| deqi sensation between the acupuncture-experienced and the naïve: a korean study ii. | previous experience of acupuncture is believed to affect people's expectation of future treatments. therefore, subjects who have had acupuncture are generally excluded from sham-controlled acupuncture clinical trials. however, this assumption has not been proven, but just accepted because of the lack of evidence to the contrary. to investigate the difference in frequency and intensity of acupuncture sensation between subjects who have had acupuncture and those who have not, 36 acupuncture-experi ... | 2005 | 15974491 |
| method of labeling antibodies with europium(iii)-4,7-bis(chlorosulfophenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-di-carboxylic acid chelate. | on the basis of eu(iii)-4,7-bis(chlorosulfophenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-di-carboxylic acid chelate (bcpda) that was synthesized and characterized for time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (trfia), donkey anti-hepatitis b surface (anti-hbs) was labeled with bcpda-eu3+. coomassie brilliant blue was used to determine the protein concentration and radio immunoassay (ria) for detecting the biological activity in the labeled protein. optimal conditions for the protein labeling were obtained by monitoring ... | 2005 | 15984213 |
| selection of ligands for affinity chromatography using quartz crystal biosensor. | this paper described a new strategy for rapid selecting ligands for application in affinity chromatography using a quartz crystal microbalance (qcm) biosensor. an aminoglycoside antibiotic drug, kanamycin (km), was immobilized on the gold electrodes of the qcm sensor chip. the binding interactions of the immobilized km with various proteins in solution were monitored as the variations of the resonant frequency of the modified sensor. such a rapid screen analysis of interactions indicated clearly ... | 2005 | 15987134 |
| effects of acute ammonia toxicity on nitric oxide (no), citrulline-no cycle enzymes, arginase and related metabolites in different regions of rat brain. | nitric oxide (no) is involved in many pathophysiological processes in the brain. no is synthesized from arginine by nitric oxide synthase (nos) enzymes. citrulline formed as a by-product of the nos reaction, can be recycled to arginine by successive actions of argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) and argininosuccinate lyase (asl) via the citrulline-no cycle. hyperammonemia is known to cause poorly understood perturbations of the citrulline-no cycle. to understand the role of citrulline-no cycle in ... | 2005 | 16009439 |
| synthesis, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and influence on eicosanoid metabolism of cobalt-alkyne modified fructoses in comparison to auranofin and the cytotoxic cox inhibitor co-ass. | propargylhexacarbonyldicobalt complexes with fructopyranose ligands were prepared and investigated for cytotoxicity in the mcf-7 human breast cancer cell line. the antiproliferative effects depended on the presence of isopropylidene protecting groups in the carbohydrate ligand and correlated with the cellular concentration of the complexes. ic(50) values of > 20 microm demonstrated that the fructose derivatives were only moderately active compared to the references auranofin and the aspirin (ass ... | 2005 | 16010362 |
| determination of triacylglycerols in donkey milk by using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. | the separation and determination of triacylglycerols (tags), which are the main components of naturally occurring fats and oils, in milk fat is a challenging task due to the very complex nature of this matrix. in the present study the tag fraction of donkey milk lipids has been characterized by using high performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (hplc-apci-ms). hplc in reversed phase mode has been used for tag separation and silver ion (ag+) hp ... | 2005 | 16013829 |
| [study on mitochondrial dna d-loop polymorphism in chinese donkeys]. | the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) d-loop sequences with 399 bp in 26 individuals from 5 donkey breeds in china were analyzed. aligned by clustal w software,the results showed that 23 polymorphic nucleotide sites and only transition with the percentage of 5.76% in 399 bp were observed. in reference to mtdna d-loop sequences of european domestic donkey as a control, the average percentage of mtdna d-loop nucleotide variation in 5 chinese donkey breeds was 1.80%. the average percentages of d-loop nucle ... | 2005 | 16018258 |
| anti-lymphoma effect of gammadelta t cells. | during the last few years, our knowledge about the activation and control of non-major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-restricted innate effector lymphocytes (such as natural killer (nk) cells, nk t cells and gammadelta t cells) has advanced enormously and immunotherapeutic strategies based on these cell types receive more and more attention. apart from nk cells, several lines of evidence indicate that t cells, which express an alternative t cell receptor (tcr) composed of a cd3-associated gamm ... | 2005 | 16019504 |
| what anions do inside a receptor's cavity: a trifurcate anion receptor providing both electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions. | the trifurcate receptor 1(3+) forms stable 1:1 complexes with halide and oxo anions in mecn solution, as shown by spectrophotometric and 1h nmr experiments, and selectively recognizes chloride (lg k(ass) > 7) in the presence of fluoride and bromide. the high stability reflects the receptor's ability to donate up to six hydrogen bonds (from three pyrrole n-h and three c-h fragments, polarized by the proximate positive charge) to the included anion. addition of an excess of more basic anions (f- a ... | 2005 | 16021647 |
| patent ductus arteriosus in a donkey foal. | | 1972 | 16030605 |
| a case of steatitis and myonecrosis in a donkey foal. | | 1983 | 16030958 |
| role of fibrillar abeta25-35 in the inflammation induced rat model with respect to oxidative vulnerability. | the major pathological ramification of alzheimer's disease (ad) is accumulation of beta-amyloid (abeta) peptides in the brain. an emerging therapeutic approach for ad is elimination of excessive ass peptides and preventing its re-accumulation. immunization is the most effective strategy in removing preexisting cerebral abetas and improving the cognitive capacity as shown in transgenic mice model of ad. however, active immunization is associated with adverse effect such as encephalitis with periv ... | 2005 | 16036338 |
| serologic and molecular characterization of anaplasma species infection in farm animals and ticks from sicily. | although anaplasma marginale was known to be endemic in italy, the diversity of anaplasma spp. from this area have not been characterized. in this study, the prevalence of anaplasma spp. antibodies in randomly selected farm animals collected on the island of sicily was determined by use of a msp5 celisa for anaplasma spp. and an immunofluorescence test specific for anaplasma phagocytophilum. genetic variation among strains of anaplasma spp. from animals and ticks was characterized using the a. m ... | 2005 | 16043300 |
