| principles and levels of laterality in unimanual and bimanual stone handling patterns by japanese macaques. | the preferential use of one hand over the other is considered the primary behavioral expression of structural and functional asymmetry in cerebral structures, which is a decisive factor in human evolution. we present the first analysis of manual laterality in a form of object play-stone handling (sh) behavior-in a free-ranging group of japanese macaques. defined as a stone-directed manipulative activity, and comprised of multiple one-handed sh patterns (e.g., grabbing a stone in one hand and cra ... | 2010 | 19931886 |
| establishment of vertebral heart scale in the growth period of the japanese macaque (macaca fuscata). | we performed a thoracic x-ray examination of 56 japanese macaques to obtain normal reference values for vertebral heart scale (vhs). mean vhs was 10.25 +/- 0.94 v. in males, mean vhs was 10.56 +/- 0.73 v, with no significant correlation to age or weight. in contrast, mean vhs in females was 9.97 +/- 1.03 v, and tended to decrease with increasing age and weight. these findings will facilitate the diagnosis of cardiac disease in japanese macaques in the future. | 2010 | 20009429 |
| seasonal changes in food resource distribution and feeding sites selected by japanese macaques on koshima islet, japan. | feeding sites of japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) change according to seasonal fluctuations in food resource distribution. to examine what characteristics of food items affect feeding site selection, i describe herein the seasonal changes in food items, feeding sites, and food resource distributions of this species. feeding behavior of monkeys and their food resource distributions were investigated on koshima islet, southern japan, for four study periods (i.e., seasons) in 2002. monkeys showed ... | 2010 | 20013297 |
| brief communication: dynamic plantar pressure distribution during locomotion in japanese macaques (macaca fuscata). | to better place the form and motion of the human foot in an evolutionary context, understanding how foot motions change when quadrupeds walk bipedally can be informative. for this purpose, we compared the pressures beneath the foot during bipedal and quadrupedal walking in japanese macaques (macaca fuscata). the pressure at nine plantar regions was recorded using a pressure mat (120 hz), while the animals walked on a level walkway at their preferred speeds. the results revealed substantial diffe ... | 2010 | 20027608 |
| seasonal and reproductive variation in body condition in captive female japanese macaques (macaca fuscata). | the geographic distribution of japanese macaques includes populations with the most northern range of any primate species. not surprisingly, females of this species are characterized by physiological adaptations and unique fat deposition mechanisms that facilitate their survival through the sometimes-harsh seasonal conditions of temperate climates, as well as sustaining the metabolic costs of mating, pregnancy, and lactation. here, we explore the relationship between nutritional status, seasonal ... | 2010 | 20027637 |
| asymmetric perception of radial expansion/contraction in japanese macaque (macaca fuscata) infants. | visual radial expansion/contraction motion provides important visual information that is used to control several adaptive actions. we investigated radial motion perception in infant japanese macaque monkeys using an experimental procedure previously developed for human infants. we found that the infant monkeys' visual preference for the radial expansion pattern was greater than that for the radial contraction pattern. this trend towards an "expansion bias" is similar to that observed in human in ... | 2010 | 20041235 |
| three-dimensional musculoskeletal kinematics during bipedal locomotion in the japanese macaque, reconstructed based on an anatomical model-matching method. | studying the bipedal locomotion of non-human primates is important for clarifying the evolution of habitual bipedalism in the human lineage. however, quantitative descriptions of three-dimensional kinematics of bipedal locomotion in non-human primates are very scarce, due to difficulties associated with measurements. in this study, we performed a kinematic analysis of bipedal locomotion on two highly trained (performing) japanese macaques walking on a treadmill at different speeds and estimated ... | 2010 | 20060569 |
| effects of vegetation type on habitat use by crop-raiding japanese macaques during a food-scarce season. | habitat use by crop-raiding japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) was studied in western japan from december 2005 to february 2006, a food-scarce season. to examine how different vegetation types affect habitat use by monkeys, two crop-raiding troops were compared: the first troop inhabited a habitat involving more wild food resources; the second troop inhabited a habitat providing fewer wild food resources. it was hypothesized that monkeys living in the habitat with fewer wild food resources are m ... | 2010 | 20063041 |
| characterization of oculomotor and visual activities in the primate pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus during visually guided saccade tasks. | the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (pptn) has anatomical connections with numerous visuomotor areas including the basal ganglia, thalamus, superior colliculus and frontal eye field. although many anatomical and physiological studies suggest a role for the pptn in the control of conditioned behavior and associative learning, the detailed characteristics of saccade- and visual-related activities of pptn neurons remain unclear. we recorded the activity of pptn neurons in monkeys (macaca fuscata ... | 2009 | 20128856 |
| prenatal ontogeny of subspecific variation in the craniofacial morphology of the japanese macaque (macaca fuscata). | we cross-sectionally investigated prenatal ontogeny of craniofacial shape in the two subspecies of the japanese macaque (macaca fuscata fuscata and macaca fuscata yakui) using a geometric morphometric technique to explore the process of morphogenetic divergence leading to the adult morphological difference between the subspecies. the sample comprised a total of 32 formalin-fixed fetal specimens of the two subspecies, in approximately the second and third trimesters. each fetal cranium was scanne ... | 2010 | 20361348 |
| activity of pursuit-related neurons in medial superior temporal area (mst) during static roll-tilt. | recent studies have shown that rhesus macaques can perceive visual motion direction in earth-centered coordinates as accurately as humans. we tested whether coordinate frames representing smooth pursuit and/or visual motion signals in medial superior temporal area (mst) are earth centered to better understand its role in coordinating smooth pursuit. in 2 japanese macaques, we compared preferred directions (re monkeys' head-trunk axis) of pursuit and/or visual motion responses of mstd neurons whi ... | 2011 | 20421248 |
| creating a population-averaged standard brain template for japanese macaques (m. fuscata). | a number of modern digital anatomy techniques, based on structural mr brain images, have recently become applicable to the non-human primate brain. such voxel-based quantitative techniques require a species-specific standardized brain template. here we present a brain template for the japanese macaque (macaca fuscata). the template was designed to be used as a tool for spatially normalising japanese macaque brains into a standard space. although this species of macaque monkey is widely used in n ... | 2010 | 20452439 |
