratory tract. we hypothesized that during host invasion, the replicating ibv population further changes as it confronts the distinct environment ... | 2010 | 20608523 |
| molecular epidemiology of avian infectious bronchitis in brazil from 2007 to 2008 in breeders, broilers, and layers. | multiple lineages of brazilian strains from 2007 to 2008 of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were detected in flocks of breeders, broilers, and layers. organs samples from 20 ibv-positive flocks with variable clinical signs were submitted to the partial amplification of s gene (nucleotides 726-1071) of ibv. fifteen of the 20 sequenced strains segregated in a unique brazilian cluster subdivided in three subclusters (brazil 01, 02, and 03). whereas three strains could be classified as massa ... | 2010 | 20608535 |
| treatment of eggshell abnormalities and reduced egg production caused by mycoplasma synoviae infection. | eggshell abnormalities were seen in the apex of eggs in two of three flocks of multi-age, hy-line layer chickens housed on a farm in northern italy. approximately 1.3% to 1.8% of eggs in one flock were affected, amounting to 300-400 eggs per day; the abnormalities resulted in a great deal of breakage and spoilage of healthy eggs. the mean weight of eggs was also reduced. egg abnormalities in a second flock were less severe. mycoplasma synoviae was detected in birds from both of the affected floc ... | 2010 | 20608549 |
| detection of infectious bronchitis virus strain n1/88 from the oviduct and feces of experimentally infected vaccinated and unvaccinated hens. | hens were vaccinated during the rearing phase with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) vaccines commercially available in australia (vic s and a3) or left unvaccinated and then challenged with the n1/88 strain of ibv at 30 wk of age. oviduct and fecal samples were collected at regular intervals after n1/88 challenge. a locked nucleic acid probe-based reverse transcription real-time pcr test was designed and used to detect the ibv strain n1/88 from the oviduct and feces of unvaccinated and vaccinat ... | 2010 | 20634513 |
| complete genome sequence and recombination analysis of infectious bronchitis virus attenuated vaccine strain h120. | the strain h120 of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is one of the earliest and representative attenuated live infectious bronchitis vaccine strains. to investigate the genomic feature of h120 and further understand its role in the epidemiology of ibv, complete genome of h120 was sequenced and compared with sequences of other ibv strains by phylogenetic and recombination analysis. the complete genome of h120 is 27631 nucleotides in length and has a similar structure with that of beaudette strain ... | 2010 | 20652731 |
| forsythoside a inhibits the avian infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture. | forsythoside a is a polyphenolic constituent of the fruits of forsythia suspensa vahl. which is widely used as an antiinflammatory agent in traditional chinese medicine. in the present study, the effects of forsythoside a on cell infection by avian infectious bronchitis virus were assessed. a real-time fluorescence quantitative pcr assay was used to determine mrna content of ibv n gene. the pretreatment of cells with forsythoside a, adding forsythoside a post infection of cells, and treatment of ... | 2011 | 20677175 |
| [avian infectious bronchitis disease in tunisia: seroprevalence, pathogenicity and compatibility studies of vaccine-field isolates]. | a sero-epidemiological study was carried out on 5660 sera collected, between 2006 and 2008, from different flocks in different regions of the country. the elisa results showed low levels of antibodies indicating vaccination failures. 45 to 69% of the flocks showed positive levels of antibodies and only 5 to 15% of these were protected. the pathogenicity studies of the tunisian field isolates tn20/00 and tn335/01 demonstrated high clinical and lesion scores indicating the pathogenic effect of the ... | 2009 | 20707223 |
| elucidation of the avian nucleolar proteome by quantitative proteomics using silac and changes in cells infected with the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | the nucleolus is a dynamic subnuclear compartment involved in ribosome subunit biogenesis, regulation of cell stress and modulation of cellular growth and the cell cycle, among other functions. the nucleolus is composed of complex protein/protein and protein/rna interactions. it is a target of virus infection with many viral proteins being shown to localize to the nucleolus during infection. perturbations to the structure of the nucleolus and its proteome have been predicted to play a role in bo ... | 2010 | 20827733 |
| a 15-year analysis of molecular epidemiology of avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus in china. | a comprehensive study of the epidemiology and pathogenicity of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in china was carried out by molecular characterization of the s1 gene from 46 isolates obtained for this study and 174 reference strains isolated over a 15-year period. nine types were found according to sequence analysis and phylogenetic study of the s1 gene. the co-circulation of multiple ibv types and the ongoing emergence of ibv variants are the epidemiological challenges in china. factors contri ... | 2011 | 20833270 |