| [a proposal for a protocol for use in the evaluation of the executive functions]. | executive functions include a variety of components such as the capacity implicated in goal formulation, the faculties employed in processes planning, and the strategies used to achieve the pretended objectives. in a previous work, taking as starting basis those models which have attempted to clarify those processes implicated in executive functions, we posed an integrative model. | 2005 | 16047302 |
| differentiating among horse (equus caballus), donkey (equus asinus) and their hybrids with combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial gene polymorphism. | a novel and brief method of differentiating among horse (equus caballus) and donkey (equus asinus) and their hybrids (mule, e. asinus x e. caballus and hinny, e. caballus x e. asinus) with combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial gene polymorphism (canmgp) was reported in the present report. a nuclear gene, protamine p1 gene of donkey was sequenced and compared with the known horse sequence from genbank while a published equid mitochondrial gene, cytochrome b gene of donkey was compared wi ... | 2005 | 16060497 |
| [influence of preoperative treatment with aspirin or heparin on platelet function and intensity of postoperative bleeding in early period after coronary artery bypass surgery]. | the aim of the study was to evaluate influence of preoperative treatment with aspirin or heparin on platelet function and intensity of postoperative blood loss in early period after coronary artery bypass grafting (cabg). | 2005 | 16062025 |
| selective entrapment of the cationic form of norfloxacin within anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles at physiological ph and its effect on the drug photodecomposition. | the binding of the photosensitizing fluoroquinolone (fq) antibiotic norfloxacin (nx) to sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) micelles and the photoreactivity of the nx/sds complex under physiological ph conditions are investigated by means of absorption and emission spectroscopy, steady-state and laser flash photolysis. it is shown that the photolabile zwitterionic form of nx, which is dominant at physiological ph, is not the most abundant species in the presence of sds micelles. this medium exhibits a ... | 2006 | 16076246 |
| almost all about citrulline in mammals. | citrulline (cit, c6h13n3o3), which is a ubiquitous amino acid in mammals, is strongly related to arginine. citrulline metabolism in mammals is divided into two fields: free citrulline and citrullinated proteins. free citrulline metabolism involves three key enzymes: no synthase (nos) and ornithine carbamoyltransferase (oct) which produce citrulline, and argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) that converts it into argininosuccinate. the tissue distribution of these enzymes distinguishes three "orthog ... | 2005 | 16082501 |
| microstructured layers of spherical biofunctional core-shell nanoparticles provide enlarged reactive surfaces for protein microarrays. | nanostructured core-shell particles with tailor-made affinity surfaces were used to generate microstructured affinity surfaces by microspotting the particles to form densely packed amorphous nanoparticle layers. these layers provided a large reactive surface for the specific binding of protein ligands from aqueous solution. biofunctional core-shell particles were synthesized for this purpose that consisted of a silica core with a diameter of 100 nm and an organic shell a few nm thick. the nanopa ... | 2005 | 16096752 |
| development and validation of a simple and direct elisa method for the determination of conjugated (glucuronide) and non-conjugated testosterone excretion in urine. | several methods are now available to estimate urinary testosterone levels that can only be performed in established big laboratories using gc/ms techniques. in clinical practice or for research projects, an inexpensive method that does not require skilled technicians would be useful. a simple, rapid and accurate elisa method has been developed and applied in our laboratory to measure urinary non-conjugated and total testosterone. | 2006 | 16098502 |
| laparoscopic sterilization of sardinia donkeys using an endoscopic stapler. | to describe a laparoscopic technique for sterilization of the male donkey using an endoscopic linear stapler (els). | 2005 | 16115083 |
| argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency: mutation analysis in 3 thai patients. | remarkable improvements in public health, nutrition, hygiene, and availability of medical services in the last 20 years have significantly reduced infant and childhood mortality in thailand. therefore, many rare and previously unidentified genetic disorders, which, in the past, usually led to the death of affected infants before a definitive diagnosis, have now been increasingly recognized. recently, we identified three unrelated patients from thailand who suffered from citrullinemia, one of fiv ... | 2005 | 16124451 |
| presenilin immunoreactivity in alzheimer's disease. | the role of presenilin (ps) mutations in familial alzheimer's disease (ad) may be as a toxic gain of function, but in sporadic disease their contribution is more difficult to understand. in this study, we investigated ps proteins in sporadic ad by comparing the immunocytochemical profiles in sporadic ad with control brains using a quantitative immunocytochemical approach to both the n- and c-terminals of ps1 and ps2. ten patients with pathologically proven ad (using modified consortium to establ ... | 2005 | 16128871 |
| [correlation of high-sensitivity crp concentration with the extent of coronary atherosclerosis in men with symptoms of ischemic heart disease]. | atherogenesis is combined with inflammation of low intensity within endothelium. to-date studies have demonstrated that c-reactive protein is the best marker of this type of inflammation because its concentrations not only reflect the intensity of the process but they also carry prognostic information in apparently healthy general population as well as in patients with symptomatic atherosclerosis. the aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between high-sensitivity crp (hscrp) and the ... | 2005 | 16161944 |
| elimination of bitter, disgusting tastes of drugs and foods by cyclodextrins. | the bitter taste of drugs, food components, and any other substances which get in the mouth as dissolved in an aqueous solution, or in the saliva, can be strongly reduced or fully eliminated, if the bitter component forms an inclusion complex with an appropriate cyclodextrin (cd). the value of the complex association constant (determined by the structure of the bitter 'guest' molecule and the size and eventual substitution of the 'host' cd molecule), the temperature and the host/guest ratio dete ... | 2005 | 16185857 |