| japanese monkey deaths puzzle. | | 2010 | 20631767 |
| identification of non-taster japanese macaques for a specific bitter taste. | bitter taste perception evolved as a key detection mechanism against the ingestion of bioactive substances, and is mediated by tas2r gene family members in vertebrates. the most widely known and best studied bitter substance is phenylthiocarbamide (ptc), which is recognized by tas2r38 and has a molecular structure similar to that of glucosinolates contained in brassica plants. the "non-taster" phenotypic polymorphism (i.e., not sensitive to ptc-containing foods) has been identified in many prima ... | 2010 | 20665225 |
| ultrastructural localization of fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 in oxytalan fibers in periodontal ligament of japanese macaca fuscata monkey. | although oxytalan fibers are a ubiquitous component of the periodontal ligament, their composition and function remain to be fully clarified. the purpose of this study was to investigate the localization of fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2, large cysteine-rich glycoproteins, in monkey molar periodontal ligament by means of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopic immunogold labeling. fibers positive for both fibrillin-1 and -2 were observed throughout the periodontal ligament, and their pattern ... | 2010 | 20676737 |
| host age, sex, and reproductive seasonality affect nematode parasitism in wild japanese macaques. | parasites are characteristically aggregated within hosts, but identifying the mechanisms underlying such aggregation can be difficult in wildlife populations. we examined the influence of host age and sex over an annual cycle on the eggs per gram of feces (epg) of nematode parasites infecting wild japanese macaques (macaca fuscata yakui) on yakushima island. five species of nematode were recorded from 434 fecal samples collected from an age-structured group of 50 individually recognizable macaqu ... | 2010 | 20711744 |
| retinopetal neurons located in the diencephalon of the japanese monkey (macaca fuscata). | after a monocular injection of the cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) into the vitreous chamber of one eye, the retrogradely labeled retinopetal neurons were studied in the diencephalon of the japanese monkey. the retrogradely transported tracer was visualized using the peroxidase antibody technique and an anti-cholera toxin antibody. the ctb-labeled nerve cell bodies were scattered in the periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, lateral hypothalamic area, and midline nuclei of the thalamus on bo ... | 2010 | 20715568 |
| the phylogenetic roots of cognitive dissonance. | we presented 7 old world monkeys (japanese macaques [macaca fuscata], gray-cheeked mangabey [lophocebus albigena], rhesus macaques [macaca mulatta], bonnet macaque [macaca radiate], and olive baboon [papio anubis]), 3 chimpanzees (pan troglodytes), 6 members of the parrot (psittacinae) family, and 4 american black bears (ursus americanus) with a cognitive dissonance paradigm modeled after egan, santos, and bloom (2007). in experimental trials, subjects were given choices between 2 equally prefer ... | 2010 | 20836593 |
| short communication: epidemiological evidence that simian t-lymphotropic virus type 1 in macaca fuscata has an alternative transmission route to maternal infection. | serological inspection of simian t-lymphotropic virus type 1 was conducted for a wild colony of macaca fuscata, which was captured in the middle honshu, japan. the increase of positive rate after the juvenile stage with the positive rate reaching 100% (or 35/35) in youngster and adult stages, was observed. this finding suggests that, in contrast with human t-lymphotropic virus type 1, horizontal transmission play an important role in increasing prevalence of stlv-1 with age among m. fuscata. | 2011 | 20854200 |
| cerebromalacia with epilepsy and cortical blindness in a laboratory japanese macaque (macaca fuscata). | the authors performed a pathological examination of a 5-year-old female laboratory japanese monkey who developed cortical blindness and epileptic seizures. generalized, tonic-clonic seizures started to occur during behavioral training to get the animal to enter a carrying cage for future psychological experiments. blindness was suspected because of a lack of approaching behavior toward foods such as fruits. although the monkey was extensively treated with anticonvulsants, the clinical signs did ... | 2010 | 20884816 |
| hypnotic effects and pharmacokinetics of a single bolus dose of propofol in japanese macaques (macaca fsucata fsucata). | to describe the hypnotic effects of a single bolus dose of propofol in japanese macaques, and to develop a pharmacokinetic model. | 2010 | 21040374 |
| [cortical control in locomotion]. | although simple in appearance, bipedal (bp) and even quadrupedal (qp) locomotion are highly tuned motor behaviors that require coordinated control in the spatial and temporal domains of head, neck, trunk, and limbs. seamless integration of limb movements and accompanying posture is a crucial determinant for the execution of desired locomotor movements. recent functional brain imaging studies have shown that multiple cerebral sensorimotor cortices and the cerebellum are highly activated during hu ... | 2010 | 21068450 |
| [computer modeling and simulation of bipedal walking in the japanese macaque]. | bipedal walking of the japanese macaque has recently emerged as an important paradigm for understanding the evolution and neuro-control mechanisms of human bipedal locomotion. however, locomotion is a very complex mechanical phenomenon that is generated by coordinated dynamic interactions among the sensory-motor nervous system, musculoskeletal system, and the physical world. to understand how biomechanical facilitation of locomotor function by the musculoskeletal system and locomotor muscle acti ... | 2010 | 21068455 |
| gender differences in the phosphorus content of the sino-atrial nodes and other cardiac regions of monkeys. | to examine whether there were gender differences in the sino-atrial node (san), the authors investigated the gender difference in the san using monkey hearts by direct chemical analysis from a viewpoint of element contents. the used rhesus and japanese monkeys consisted of 30 males (average age = 6.5 ± 7.5 years) and 30 females (average age = 12.2 ± 10.3 years), ranging in age from newborn to 30 years. the san tissues were removed from the anatomical position of monkey hearts and were confirmed ... | 2010 | 21120705 |
| gender differences in the phosphorus content of the sino-atrial nodes and other cardiac regions of monkeys. | to examine whether there were gender differences in the sino-atrial node (san), the authors investigated the gender difference in the san using monkey hearts by direct chemical analysis from a viewpoint of element contents. the used rhesus and japanese monkeys consisted of 30 males (average age = 6.5 ± 7.5 years) and 30 females (average age = 12.2 ± 10.3 years), ranging in age from newborn to 30 years. the san tissues were removed from the anatomical position of monkey hearts and were confirmed ... | 2010 | 21120705 |
| buffalo hepcidin: characterization of cdna and study of antimicrobial property. | hepcidin, a novel gene encoded, 25 residue, 2-3 kda cysteine rich cationic peptide synthesized in liver cells play an important role in iron metabolism in addition to its antimicrobial activity. in this study hepcidin cdna expressed on hepatocytes of bubalus bubalis has been characterized and the antibacterial activity of buffalo hepcidin analog has been determined. the complete buffalo hepcidin sequence is of 324 bp and have an orf of 249 nucleotides from 14 to 262. the sequence analysis at nuc ... | 2010 | 21161377 |