| molecular analysis of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in slovenia between 1990 and 2005: a retrospective study. | fifteen infectious bronchitis viruses (ibv) isolated from broiler and broiler breeder flocks in slovenia between 1990 and 2005 were molecularly characterised. ibv strains were divided into four genotypes by the analysis of the s1 gene region. four strains belonged to the massachusetts genotype, one strain was placed into the qx genotype, one strain formed a cluster together with the b1648 strain and nine strains were classified into the 624/i genotype. nine slovenian strains of the 624/i genotyp ... | 2010 | 20844944 |
| protective immune responses induced by in ovo immunization with recombinant adenoviruses expressing spike (s1) glycoprotein of infectious bronchitis virus fused/co-administered with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) causes tremendous economic losses associated with production inefficiencies and mortality in poultry industry worldwide. in the present report, the recombinant adenoviruses expressing chicken granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (gm-csf) and s1 gene of nephropathogenic ibv were constructed and characterized. then, the immunological efficacy and protection against homologous ibv challenge were assessed in specific pathogen free (spf) chickens. the res ... | 2011 | 20850939 |
| application of high-resolution melt curve analysis for classification of infectious bronchitis viruses in field specimens. | a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr)/high-resolution melt (hrm) curve analysis protocol was developed in our laboratory to differentiate infectious bronchitis (ib) virus reference strains. in the current study, this method was used to detect and classify ib viruses in field submissions. | 2010 | 20854299 |
| development of a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus m protein-based elisa for virus detection. | a membrane (m), protein-based elisa was developed to detect porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). the m gene of pedv was expressed in escherichia coli. the purified recombinant m protein was used to immunize rabbits to generate a polyclonal antibody. immunofluorescence analysis indicated that the anti-pedv-m antibody reacted with pedv-infected cells. the antibody was utilized to develop an indirect elisa to detect pedv. other viruses, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus, avian in ... | 2010 | 20882317 |
| anti-infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) activity of 1,8-cineole: effect on nucleocapsid (n) protein. | in the present study, anti-ibv (infectious bronchitis virus) activity of 1,8-cineole was studied by mtt assay, as well as docking and molecular dynamic (md) simulations. the cc50 of 1,8-cineole was above 10 mm. and the maximum noncytotoxic concentration (td0) of 1,8-cineole was determined to be 3.90 ± 0.22 mm, which was much higher than that of ribavirin (0.78 ± 0.15 mm). 1,8-cineole could inhibit ibv with an ic(50) of 0.61 mm. mtt assay showed that the inhibition of ibv by 1, 8-cineole appears ... | 2010 | 20919748 |
| detection of avian nephritis virus in australian chicken flocks. | avian nephritis virus (anv) is thought to infect poultry flocks worldwide, but no confirmed case has been reported in australia. the first such case is described in this study. cases of young chickens with clinical signs of dehydration and diarrhea were submitted to our laboratory and histopathology detected interstitial nephritis. vaccine strains of infectious bronchitis virus were detected in some of these cases but were not considered to be the causative agent. a total of seven fresh submissi ... | 2010 | 20945778 |
| construction and immunogenicity of a recombinant fowlpox vaccine coexpressing s1 glycoprotein of infectious bronchitis virus and chicken il-18. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) poses a major threat to the chicken industry worldwide. in this study, we developed a recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv) vaccine expressing the ibv s1 gene and chicken interleukin-18 gene (il-18), rfpv-s1/il18. recombinant plasmid psy-s1/il18 was constructed by cloning chicken il-18 into fowlpox virus transfer plasmid containing s1 gene and transfected into the chicken embryo fibroblasts cell pre-infected with s-fpv-017 to generate rfpv-s1/il18. expression of the ... | 2010 | 20951182 |
| the hydrophobic domain of infectious bronchitis virus e protein alters the host secretory pathway and is important for release of infectious virus. | the coronavirus (cov) e protein plays an important role in virus assembly. the e protein is made in excess during infection and has been shown to have ion channel activity in planar lipid bilayers. however, a role in infection for the unincorporated e or its ion channel activity has not been described. to further investigate the function of the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) e protein, we developed a recombinant version of ibv in which the e protein was replaced by a mutant containing a heter ... | 2010 | 21047962 |