| metabolic derangements in deficiency of citrin, a liver-type mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier. | citrin, encoded by slc25a13, is a liver-type mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier (agc), of which deficiency, in autosomal recessive trait, causes neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis (niccd) and adult-onset type ii citrullinemia (ctln2). niccd patients have jaundice, hypoproteinemia, hypoglycemia, galactosemia, growth retardation, fatty liver and multiple aminoacidemia including citrulline, methionine, threonine and tyrosine. some of the neonates who have experienced niccd suffer from severe ... | 2005 | 16199199 |
| mammalian bite injuries to the head and neck region. | to determine the frequency and presentation of mammalian bite injuries to the head and neck region seen in a plastic surgery unit. | 2005 | 16202360 |
| amino acid mutations of the infectious clone from chinese eiav attenuated vaccine resulted in reversion of virulence. | the chinese equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) donkey-leukocyte attenuated vaccine (dlv) provides a unique natural model system by which attenuated mechanism and immunological control of lentivirus replication may be studied. we analyzed the critical consensus mutations that occurred during the viral passages in vitro and in vivo for vaccine's preparation. based on the full-length infectious clone plgfd3 (eiav vaccine background) and according to mutations displayed during viral attenuation, ... | 2006 | 16202485 |
| [cerebral secondary prevention--clopidogrel alone or in combination with ass]. | | 2005 | 16211404 |
| [ass or clopidogrel plus esomeprazole after bleeding from an ulcer]. | | 2005 | 16220275 |
| site-specific intraoperative efficacy of arthroscopic knee joint synovectomy in rheumatoid arthritis. | to assess the intraoperative reduction of inflammatory infiltrates achieved by arthroscopic knee joint synovectomy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) with special regard to the removal site, using preoperative and postoperative synovial tissue (st) samples. | 2005 | 16226649 |
| mass spectral analysis of domestic and wild equine apoa-i and a-ii: detection of unique dimeric forms of apoa-ii. | in pigs, humans, chimpanzees and probably other great apes, a cysteine at residue 6 enables apolipoprotein a-ii to form a homodimer. however, the apoa-iis of other primates, lacking a cysteine residue, are monomeric. we have already reported that horse apoa-iis form homodimers due also to a cysteine at residue 6. in this study, we wanted to determine whether other equine apoa-iis might be monomeric. the high density lipoproteins were ultracentrifugally isolated from the plasmas of a horse (equus ... | 2005 | 16230041 |
| blood transfusion and resuscitation using penile corpora: an experimental study. | to test the feasibility of using the penile corpora cavernosa for blood transfusion and resuscitation purposes. | 2005 | 16230176 |
| a study of archaeal enzymes involved in polar lipid synthesis linking amino acid sequence information, genomic contexts and lipid composition. | cellular membrane lipids, of which phospholipids are the major constituents, form one of the characteristic features that distinguish archaea from other organisms. in this study, we focused on the steps in archaeal phospholipid synthetic pathways that generate polar lipids such as archaetidylserine, archaetidylglycerol, and archaetidylinositol. only archaetidylserine synthase (ass), from methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus, has been experimentally identified. other enzymes have not been fully ... | 2005 | 16243780 |
| quality control of tablets by near infrared (nir)-spectroscopy. | today, nir-spectroscopy is an established analytical technique not only in the identification of raw materials but also in the quantification of active ingredients in tablets. in this work calibration models were set up with tablets of the same active ingredient but of miscellaneous origin and manufacturess. consequently the tablets had different excipients and appearance. the pharmaceutical preparations used included atenolol 100 mg tablets, enalapril 20 mg tablets and acetylsalicylic acid (ass ... | 2005 | 16259120 |
| detailed biochemical characterization of human placental cystatin (hpc). | a low molecular weight thiol protease inhibitor (12,500) purified from human placenta has been characterized in detail. human placental cystatin (hpc) was found to be stable in the ph range 3.0-9.0 and temperature stability was between 40 and 100 degrees c. it does not have any disulphide groups and carbohydrate content. there was no cross-reaction between anti-hpc serum and other purified cystatins like hmw kininogens isolated from sheep plasma and phytocystatins isolated from phaseolus mungo. ... | 2006 | 16271758 |
| pedigree information reveals moderate to high levels of inbreeding and a weak population structure in the endangered catalonian donkey breed. | the catalonian donkey is one of the most endangered donkey breeds in the world. at present, five main subpopulations exist: afrac, which consists of many genetically connected catalonian localities; berga, which consists of a single herd located also in catalunya but under private management; and three minor non-catalonian subpopulations (huesca, sevilla and toledo). in this study, we analysed the pedigree information of the catalonian donkey herdbook to assess the genetic diversity and populati ... | 2005 | 16274421 |
| molecular profiling of platinum resistant ovarian cancer. | the aim of this study is to discover a gene set that can predict resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. the study was performed on 96 primary ovarian adenocarcinoma specimens from 2 hospitals all treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. in our search for genes, 24 specimens of the discovery set (5 nonresponders and 19 responders) were profiled in duplicate with 18k cdna microarrays. confirmation was done using quantitative rt-pcr on 72 independent specimens (9 nonresponder ... | 2006 | 16287073 |
| recombinant soluble human fcgamma receptor i with picomolar affinity for immunoglobulin g. | the ectodomain of human fcgammari (rscd64) was expressed in hek 293t cells and purified by immobilized-metal affinity chromatography. binding activity to human igg was verified by elisa and the isotype-specificity determined by a surface plasmon resonance inhibition assay was found to be the same as for native cd64. the active concentration of the rscd64 preparation was derived using a solution competition assay and was used for the subsequent kinetic analysis. binding curves were well described ... | 2005 | 16289041 |