| pregnancy rate and conception date in a wild population of japanese monkeys. | this study is the first to determine the conception dates of specific individuals and estimate the pregnancy rate of a wild population in japanese monkeys. the conception dates estimated from the embryonic ages of 37 fetuses were distributed over 128 days between september 17 and january 23, with a mean conception date of november 19 (sd=29.2 days). a comparison of the mean conception dates among age groups showed a significantly delayed conception in the subadult animals (aged 4 to 5 years; dec ... | 2011 | 21233595 |
| pregnancy rate and conception date in a wild population of japanese monkeys. | this study is the first to determine the conception dates of specific individuals and estimate the pregnancy rate of a wild population in japanese monkeys. the conception dates estimated from the embryonic ages of 37 fetuses were distributed over 128 days between september 17 and january 23, with a mean conception date of november 19 (sd=29.2 days). a comparison of the mean conception dates among age groups showed a significantly delayed conception in the subadult animals (aged 4 to 5 years; dec ... | 2011 | 21233595 |
| complexity in object manipulation by japanese macaques (macaca fuscata): a cross-sectional analysis of manual coordination in stone handling patterns. | defined as a spontaneous stone-directed noninstrumental manipulative behavior, and comprised of multiple one-handed and (a)symmetrical/(un)coordinated two-handed patterns, stone handling (sh) is a good candidate for the study of complexity in object manipulation. we present a cross-sectional developmental analysis of sh complexity in japanese macaques (macaca fuscata), through the combined investigation of bimanuality, coordination, and symmetry in hand use. bimanual sh patterns were more freque ... | 2011 | 21244141 |
| internet-based atlas of the primate spinal cord. | in 2009, we reported an online brain atlas of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) at http://marmoset-brain.org:2008. here we report new digital images of the primate spinal cord sections added to the website. we prepared histological sections of every segment of the spinal cord of the common marmoset, rhesus monkey and japanese monkey with various staining techniques. the sections were scanned with carl zeiss mirax scan at light microscopic resolution. obtained digital data were processed a ... | 2011 | 21291922 |
| macaque cytochromes p450: nomenclature, transcript, gene, genomic structure, and function. | monkeys, especially macaques, including cynomolgus (macaca fascicularis) and rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta), are frequently used in drug metabolism studies due to their evolutionary closeness to humans. recently, numerous cytochrome p450 (p450 or cyp) cdnas have been identified and characterized in cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys and were named by the p450 nomenclature committee. however, recent advances in genome analysis of cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys revealed that some monkey p450s are appar ... | 2011 | 21303270 |
| relationship between canine dimorphism and mandibular morphology in the hamadryas baboon and the japanese monkey. | to examine morphological interrelationships between canine size and mandibular corpus shape, inter-sex comparisons were made in the hamadryas baboon and the japanese monkey, known to display extreme and moderate canine dimorphism, respectively. results of adult comparisons showed that all mandibular dimensions were significantly larger in the males than in the females in both species. in the hamadryas baboon, the males also exhibited a higher ratio of anterior to posterior corpus height than the ... | 2010 | 21404236 |
| fractal analysis of behaviour in a wild primate: behavioural complexity in health and disease. | parasitism and other stressors are ubiquitous in nature but their effects on animal behaviour can be difficult to identify. we investigated the effects of nematode parasitism and other indicators of physiological impairment on the sequential complexity of foraging and locomotion behaviour among wild japanese macaques (macaca fuscata yakui). we observed all sexually mature individuals (n = 28) in one macaque study group between october 2007 and august 2008, and collected two faecal samples/month/ ... | 2011 | 21429908 |
| long-term visual recognition of familiar persons, peers, and places by young monkeys (macaca fuscata). | five-year-old japanese monkeys were tested on long-term visual recognition memory. the objects used were those that they had encountered daily during their first 2 years of life as to-be-remembered stimuli: persons, peers, and places. after a 3-year delay, we conducted a recognition test using the preferential looking paradigm where the monkeys were presented with pictures of these familiar stimuli in combination with those of novel stimuli. the monkeys looked relatively longer at pictures of fa ... | 2011 | 21432851 |
| long-term visual recognition of familiar persons, peers, and places by young monkeys (macaca fuscata). | five-year-old japanese monkeys were tested on long-term visual recognition memory. the objects used were those that they had encountered daily during their first 2 years of life as to-be-remembered stimuli: persons, peers, and places. after a 3-year delay, we conducted a recognition test using the preferential looking paradigm where the monkeys were presented with pictures of these familiar stimuli in combination with those of novel stimuli. the monkeys looked relatively longer at pictures of fa ... | 2011 | 21432851 |
| genetic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of escherichia coli from japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) in rural japan. | escherichia coli was isolated from wild and captive japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) to investigate the risk of zoonotic infections and the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant escherichia coli in the wild macaque population in shimokita peninsula, a rural area of japan. we collected 265 fresh fecal samples from wild macaques and 20 samples from captive macaques in 2005 and 2006 for e. coli isolation. the predominant isolates were characterized by serotyping, virulence gene profiling, plasmid ... | 2011 | 21441178 |
| shape of, and body direction in, huddles of japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) in arashiyama, japan. | we studied huddles of japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) in the arashiyama e troop at the "arashiyama monkey park, iwatayama" of kyoto, central japan. the macaques made physical contact with other individuals and formed huddles when the air was cold. the 99-101 adult females and 26-36 adult males in the study troop formed 345 huddles during 42 scan samples in the winter of 2001 and 376 huddles during 52 scan samples in the winter of 2002. the average size of huddles was 2.3 (range 2-7) individua ... | 2011 | 21442467 |
| characterization of aβpn3 deposition in the brains of dogs of various ages and other animal species. | senile plaques (sp) are characteristic histopathological manifestations of alzheimer's disease (ad), but are also found in normal aging (na). recent studies have demonstrated that beta amyloid (aβ) proteins that have been truncated at the n-terminal position 3 (aβpn3) are the predominant component of sp in ad, but not in na. the present study revealed that aβpn3 was deposited in an age-dependent manner in canine brains. moreover, aβpn3 was the main component of the sp that developed in very old ... | 2011 | 21557687 |