| infectious bronchitis viruses with naturally occurring genomic rearrangement and gene deletion. | infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) are group iii coronaviruses that infect poultry worldwide. genetic variations, including whole-gene deletions, are key to ibv evolution. australian subgroup 2 ibvs contain sequence insertions and multiple gene deletions that have resulted in a substantial genomic divergence from international ibvs. the genomic variations present in australian ibvs were investigated and compared to those of another group iii coronavirus, turkey coronavirus (tcov). open reading ... | 2010 | 21049275 |
| prevalence and phylogeny of coronaviruses in wild birds from the bering strait area (beringia). | coronaviruses (covs) can cause mild to severe disease in humans and animals, their host range and environmental spread seem to have been largely underestimated, and they are currently being investigated for their potential medical relevance. infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) belongs to gamma-coronaviruses and causes a costly respiratory viral disease in chickens. the role of wild birds in the epidemiology of ibv is poorly understood. in the present study, we examined 1,002 cloacal and faecal sam ... | 2010 | 21060827 |
| preparation and characterization of polyclonal antibody against severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus spike protein. | a truncated gene (designated s1) encoding the receptor-binding domain (rbd) in the spike (s) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) was amplified by pcr. the gene was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pgex-6p-1, resulting in a recombinant plasmid pgex-sars-s1. subsequently, pgex-sars-s1 was transformed into host cells bl21(de3)plyss, and the expression of the s1 protein was induced by isopropyl β-d-thiogalactoside (iptg). polyclonal antibody agains ... | 2010 | 21087096 |
| reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is the causative agent of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis, and sensitive detection methods are required for preventing the disease. in this article, reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was developed to detect tgev. three pairs of primers targeting the nucleocapsid (n) gene of tgev were synthesized and used in the rt-lamp. the optimization, sensitivity, and specificity of the rt-lamp were evaluated. our results sh ... | 2010 | 21127872 |
| a type-specific blocking elisa for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus antibody. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) infection has been a major threat to the poultry industry worldwide. current commercially available elisa kits detect group-specific antibodies; however, to understand the status of field infection, a monoclonal antibody (mab) blocking elisa (b-elisa) against local ibvs was developed. the selected mab showed specificity to taiwan ibv strains but had no cross-reactivity with the vaccine strain h120. using the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test as a standard, t ... | 2010 | 21192982 |
| structures of the n- and c-terminal domains of mhv-a59 nucleocapsid protein corroborate a conserved rna-protein binding mechanism in coronavirus. | coronaviruses are the causative agent of respiratory and enteric diseases in animals and humans. one example is sars, which caused a worldwide health threat in 2003. in coronaviruses, the structural protein n (nucleocapsid protein) associates with the viral rna to form the filamentous nucleocapsid and plays a crucial role in genome replication and transcription. the structure of n-terminal domain of mhv n protein also implicated its specific affinity with transcriptional regulatory sequence (trs ... | 2010 | 21203940 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of sul/01/09 avian infectious bronchitis virus, indicates the emergence of a new genotype in the middle east. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was isolated from trachea and kidney tissues of eight broiler farms in kurdistan region of north iraq from 2008 to 2010. the birds were suffering from respiratory and nephropathological symptoms and lesions. a 1116 bp hyper mutable spike glycoprotein (s1) gene was amplified and sequenced using conventional rt-pcr. sequence analysis and blast homology search in genbank data base indicate that two of the farms were infected with the 4/91 strain, one with an uniden ... | 2010 | 21216111 |
| evaluation of recombinant fowlpox virus expressing infectious bronchitis virus s1 gene and chicken interferon-γ gene for immune protection against heterologous strains. | a recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv-ifnγs1) that co-expressed the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) s1 gene and the chicken interferon-γ gene has been constructed. to evaluate the efficacy of the recombinant fowlpox virus vaccine against heterotypic ibv strains, 60 4-week-old specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens were inoculated with this vaccine and 3 weeks post inoculation challenged with the homotypic ibv strain lx4 and the heterotypic ibv strains lhb, lhlj04xi, ltj95i and lsc99i. antibodies ag ... | 2011 | 21216313 |