| role of transcranial magnetic stimulation in differentiating motor nervous tract disorders from other causes of recumbency in four horses and one donkey. | transcranial magnetic stimulation and measurement of the magnetic motor-evoked potentials (mmeps) in the thoracic and pelvic limbs of four recumbent horses and one recumbent donkey were used to assess the integrity of the descending motor pathways, in order to confirm or exclude a descending motor tract lesion as the cause of the recumbency. in two of the animals abnormal mmeps were recorded; in one of the horses a lesion along the cervical spinal cord due to a fracture of the fifth cervical ver ... | 2005 | 16299367 |
| one-armed artificial receptors for the binding of polar tetrapeptides in water: probing the substrate selectivity of a combinatorial receptor library. | we have recently developed a new class of one-armed artificial receptors 1 for the binding of the polar tetrapeptide n-ac-d-glu-l-lys-d-ala-d-ala-oh (ekaa) 2 in water using a combined combinatorial and statistical approach. we have now further probed the substrate selectivity of this receptor library 1 by screening a second tetrapeptide substrate (3) with the inverse sequence n-ac-d-ala-d-ala-l-lys-d-glu-oh (aake). this "inverse" substrate is also efficiently bound by our receptors, with k(ass) ... | 2006 | 16315202 |
| serological evidence of west nile virus (wnv) in mammalian species in turkey. | in this study, the sera collected from a variety of mammalian species (ass-mules, cat, cattle, dog, horse, human and sheep) in 10 representative provinces of turkey, were surveyed for the presence of neutralizing antibodies to west nile virus (wnv). overall, 1 of 40 (2.5%) ass-mules, 4 of 100 (4%) cattle, 43 of 114 (37.7%) dogs, 35 of 259 (13.5%) horses, 18 of 88 (20.4%) humans and 1 of 100 (1%) sheep, tested positive for wnv-neutralizing antibodies. the results indicate that a wide range of mam ... | 2006 | 16316496 |
| identification and characterization of tandem repeats in exon iii of dopamine receptor d4 (drd4) genes from different mammalian species. | in this study we have identified and characterized dopamine receptor d4 (drd4) exon iii tandem repeats in 33 public available nucleotide sequences from different mammalian species. we found that the tandem repeat in canids could be described in a novel and simple way, namely, as a structure composed of 15- and 12- bp modules. tandem repeats composed of 18-bp modules were found in sequences from the horse, zebra, onager, and donkey, asiatic bear, polar bear, common raccoon, dolphin, harbor porpoi ... | 2005 | 16332176 |
| farm animals' fascioliasis in ezbet el-bakly (tamyia center) al-fayoum governorate. | to continue the study on fascioliasis in tamyia center, some farm animals were investigated for natural infection with fasciola species by stool examination. the results showed 40% infection in sheep, 20% in buffalos, 6.7% in donkeys and zero% in horses. the overall percentage of infection was 25.5. the sheep (total dose 1800mg) and the donkey (total dose (4500 mg.) were successfully treated with mirazid. on the other hand, one buffalo was successfully treated by a total dose 7500mg, the seconds ... | 2005 | 16333892 |
| a review of the factors affecting the survival of donkeys in semi-arid regions of sub-saharan africa. | the large fluctuations seen in cattle populations during periods of drought in sub-saharan africa are not evident in the donkey population. donkeys appear to have a survival advantage over cattle that is increasingly recognized by smallholder farmers in their selection of working animals. the donkey's survival advantages arise from both socioeconomic and biological factors. socioeconomic factors include the maintenance of a low sustainable population of donkeys owing to their single-purpose role ... | 2005 | 16335068 |
| the effect of providing feed supplementation and anthelmintic to donkeys during late pregnancy and lactation on live weight and survival of dams and their foals in central ethiopia. | anthelmintic treatment (a), feed supplementation (f), anthelmintic and feed supplementation (a+f) or traditional management (control) was given to 166 pregnant female donkeys in three localities (holetta, debre zeit and adami tulu) in ethiopia during an on-farm study. treatments started during the last trimester of pregnancy and continued until 6 months after parturition when the foals were weaned. the same treatments were administered to foals once they reached 1 month of age. live weights of a ... | 2005 | 16335069 |
| the impact of access to animal health services on donkey health and livelihoods in ethiopia. | this study was carried out to assess the impact of animal healthcare services on poor donkey owners in ethiopia. the services provided by the donkey sanctuary were used as a case study. a questionnaire survey was designed and carried out in the areas around debre zeit in the highlands of ethiopia. the staff carried out a survey at 10 sites. six of these were in donkey sanctuary project areas and four were in control areas. the results showed that in project areas donkeys were significantly healt ... | 2005 | 16335071 |
| the impact of donkey ownership on the livelihoods of female peri-urban dwellers in ethiopia. | this paper is based on an impact assessment of a donkey provision programme in ethiopia. the work was carried out in 2001 as part of a dfid livestock production programme project 'use and management of donkeys by poor societies in peri-urban areas in ethiopia'. in order to establish whether donkey ownership was a cause or an effect of improved livelihoods, an investigation was carried out that compared non-donkey-owning households with households that had owned no donkey until they were given on ... | 2005 | 16335072 |
| a longitudinal survey of market donkeys in ethiopia. | this survey was conducted at three sites in ethiopia. the purpose of the survey was to provide detailed information on donkey use in rural and peri-urban areas. the study revealed that donkeys are indeed of immense value to farmers and merchants, being used almost daily for income-generating activities. unfortunately, they are rarely given any veterinary attention, they receive no feed supplements and their owners are often unaware of improved saddling techniques that would reduce the back sores ... | 2005 | 16335073 |
| technology transfer pathways and livelihood impact indicators in central ethiopia. | a survey was conducted in central ethiopia to elicit information on existing and potential dissemination pathways for technical information on donkey husbandry. a detailed socio-economic survey was also conducted to provide background information on the people and the region, and livelihood indicators were drawn out at the same time. the results showed that there are many opportunities for group dissemination by making use of existing social networks. there are also opportunities for disseminati ... | 2005 | 16335074 |
| digestible energy requirements of mexican donkeys fed oat straw and maize stover. | the limited availability of food, together with the constraints that traditional management systems impose on the natural foraging behaviour of donkeys, often results in severe under-nutrition. few studies have been conducted into the digestibility of different forages and little information exists on nutritional requirements of donkeys. in order to measure digestible energy requirements of donkeys under tropical conditions, an experiment was carried out at the centre for research in agricultura ... | 2005 | 16335075 |