| forward dynamic simulation of bipedal walking in the japanese macaque: investigation of causal relationships among limb kinematics, speed, and energetics of bipedal locomotion in a nonhuman primate. | japanese macaques that have been trained for monkey performances exhibit a remarkable ability to walk bipedally. in this study, we dynamically reconstructed bipedal walking of the japanese macaque to investigate causal relationships among limb kinematics, speed, and energetics, with a view to understanding the mechanisms underlying the evolution of human bipedalism. we constructed a two-dimensional macaque musculoskeletal model consisting of nine rigid links and eight principal muscles. to gener ... | 2011 | 21590751 |
| physical intuitions about support relations in monkeys (macaca fuscata) and apes (pan troglodytes). | nonhuman primates, like humans, have demonstrated various physical intuitions. cacchione and krist (2004) examined chimpanzees' intuitions about support relations with the violation-of-expectation task. they reported that the chimpanzees possessed intuitions about support, but their intuitions differed from those of humans in part; they were sensitive to "contact/no-contact" and "amount of contact" but not "type of contact" rule. to further explore intuitions about support in nonhuman primates, ... | 2011 | 21604855 |
| physical intuitions about support relations in monkeys (macaca fuscata) and apes (pan troglodytes). | nonhuman primates, like humans, have demonstrated various physical intuitions. cacchione and krist (2004) examined chimpanzees' intuitions about support relations with the violation-of-expectation task. they reported that the chimpanzees possessed intuitions about support, but their intuitions differed from those of humans in part; they were sensitive to "contact/no-contact" and "amount of contact" but not "type of contact" rule. to further explore intuitions about support in nonhuman primates, ... | 2011 | 21604855 |
| phasic reward responses in the monkey striatum as detected by voltammetry with diamond microelectrodes. | reward-induced burst firing of dopaminergic neurons has mainly been studied in the primate midbrain. voltammetry allows high-speed detection of dopamine release in the projection area. although voltammetry has revealed presynaptic modulation of dopamine release in the striatum, to date, reward-induced release in awakened brains has been recorded only in rodents. to make such recordings, it is possible to use conventional carbon fibres in monkey brains but the use of these fibres is limited by th ... | 2011 | 21645558 |
| phasic reward responses in the monkey striatum as detected by voltammetry with diamond microelectrodes. | reward-induced burst firing of dopaminergic neurons has mainly been studied in the primate midbrain. voltammetry allows high-speed detection of dopamine release in the projection area. although voltammetry has revealed presynaptic modulation of dopamine release in the striatum, to date, reward-induced release in awakened brains has been recorded only in rodents. to make such recordings, it is possible to use conventional carbon fibres in monkey brains but the use of these fibres is limited by th ... | 2011 | 21645558 |
| age class differences in the feeding behavior of captive japanese macaques (macaca fuscataia) in the forested and nonvegetated enclosure groups. | age class differences in feeding behavior of primates are affected by many factors, including feeding competition, foraging skills, habitat type, food abundance and distribution, body mass, and food types. two captive groups of japanese macaques (macaca fuscata), one housed in a forested enclosure and the other in a nonvegetated enclosure, were studied to examine the effect of environmental enrichment on age class differences in feeding behavior. although there was no significant age class diffe ... | 2011 | 21656847 |
| japanese macaque encephalomyelitis: a spontaneous multiple sclerosis-like disease in a nonhuman primate. | to describe japanese macaque encephalomyelitis (jme), a spontaneous inflammatory demyelinating disease occurring in the oregon national primate research center's (onprc) colony of japanese macaques (jms, macaca fuscata). | 2011 | 21674589 |
| positive selection of toll-like receptor 2 polymorphisms in two closely related old world monkey species, rhesus and japanese macaques. | toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) plays an important role in the recognition of a variety of pathogenic microbes. in the present study, we compared polymorphisms of tlr2 locus in two closely related old world monkey species, rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) and japanese monkey (macaca fuscata). by nucleotide sequencing of the third exon of tlr2 gene from 21 to 35 respective individuals, we could assign 17 haplotype combinations of 17 coding snps of ten non-synonymous and seven synonymous substitutions. ... | 2011 | 21744114 |
| long-term ovariectomy alters social and anxious behaviors in semi-free ranging japanese macaques. | symptoms of anxiety and depression often occur in young women after complete hysterectomy and in older women during menopause. there are many variables that are hard to control in human population studies, but that are absent to a large extent in stable nonhuman primate troops. however, macaques exhibit depressive and anxious behaviors in response to similar situations as humans such as isolation, stress, instability or aggression. therefore, we hypothesized that examination of behavior in ovari ... | 2011 | 21835209 |
| Inefficient use of inverted pendulum mechanism during quadrupedal walking in the Japanese macaque. | In animal walking, the gravitational potential and kinetic energy of the center of mass (COM) fluctuates out-of-phase to reduce the energetic cost of locomotion via an inverted pendulum mechanism, and, in canine quadrupedal walking, up to 70% of the mechanical energy can be recovered. However, the rate of energy recovery for quadrupedal walking in primates has been reported to be comparatively lower. The present study analyzed fluctuations in the potential and kinetic energy of the COM during qu ... | 2011 | 21874286 |
| stone handling behavior in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta), a behavioral propensity for solitary object play shared with japanese macaques. | stone handling (sh) behavior was systematically studied in a captive troop of rhesus macaques housed at the primate research institute of kyoto university, and compared with the results of long-term studies of this behavior in japanese macaques, to evaluate the similarities of sh behavior in these two closely related species. similar to japanese macaques, rhesus macaques showed age-related differences in sh. young animals were more active and displayed more sh patterns and bouts than did adults. ... | 2011 | 22037669 |
| Interspecies difference in placement of developing teeth and its relationship with cross-sectional geometry of the mandibular symphysis in four primate species including modern humans. | The form of the anthropoid mandibular symphysis has recently been addressed in association with spatial requirements for the forming anterior teeth. To evaluate potential relationships between the symphyseal shape and teeth further, the growth patterns of the symphyseal region and the positioning of the tooth crypts were examined using CT data, comparing four primate species (modern humans, chimpanzees, Japanese monkeys, and hamadryas baboons) with varied symphyseal curvature and tooth size. Fir ... | 2011 | 22120684 |