| an emerging recombinant cluster of nephropathogenic strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus in korea. | the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is continuously evolving through point mutation and recombination of their genome, subsequently the emergence of ibv variants complicates disease control. the objective of this study was to investigate genetic characterization of new ibv variants isolated from commercial chicken flocks in korea collected between 2005 and 2010. phylogenetic analysis revealed that all new ibv isolates belonged to korean group ii (k-ii), which included the nephropathogenic ibv ... | 2011 | 21255688 |
| qx-type infectious bronchitis virus in commercial flocks in the uk. | | 2010 | 21262653 |
| detection of ibv qx in commercial broiler flocks in the uk. | | 2010 | 21262658 |
| development of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | in this study, a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was developed for detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). six primers were designed to amplify the nucleocapsid (n) gene of pedv. the optimization, sensitivity, and specificity of the rt-lamp were investigated. the results showed that the optimal reaction condition for rt-lamp amplifying pedv n gene was achieved at 63°c for 50 min. the rt-lamp assay was more sensitive than gel-based rt-pcr and en ... | 2011 | 21286798 |
| genotyping of newly isolated infectious bronchitis virus isolates from northeastern georgia. | sixteen infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) field isolates obtained from vaccinated commercial broiler chickens showing clinical respiratory disease were characterized by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis of the hypervariable region of the s1 spike glycoprotein gene. the genetic relationship among these variants and reference strains was determined by phylogenetic analysis and use of the basic local alignment search tool. all the isolates formed a distinct phylo ... | 2010 | 21313832 |
| genetic diversity of avian infectious bronchitis virus isolated from domestic chicken flocks and coronaviruses from feral pigeons in brazil between 2003 and 2009. | to detect the presence of infectious bronchitis virus or avian coronavirus, a nested reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) method was developed with the aim of amplifying a fragment of 530 bases, comprising the gene coding s1 protein. in the first step, all samples were submitted to rna extraction, rt-pcr, and nested pcr. next, only the positive nested-pcr samples were propagated in specific-pathogen-free (spf) embryonated chicken eggs for virus isolation. positive samples were then sequenced and a ... | 2010 | 21313839 |
| protection induced by infectious laryngotracheitis virus vaccines alone and combined with newcastle disease virus and/or infectious bronchitis virus vaccines. | two types of live attenuated vaccines have been used worldwide for the control of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv): 1) chicken embryo origin (ceo) vaccines; and 2) tissue culture origin vaccines (tco). however, the disease persists in spite of extensive use of vaccination, particularly in areas of intense broiler production. among the factors that may influence the efficiency of iltv live attenuated vaccines is a possible interference of newcastle disease virus (ndv) and infectious bron ... | 2010 | 21313841 |
| phylogenetic analysis of infectious bronchitis coronaviruses newly isolated in china, and pathogenicity and evaluation of protection induced by massachusetts serotype h120 vaccine against qx-like strains. | seventy-eight isolates of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were obtained from different field outbreaks in china in 2009 and genotyped with 34 reference strains. four genotypes of ibv and three new isolates were identified by phylogenetic analysis and blast searches of the entire s1 gene. the results showed that most ibv strains that have circulated in china in recent years belong to the genotype of qx-like strains, and that they could be grouped further into two clusters, regardless of t ... | 2011 | 21331947 |
| efficacy and safety of an attenuated live qx-like infectious bronchitis virus strain as a vaccine for chickens. | the attenuation of infectious bronchitis (ib) qx-like virus strain l1148 is described. the virus was passaged multiple times in embryonated specific pathogen free (spf) chicken eggs, and at different passage levels samples were tested for safety for the respiratory tract and kidneys in 1-day-old spf chickens. there was a clear decrease in pathogenicity for the respiratory tract and kidneys when the virus had undergone a large number of passages. passage level 80 was investigated for safety for t ... | 2011 | 21331953 |
| comparative anti-infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) activity of (-)-pinene: effect on nucleocapsid (n) protein. | in the present study, anti-ibv (infectious bronchitis virus) activities of (-)-pinenes were studied by mtt assay, as well as docking and molecular dynamic (md) simulations. the cc50 values of (-)-a-pinene and (-)-ß-pinene were above 10 mm. and the maximum noncytotoxic concentrations (td0) of (-)-a-pinene and (-)-ß-pinene were determined as 7.88 ± 0.06 and 6.09 ± 0.31 mm, respectively. the two compounds were found to inhibit ibv with an ic50 of 0.98 ± 0.25 and 1.32 ± 0.11 mm. the mtt assay showed ... | 2011 | 21350392 |