| study of the genetic origin of the mexican creole donkey (equus asinus) by means of the analysis of the d-loop region of mitochondrial dna. | the aim of this work was to analyse the genetic origin of the mexican creole donkey, as well as its genetic diversity, by comparison with spanish and african donkey populations by means of the d-loop region of mitochondrial dna. to this end, the genomic dna of 68 mexican creole donkeys from eight geographical regions in six states of the republic of mexico and from a sicilian donkey was obtained. by the polymerase chain-reaction technique (pcr) a fragment of 541 bp was amplified, corresponding t ... | 2005 | 16335078 |
| clinical variation of aarskog syndrome in a large family with 2189dela in the fgd1 gene. | the clinical diagnosis of ass (aarskog-scott syndrome or faciogenital dysplasia) was made in seven individuals belonging to a large arabic family, which was supported by molecular studies revealing a 2189dela mutation in exon 15 of the fdg1 gene. the affected individuals in this family demonstrated clinical variability particularly in their cognitive skills, raising the question whether other genetic factors might be involved in the phenotypic evolution of ass. | 2006 | 16353258 |
| global perspectives on animal welfare: africa. | livestock production systems, production objectives, the cultural values of livestock keepers, and the close relationship between keepers and their livestock have evolved over the years and have influenced the quality of animal welfare in africa. an equivalent level and quality of care is not evident for companion animals, especially dogs and donkeys, who are often mistreated and physically abused. in the densely populated highland and humid coastal belts of africa, profit-driven commercial larg ... | 2005 | 16358509 |
| global perspectives on animal welfare: asia, the far east, and oceania. | in asia and the far east, livestock undergo major suffering due to malnutrition, overloading, and ill-treatment. at slaughter animals are handled roughly and watch other animals being killed; stunning is not practised. cruelty to other animals such as elephants, horses, donkeys, bears, dogs, and circus animals has largely been prevented through the efforts of animal welfare organisations. governments have taken initiatives to establish animal welfare boards and enact laws for the prevention of c ... | 2005 | 16358511 |
| equine cutaneous non-neoplastic nodular and proliferative lesions in the pacific northwest. | a retrospective study examined data on cutaneous nodular and proliferative lesions in horses, donkeys and mules submitted to the veterinary diagnostic laboratory at oregon state university in a 3.5-year period. one hundred and sixteen non-neoplastic nodular and proliferative lesions were identified, comprising 18% of all lesions studied and 6.4% of total equine pathology accessions. exuberant granulation tissue, eosinophilic granuloma, fungal granuloma, cysts and habronaemiasis were most common, ... | 2005 | 16359312 |
| implication of apoe isoforms in cholesterol metabolism by primary rat hippocampal neurons and astrocytes. | apolipoprotein e (apoe) has been genetically linked to late-onset alzheimer's disease. from the three common alleles (epsilon2, epsilon3 and epsilon4), epsilon4 has been suggested to promote amyloid beta (ass) plaque fibrillation, one hallmark of alzheimer's disease. it has been demonstrated that altered lipid content of hippocampal plasma membrane coincides with the disease. in this study, we show for the first time that the apoe dependent cholesterol metabolism in hippocampal neurons is higher ... | 2006 | 16376010 |
| biphasic effect of il-1beta on the activity of argininosuccinate synthetase in caco-2 cells. involvement of nitric oxide production. | the expression of the argininosuccinate synthetase gene (ass), the limiting enzyme of arginine synthesis, was previously shown to be rapidly induced by a short-term (4 h) exposure to il-1beta in caco-2 cells [biochimie, 2005, 403-409]. the present report shows that, by contrast, a long-term (24 h) exposure to il-1beta inhibited the ass activity despite an increase in both specific mrna level and protein amount, demonstrating a post-translational effect. concerning the mechanism involved, we demo ... | 2006 | 16380201 |
| species-specific polymerase chain reaction amplification of camel (camelus) dna extracts. | a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method based on amplification of a specific dna fragment was established for the identification of camel (camelus) materials. the species-specific primer pair l183/h372 was designed based on the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, and its specificity was confirmed by amplification of 3 camel (domestic double-humped camel, wild double-humped camel, wild one-humped camel) samples and 11 non-camelus animal (sheep, goat, pig, chicke ... | 2005 | 16385988 |
| buffering and dilution in red blood cell storage. | red blood cell (rbc) storage solutions work in a narrow ph range between 7.2 and 6.4. while keeping rbc within that ph range, atp production can be increased by buffering or dilution. | 2006 | 16398730 |
| psycho-biological correlates of free-floating anxiety symptoms in male patients with sexual dysfunctions. | anxiety has a relevant impact on everyday life, including sexual life, and therefore is considered the final common pathway by which social, psychological, and biological stressors negatively affect sexual functioning. the aim of this study is to define the psycho-biological correlates of free-floating anxiety in a large sample of patients complaining of erectile dysfunction (ed)-based sexual problems. we studied a consecutive series of 882 ed patients using siedy, a 13-item structured interview ... | 2006 | 16400083 |
| development of a faster determination of 10 anabolic steroids residues in animal muscle tissues by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. | a method had been developed for determination of residues of 10 anabolic steroids (ass) in animal muscle tissues by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (lc/ms/ms). after enzymolysis, the sample was extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether, cleaned up through reverse solid-phase extraction and further determined by lc/ms/ms under multiple reaction monitoring (mrm) mode. the limits of detection (lod) of lc/ms/ms method used for testing epitestosterone (ets), nandrolone (17 beta-nt), 17 al ... | 2006 | 16406452 |
| the effect of body condition on ovarian activity of free ranging tropical jennies (equus asinus). | serial ultrasonography was performed on seven jennies to study the effect of seasonally fluctuating body condition on ovarian activity during the dry, short rainy and long rainy seasons. kendall tau correlations and differences of least square mean values were compared. a distinct seasonal pattern was observed both in body condition and ovarian activity. the mean (+/-sd) body condition score (bcs) was lowest during the dry season 2.6 +/- 0.45 when compared with 3.5 +/- 0.52 and 3.9 +/- 0.58 duri ... | 2006 | 16411899 |