| Interspecies difference in placement of developing teeth and its relationship with cross-sectional geometry of the mandibular symphysis in four primate species including modern humans. | The form of the anthropoid mandibular symphysis has recently been addressed in association with spatial requirements for the forming anterior teeth. To evaluate potential relationships between the symphyseal shape and teeth further, the growth patterns of the symphyseal region and the positioning of the tooth crypts were examined using CT data, comparing four primate species (modern humans, chimpanzees, Japanese monkeys, and hamadryas baboons) with varied symphyseal curvature and tooth size. Fir ... | 2011 | 22120684 |
| a photogrammetric method to evaluate nutritional status without capture in habituated free-ranging japanese macaques (macaca fuscata): a pilot study. | the quantification of nutritional status (e.g., total body fat) of animals is difficult, because the linear dimension (body length) required for the calculation of proxy parameters, such as the physique or body mass indices, cannot be measured without capture. one solution is photogrammetry of body length, provided the following two criteria are met: (1) the camera axes and subject are oriented vertically, and (2) anatomical landmarks are easily identified with low measurement error. by modifyin ... | 2011 | 22057793 |
| redescription of enterobius (enterobius) macaci yen, 1973 (nematoda: oxyuridae: enterobiinae) based on material collected from wild japanese macaque, macaca fuscata (primates: cercopithecidae). | abstract enterobius (enterobius) macaci yen, 1973 (nematoda: oxyuridae: enterobiinae) was collected from a japanese macaque, macaca fuscata, in nara and yamaguchi prefectures, honshu is., japan, for the first time. a redescription is presented along with dna sequence data. this pinworm is a typical member of the subgenus enterobius, and is characteristic in the spicule morphology, being readily distinguished from other congeners. phylogenetic analyses based on 18s ribosomal rna gene (rdna) and ... | 2011 | 21916620 |
| a non-human primate model of bipedal locomotion under restrained condition allowing gait studies and single unit brain recordings. | for decades, several animal models of locomotion have allowed a better understanding of the basic physiological mechanisms of gait. however, unlike most of the mammals, the order primates is characterized by fundamental changes in locomotor behaviour. in particular, some primates use a specific pattern of locomotion and are able to naturally walk bipedally due possibly to a specific supra-spinal control of locomotion. these features must be taken into account when one considers to study the intr ... | 2011 | 22155386 |
| Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Japanese Macaque Babesia-1 (JM-1) detected from a Japanese Macaque (Macaca fuscata fuscata). | We demonstrate here the identification and phylogenetic characterization of Babesia microti (B. microti)-like parasite detected from a splenectomized Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata fuscata) at a facility for laboratory animal science. On Day 133 after splenectomy, intra-erythrocytic parasites were found on light microscopic examination, and the level of parasitemia reached 0.3% on blood smear. Molecular characterization of the parasite using nested-polymerization chain reactions targeting the ... | 2011 | 21976563 |
| an analysis of leg joint synergy during bipedal walking in japanese macaques. | we analyzed bipedal locomotion of japanese macaques from the view point of leg joint synergy by the ucm (uncontrolled manifold) analysis in order to examine how and when hip, knee and ankle joints cooperate so as to suppress the variances of the toe position relative to the hip position. our results showed that joint synergy is exploited at some moments during walking. for instance, the variance of the vertical toe position was suppressed by joint synergy when the tip of the finger passes its lo ... | 2011 | 22256241 |
| talar maturity determined by epiphyseal closure of the calcaneus. | the talus is used in many kinds of studies on primates including fossil species, and most of the individuals studied are adults. one of the most important indicators of adult individuals is epiphyseal closure; however, because the talus has no epiphysis, it is difficult to determine the maturity of the talus. the calcaneus has one epiphysis, and it has been used along with the talus in some analyses. the objective of this study was to quantify the maturation trajectory of the talus using epiphys ... | 2012 | 23296326 |
| multisynaptic inputs from the medial temporal lobe to v4 in macaques. | retrograde transsynaptic transport of rabies virus was employed to undertake the top-down projections from the medial temporal lobe (mtl) to visual area v4 of the occipitotemporal visual pathway in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata). on day 3 after rabies injections into v4, neuronal labeling was observed prominently in the temporal lobe areas that have direct connections with v4, including area tf of the parahippocampal cortex. furthermore, conspicuous neuron labeling appeared disynaptically in ... | 2012 | 23272220 |
| multisynaptic inputs from the medial temporal lobe to v4 in macaques. | retrograde transsynaptic transport of rabies virus was employed to undertake the top-down projections from the medial temporal lobe (mtl) to visual area v4 of the occipitotemporal visual pathway in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata). on day 3 after rabies injections into v4, neuronal labeling was observed prominently in the temporal lobe areas that have direct connections with v4, including area tf of the parahippocampal cortex. furthermore, conspicuous neuron labeling appeared disynaptically in ... | 2012 | 23272220 |
| food-snatching behavior of free-ranging japanese macaques observed on shodoshima island: a preliminary report. | we investigated the characteristics of a particular food-snatching behavior in which one individual forced another's mouth open and grabbed the food, as performed by free-ranging japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) in choshikei monkey park on shodoshima island, western japan. we conducted a survey in late june 2012 and observed one of two monkey troops, comprising 214 monkeys. we recorded the age classes and sexes of the individuals who performed the snatching behavior and were snatched from, and ... | 2012 | 23271439 |
| seasonality of adult male japanese macaques (macaca fuscata): androgens and behavior in a confined troop. | seasonal variations in levels of serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (dht), reproductive behavior, and social behavior were investigated in 12 adult males (5 to 20+ years of age) of the oregon troop of japanese macaques (macaca fuscata). blood samples were collected at 2- to 4-month intervals, and behaviors were monitored twice weekly over a 15-month period. significant seasonal variations in levels of testosterone and dht, and in frequencies of mount series, ejaculations, number of female p ... | 2013 | 3793026 |
| fish: a new addition to the diet of japanese macaques on koshima island. | recently, japanese macaques on koshima island have begun to eat raw fish. this new habit was first observed in 1979, in adult males that live on the periphery of the group of macaques. the habit was first transmitted to the old dominant females in the group and then spread gradually to most other members of the group over the next 6 years. however, koshima macaques do not appear to have a particular liking for fish. the eating of fish is discussed in relation to recent nutritional conditions in ... | 2009 | 2613112 |