| development and immunogenicity of recombinant gapa(+) mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine strain ts-11 expressing infectious bronchitis virus-s1 glycoprotein and chicken interleukin-6. | mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) is a major pathogen of poultry that causes chronic respiratory disease in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys. a live attenuated vaccine, ts-11, has been used for the control of mg in several countries. the efficacy of this vaccine is highly dose dependent and the flock antibody response is weak. to improve the functionality of the vaccine and investigate its potential as a delivery vector for foreign antigens and immunomodulatory proteins, we developed a d ... | 2011 | 21354248 |
| proteomic analysis of chicken embryonic trachea and kidney tissues after infection in ovo by avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus. | | 2011 | 21385394 |
| histopathological and immunohistochemical study of air sac lesions induced by two strains of infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a highly contagious respiratory coronavirus of domestic chickens. although mortality is low, infection with ibv results in substantial losses for the egg and meat chicken industries. despite the economic importance of ibv and decades of research into the pathogenesis of infection, significant gaps in our knowledge exist. the aim of this study was to compare the early progression of air sac lesions in birds receiving a vaccine strain of the virus or a more vir ... | 2011 | 21420689 |
| [expression of green fluorescent protein using an infectious cdna clone of infectious bronchitis virus]. | an infectious cdna clone of h120 vaccine strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was constructed to demonstrate its potential as a gene transfer vector. primers were designed according to the published genome sequence of h120 strain, and ten cdna fragments covering the entire genome of h120 strain was amplified by rt-pcr. all the pcr products were ligated into pmd19-t vector and sequenced, and the orf5a open reading frame in the pmdtm9 plasmid was replaced by an enhanced green fluorescent pr ... | 2011 | 21462501 |
| development and validation of rt-pcr tests for the detection and s1 genotyping of infectious bronchitis virus and other closely related gammacoronaviruses within clinical samples. | two tests were developed that allow the detection and genotyping of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and other closely related gammacoronaviruses. the first test employs a one-step, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay in which the amplification is monitored in real time using a taqman(®) probe. this real-time rt-pcr test was used to examine a panel of field samples and its performance compared to virus isolation in embryonated fowls' eggs. a total of 323 field samples ... | 2011 | 21477114 |
| epidemiological survey and molecular characterization of avian infectious bronchitis virus in brazil between 2003 and 2009. | as part of an epidemiological study of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in brazil, 252 samples from ibv-suspect flocks were tested and the ibv-positive samples were analysed by sequencing of hypervariable regions 1 and 2 of the s1 gene. a high prevalence of ibv variants was found and the sequence analysis of 41 samples revealed a high molecular similarity among the brazilian isolates (from 90.2 to 100% and from 85.3 to 100% nucleotide and amino acid identity, respectively). the brazilian isolat ... | 2011 | 21500035 |
| first full-length sequences of the s gene of european isolates reveal further diversity among turkey coronaviruses. | an increasing incidence of enteric disorders clinically suggestive of the poult enteritis complex has been observed in turkeys in france since 2003. using a newly designed real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay specific for the nucleocapsid (n) gene of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and turkey coronaviruses (tcov), coronaviruses were identified in 37% of the intestinal samples collected from diseased turkey flocks. the full-length spike (s) gene of these viruses was a ... | 2011 | 21500038 |
| isolation and characterization of peacock chlamydophila psittaci infection in china. | the objective of this study was to isolate and identify suspected pathogens from peacocks and peacock farmers with severe pneumonia and to investigate its potential association with peacocks' pneumonia, caused by chlamydophila psittaci infection. a clinical examination of infected peacocks identified birds with symptoms of anorexia, weight loss, yellowish droppings, airsacculitis, sinusitis, and conjunctivitis, whereas the infected farmers showed high fever and respiratory distress. immunofluore ... | 2011 | 21500640 |
| circulation of infectious bronchitis virus strains from italy 02 and qx genotypes in slovenia between 2007 and 2009. | fourteen infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) detected in broiler, broiler breeder, and layer flocks in slovenia between 2007 and 2009 were molecularly analyzed by reverse transcription-pcr and direct sequencing of the s1 gene. phylogenetic analyses based on partial s1 gene sequences revealed that seven strains were classified as the italy 02 genotype, a genetic group of ibv that has not previously been detected in slovenia. another seven strains were classified as the qx genotype. the results o ... | 2011 | 21500655 |