| evolutionary movement of centromeres in horse, donkey, and zebra. | centromere repositioning (cr) is a recently discovered biological phenomenon consisting of the emergence of a new centromere along a chromosome and the inactivation of the old one. after a cr, the primary constriction and the centromeric function are localized in a new position while the order of physical markers on the chromosome remains unchanged. these events profoundly affect chromosomal architecture. since horses, asses, and zebras, whose evolutionary divergence is relatively recent, show r ... | 2006 | 16413164 |
| clioquinol for the treatment of alzheimer's disease. | alzheimer's disease (ad) may result in senile plaques being formed outside the brain as accumulation of beta-amyloid (ass). | 2006 | 16437529 |
| a comparison of the effect of forage type and level of feeding on the digestibility and gastrointestinal mean retention time of dry forages given to cattle, sheep, ponies and donkeys. | four cattle, sheep, ponies and donkeys were fed dehydrated lucerne, early-cut hay, later-cut hay or barley straw in a latin square-based design for four periods of 35 d. in the first sub-period animals were fed the diets ad libitum (1-21 d) and in the second sub-period they were fed the same diet restricted to 0.75 of ad libitum intake (days 22-35). measurements of forage intake, apparent digestibilities and gastrointestinal mean retention times (mrt) were made in the last 7 d of each sub-period ... | 2006 | 16441920 |
| clinical application of parenteral nutrition in the treatment of five ponies and one donkey with hyperlipaemia. | five ponies and one donkey with hyperlipaemia that occurred secondarily to a variety of primary clinical conditions were treated with lipid-free partial parenteral nutrition comprising equal volumes of 50 per cent glucose and 15 per cent amino acids. the infusion supplied energy and protein at rates of 2.6 kj/kg per hour and 34.3 mg/kg per hour, respectively. in all six cases there was a prompt and sustained decrease in serum concentrations of triglyceride. in four of the six cases a good respon ... | 2006 | 16461623 |
| consequences of iliac arterial atheroma on renal transplantation. | because recipient age has significantly increased in the last 15 years, surgeons must sometimes deal with atherosclerotic lesions of the iliac arterial system. arterial restoration during renal transplantation should now be less frequent due to better preoperative screening and the prevention of arteriosclerosis in patients on renal transplantation waiting lists but in some patients eia atheroma may require an additional surgical vascular procedure during renal transplantation. we describe the r ... | 2006 | 16469611 |
| epidemiological study of the cystic echinococcosis in morocco. | the objectives of this epidemiological study on cystic echinococcosis (ce) in morocco (2001-2004) were to update the prevalence of ce in different animal species living in the most important areas of the country and to collect protoscoleces and germinal layers for genetic research purposes. the post mortem inspection concerned 2948 sheep, 2337 goats, 618 cattle, 482 camels and 455 equines (325 horses, 60 mules and 70 donkeys) in five different regions: the rif (mediterranean coast and high mount ... | 2006 | 16473466 |
| prefrontal cerebral blood volume patterns while playing video games--a near-infrared spectroscopy study. | video game playing is an attractive form of entertainment among school-age children. although this activity reportedly has many adverse effects on child development, these effects remain controversial. to investigate the effect of video game playing on regional cerebral blood volume, we measured cerebral hemoglobin concentrations using near-infrared spectroscopy in 12 normal volunteers consisting of six children and six adults. a hitachi optical topography system was used to measure hemoglobin c ... | 2006 | 16481139 |
| crystal structure of haemoglobin from donkey (equus asinus) at 3a resolution. | haemoglobin from donkey was purified and crystallized in space group c2. the present donkey haemoglobin model comprises of two subunits alpha and beta. these alpha and beta subunits comprise of 141 and 146 amino acid residues, respectively, and the haem groups. the donkey haemoglobin differs from horse only in two amino acids of alpha-chain (his20 to asn and tyr24 to phe) and these substitutions do not significantly change the secondary structural features of donkey haemoglobin. the haem group r ... | 2006 | 16488065 |
| [implementation of modern trends in the methods of the ventilation support in the new apparatus for artificial lung ventilation avenir-221 p]. | in the new ventilator avenir-221 p modern lines of development of ventilation support in intensive therapy of adults and children are implemented. the capacities of the ventilator are successfully combined with its technical decisions which include microprocessor parametrical controlling, programming-controlled electric drive, an information saturation, intuitively clear control system, protection against interruption of power supply sources and oxygen feeding falls. a set of functional characte ... | 2005 | 16491658 |
| combined amino acid mutations occurring in the envelope closely correlate with pathogenicity of eiav. | the chinese equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) donkey-leukocyte attenuated vaccine (dlv) provides a unique natural model system to study the attenuation mechanism and immunological control of lentivirus replication. critical consensus mutations were identified between virulent chinese eiav strains and vaccine strains. based on a full-length infectious clone of eiav vaccine strain plgfd3, two molecular clones, mfd5-4-7 and mfd7-2-11, were successfully constructed, in which 4 and 6 critical con ... | 2006 | 16502285 |
| reduced inorganic sulfur speciation in drain sediments from acid sulfate soil landscapes. | we examined processes regulating reduced inorganic sulfur (ris) speciation in drain sediments from coastal acid sulfate soil (ass) landscapes. pore water sulfide was undetectable or present at low levels (0.6-18.8 microm), consistent with fes(s) precipitation in the presence of high concentrations of fe2+ (generally >2 mm). acid-volatile sulfide (avs), with concentrations up to 1019 micromol g(-1), comprised a major proportion of ris. the avs to pyrite-s ratios were up to 2.6 in sediment profile ... | 2006 | 16509333 |