| the electrocardiogram of macaca fuscata. | | 2016 | 4967527 |
| histological ovarian changes in macaca fuscata before and after ovulation. | | 2000 | 97461 |
| serosurveillance for francisella tularensis among wild animals in japan using a newly developed competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | tularemia, a highly infectious zoonotic disease caused by francisella tularensis, occurs sporadically in japan. however, little is known about the prevalence of the disease in wild animals. a total of 632 samples obtained from 150 japanese black bears, 142 japanese hares, 120 small rodents, 97 rats, 53 raptors, 26 japanese monkeys, 21 japanese raccoon dogs, 20 masked palm civets, and three japanese red foxes between 2002 and 2010 were investigated for the presence of antibodies to f. tularensis ... | 2014 | 24689989 |
| serosurveillance for francisella tularensis among wild animals in japan using a newly developed competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | tularemia, a highly infectious zoonotic disease caused by francisella tularensis, occurs sporadically in japan. however, little is known about the prevalence of the disease in wild animals. a total of 632 samples obtained from 150 japanese black bears, 142 japanese hares, 120 small rodents, 97 rats, 53 raptors, 26 japanese monkeys, 21 japanese raccoon dogs, 20 masked palm civets, and three japanese red foxes between 2002 and 2010 were investigated for the presence of antibodies to f. tularensis ... | 2014 | 24689989 |
| scratch that itch: revisiting links between self-directed behaviour and parasitological, social and environmental factors in a free-ranging primate. | different hypotheses explain variation in the occurrence of self-directed behaviour such as scratching and self-grooming: a parasite hypothesis linked with ectoparasite load, an environmental hypothesis linked with seasonal conditions and a social hypothesis linked with social factors. these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive but are often considered separately. here, we revisited these hypotheses together in female japanese macaques (macaca fuscata fuscata) of kōjima islet, japan. we input o ... | 2016 | 28018646 |
| influences of different large mammalian fauna on dung beetle diversity in beech forests. | this paper focuses on biological relationships between mammalian species richness and the community structure of dung beetles in cool-temperate forests in the northernmost part of mainland japan. the composition of beetle assemblages was evaluated at 3 sites in undisturbed beech forests with different mammalian fauna. in spring and summer 2009, beetles were collected at each site using pitfall traps baited with feces from japanese macaques, macaca fuscata blyth (primates: cercopithecidae); asiat ... | 0 | 23909510 |
| distribution of wild mammal assemblages along an urban-rural-forest landscape gradient in warm-temperate east asia. | urbanization may alter mammal assemblages via habitat loss, food subsidies, and other factors related to human activities. the general distribution patterns of wild mammal assemblages along urban-rural-forest landscape gradients have not been studied, although many studies have focused on a single species or taxon, such as rodents. we quantitatively evaluated the effects of the urban-rural-forest gradient and spatial scale on the distributions of large and mid-sized mammals in the world's larges ... | 2013 | 23741495 |
| japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) as natural reservoir of bartonella quintana. | bartonella quintana bacteremia was detected in 6 (13.3%) of 45 wild-caught japanese macaques (macaca fuscata). multilocus sequence typing of the isolates revealed that japanese macaques were infected with a new and specific b. quintana sequence type. free-ranging japanese macaques thus represent another natural reservoir of b. quintana. | 2015 | 26584238 |
| tetanus as cause of mass die-off of captive japanese macaques, japan, 2008. | in 2008 in japan, 15/60 captive japanese macaques died. clostridium tetani was isolated from 1 monkey, and 11 had tetanus-specific symptoms. we conclude the outbreak resulted from severe environmental c. tetani contamination. similar outbreaks could be prevented by vaccinating all monkeys, disinfecting housing areas/play equipment, replacing highly c. tetani-contaminated soil, and conducting epidemiologic surveys. | 2012 | 23017658 |
| multilocus typing of cryptosporidium spp. and giardia duodenalis from non-human primates in china. | non-human primates (nhps) are commonly infected with cryptosporidium spp. and giardia duodenalis. however, molecular characterisation of these pathogens from nhps remains scarce. in this study, 2,660 specimens from 26 nhp species in china were examined and characterised by pcr amplification of 18s rrna, 70kda heat shock protein (hsp70) and 60kda glycoprotein (gp60) gene loci for cryptosporidium; and 1,386 of the specimens by ssrrna, triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) and glutamate dehydrogenase (gd ... | 2014 | 25148945 |
| genetic polymorphism and zoonotic potential of enterocytozoon bieneusi from nonhuman primates in china. | enterocytozoon bieneusi is an important zoonotic pathogen. to assess the human-infective potential of e. bieneusi in nonhuman primates (nhps), we examined the prevalence and genotype distribution of e. bieneusi in 23 nhp species by pcr and sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its). a total of 1,386 fecal specimens from nhps from five provinces in china were examined, and e. bieneusi was detected in 158 (11.4%) specimens from five nhp species, including cynomolgus monke ... | 2014 | 24413605 |
| genetic variation of gongylonema pulchrum from wild animals and cattle in japan based on ribosomal rna and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i genes. | the gullet worm (gongylonema pulchrum) has been recorded from a variety of mammals worldwide, including monkeys and humans. due to its wide host range, it has been suggested that the worm may be transmitted locally to any mammalian host by chance. to investigate this notion, the ribosomal rna gene (rdna), mainly regions of the internal transcribed spacers (its) 1 and 2, and a cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) region of mitochondrial dna of g. pulchrum were characterized using parasites from t ... | 2013 | 22967753 |
| characterization of spontaneous malignant lymphomas in japanese macaques (macaca fuscata). | lymphomas are common spontaneous tumors in nonhuman primates but remain poorly characterized in japanese macaques (macaca fuscata). this study examined 5 cases of spontaneous malignant lymphoma in japanese macaques, focusing on the immunophenotypes and presence of simian lymphocryptoviruses, which are epstein-barr virus-related herpesviruses in nonhuman primates. the macaques with lymphoma were 5 to 28 years old, indicating that lymphomas develop over a wide age range. the common macroscopic fin ... | 2015 | 25248517 |
| spontaneous t/nk-cell lymphoma associated with simian lymphocryptovirus in a japanese macaque (macaca fuscata). | a 5-year-old female japanese macaque (macaca fuscata) was humanely destroyed because of severe anaemia with poor response to treatment. at necropsy examination, marked splenomegaly and systemic enlargement of lymph nodes were observed. microscopical examination revealed diffuse proliferation of neoplastic lymphoid cells in the spleen and lymph nodes with infiltration of the liver, lung, gastrointestinal tract, kidney and bone marrow. immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells expressed cd3 and ... | 2013 | 22789862 |