| phylogenetic distribution and predominant genotype of the avian infectious bronchitis virus in china during 2008-2009. | abstract: | 2011 | 21510909 |
| immuno-pcr for one step detection of h5n1 avian influenza virus and newcastle disease virus using magnetic gold particles as carriers. | detecting avian influenza virus (aiv) and newcastle disease virus (ndv) at low concentrations from tracheal and cloacal swabs of avian influenza- and newcastle disease-infected poultry was carried out using a highly sensitive immunological-polymerase chain reaction (immuno-pcr) method. magnetic gold particles were pre-coated with a capture antibody, either a monoclonal anti-aiv/h5 or monoclonal anti-ndv/f and viruses serially diluted ten-fold from 10(2) to 10(-5)eid(50)/ml. a biotinylated detect ... | 2011 | 21511345 |
| ammonia disinfection of hatchery waste for elimination of single-stranded rna viruses. | hatchery waste, an animal by-product of the poultry industry, needs sanitation treatment before further use as fertiliser or as substrate in biogas or composting plants, owing to the potential presence of opportunistic pathogens, including zoonotic viruses. effective sanitation is also important in viral epizootic outbreaks and as a routine, ensuring high hygiene standards on farms. this study examined the use of ammonia at different concentrations and temperatures to disinfect hatchery waste. i ... | 2011 | 21515734 |
| differentiation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus n protein using a virus-based elisa. | the bacterially expressed nucleocapsid (n) protein of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (prrsv) was used as immunogen to generate a rabbit-derived polyclonal antibody. the immunoreactivity of the protein to the antibody was confirmed by western blot analysis. using prrsv, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, pseudorabies virus, and avian infectious bronchitis virus as coating antigens, a virus-based elisa was established. the polyclonal antibody ... | 2011 | 21529294 |
| attenuated live vaccine usage affects accurate measures of virus diversity and mutation rates in avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | the full-length genomes of 11 infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) field isolates from three different types of the virus; massachusetts (mass), connecticut (conn) and california (cal) isolated over a 41, 25 and 8 year period respectively, were sequenced and analyzed to determine the mutation rates and level of polymorphisms across the genome. positive selection was not detected and mutation rates ranged from 10(-4) to 10(-6)substitutions/site/year for mass and conn ibv types where attenuated live ... | 2011 | 21539870 |
| action mechanisms of lithium chloride on cell infection by transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is a porcine coronavirus. lithium chloride (licl) has been found to be effective against several dna viruses, such as herpes simplex virus and vaccinia virus. recently, we and others have reported the inhibitory effect of licl on avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus (ibv) infection, an rna virus. in the current study, the action mechanism of licl on cell infection by tgev was investigated. plaque assays and 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phe ... | 2011 | 21573100 |
| oral and nasal dna vaccines delivered by attenuated salmonella typhimurium induce protective immune response against infectious bronchitis in chickens. | several studies have reported that intramuscular injection of dna vaccines against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) induces protective immune responses. in the present study, we developed oral and nasal dna vaccines that carried the s1 gene and n gene of ibv delivered by attenuated salmonella typhimurium strains, sl/pv-s1 and sl/pv-n, respectively. the safety and stability of recombinant salmonella vaccine were evaluated. following oral and nasal administration of chickens, the serum and mucosa ... | 2011 | 21593235 |
| characterisation and evaluation of antiviral recombinant peptides based on the heptad repeat regions of ndv and ibv fusion glycoproteins. | mixed virus infections can cause livestock losses that are more devastating than those caused by single virus infections. newcastle disease virus (ndv) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), serious threats to the poultry industry, can give rise to complex mixed infections that hinder diagnosis and prevention. in this study, we show that newly designed peptides, which are based on the heptad repeat (hr) region of the fusion glycoproteins from ndv and ibv, have more potent antiviral activity than ... | 2011 | 21601229 |
| coronavirus nsp6 proteins generate autophagosomes from the endoplasmic reticulum via an omegasome intermediate. | autophagy is a cellular response to starvation which generates autophagosomes to carry cellular organelles and long-lived proteins to lysosomes for degradation. degradation through autophagy can provide an innate defence against virus infection, or conversely autophagosomes can promote infection by facilitating assembly of replicase proteins. we demonstrate that the avian coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) activates autophagy. a screen of individual ibv non-structural proteins (nsps) ... | 2011 | 21799305 |