| improved syntheses of bis(beta-cyclodextrin) derivatives, new carriers for gadolinium complexes. | in the last decade a number of reports have been published on the synthesis and characterization of bridged cyclodextrin dimers (bis-cds) connected with linkers of different lengths and structures. these dimers, having two hydrophobic cavities in close proximity, display much higher binding affinities and molecular selectivities than parent cds, forming stable supramolecular adducts. we describe new synthetic protocols for the preparation of bis(beta-cds) bearing 2-2', 3-3' and 6-6' bridges. som ... | 2006 | 16525557 |
| [acetylsalicylic acid does not alter the mechanoelectrical transduction of mammalian outer hair cells in vitro]. | high doses of acetylsalicylic acid (ass) induce tinnitus and hearing loss. this ototoxic side effect of ass is characterized by a decrease in spontaneous and evoked otoacoustic emissions. a decrease in otoacoustic emissions is found not only in mammals, but also in non-mammalian ears without electromotile outer hair cells. the molecular mechanism underlying ass ototoxicity seems to be competitive binding to and a block of the motor molecule prestin. in non-mammalian species, ass ototoxicity is p ... | 2006 | 16528510 |
| autonomic symptoms during childhood partial epileptic seizures. | to analyze systematically the occurrence and age dependence as well as the localizing and lateralizing value of ictal autonomic symptoms (ass) during childhood partial epilepsies and to compare our results with those of earlier adult studies. | 2006 | 16529626 |
| ticks infesting livestock on farms in western sicily, italy. | the results of a 2-year survey on ticks infesting livestock on farms in western sicily, italy, are reported. several dogs living in the same area were also examined for ticks. moreover, free-living ticks from one cattle farm were caught by co(2) traps and flagging. a total of 6208 specimens was collected belonging to 9 species: rhipicephalus bursa (32.4%), rhipicephalus turanicus (22.7%), rhipicephalus sanguineus (19.3%), hyalomma lusitanicum (12.0%), haemaphysalis punctata (7.8%), hyalomma marg ... | 2006 | 16550337 |
| the efficacy of intratumoural 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of equine sarcoids. | to document the efficacy of intratumoural injections of 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of equine sarcoids. | 2006 | 16555558 |
| antibody type specificity to trachoma in eye secretions of saudi arab children. | the presence of trachoma antibody in eye secretions of saudi arab children appears to be a direct response to the infecting organism. in 35 of 36 cases, the trachoma antibody type found in eye secretions was identical to the strain type isolated concurrently. strain types were identified by use of donkey hyperimmune sera prepared against types 1, 1b, and 2. the specificity of the sera was enhanced by absorption with trachoma antigens of heterologous type. similarly, antibody types were determine ... | 1970 | 16557801 |
| survey of equine cutaneous neoplasia in the pacific northwest. | a retrospective study examined data regarding equine cutaneous and mucocutaneous neoplasms submitted to the veterinary diagnostic laboratory at oregon state university in a 3.5-year period. a total of 536 neoplasms were identified, accounting for 30% of the total equine pathology submissions. sarcoid, squamous cell carcinoma, melanocytic tumors, papillomas, and mast cell tumors were the most common neoplasms, constituting 87.5% of all cutaneous neoplasms. sarcoids represented 51.4% of all neopla ... | 2006 | 16566271 |
| some distributions associated with bose-einstein statistics. | this paper examines a stochastic process for bose-einstein statistics that is based on gibrat's law (roughly: the probability of a new occurrence of an event is proportional to the number of times it has occurred previously). from the necessary conditions for the steady state of the process are derived, under two slightly different sets of boundary conditions, the geometric distribution and the yule distribution, respectively. the latter derivation provides a simpler method than the one earlier ... | 1975 | 16578724 |
| high cerebral guanidinoacetate and variable creatine concentrations in argininosuccinate synthetase and lyase deficiency: implications for treatment? | cerebral creatine and guanidinoacetate and blood and urine metabolites were studied in four patients with argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) or argininosuccinate lyase (asl) deficiency receiving large doses of arginine. urine and blood metabolites varied largely. cerebral guanidinoacetate was increased in all patients, while cerebral creatine was low in ass and high in asl deficiency. because high cerebral guanidinoacetate might be toxic, lowering the arginine supplementation with additional cre ... | 2006 | 16580861 |
| [postoperative antithrombotic treatment in diabetic patients]. | diabetes mellitus patients after aorto-coronary bypass operation constitute a patient cohort at largely increased risk for secondary coronary events. antiplatelet agents and antithrombotic agents are applied for secondary prevention. up to now, secondary prevention has not been addressed specifically in the cohort of diabetic patients after bypass operation. hence therapeutic recommendations are derived from the global cohort of cad patients and based on risk assessment rather than on specific d ... | 2006 | 16598554 |
| genetic and phylogenetic characterization of rabies virus isolates from wildlife and livestock in paraiba, brazil. | thirty-four rabies virus (rv) isolates from foxes (8), insectivore bats (9), cattle (14), sheep (1), a goat (1) and a donkey (1) from paraiba state, northeastern brazil, were genetically characterized. sequences of 890 nts of nucleoprotein (n) genes of these isolates were analyzed and compared with those of other brazilian isolates characterized earlier. phylogenetic analysis revealed three genetical lineages of rv co-existing in this region. each lineage was found to be associated with particul ... | 2006 | 16599183 |
| the involvement of lipid rafts in alzheimer's disease. | the amyloidogenesis occurring in alzheimer's disease represents a fundamental membrane-related pathology involving a membrane-bound substrate metabolized by integral membrane proteases (secretases). thus, the amyloid-beta peptide (abeta), which accumulates extracellularly as plaques in the brains of alzheimer's disease patients, is derived by sequential proteolytic cleavage of the integral transmembrane amyloid precursor protein (app). beta-secretase or bace-1 (beta-site app cleaving enzyme) is ... | 2006 | 16611586 |
| american foulbrood of the honey bee: occurrence and distribution of different genotypes of paenibacillus larvae in the administrative district of arnsberg (north rhine-westphalia). | between march 2003 and october 2004, paenibacillus larvae, the aetiological agent of american foulbrood disease of the honey bee, was isolated from broodcombs and honey samples of 54 apiaries in the administrative district of arnsberg (north rhine-westphalia, germany). genotyping of 176 p. larvae isolates with repetitive element polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting (rep-pcr) using box a1r and mbo rep1 primers revealed five different genotypes (ab, ab, ab, ass, acapital be, cyrillic). in samp ... | 2006 | 16626408 |