| genomic characterization of japanese macaque rhadinovirus, a novel herpesvirus isolated from a nonhuman primate with a spontaneous inflammatory demyelinating disease. | japanese macaque rhadinovirus (jmrv) is a novel gamma-2 herpesvirus that was isolated from a japanese macaque (jm) with an inflammatory demyelinating encephalomyelitis referred to as japanese macaque encephalomyelitis, a disease that possesses clinical and histopathological features resembling multiple sclerosis in humans. genomic dna sequence analysis reveals that jmrv is a gammaherpesvirus closely related to rhesus macaque rhadinovirus (rrv) and human herpesvirus 8. we describe here the comple ... | 2013 | 23097433 |
| enhancement of anti-stlv-1/htlv-1 immune responses through multimodal effects of anti-ccr4 antibody. | human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (htlv-1) causes adult t-cell leukemia and inflammatory diseases. because anti-htlv-1 immune responses are critical for suppressing infected cells, enhancing cellular immunity is beneficial for the treatment of htlv-1-associated diseases. using simian t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (stlv-1) infected japanese macaques, we analyzed the immune responses to viral antigens and the dynamics of virus-infected cells. the chemokine receptor ccr4 is expressed on stlv-1 infe ... | 2016 | 27250643 |
| tcf1 and lef1 act as t-cell intrinsic htlv-1 antagonists by targeting tax. | human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (htlv-1) is a delta-type retrovirus that induces malignant and inflammatory diseases during its long persistence in vivo. htlv-1 can infect various kinds of cells; however, htlv-1 provirus is predominantly found in peripheral cd4 t cells in vivo. here we find that tcf1 and lef1, two wnt transcription factors that are specifically expressed in t cells, inhibit viral replication through antagonizing tax functions. tcf1 and lef1 can each interact with tax and inhi ... | 2015 | 25646419 |
| characterization of simian t-cell leukemia virus type 1 in naturally infected japanese macaques as a model of htlv-1 infection. | human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (htlv-1) causes chronic infection leading to development of adult t-cell leukemia (atl) and inflammatory diseases. non-human primates infected with simian t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (stlv-1) are considered to constitute a suitable animal model for htlv-1 research. however, the function of the regulatory and accessory genes of stlv-1 has not been analyzed in detail. in this study, stlv-1 in naturally infected japanese macaques was analyzed. | 2013 | 24156738 |
| seroprevalence of japanese encephalitis virus infection in captive japanese macaques (macaca fuscata). | japanese encephalitis virus (jev), which is transmitted by mosquitoes, infects many animal species and causes serious acute encephalitis in humans and horses. in this study, a serosurvey of jev in japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) reared in aichi prefecture was conducted using purified jev as an antigen for elisa. the results revealed that 146 of 332 monkeys (44 %) were seropositive for jev. in addition, 35 of 131 monkeys (27 %) born in the facility were seropositive, and the annual infection r ... | 2014 | 24748049 |
| molecular identification of oesophagostomum and trichuris eggs isolated from wild japanese macaques. | natural habitat fragmentation and reducing habitat quality have resulted in an increased appearance of japanese macaques, macaca fuscata (gray, 1870), in suburban areas in japan. to investigate the risk of zoonotic infections, a coprological survey of helminth eggs passed by wild japanese macaques was carried out in 2009 and 2010 in shiga prefecture, japan. microscopic examination found helminth eggs in high prevalence, and nucleotide sequencing of dna extracted from the eggs identified oesophag ... | 2012 | 22949756 |
| contrasting infection susceptibility of the japanese macaques and cynomolgus macaques to closely related malaria parasites, plasmodium vivax and plasmodium cynomolgi. | although the human malaria parasite plasmodium vivax is closely related to asian old world monkey malaria parasites, there are no reports of p. vivax infections in macaques. in this study, we compared the infectivity of p. vivax and plasmodium cynomolgi in japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) and in cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis). the japanese macaques were highly susceptible to p. cynomolgi but not to p. vivax, whereas cynomolgus macaques showed mild/limited p. cynomolgi infection and ... | 2015 | 25316604 |
| detection of plasmodium knowlesi dna in the urine and faeces of a japanese macaque (macaca fuscata) over the course of an experimentally induced infection. | diagnostic techniques based on pcr for the detection of plasmodium dna can be highly sensitive and specific. the vast majority of these techniques rely, however, on the invasive sampling of blood from infected hosts. there is, currently, considerable interest in the possibility of using body fluids other than blood as sources of parasite dna for pcr diagnosis. | 2014 | 25239687 |
| construction of an infectious clone of simian foamy virus of japanese macaque (sfvjm) and phylogenetic analyses of sfvjm isolates. | foamy viruses belong to the genus spumavirus of the family retroviridae and have been isolated from many mammalian species. it was reported that simian foamy viruses (sfvs) have co-evolved with host species. in this study, we isolated four strains (wk1, wk2, ar1 and ar2) of sfv (named sfvjm) from japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) in main island honshu of japan. we constructed an infectious molecular clone of sfvjm strain wk1, termed pjm356. the virus derived from the clone replicated and induce ... | 2014 | 25017058 |
| a simian hemorrhagic fever virus isolate from persistently infected baboons efficiently induces hemorrhagic fever disease in japanese macaques. | simian hemorrhagic fever virus is an arterivirus that naturally infects species of african nonhuman primates causing acute or persistent asymptomatic infections. although it was previously estimated that 1% of baboons are shfv-positive, more than 10% of wild-caught and captive-bred baboons tested were shfv positive and the infections persisted for more than 10 years with detectable virus in the blood (100-1000 genomes/ml). the sequences of two baboon shfv isolates that were amplified by a single ... | 2015 | 25463617 |
| air sacculitis in three rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) and one japanese macaque (m. fuscata). | bacterial infection of the laryngeal air sacs (air sacculitis) is infrequently reported in nonhuman primates, where it leads to chronic respiratory disease. it is particularly uncommon in macaques; however, we report here suppurative air sacculitis with extension to adjacent cervical tissues in three rhesus macaques and one japanese macaque. staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus sp., and an anaerobic bacterium were isolated. | 2017 | 28224653 |