| infectious bronchitis virus in testicles and venereal transmission. | even though males represent only 8%-12% of the birds of a breeder flock, their role in infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) dissemination is largely unknown. we first assessed the effect of ibv replication in the chicken testes. ten-week-old males were inoculated with arkansas (ark) or massachusetts (mass) ibv virulent strains. seven days postinoculation (dpi) ibv rna was detected in testicles of 100% of m41- and in 96% of ark-infected males. marginal nonsynonymous variation was detected in spike ( ... | 2011 | 21793442 |
| recombinational histories of avian infectious bronchitis virus and turkey coronavirus. | phylogenetic analysis of complete genomes of the avian coronaviruses avian infectious bronchitis (aibv) and turkey coronavirus (tcov) supported the hypothesis that numerous recombination events have occurred between these viruses. although the two groups of viruses differed markedly in the sequence of the spike protein, the gene (s) encoding this protein showed no evidence of positive selection or of an elevated mutation rate. rather, the data suggested that recombination events have homogenized ... | 2011 | 21744259 |
| induction of cystic oviducts and protection against early challenge with infectious bronchitis virus serotype d388 (genotype qx) by maternally derived antibodies and by early vaccination. | since the end of 2003, strains of the d388 serotype (qx genotype) of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) have caused considerable damage to the dutch poultry industry. in order to better understand the pathogenesis of infection caused by this infectious bronchitis variant and to be able to support the poultry industry with substantiated advice to prevent or decrease the damage caused by the d388 strain, several vaccination and challenge experiments were performed in young specific pathogen free la ... | 2011 | 21834621 |
| sequence analysis of s1 genes of infectious bronchitis virus isolated in thailand during 2008-2009: identification of natural recombination in the field isolates. | during 2008-2009, fifteen field infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) were isolated from commercial chicken farms in thailand. after sequencing of the complete s1 gene, phylogenetic analysis was performed and this found that the thai ibv isolates were divided into three distinct groups, unique to thailand (group i), qx-like ibv (group ii), and massachusetts type (group iii). this finding indicated that the recent thai ibvs evolved separately and that at least three groups of viruses are circulati ... | 2011 | 21706315 |
| infectious bronchitis virus variants: a review of the history, current situation and control measures. | the history, current situation and control measures for infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) variants are reviewed. a large number of ibv variants exist worldwide; some being unique to a particular area, others having a more general distribution. the possible reasons why some strains spread readily over major parts of the world, whereas other strains stay more localized are discussed. the advantages and disadvantages of strain classification by protectotyping, serotyping and genotyping are discusse ... | 2011 | 21711181 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the s1 glycoprotein gene of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in china during 2009-2010. | as part of our ongoing surveillance program, 40 field strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were isolated from dead or diseased chicken flocks in different areas of china between 2009 and 2010. s1 glycoprotein genes of these strains were sequenced and analyzed with 38 strains published in genbank. s1 genes of these isolated strains and the vaccine strains showed nucleotide homologies ranging from 65.2 to 82% and amino acid homologies ranging from 58.4 to 81.9%. meanwhile, chinese ib ... | 2011 | 21842233 |
| binding of avian coronavirus spike proteins to host factors reflects virus tropism and pathogenicity. | the binding of viruses to host cells is the first step in determining tropism and pathogenicity. while avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus (ibv) infection and avian influenza a virus (iav) infection both depend on +¦2,3-linked sialic acids, the host tropism of ibv is restricted compared to that of iav. here we investigated whether the interaction between the viral attachment proteins and the host could explain these differences by using recombinant spike domains (s1) of ibv strains with diff ... | 2011 | 21697468 |
| Prevalence of infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease virus among domestic and wild birds in H5N1 outbreaks areas. | The first H5N1 outbreak in Burkina Faso was reported to the World Organization for Animal Health on 3 April 2006. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of avian influenza virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and Newcastle disease virus among domestic and wild birds in highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks areas. | 2011 | 21841299 |