| tnf-alpha snp haplotype frequencies in equidae. | tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in the regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. in all vertebrate species the genes encoding tnf-alpha are located within the major histocompatability complex. in the horse tnf-alpha has been ascribed a role in a variety of important disease processes. previously two single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) have been reported within the 5' un-translated region of the equine tnf-alpha gene. we ... | 2006 | 16671944 |
| intracranial administration of deglycosylated c-terminal-specific anti-abeta antibody efficiently clears amyloid plaques without activating microglia in amyloid-depositing transgenic mice. | antibodies against the ass peptide clear ass deposits when injected intracranially. deglycosylated antibodies have reduced effector functions compared to their intact counterparts, potentially avoiding immune activation. | 2006 | 16686956 |
| involvement of c-myc-regulated genes in hepatocellular carcinoma related to genotype-c hepatitis b virus. | the purpose of this study was to elucidate the molecular basis of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) caused by genotype-c hepatitis b virus (hbv). | 2006 | 16703398 |
| a large outbreak of hepatitis e among a displaced population in darfur, sudan, 2004: the role of water treatment methods. | the conflict in darfur, sudan, was responsible for the displacement of 1.8 million civilians. we investigated a large outbreak of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in mornay camp (78,800 inhabitants) in western darfur. | 2006 | 16705572 |
| purification of the skeletal muscle protein endopin 1b and characterization of the genes encoding endopin 1a and 1b isoforms. | in the present work, a new endopin-like serpin designed mendopin 1b was purified from bovine muscle. biochemical characterizations (amino acid sequencing and maldi-tof mass spectrometry peptide mapping) demonstrated that the purified protein is different from the previously described endopin 1, renamed mendopin 1a. the genes and cdna of both endopins were characterized. the cdna sequence of mendopin 1b encodes a predicted protein of 411 amino-acids with a molecular mass of 43808da. the mendopin ... | 2006 | 16716310 |
| sexual behavior of donkey jacks: influence of ejaculatory frequency and season. | the courtship of 5 jacks was evaluated weekly for 12 mo. the characteristics of sexual behavior were recorded before the collection of 2 ejaculates, at 4-h intervals, into an artificial vagina in the presence of a female in either natural or induced estrus. the maximum time given to the jack to perform the ejaculatory mount was 1 h. if the jacks did not ejaculate, another attempt was made the following week. at the time of collection, the male and female remained free in a paddock (20 m2). the d ... | 1996 | 16727925 |
| effect of ejaculation frequency and season on donkey jack semen. | semen characteristics of first and second successive ejaculates from 6 jacks were evaluated weekly for 12 mo. the semen was collected at 4-h intervals, using an artificial vagina with a female in either natural or induced estrus. the statistical analysis was done by factorial delineation 2 x 2 in randomized blocks. due to some ejaculation failures, the data had to be divided into 2 groups (a and b) for statistical analysis: group a - ejaculates preceded by 2 ejaculates in the previous week and g ... | 1997 | 16728015 |
| epidemiologic aspects of taylorella equigenitalis. | contagious equine metritis (cem) is a sexually transmissible disease in mares. although the disease is commonly diagnosed by culturing the causative bacterium taylorella equigenitalis (t. equigenitalis) . false negative results do occur. a recently developed polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay, however, appeared to be much more sensitive, with initial results indicating an unexpected high incidence of the agent in selected horses. in this study, samples from 107 randomly selected mares with no ... | 1997 | 16728066 |
| equine arteritis virus. | equine arteritis virus (eav) is a small, enveloped, positive-stranded rna virus, in the family arteriviridae , w.h.ich can infect both horses and donkeys. while the majority of eav infections are asymptomatic, acutely infected animals may develop a wide range of clinical signs, including pyrexia, limb and ventral edema, depression, rhinitis, and conjunctivitis. the virus may cause abortion and has caused mortality in neonates. after natural eav infection, most horses develop a solid, long-term i ... | 1997 | 16728076 |
| comparative pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in clinically normal horses and donkeys. | to determine the disposition of a bolus of meloxicam (administered iv) in horses and donkeys (equus asinus) and compare the relative pharmacokinetic variables between the species. | 2006 | 16740106 |
| the as-contaminated elqui river basin: a long lasting perspective (1975-1995) covering the initiation and development of au-cu-as mining in the high andes of northern chile. | the elqui watershed (northern chile) constitutes a highly contaminated river system, with arsenic exceeding by up to three orders of magnitude the average for river waters. there are three main reasons that explain this contamination: (1) the regional geology and hydrothermal (mineralizing) processes that developed in this realm during miocene time; (2) the later unroofing-erosion-oxidation-leaching of as-cu rich sulfide ores, a process that have been taking place for at least 10,000 years; and ... | 2006 | 16752201 |
| towards the implementation of the "basket of options" approach to helminth parasite control of livestock: emphasis on the tropics/subtropics. | the virtual reliance on anthelmintic drugs alone to control internal parasites of livestock is inappropriate and ultimately unsustainable. in the tropics and subtropics, widespread and high levels of anthelmintic resistance, particularly in nematode parasites of small ruminants, is rife. but more to the point, many farmers in these regions of the world are resource poor and cannot afford, or are reluctant to purchase drugs that may also be of dubious quality. as it is with any intervention, the ... | 2006 | 16764993 |
| gene expression profiling of paired ovarian tumors obtained prior to and following adjuvant chemotherapy: molecular signatures of chemoresistant tumors. | chemotherapy (ct) resistance in ovarian cancer is related to multiple factors, and assessment of these factors is necessary for the development of new drugs and therapeutic regimens. in an effort to identify such determinants, we evaluated the expression of approximately 21,000 genes using dna microarray screening in paired tumor samples taken prior to and after ct treatment from 6 patients with predominantly advanced stage, high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer. a subset of differentially expres ... | 2006 | 16773180 |