| genetic heterogeneity and phylogeny of trichuris spp. from captive non-human primates based on ribosomal dna sequence data. | nematodes of the genus trichuris, known as whipworms, are recognized to infect numerous mammalian species including humans and non-human primates. several trichuris spp. have been described and species designation/identification is traditionally based on host-affiliation, although cross-infection and hybridization events may complicate species boundaries. the main aims of the present study were to genetically characterize adult trichuris specimens from captive japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) ... | 2015 | 26066463 |
| differences of the primate flocculus and ventral paraflocculus in the mossy and climbing fiber input organization. | potential sources of cerebellar cortical afferent fibers were identified in the vestibular ganglion, medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellar nucleus of seven anesthetized macaca fuscata after local injections of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase or fast blue into the flocculus (fl) or ventral paraflocculus (vp). there were differences in the sources of mossy fibers to the fl and vp. labeled neurons, after injections into the fl, were located mainly in the ipsilateral vestib ... | 1997 | 9184995 |
| location of efferent terminals of the primate flocculus and ventral paraflocculus revealed by anterograde axonal transport methods. | efferents of the flocculus (fl) and ventral paraflocculus (vp) were examined in seven anesthetized macaca fuscata by anterograde axonal transport method using wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase or phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin. several major foci of axon terminals were found in the vestibular nuclear complex and cerebellar nuclei. a difference was seen in the location of efferent terminals between the fl and vp. when the tracer covered the fl, labeled axon terminals wer ... | 1997 | 9129184 |
| amygdalofugal and amygdalopetal connections with modality-specific visual cortical areas in macaques (macaca fuscata, m. mulatta, and m. fascicularis). | the origins and terminations of the amygdaloid connections with the modality-specific visual cortical areas tea (anterior te area), tep (posterior te area), teo, v4, v2, mst (medial superior temporal visual area), mt (middle temporal visual area), and v1 were studied in macaques. these were compared with the amygdaloid connections of a vision-related polysensory area tg by making cortical injections of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and incubating the sections with tetramethylbenzidine (tmb) as th ... | 1987 | 3611417 |
| kinesiological characteristics of vertical climbing in ateles geoffroyi and macaca fuscata. | | 1993 | 8206421 |
| group service in macaques (macaca fuscata), capuchins (cebus apella) and marmosets (callithrix jacchus): a comparative approach to identifying proactive prosocial motivations. | proactive, that is, spontaneous, prosociality reflects a psychological interest in the welfare of others and has been reported in callitrichid monkeys, capuchin monkeys (cebus apella), and humans, but not in chimpanzees. one explanation for the co-occurrence of proactive prosociality in these species is that it is linked to shared infant care (cooperative breeding); alternatively, it might merely reflect unusually high social tolerance or be mediated by advanced cognitive abilities. to date, dis ... | 2013 | 22250970 |
| interspecies sexual behaviour between a male japanese macaque and female sika deer. | interspecies sexual behaviour or 'reproductive interference' has been reported across a wide range of animal taxa. however, most of these occurrences were observed in phylogenetically close species and were mainly discussed in terms of their effect on fitness, hybridization and species survival. the few cases of heterospecific mating in distant species occurred between animals that were bred and maintained in captivity. only one scientific study has reported this phenomenon, describing sexual ha ... | 2017 | 28074343 |
| sperm membrane proteome in wild japanese macaque (macaca fuscata) and sika deer (cervus nippon). | whereas recent advances in proteome-related techniques have accumulated a lot of information about sperm proteins in model animals, the information in non-model wildlife species is absolutely deficient, although this knowledge would be valuable to regulate wildlife overabundance. to characterize the repertoires of sperm membrane proteins in japanese overpopulated wildlife, our study focuses on the following two species: macaca fuscata and cervus nippon. we enriched sperm membrane proteins by the ... | 2015 | 25277530 |
| coprophagy-related interspecific nocturnal interactions between japanese macaques (macaca fuscata yakui) and sika deer (cervus nippon yakushimae). | the influence of sympatric large animals on the sleeping behavior of primates in the wild is still largely unknown. in this study, we observed behaviors of wild japanese macaques (macaca fuscata yakui) at their sleeping sites, using a highly sensitive video camera. we found evidence of nocturnal interspecific interactions, such as agonistic interactions, between japanese macaques and sika deer (cervus nippon yakushimae). deer approached sleeping clusters of macaques, which slept on the ground, t ... | 2010 | 20052604 |
| planar covariation of limb elevation angles during bipedal locomotion in common quails (coturnix coturnix). | in human bipedal walking, temporal changes in the elevation angle of the thigh, shank and foot segments covary to form a regular loop within a single plane in three-dimensional space. in this study, we quantified the planar covariation of limb elevation angles during bipedal locomotion in common quails to test whether the degree of planarity and the orientation of the covariance plane differ between birds, humans and japanese macaques as reported in published accounts. five quails locomoted on a ... | 2014 | 25267852 |
| matching based on biological categories in orangutans (pongo abelii) and a gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla). | following a series of experiments in which six orangutans and one gorilla discriminated photographs of different animal species in a two-choice touch screen procedure, vonk & macdonald (2002) and vonk & macdonald (2004) concluded that orangutans, but not the gorilla, seemed to learn intermediate level category discriminations, such as primates versus non-primates, more rapidly than they learned concrete level discriminations, such as orangutans versus humans. in the current experiments, four of ... | 2013 | 24058886 |
| food washing and placer mining in captive great apes. | sweet potato washing and wheat placer mining in japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) are among the most well known examples of local traditions in non-human animals. the functions of these behaviors and the mechanisms of acquisition and spread of these behaviors have been debated frequently. prompted by animal caretaker reports that great apes [chimpanzees (pan troglodytes), bonobos (pan paniscus), gorillas (gorilla gorilla), and orangutans (pongo abelii)] at leipzig zoo occasionally wash their fo ... | 2013 | 23665925 |
| muscle architectural properties in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus, is a small new world monkey that has recently gained attention as an important experimental animal model in the field of neuroscience as well in rehabilitative and regenerative medicine. this attention reflects the closer phylogenetic relationship between humans and common marmosets compared to that between humans and other experimental animals. when studying the neuronal mechanism behind various types of neurological motor disorders using the common marm ... | 2017 | 28484857 |