| effects of blood sample mishandling on elisa results for infectious bronchitis virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus and chicken anaemia virus. | this study determined the effect of sample mishandling on the performance of elisas for detection of antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), avian encephalomyelitis virus (aev) and chicken anaemia virus (cav) in the serum of chickens. the effects of five different sample mishandling treatments were assessed: heat treatment, repetitive freezing and thawing and three levels of severity of haemolysis. these mishandling treatments simulated different conditions that might occur during ... | 2011 | 22015139 |
| In vitro and in vivo effects of Houttuynia cordata on infectious bronchitis virus. | Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus, causes infectious bronchitis leading to enormous economic loss in the poultry industry worldwide. Houttuynia cordata (Saururaceae) (HC) is a traditional Chinese medicine used in China. In the present study, the effect of HC on cell infection by IBV was determined using plaque assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The inhibitory effect of HC on IBV infection in ovo and in vivo was analysed using specific pathogen free (S ... | 2011 | 21848486 |
| Recombination in avian gamma-coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | Recombination in the family Coronaviridae has been well documented and is thought to be a contributing factor in the emergence and evolution of different coronaviral genotypes as well as different species of coronavirus. However, there are limited data available on the frequency and extent of recombination in coronaviruses in nature and particularly for the avian gamma-coronaviruses where only recently the emergence of a turkey coronavirus has been attributed solely to recombination. In this stu ... | 2011 | 21994806 |
| The sialic acid binding activity of the S protein facilitates infection by porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus. | Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) has a sialic acid binding activity that is believed to be important for enteropathogenicity, but that has so far appeared to be dispensable for infection of cultured cells. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of sialic acid binding for the infection of cultured cells under unfavorable conditions, and comparison of TGEV strains and mutants, as well as the avian coronavirus IBV concerning their dependence on the sialic acid binding activit ... | 2011 | 21910859 |
| Epidemiology and immunoprotection of nephropathogenic avian infectious bronchitis virus in southern China. | In last three years, 96 suspected poultry farms from different provinces in China were diagnosed for avian infectious bronchitis (IB) survey. Finally, 221 IBV strains were confirmed by dwarf embryo test and RT-PCR assay. By virus recovery trials, 187 of the isolates caused the birds died or distressed from nephritis, which was accordant with the clinical record. | 2011 | 22032619 |
| Crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune responses to infectious bronchitis virus after vaccination and challenge of chickens varying in serum mannose-binding lectin concentrations. | Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a C-type collectin with structural similarities to C1q, is an innate pattern-recognition molecule that is sequestered to sites of inflammation and infections. MBL selectively binds distinct chemical patterns, including carbohydrates expressed on all kinds of pathogens. The present study shows that serum MBL levels influence the ability of chickens to clear the respiratory tract of virus genomes after an infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection. The primary IBV in ... | 2011 | 22008821 |
| impact of competitive non-protective antigens in a booster killed vaccine on seroconversions to protective antigens of newcastle disease virus in chickens. | this study was designed to examine the impact of competitive non-protective antigens in a bivalent killed vaccine of newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis (ib) virus on seroconversions against protective fusion protein of newcastle disease (nd) virus (ndv), in free-range layers primed by live nd-clone 30 and ib-h120 vaccines. the experimental design included two free-range layer farms in which sera of randomly chosen layers were collected on two occasions from each of the two farms n ... | 2011 | 22194228 |
| Changes in nonstructural protein 3 are associated with attenuation in avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | Full-length genome sequencing of pathogenic and attenuated (for chickens) avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains of the same serotype was conducted to identify genetic differences between the pathotypes. Analysis of the consensus full-length genome for three different IBV serotypes (Ark, GA98, and Mass41) showed that passage in embryonated eggs, to attenuate the viruses for chickens, resulted in 34.75-43.66% of all the amino acid changes occurring in nsp 3 within a virus typ ... | 2011 | 21909766 |